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• linux raid 1: right after replacing and syncing one drive, the other disk fails - understanding what is going on with mdstat/mdadm

  - by devicerandom

  We have an old RAID 1 Linux server (Ubuntu Lucid 10.04), with four partitions. A few days ago /dev/sdb failed, and today we noticed /dev/sda had pre-failure ominous SMART signs (~4000 reallocated sector count). We replaced /dev/sdb this morning and rebuilt the RAID on the new drive, following this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/replacing_hard_disks_in_a_raid1_array Everything went smooth until the very end. When it looked like it was finishing to synchronize the last partition, the other old one failed. At this point I am very unsure of the state of the system. Everything seems working and the files seem to be all accessible, just as if it synchronized everything, but I'm new to RAID and I'm worried about what is going on. The /proc/mdstat output is: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sdb4[2](S) sda4[0] 478713792 blocks [2/1] [U_] md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1] sda3[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[2](F) 244140992 blocks [2/1] [_U] md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[2](F) 9764800 blocks [2/1] [_U] unused devices: <none> The order of [_U] vs [U_]. Why aren't they consistent along all the array? Is the first U /dev/sda or /dev/sdb? (I tried looking on the web for this trivial information but I found no explicit indication) If I read correctly for md0, [_U] should be /dev/sda1 (down) and /dev/sdb1 (up). But if /dev/sda has failed, how can it be the opposite for md3 ? I understand /dev/sdb4 is now spare because probably it failed to synchronize it 100%, but why does it show /dev/sda4 as up? Shouldn't it be [__]? Or [_U] anyway? The /dev/sda drive now cannot even be accessed by SMART anymore apparently, so I wouldn't expect it to be up. What is wrong with my interpretation of the output? I attach also the outputs of mdadm --detail for the four partitions: /dev/md0: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:07 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 9764800 (9.31 GiB 10.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:27:33 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : a3b4dbbd:859bf7f2:bde36644:fcef85e2 Events : 0.7704 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 /dev/md1: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:15 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:39:06 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 8bcd5765:90dc93d5:cc70849c:224ced45 Events : 0.1508280 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2 2 8 2 - faulty spare /dev/sda2 /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:19 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Used Dev Size : 244140992 (232.83 GiB 250.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:46:44 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 2885668b:881cafed:b8275ae8:16bc7171 Events : 0.2289636 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - faulty spare /dev/sda3 /dev/md3: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Fri Jan 21 18:43:22 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Used Dev Size : 478713792 (456.54 GiB 490.20 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 5 17:19:20 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 4 0 active sync /dev/sda4 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4 The active sync on /dev/sda4 baffles me. I am worried because if tomorrow morning I have to replace /dev/sda, I want to be sure what should I sync with what and what is going on. I am also quite baffled by the fact /dev/sda decided to fail exactly when the raid finished resyncing. I'd like to understand what is really happening. Thanks a lot for your patience and help. Massimo

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• Linux?????Oracle ASMLib??????

