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• ssh: connect to host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx port 22: Connection refused

  - by Umair Mustafa

  Well im trying to connect to a client machine using ssh using this command ssh root@ip-of-server It immediately slaps me with this error ssh: connect to host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx port 22: Connection refused Then I tried to access a local server using same command it worked. For further experiment I tried to do ssh [email protected] It displayed the same error Whats wrong here. Any suggestion

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• What is the default file system of /var/run, /var/lock

  - by Casey

  Trying to figure out if my /var/run is using disk or not. See the command output: $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg0-root 40G 15G 26G 36% / none 3.9G 340K 3.9G 1% /dev none 3.9G 1.1M 3.9G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 600K 3.9G 1% /tmp none 3.9G 452K 3.9G 1% /var/run none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /var/lock none 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/md0 236M 59M 165M 27% /boot /dev/mapper/vg0-home 60G 58G 2.3G 97% /home

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• Exalogic 2.0.1 Tea Break Snippets - Creating a ModifyJeOS VirtualBox

  - by The Old Toxophilist

  Following on from my previous blog entry "Modifying the Base Template" I decided to put together a quick blog to show how to create a small VirtualBox, guest, that can be used to execute the ModifyJeOS and hence edit you templates. One of the main advantages of this is that Templates can be created away from the Exalogic Environment. For the Guest OS I chose OEL 6u3 and decided to create it as a basic server because I did not require a graphical interface but it's a simple change to create it with a GUI. Required Software Virtual Box. Oracle Enterprise Linux. Creating the VM I'll assume that the reader is experienced with Virtual Box and installing OEL and hence will make this section brief. Create VirtualBox Guest Create a new VirtualBox Guest and select oracle Linux 64 bit. Follow through the create process and select Dynamic Disk Size and the default 12GB disk size. The actual image will be a lot smaller than this but the OEL install will fail with insufficient disk space if you attempt a smaller size. Once the guest has been created attach the previously downloaded OEL 6u3 iso to the cd drive and start the guest. Install OEL On starting the guest the system will boot off the associated OEL 6u3 iso and take you through the standard installation process. Select all the appropriate information but when you reach the installation type select Basic Server because we do not need that additional packages and only need to access through the command line interface. Complete the installation and reboot the Guest. At this point we now have a basic OEL server running. Installing Guest Add-ons Before we can easily access the Guest we will need to add the VirtualBox guest add-ons. These will provide better keyboard and mouse integration and allow access the shared folders on the host machine. Before we can do this we will need to do the following: Enable Networking. Install additional rpms.  To enable the networking (eth0), that appears to be disabled by default, we can execute: ifup eth0 This will start the eth0 connection but once the Guest is rebooted the network will be down again. To resolve this you will need to edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file and change the ONBOOT parameter to "yes". Now we have enabled the network we will need to install a number of addition rpm. First we will need to configure the yum repository as follows: [ol6_latest] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_ga_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u1_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u2_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u3_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_UEK_latest] name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_UEK_base] name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 Once the repository has been edited we will need to execute the following yum commands: yum update yum install gcc yum install kernel-uek-devel yum install kernel-devel yum install createrepo At this point we now have all the additional packages required to install the VirtualBox Guest Add-ons. So select Devices->InstallGuest Additions on you running guest: This will simply place the VirtualBoxGuestAdditions.iso in the virtual cd and we will need to execute the following before we can run them. mkdir /media/cdrom mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom cd /media/cdrom/ ls ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run This will initiate the install and kernel rebuild. What you will notice is that during the installation a Failed will be displayed but this is simply because we have no graphical components. At this point we the installation will also have added the vboxsf group to the system and to access any shared folders we will create our user will need to be a member of this group an so the next stage is to add the root user to this group as follows: usermod -G vboxsf root cat /etc/group cat /etc/passwd init 0 Now simply shutdown the guest and add the Shared folder within your guests settings. Install ModifyJeOS Once the shared folder has been added restart the guest and change directory into the shared folder (/media/sf_<folder name>). For the next step I am assuming the ModifyJeOS rpms are located in the shared folder. We can simply execute: rpm -ivh ovm-modify-jeos-1.1.0-17.el5.noarch.rpm # Test with modifyjeos Using ModifyJeOS I have a modified MountSystemImg.sh script that should be copied into the /root/bin directory (you may need to create this) and from here it can be executed from any location: MountSystemImg.sh #!/bin/sh # The script assumes it's being run from the directory containing the System.img # Export for later i.e. during unmount export LOOP=`losetup -f` export SYSTEMIMG=/mnt/elsystem export TEMPLATEDIR=`pwd` # Make Temp Mount Directory mkdir -p $SYSTEMIMG # Create Loop for the System Image losetup $LOOP System.img kpartx -a $LOOP mount /dev/mapper/`basename $LOOP`p2 $SYSTEMIMG #Change Dir into mounted Image cd $SYSTEMIMG echo "######################################################################" echo "### ###" echo "### Starting Bash shell for editing. When completed log out to ###" echo "### Unmount the System.img file. ###" echo "### ###" echo "######################################################################" echo bash cd ~ cd $TEMPLATEDIR umount $SYSTEMIMG kpartx -d $LOOP losetup -d $LOOP rm -rf $SYSTEMIMG This script will simple create a mount directory, mount the System.img and then start a new shell in the mounted directory. On exiting the shell it will unmount the System.img. It only requires that you execute the script in the directory containing the System.img. These can be created under the mounted shared directory. In the example below I have extracted the Base template within the shared folder and then renamed it OEL_40GB_ROOT before changing into that directory and executing the script.