  - by ??-Oracle

  ??Oracle ASMLIB?????? ?????????linux??????oracle?asmlib?????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????" multipatha",???????? ??????????: ???????????,???????????:ASM??????2??????,????????????????????????3?,?: ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????:?????????????,?/ dev/ sda?,?????????????.?????2?????????????????? Linux?SCSI????????????????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.??????sdb??sdc?????????? ??,???????????????,???????????????? ,?/dev/multipatha,?????????????,????,??I/ O??multipatha????????????????????????sdb??,?????????????,????????????multipath?????????sdc?????????? ????????????????????,???????????:sdb??sdc???multpatha,??????????????ASMLIB???,??????,ASMLIB?????????????? ASMLIB???,??????????,??ASM????????????????????????????ASM????????,?????????? ??????????:ASM??????????? ??????,ASMLIB????????????.Linux???????????,?????????????,????multipath ?????????? ???????ASMLIB??????????!??Oracle?????,?????????? ?????,????,??????ASMLIB??????????????????,??????????????: ??????:     ASMLIB???ASMLIB???????????????ASMLIB??????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB??????????????????,???????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks????????????ASMLIB????????????????????????????asmlib???,???????????ASMLIB????,?????,ASMLIB??OS????????????,????OS?????????? ????????,???????OS?????????????????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB?????????????,?????Oracle??? ASMLib??????????????????????,???????????????????????,ASMLib?????????????,?????????????????.?????????????????????????     ??????????????????,??????????????????????,??ASMLib?????,?????????????????????????????????ASMLib???????????,??????????? ???????: ASMLib?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm.???????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm ???????????????????????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure ???????????,?????????????? ???????????????? ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ??????????????; ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE????????????????????; ???????????????????.???,????????????????,?????????,?????sd???????SCSI??????????????.??????????,??????????????? /dev/ ?????????????? ??:???????,?????????????????????device-mapper???,????????/dev/dm-XX??/dev/mapper/XXX???????udev???????????????ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ?? ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE???? dm ????? ???????: ??:?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm,????????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm???? ?????????: ???????ASMLib??????????????,?ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANORDER??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="multipath sd" ??,???????,ASMLib??????"multipath"????????????/dev/multipatha ?????????????????????ASMLib?????"sd"?????????SCSI????????/dev/sda?????,???????ASM???? ??????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc??????,???ASM???,??ASMLib ????????????????ASMLib?????????ASMLib??????????????????? ????????: ?????????ASMLib???????????ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sdb sdc" ??,????????????ASMLib???????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.????????SCSI?????,ASMLib????????????2???,?????/dev/multipath???,??,Oracle?????????? EMC PowerPath ?ASMLib ??????????EMC PowerPatch??????ASMLib?????? ????,PowerPath?2.4 kernels EMC??????Linux??2.6??,?RHEL 4??SLES 9??2.0ASMLib kernel ??????? ??EMC Power Patch???,???EMC Support Matrix????????/?? ??????????? ???????? ASMLib ? PowerPath ?Linux 2.4 Kernel????,?RHEL3 SLES8 ???????,???EMC ?: ??????OTN?????: Configuring Oracle ASMLib on Multipath Disks

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• Linux server apache httpd processes take i/o wait to close to 100% and lock down server