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• USB Flash Drive not Detected on 12.10 x64

  - by Falguni Roy

  My Mediatek usb flash drive is not get detected. The o/p of lsusb falguni@falguni-M61PME-S2P:~$ lsusb Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e8d:0003 MediaTek Inc. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub and the o/p of usb-devices falguni@falguni-M61PME-S2P:~$ usb-devices T: Bus=01 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=480 MxCh=10 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0002 Rev=03.05 S: Manufacturer=Linux 3.5.0-18-generic ehci_hcd S: Product=EHCI Host Controller S: SerialNumber=0000:00:02.1 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=0mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub T: Bus=02 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=12 MxCh=10 D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0001 Rev=03.05 S: Manufacturer=Linux 3.5.0-18-generic ohci_hcd S: Product=OHCI Host Controller S: SerialNumber=0000:00:02.0 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=0mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub But in 12.04, the o/p of usb-devices was: falguni@falguni-M61PME-S2P:~$ usb-devices T: Bus=01 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=480 MxCh=10 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0002 Rev=03.05 S: Manufacturer=Linux 3.5.0-18-generic ehci_hcd S: Product=EHCI Host Controller S: SerialNumber=0000:00:02.1 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=0mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub T: Bus=02 Lev=00 Prnt=00 Port=00 Cnt=00 Dev#= 1 Spd=12 MxCh=10 D: Ver= 1.10 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=1d6b ProdID=0001 Rev=03.05 S: Manufacturer=Linux 3.5.0-18-generic ohci_hcd S: Product=OHCI Host Controller S: SerialNumber=0000:00:02.0 C: #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=0mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=09(hub ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=hub T: Bus=02 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=04 Cnt=01 Dev#= 2 Spd=12 MxCh= 0 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=02(commc) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1 P: Vendor=0e8d ProdID=0003 Rev=02.00 S: Manufacturer=MediaTek Inc S: Product=MT6235 C: #Ifs= 2 Cfg#= 1 Atr=80 MxPwr=500mA I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=0a(data ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=cdc_acm I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=02(commc) Sub=02 Prot=01 Driver=cdc_acm It was working fine in 12.04. Now after upgrading to 12.10 the problem started. Where is the problem and how to solve it?

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• APress Deal of the Day 19/Oct/2013 - Software Projects Secrets Why Projects Fail

  - by TATWORTH

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/TATWORTH/archive/2013/10/19/apress-deal-of-the-day-19oct2013---software-projects-secrets.aspxTod\y's $10 deal of the day from APress at http://www.apress.com/9781430251019 is Software Projects Secrets Why Projects Fail "Software Project Secrets: Why Software Projects Fail airs dirty laundry about the software industry—how putting project management's priorities above all else is the root cause of problems in software development projects. This book offers solutions to integrate project management with agile methodologies that really work for software development."

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• Default Wordpress site on IIS

  - by Mike

  We have multiple wordpress installations on our IIS7 (Windows Server 2008) Server as follows: http://www.example.com/site_one http://www.example.com/site_two http://www.example.com/site_three These all work properly. However we would like to configure it so that when users visit the root domain (http://www.example.com/) or any page underneath, ie: http://www.example.com/ http://www.example.com/page1 http://www.example.com/page2 They would actually see the corresponding pages for site_two: http://www.example.com/site_two/ http://www.example.com/site_two/page1 http://www.example.com/site_two/page2 How could we achieve this?