  - by user3682065

  For about 5 days now, and seemingly out of the blue, my linux server has started locking up from time to time. The pattern is always the same as far as I can tell from top and iotop commands around the time it starts happening: One or more httpd processes (usually one) hang and start using up 100% of CPU power, the %wa goes close to 100% and in the iotop I see several httpd processes with 99.99% in the IO column. I'm also running an SVN server on this machine through apache and the one way that I've been consistently able to reproduce this is to do an SVN commit of new files or an SVN update from the repository on this server (I am the only one using this SVN repository). This will always reproduce this scenario successfully, but until very recently I had no problems at all checking in/out of SVN. But sometimes it just happens for no detectable reason at all it seems. So it seems like there is some issue with my Apache that leads it to have processes use up a lot of read/write upon certain triggers. I was wondering if anyone could help me uncover that issue. EDIT: OK now it's happening again: This is top: [root@server ~]# top top - 10:56:54 up 2:59, 5 users, load average: 171.46, 70.35, 27.01 Tasks: 328 total, 2 running, 326 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.9%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 96.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2021144k total, 1968192k used, 52952k free, 2500k buffers Swap: 4194288k total, 2938584k used, 1255704k free, 39008k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10390 apache 20 0 2774m 936m 6200 D 2.0 47.4 1:52.27 httpd 2149 root 20 0 927m 13m 1040 S 0.7 0.7 1:50.46 namecoind 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.3 0.0 0:30.10 events/0 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:17.88 kblockd/1 2049 root 20 0 382m 4932 2880 D 0.3 0.2 0:03.67 httpd 2144 root 20 0 1702m 69m 1164 S 0.3 3.5 5:19.68 bitcoind 6325 root 20 0 15164 1100 656 R 0.3 0.1 0:11.09 top 10311 apache 20 0 387m 9496 7320 D 0.3 0.5 0:01.89 httpd 10313 apache 20 0 391m 10m 7364 D 0.3 0.5 0:02.40 httpd 10466 apache 20 0 399m 12m 7392 D 0.3 0.7 0:02.41 httpd 10599 apache 20 0 391m 9324 7340 D 0.3 0.5 0:00.15 httpd 10628 apache 20 0 384m 7620 4052 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.01 httpd 10633 apache 20 0 384m 7048 3504 D 0.3 0.3 0:00.01 httpd 10634 apache 20 0 384m 8012 4048 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd 10638 apache 20 0 400m 22m 9.8m D 0.3 1.1 0:01.93 httpd 10640 apache 20 0 385m 8288 4028 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.03 httpd 10641 apache 20 0 401m 21m 6376 D 0.3 1.1 0:01.45 httpd 10759 apache 20 0 385m 8816 3480 D 0.3 0.4 0:01.45 httpd 10773 apache 20 0 384m 8044 3464 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd This is an iotop snapshot: Total DISK READ: 5.93 M/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 10732 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 58.48 % httpd 876 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 52.68 K/s 0.00 % 52.98 % [jbd2/dm-1-8] 10906 be/4 root 124.17 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 23.03 % sh -c [ -x /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng ] && /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng >/dev/null 2>&1 2156 be/4 root 206.94 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 21.15 % bitcoind 10904 be/4 mysql 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 18.94 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 10773 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 14.77 % httpd 10641 be/4 apache 15.05 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 11.57 % httpd 10399 be/4 apache 1057.29 K/s 0.00 B/s 43.16 % 10.56 % httpd 10682 be/4 sw-cp-se 158.03 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 7.45 % sw-engine-cgi -c /usr/local/psa/admin/conf/php.ini -d auto_prepend_file=auth.php3 -u psaadm 10774 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 6.53 % httpd 10624 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.53 % httpd 10356 be/4 apache 899.26 K/s 0.00 B/s 35.52 % 4.01 % httpd 10795 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.93 % httpd 10804 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.08 % httpd 4379 be/4 root 2.89 M/s 0.00 B/s 99.99 % 0.00 % namecoind 10619 be/4 apache 462.80 K/s 0.00 B/s 7.80 % 0.00 % httpd 10636 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % httpd 10716 be/4 mysql 105.35 K/s 0.00 B/s 5.92 % 0.00 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 1988 be/4 root 18.81 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % spamd_full.sock I also ran lsof -p for pid 10390 which was way up top under the top command and this is the bottom line where I can sort of see what request this was and it says CLOSE_WAIT: httpd 10390 apache 34u IPv6 315879 0t0 TCP default-domain.com:https->crawl-66-249-65-91.googlebot.com:42907 (CLOSE_WAIT) I'm still not sure what exactly is causing this all to happen though? I killed that service but %wa and load average remain high, I also stopped mysqld and other services. It really only goes down once I stop httpd altogether, and even then I can't start it without finding remaining hanging httpd processes via "netstat -tulpn", killing those or doing "killall -9 httpd" and after waiting a while for it to cycle through all those then doing /etc/init.d/httpd start

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• downgrade the system

  - by deddihp

  hello, actually i have some business to downgrade the kernel. I downgrade from kernel 2.6.31-14 (ubuntu 9.10) to 2.6.26.8. And then i got the following error in my boot process : warning: unable to find a suitable fs in /proc/mounts, is it mounted ? use --subdomainfs to override what is that mean anyway ? thanks.

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• How do I prepare myself for a summer of working on Python using Linux environment?

  - by Shailesh Tainwala

  Hi, I have used just Windows for programming so far. Now, I have an internship starting in two weeks and I will be using just Linux environment with Python programming language. I've installed Ubuntu on my system but have no exposure to shell scripting. I need some advice on how I can quickly learn to use the Linux terminal quickly. Any books or web resources that you can suggest? Also, is there a particular IDE that is generally preferred for Python programming on Linux, or is Vim preferred? How can I best prepare myself for the internship ahead? Thanks for taking the time.

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• How to deal with symbolic links when going between Linux and Windows?

  - by Jesse Beder

  I have a django project that runs on a Linux server, and I've been working on it both on Linux and OS X. I've noticed that some of the pages are a bit off, to put it politely, in Internet Explorer, and so I checked out the subversion repository on Windows and tried to run a local server. My media directory has symbolic links to all of the media from each different app, and obviously Windows doesn't know what to do with them. I could simply hard-copy or link everything manually in Windows, but then I wouldn't be able to check that in (since the site runs on a Linux server), so it'd be a pain in the neck. What is typically done in this case?