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• Authenticate user that has no password?

  - by Greg Treleaven

  I've set up my user account so that no password is required to login and I need to install some updates. However when prompted for the password, it says authentication failed if I leave the box blank. I don't have a password, how am I supposed to authenticate? EDIT I tried the method in Reset lost administrative(root) password but it came out with an error: Authentication token manipulation error password unchanged. What does this mean?

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• How to boot from a debootstrap based install?

  - by João Pinto

  I would like to boot a testing Ubuntu release from a directory (which contains a debootstrap based install). As far as I understand I just need someway to tell the boot process (initrd scripts?) that it should chroot() into the specified dir immediately after mounting the root partition, and then resume the regular upstart/init start. Could someone provide some instructions on how to achieve this?

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• Adding PostSharp to new projects, when it's installed for some projects in solution.

  - by Michael Freidgeim

  Recently I've posted my experience with installation of PostSharp Once PostSharp  is installed in  solution's packages folder for some project(s), I often need to add PostSharp to another project in the same solutionSection "Adding PostSharp to your project using PostSharp HQ" of documentation described the process quite well.I only want to add that the  actual location of  PostSharp HQ ( if it was installed from NuGet) is[solution root ]packages\PostSharp.2.1.7.15\tools\Release\PostSharp.HQ.exe.Also you need to ensure that the project is checked out,i.e. not readOnly.

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• alias with parameters

  - by dustyprogrammer

  I was recently starting to setup my usual alias. I ended up needing to pass more information than my alias originally needed $ alias runserver = 'python manage.py runserver' $ runserver 80 // turns out you need sudo $ sudo runserver 80 $ sudo: runserver: command not found Now as I was writing this i realized maybe the alias isn't set for root. Could that be it? If not, could someone explain why this doesn't work. Please and thank you

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• How to import or "using" a custom class in Unity script?

  - by Bobbake4

  I have downloaded the JSONObject plugin for parsing JSON in Unity but when I use it in a script I get an error indicating JSONObject cannot be found. My question is how do I use a custom object class defined inside another class. I know I need a using directive to solve this but I am not sure of the path to these custom objects I have imported. They are in the root project folder inside JSONObject folder and class is called JSONObject. Thanks

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• Settings are not being saved

  - by Gavin Panella

  Several weeks ago I updated a Facebook and Google accounts in Empathy to use per-application passwords. However, it forgets these passwords on each reboot and I have to enter them again. However, settings in Edit with Emacs in Chromium do not persist either, so I think this is more than a bug in Empathy. I tried mv ~/.gconf ~/.gconf.bak, but that didn't work. What other common denominators are there that might be at the root of this?

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• disk space error, cant use internet

  - by James

  after trying to install drivers using sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade, im faced with a message saying no space left on device, i ran disk usage analyzer as root and there was three folders namely, main volume, home folder, and my 116gb hard drive (which is practically empty) yet both other folders are full, which is stopping me installing drivers because of space, how do i get ubuntu to use this space on my hard drive? its causing problems because i cant gain access to the internet as i cant download drivers when i havnt got enough space, this happens every time i try it

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• Ubuntu 13.04 boot into black screen, even after installing nvidia drivers, fail at: "Starting Reload cups, upon starting avahi-daemon..."

  - by Elad92

  I got a new machine with i7 4770k and gefore gtx660. I installed windows and then installed Ubuntu 13.04. In the installation everything went well, after the installation I again boot from the USB and choose try ubuntu, and installed boot-repair because windows automatically boot with no option for ubuntu. After I repaired the boot, I restarted and got into grub, when I chose Ubuntu I got message saying I'm running on low graphics mode and when I pressed ok the screen turned off. I couldn't do anything so I restarted and after reading this post: My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it? I got into recovery, selected dpkg and repaired packages. Then I rebooted, and tried to press 'e' and change quiet splash to no splash and nomodeset but unfortunately both of them didn't work, and not the screen didn't get turned off, but I just saw a blank screen. So I rebooted again, entered the recovery, and this time I went to the root shell, and tried to install nvidia drivers from this guide here: http://www.howopensource.com/2012/10/install-nvidia-geforce-driver-in-ubuntu-12-10-12-04-using-ppa/ I rebooted and got the same black screen again (the screen didn't go off, just saw a blank screen). In the grub I see that the kernel is 3.8.0-25. I also checked that the usb files are not corrupted using the check CD from the ubuntu installation screen. I'm really frustrated, I don't know what else can I do. (If someone also knows how can I connect to wifi using the root shell it will be very appreciated, because when I choose the 'enable networking' it again booting me to a black screen. Thanks Edit After digging more, I again boot with nomodeset and saw where is it failing, this is the lines I saw: * Starting Reload cups, upon starting avahi-daemon to make sure remote queues are populated [OK] * Starting Reload cups, upon starting avahi-daemon to make sure remote queues are populated [fail] I searched for it in google and this is the closest result I got: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2144261 i didn't find any way to solve it in the internet, from what I understand this is a problem with 13.04. If someone knows how to fix it I will be very grateful. Thanks Edit 2 - 23.6.13 As Mitch suggested, I disabled the avahi-daemon, and when I boot in nomodeset I get the following error: What else can be the problem?