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• How can I lock the cursor to the inside of a window on Linux?

  - by ZorbaTHut

  I'm trying to put together a game for Linux which involves a lot of fast action and flinging around of the mouse cursor. If the user wants to play in windowed mode, I'd quite like to lock the cursor to the inside of the window to avoid accidentally changing programs in the heat of battle (obviously this will cancel itself if the user changes programs or hits escape for the pause menu.) On Windows, this can be accomplished easily with ClipCursor(). I can't find an equivalent on Linux. Is there one? I plan to do this in pure X code, but obviously if anyone knows of a way to do this in any Linux windowing library then I can just read the source code and figure out how to duplicate it in X.

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• Machine Check Exception

  - by Karl Entwistle

  When trying to install ubuntu-12.04-desktop-amd64.iso from USB I get one of the following errors http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Check_Exception states the error can occur due to -poorly fitted heatsink/computer fans (the same problem can happen with excessive dust in the CPU fan) -an overloaded internal or external power supply (fixable by upgrading) So I tried the following -Using rubbing alcohol to remove all the thermal paste from the CPU and heatsink, I then reseated the CPU after checking all the pins on the MOBO, everything seems fine. -Boot without the GPU to see if was the PSU that is being over stressed. -Removing all RAM apart from one stick and running a Memtest86 which it passed -Using Ubuntu 10.04.4 Desktop 64 bit (Different USB slots and USB sticks) -Using Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop 64 bit (Different USB slots and USB sticks) -Reset the BIOS using the Clear CMOS jumper -Removing all HD power cables and SATA cables -Updating the BIOS from F2 to F6 My PC is using the following parts. -Gigabyte GA-Z77-DS3H (F6 BIOS) -Intel Core i7 3770K 3.5GHz Socket 1155 -G-Skill 8GB (2x4GB) DDR3 1600Mhz RipjawsX Memory Kit CL9 (9-9-9-24) 1.5V -Be Quiet Shadow Rock Pro -Be Quiet Pure Power 730W Modular PSU -Sapphire HD 6870 1GB GDDR5 DVI HDMI DisplayPort PCI-E Graphics Card Any ideas?

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• fcgi php.ini override

  - by Linux Intel

  I'm using cPanel on centos5 64bit installed. PHP handler is : fcgi cat /usr/local/apache/conf/php.conf output is : LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so MaxRequestsPerProcess 500 FCGIWrapper /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/php5 .php5 FCGIWrapper /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/php5 .php4 FCGIWrapper /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/php5 .php FCGIWrapper /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/php5 .php3 FCGIWrapper /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/php5 .php2 FCGIWrapper /usr/local/cpanel/cgi-sys/php5 .phtml AddHandler fcgid-script .php5 .php4 .php .php3 .php2 .phtml Apache/2.2.22 , PHP 5.2.17 How can i use custom php.ini for a specific account .?

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• ath9k driver does not weak up