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• Hard Drive Formatting and Unmounting Errors

  - by Lucas Carther

  I'm trying to format a hard drive using Ubuntu 11.10. Every time that I attempt to format it from the Disk Utility, I get the error saying the device is busy, and under details it says: /dev/sda1 is mounted Then when I try to unmount it from the disk utility, it shows that the operation has failed and says: Error unmounting: umount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with: umount: only root can unmount UUID=70D6-1701 from /boot/efi

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• Copying kernel and initrd problem while setting up a server

  - by user3452627

  I'm trying to set up a server using PXE and following this (clickable) instruction. But I have a problem in part Creating your NFS installation Right here: Copy kernel and initrd to tftp root. Run these commands ON THE SERVER sudo cp ~/vmlinuz-`uname -r` /tftpboot/ sudo cp ~/initrd.img-`uname -r` /tftpboot/ Actually, I don't know which kernel (server's or client's) should be copied. There isn't any files like those in my home folder on server. Can anybody tell me how to fix it?

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• Safety of purchasing country-specific domains from registrars?

  - by Marc Bollinger

  None of the previous questions tackle some of the one-off (or further) countries' registries, beyond .co.uk, .it, et al. or else I'd have found an answer myself. Is it safe to buy a domain from a foreign country TLD from a registrar? http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/ I'm just looking for information for a vanity domain, so obviously I'm alright without an answer, but it's an unasked question (or at least, unanswered), and I'm not exactly in a hurry to give my credit card information over country lines, sight unseen.

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• JGridView (Part 2)

  - by Geertjan

  The second sample in the JGrid download is a picture viewer that needs to be seen to be believed. Here it is, integrated into a NetBeans Platform application (click to enlarge it): When you mouse over the images, they change, showing several different images instantaneously. Here's the explorer view above, mainly making use of code from the sample: public class JGridView extends JScrollPane { @Override public void addNotify() { super.addNotify(); final ExplorerManager em = ExplorerManager.find(this); if (em != null) { final JGrid grid = new JGrid(); Node root = em.getRootContext(); final Node[] nodes = root.getChildren().getNodes(); final PicViewerObject[] pics = new PicViewerObject[nodes.length]; for (int i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { Node node = nodes[i]; pics[i] = node.getLookup().lookup(PicViewerObject.class); } grid.getCellRendererManager().setDefaultRenderer(new PicViewerRenderer()); grid.setModel(new DefaultListModel() { @Override public int getSize() { return pics.length; } @Override public Object getElementAt(int i) { return pics[i]; } }); grid.setFixedCellDimension(160); grid.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseAdapter() { int lastIndex = -1; @Override public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) { if (lastIndex >= 0) { Object o = grid.getModel().getElementAt(lastIndex); if (o instanceof PicViewerObject) { Rectangle r = grid.getCellBounds(lastIndex); if (r != null && !r.contains(e.getPoint())) { ((PicViewerObject) o).setMarker(false); grid.repaint(r); } } } int index = grid.getCellAt(e.getPoint()); if (index >= 0) { Object o = grid.getModel().getElementAt(index); if (o instanceof PicViewerObject) { Rectangle r = grid.getCellBounds(index); if (r != null) { ((PicViewerObject) o).setFraction(((float) e.getPoint().x - (float) r.x) / (float) r.width); ((PicViewerObject) o).setMarker(true); lastIndex = index; grid.repaint(r); } } } } }); grid.getSelectionModel().addListSelectionListener(new ListSelectionListener() { @Override public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e) { //Somehow compare the selected item //with the list of books and find a matching book: int selectedIndex = grid.getSelectedIndex(); for (int i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) { int picId = pics[i].getId(); if (selectedIndex == picId) { try { em.setSelectedNodes(new Node[]{nodes[i]}); } catch (PropertyVetoException ex) { Exceptions.printStackTrace(ex); } } } } }); setViewportView(grid); } } } The next step is to create a generic JGridView that will handle any kind of object automatically.