  - by shantanu

  I know this is common question but i found no suitable answer, so i am asking this again. I installed ubuntu 11.10. I found the bug for ath9k, so set first network boot from BIOS menu. That's worked. I have upgraded to 12.04 yesterday. Now ath9k is creating problem again. First network boot is still enable. ath9k works at start. But failed(connect again and again) after couple of minutes. dmesg show error that it can not weak up in 500us. So i tried #compat-wireless-3.5.1-1. But result is same. I have also added #nohwcrypt=1 option in /etc/modeprob.d/ath9k.conf. Still no luck. I tried #rmmod and then modprobe sudo modprobe ath9k nohwcrypt=1 dmesg shows me error: [ 400.690086] ath9k: Driver unloaded [ 406.214329] ath9k 0000:06:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) [ 406.214348] ath9k 0000:06:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 17 (level, low) -> IRQ 17 [ 406.214368] ath9k 0000:06:00.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 406.428517] ath9k 0000:06:00.0: Failed to initialize device [ 406.428852] ath9k 0000:06:00.0: PCI INT A disabled [ 406.428887] ath9k: probe of 0000:06:00.0 failed with error -5 dmesg error when driver fail: 355.023521] ath: Chip reset failed [ 355.023524] ath: Unable to reset channel, reset status -22 [ 355.023556] ath: Unable to set channel [ 355.088569] ath: Failed to stop TX DMA, queues=0x10f! [ 355.122708] ath: DMA failed to stop in 10 ms AR_CR=0xffffffff AR_DIAG_SW=0xffffffff DMADBG_7=0xffffffff [ 355.122714] ath: Could not stop RX, we could be confusing the DMA engine when we start RX up [ 355.263962] ath: Chip reset failed [ 355.263966] ath: Unable to reset channel (2437 MHz), reset status -22 [ 358.996063] ath: Failed to wakeup in 500us [ 364.004182] ath: Failed to wakeup in 500us I can not install fresh ubuntu because i have lots of application installed. System : Acer Aspire 4250 AMD dual core 1.6GHZ Atheros Communications Inc. AR9485 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) EDITED Now i am in serious problem. No wifi device is not showing in ifconfig or lshw commands. Only ether-net interface shows. I tried (FN + WIFI) several times to enable the device but nothing helps. Now I have installed fresh ubuntu 12.04. Please help lshw -c network: *-network description: Ethernet interface product: 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 19 bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:19:d1:7a:8e:f9 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=2.0.0-k duplex=full firmware=1.1-0 ip=192.168.1.114 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:45 memory:90300000-9031ffff memory:90324000-90324fff ioport:20c0(size=32) rfkill command does not show anything but no error.

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• Google Earth freezes during zoom-in on Intel processors with integrated graphics

  - by zigma80

  When I zoom in at a certain zoom level, Google Earth makes my system freeze completely so that I have to power off or reboot I use Kubuntu 12.04 and my laptop has an Intel(R)Core(TM)i3-2310M CPU @2.10GHz with HD3000 graphics. I installed intel-gpu-tools and tried to fix it with sudo intel_reg_write 0x2120 0x1206800 as explained [here][1], but that didn't work. I wonder if there any other solution out there...

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• How do you fix "failed command: IDENTIFY DEVICE" showing up in dmesg?

  - by Neil

  I just got a new Mushkin 60gb SSD, and it's now my primary drive in the ata1 spot. I've been getting these failed command: IDENTIFY DEVICE errors which are preventing rebooting and shutdown. Does anyone know what these could be caused by, or how to start troubleshooting? I've tried these kernels: 2.6.32-22-generic 2.6.31-17-generic And they both have the same error. Here is a link to my entire dmesg. And the relevant ata1.00 parts below: [ 59.804237] ata1: drained 256 bytes to clear DRQ. [ 59.804244] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen [ 59.804249] ata1.00: failed command: IDENTIFY DEVICE [ 59.804254] ata1.00: cmd ec/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 pio 512 in [ 59.804256] res 40/00:00:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x4 (timeout) [ 59.804258] ata1.00: status: { DRDY } [ 59.804264] ata1: hard resetting link [ 59.804266] ata1: nv: skipping hardreset on occupied port [ 60.272036] ata1: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [ 60.352193] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 60.352204] ata1: EH complete

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• Doing "it all from scratch" is different than OS-specifics

  - by Bigyellow Bastion

  Many people tell me that in order to write my own operating system I need to understand the inner-workings of the one I'll be writing it on. That's nonsense. I mean I understand it for education purposes, such as studying the workings of a current OS to gain better knowledge of writing one myself. But the OS I'm writing it on is nothing but my scratchpad offering me software to write the code in, and software to assemble/compile my code into executable instructions. I've been told that I need to decide which OS I'm writing it on before I write it, but all I need is an assembler to produce flat binary, or a compiler to produce object code and a linker to link it into a flat binary .bin file. Why do people say it matters which OS you make an OS on, when it doesn't?

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• Slowing down cpu speed

  - by New linux user

  How to slow down my laptop cpu so that it does not overheat?