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• Is there a way of listing files for a directory if it contains index.html?

  - by fredley

  On my server (over which I have little control), directories are listed by default, so for mysite.com/images I get: Index of /images Parent Directory BirdsAreHere.png CanYouSpot-AdBlank.jpg etc. Is putting an index.html in that directory enough to prevent people listing the files, or is there still a way of getting at that list? Is it the same for my web root directory (mysite.com)?

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• Creating an Alternate Install CD with pre installed users

  - by juzerali

  I want to create my own customized Ubuntu derivative and this question already gave me a very good start. My requirements are quite specific I want to roll out a CD with Set of users who are supposed to run them (root, admin, guest) pre-installed With their passwords already set Installation not asking for creating users on booting or during OS installation Autologin to guest user Is this even possible? Thanks to the community in advance :)

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• freetds ./configure unrecognized option --prefix

  - by jdog

  I'm trying to compile freetds according to these instructions: http://www.mavrick.id.au/2012/php-5-3-6-mssql-freetds/ However configure is failing. My command is: ./configure --enable-msdblib -–prefix=/usr/local/freetds I'm getting configure: error: unrecognized option: `-–prefix=/usr/local/freetds' Try `./configure --help' for more information. for all command line options, even --help I have build-essentials, gcc and make installed. I also tried sudo, even though I am logged in as root. It seems to me something is still missing?

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• Grub rescue - error: unknown filesystem

  - by user53817

  I have a multiboot system set up. The system has three drives. Multiboot is configured with Windows XP, Windows 7, and Ubuntu - all on the first drive. I had a lot of unpartitioned space left on the drive and was reserving it for adding other OSes and for storing files there in the future. One day I went ahead and downloaded Partition Wizard and created a logical NTFS partition from within Windows 7, still some unpartitioned space left over. Everything worked fine, until I rebooted the computer a few days later. Now I'm getting: error: unknown filesystem. grub rescue First of all I was surprised not to find any kind of help command, by trying: help, ?, man, --help, -h, bash, cmd, etc. Now I'm stuck with non-bootable system. I have started researching the issue and finding that people usually recommend to boot to a Live CD and fix the issue from there. Is there a way to fix this issue from within grub rescue without the need for Live CD? UPDATE By following the steps from persist commands typed to grub rescue, I was able to boot to initramfs prompt. But not anywhere further than that. So far from reading the manual on grub rescue, I was able to see my drives and partitions using ls command. For the first hard drive I see the following: (hd0) (hd0,msdos6) (hd0,msdos5) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) I now know that (hd0,msdos6) contains Linux on it, since ls (hd0,msdos6)/ lists directories. Others will give "error: unknown filesystem." UPDATE 2 After the following commands I am now getting to the boot menu and can boot into Windows 7 and Ubuntu, but upon reboot I have to repeat these steps. ls ls (hd0,msdos6)/ set root=(hd0,msdos6) ls / set prefix=(hd0,msdos6)/boot/grub insmod /boot/grub/linux.mod normal UPDATE 3 Thanks Shashank Singh, with your instructions I have simplified my steps to the following. I have learned from you that I can replace msdos6 with just a 6 and that I can just do insmod normal instead of insmod /boot/grub/linux.mod. Now I just need to figure out how to save this settings from within grub itself, without booting into any OS. set root=(hd0,6) set prefix=(hd0,6)/boot/grub insmod normal normal UPDATE 4 Well, it seems like it is a requirement to boot into Linux. After booting into Ubuntu I have performed the following steps described in the manual: sudo update-grub udo grub-install /dev/sda This did not resolve the issue. I still get the grub rescue prompt. What do I need to do to permanently fix it? I have also learned that drive numbers as in hd0 need to be translated to drive letters as in /dev/sda for some commands. hd1 would be sdb, hd2 would be sdc, and so on. Partitions listed in grub as (hd0,msdos6) would be translated to /dev/sda6.