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• ubuntu is very slow

  - by johnny smithens

  Hello all. I am new with Ubuntu, and it is very slow(even in Ubuntu 2D). The performance is degraded for almost any task. I just reinstalled with amd64, and tried updating the Nvidia drivers with Nvidia Xserver. but it made no difference. This is the output of free -m: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3006 1318 1688 0 61 699 -/+ buffers/cache: 556 2449 Swap: 3064 0 3064 tl;dr - total: 3006, used: 1318 When I see the virtual console with Ctrl+Alt+F2, I see constantly: Assuming Drive Cache: write through; asking for cache data failed; It is very frustrating. Thanks in advance!

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• use of tcp_delack_min on redhat linux (kernel 2.6.18)

  - by user41466

  Hello, we're moving from Solaris to Redhat Linux, and trying to duplicate our low-latency setup, that, on solaris, includes the ndd settings related to TCP NO DELAY, and NAGLE ALGORITHM. I got the impression that those parameters are not all configurable system-wide, but still found some info. we have configured our applications to run with no nagle algorithm, but that is not sufficient. we have found an interesting RH article talking presenting the tcp_delack_min parameter, however, when browsing /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ , I can't find it there. would it be safe to assume that simply "adding" the parameter as it's said on the doc would be enough, or rather that the option is not supported by this version (would be strange, as RH specify that it "can be performed on a standard Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation") ? any other idea / recommendation to improve latency further ? thanks

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• grub shows same linux image twice

  - by binW

  After a recent update, I get multiple entries for same linux kernel version in the boot menu. I have tried running update-grub2 but it also lists the same linux-image version twice i.e adnan@adnan-laptop:/boot$ sudo update-grub2 Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-26-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-26-generic Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1 Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-26-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-26-generic Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin done As you can see vmlinuz and initrd are found multiple times. But there is only one vmlinuz and initrd file in /boot adnan@adnan-laptop:/boot$ ls -l total 15120 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 646144 2010-11-24 15:58 abi-2.6.32-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 110601 2010-11-24 15:58 config-2.6.32-26-generic drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 2011-01-01 18:59 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8335528 2010-12-20 23:36 initrd.img-2.6.32-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 160280 2010-03-23 14:40 memtest86+.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2156100 2010-11-24 15:58 System.map-2.6.32-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1336 2010-11-24 16:00 vmcoreinfo-2.6.32-26-generic -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4050080 2010-11-24 15:58 vmlinuz-2.6.32-26-generic Can some one tell me why does update-grub2 finds vmlinuz and initrd twice? and how to stop this from happening.

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• How do I install BCM4312 wireless drivers?

  - by t3ch

  completely new to Ubuntu. How do I add Wireless driver for my laptop? I am running a Dell XPS M1330. Right now its acts as if I dont have a Wi-Fi card. :~$ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile PM965/GM965/GL960 Memory Controller Hub (rev 0c) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile PM965/GM965/GL960 PCI Express Root Port (rev 0c) 00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02) 00:1a.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 (rev 02) 00:1a.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Controller (rev 02) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 4 (rev 02) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port 6 (rev 02) 00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) 00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02) 00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev f2) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801HEM (ICH8M) LPC Interface Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801HBM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) IDE Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 82801HBM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA AHCI Controller (rev 02) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller (rev 02) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation G86 [GeForce 8400M GS] (rev a1) 03:01.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Ricoh Co Ltd R5C832 IEEE 1394 Controller (rev 05) 03:01.1 SD Host controller: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adapter (rev 22) 03:01.2 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter (rev 12) 03:01.3 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd xD-Picture Card Controller (rev 12) 09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM5906M Fast Ethernet PCI Express (rev 02) 0c:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY (rev 01)

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• Overheating laptop

  - by Moncef ben slimane

  i've been using ubuntu for ~2 months, when i installed it on my computer (laptop) it never overheat but a day, i don't know what happened, it over heated.. (70*C @ Idle) I've tryed what ever i found on the net, and as well, i can't change the CPU freq o.O, i5 M460 @ 2.53 GHz.. i have benn trying, jupiter (no result), lm-sensors (aswell), and the cpu freq thingy for unity (cpu wont move from 2.5GHz) Any help? (i'm a C++ user and PHP coder...)

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• Wifi speed with driver rtl8187 drops

  - by Peter

  I am using lucid lynx with this USB adapter and drivers rtl8187. When I start a download, it starts at 1500kpbs (if i use "iwconfig wlan0 rate [more than 11MB]" it starts at a lower speed), it transfers a few kbs but then the speed starts to drop constantly and nothing is being transferred. I've also tried the driver r8187, but I have the same speed problem only that with this driver the download starts at only 10kbps, and drops from there. What can I try to identify the cause and fix this problem?

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• How to Run files and open folders as an administrater 11.10

  - by Mattlinux1

  Solved!!! Enable open as administrator in nautilus! To get started, press Ctrl – Alt – T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below: enter code here sudo apt-get install nautilus-gksu After installing that application run copy and paste the line below and press enter. sudo cp /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-2.0/libnautilus-gksu.so /usr/lib/nautilus/extensions-3.0/ Finally, log out and back in then go and test it, by clicking your right mouse click on the file you want to run as Admin and your see a popup menu with the words: open as administrater. Visit: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2011/12/add-open-as-administrator-to-nautilus-context-menu-in-ubuntu-11-10-oneiric-ocelot/ for help and from here. Enjoy!

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• Ubuntu Server won't boot with "zip2: Compressed file ends unexpectedly" error

  - by Oetzi

  I am trying to boot lucid server on my new VPS but its giving me some problems. The boot gets to a point where it hangs. At this point it says: No such file `modules-2.6.31-20-server-amd64.tar.bz2' zip2: Compressed file ends unexpectedly You can use the `bzip2recover' program to attempt to recover data from undamaged sections of corrupted files. tar: Child returned status 2 tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors Module installation failed. Does anyone have any ideas how I might be able to fix this? Sorry that this is rather vague!

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• Notebook overheating

  - by user71372

  I'm asking this question because I've tried many tips to solve they don't work and it sounds like a non-fixed bug ubuntu. My problem is with overheating. I've recently installed Ubuntu Precise 12.04 LTS alongside with MS Windows 7 on my notebook Samsung 530U. I'm using both via dual-boot mode. I've no heating problem with MS Win 7 and the fan speed is normal even with long run utilization. However, when booting with Ubuntu and after short time, the PC got very hot and the fan was running at max speed. I installed a tool called Jupiter, I put it in "Power Saving" mode but no result. Now, I avoid using ubuntu because I fear it'll damage my all new notebook. Please can you give me a "FINAL" fix of this problem (lot of answers exist but I don't know the more accurate and efficient one). Thank you in advance.

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• Troubleshooting VMware on Ubuntu

  Summary of different problems while using VMware products on Ubuntu. This article is going to be updated from time to time with new information about running VMware products more or less smoothly on Ubuntu. Following are links to existing articles: Running VMware Player on Linux (xubuntu Hardy Heron) Running VMware Server on Linux (version 1.0.6 on xubuntu) Using ext4 in VMware machine   VMware mouse grab/ungrab problem (Source: LinuxInsight) Upgrading GTK library in Ubuntu since Karmic Koala gives you a strange mouse behaviour. Even if you have "Grab when cursor enters window" option set, VMware won't grab your pointer when you move mouse into the VMware window. Also, if you use Ctrl-G to capture the pointer, VMware window will release it as soon as you move mouse around a little bit. Quite annoying behavior... Fortunately, there's a simple workaround that can fix things until VMware resolves incompatibilities with the new GTK library. VMware Workstation ships with many standard libraries including libgtk, so the only thing you need to do is to force it to use it's own versions. The simplest way to do that is to add the following line to the end of the /etc/vmware/bootstrap configuration file and restart the Workstation. export VMWARE_USE_SHIPPED_GTK="force" The interface will look slightly odd, because older version of GTK is being used, but at least it will work properly. Note: After upgrading a new Linux kernel, it is necessary to compile the VMware modules, this requires to temporarily comment the export line in /etc/vmware/bootstrap.

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• atftp pcre pattern

  - by CE-SA

  I've a question about the package named 'atftp'. I've got the atftp daemon finally working. Previously I was using tftp-hpa with a custom rule that replaces filenames with capitals into non-capital filenames and replaces the backslashes into forward slashes so that WinPE will boot fine. But in atftp I can't find rules or replacements like that. I'm searching for long, but cannot find or write the right pcre-pattern. Could you help me with this?

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