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• Wireless networks are not detected at start up in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Kanhaiya Mishra

  I have recently (three four days ago) installed Ubuntu 12.04 via windows installer i.e. wubi.exe. After the installation completed wireless and Ethernet were both working well. But after restart wireless networks didn't show up while in the network manager both networking and wireless were enabled. Though sometimes after boot it did show the networks available but very rarely. So I went through various posts regarding wireless issues in Ubuntu 12.04 and tried so many things but ended up in nothing satisfactory. I have Broadcom 4313 LAN network controller and brcmsmac driver. Then relying on some suggestions I tried to install bcm-wl driver but couldn't install due to some error in jockeyl.log file. Then i tried fresh installation of the same driver but still could resolve the startup issues with wireless. Then again I reinstalled Ubuntu inside windows using wubi installer. This time again same problem occurred after boot. But this time I successfully installed wl driver before disturbing file-system files of Ubuntu. But again the same issue. This time I noticed some new things: If I inserted Ethernet/LAN cable before startup then wireless networks are available and of course LAN(wired) networks also work. but if i don't plug in cable before startup and then plug it after startup then it didn't detect Ethernet network neither wireless. So I haven't noticed it before that LAN along with wifi also doesn't work after startup. But if i suspend the session and make it sleep and again login then it worked. I tried it every time that WLAN worked perfectly. But still i m unable to resolve that startup problem. Each time i boot first I have to suspend it once then only networks are available. It irritates me each time i reboot/boot my lappy. So please help out of this problem. Any ideas/help regarding this issue would be highly appreciated. Some of the commands that i run gave following results: # lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 12) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 12) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller (rev 06) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 06) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 06) 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 06) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev 06) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 06) 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev a6) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 6 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller (rev 06) 00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem (rev 06) 03:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller (rev 01) 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8152 v1.1 Fast Ethernet (rev c1) ff:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers (rev 02) ff:00.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder (rev 02) ff:02.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 (rev 02) ff:02.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Physical 0 (rev 02) ff:02.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02) ff:02.3 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02) # sudo lshw -C network *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 70:f1:a1:49:b6:ab width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.38 ip=192.168.1.7 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11 resources: irq:17 memory:f0500000-f0503fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8152 v1.1 Fast Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c1 serial: b8:ac:6f:6b:f7:4a capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:44 memory:f0400000-f043ffff ioport:2000(size=128) # lsmod | grep wl wl 2568210 0 lib80211 14381 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl # sudo iwlist eth1 scanning eth1 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: 30:46:9A:85:DA:9A ESSID:"BH DASHIR 2" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:4/5 Signal level:-60 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD7F0050F204104A00011010440001021041000100103B000103104700109AFE7D908F8E2D381860668BA2E8D8771021000D4E4554474541522C20496E632E10230009574752363134763130102400095747523631347631301042000538333235381054000800060050F204000110110009574752363134763130100800020084 Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 02 - Address: C0:3F:0E:EB:45:14 ESSID:"BH DASHIR 3" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-71 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD7F0050F204104A00011010440001021041000100103B00010310470010F3C9BBE499D140540F530E7EBEDE2F671021000D4E4554474541522C20496E632E10230009574752363134763130102400095747523631347631301042000538333235381054000800060050F204000110110009574752363134763130100800020084 Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 03 - Address: A0:21:B7:A8:2F:C0 ESSID:"BH DASHIR 4" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3) Quality:1/5 Signal level:-86 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DD8B0050F204104A0001101044000102103B0001031047001000000000000010000000A021B7A82FC01021000D4E6574676561722C20496E632E10230009574E523130303076321024000456324831104200046E6F6E651054000800060050F20400011011001B574E5231303030763228576972656C6573732041502D322E344729100800020086103C000103 Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s

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• How to mount ext4 partition?

  - by Flint

  How do I mount an ext4 partition as my user account so I wouldn't require root access to r/w on it? I used -o uid=flint,gid=flint on the mount command but I keep getting mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda7, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Another thing, I want avoid using udisks for now as it doesn't let me mount to my specified mount point name.

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• Troubleshooting SSL in IIS

  - by The Official Microsoft IIS Site

  Terri Donahue @ OrcsWeb was helping a client with an SSL problem recently and wrote up this nice guest post below to help anyone else who may be in a similar troubleshooting situation. ------------------------------------------------------------- I encountered a very interesting SSL issue while resolving a problem for a client this week. An SSL certificate was installed on a 3 node web farm but only worked on the initial node where the certificate was installed. All intermediate and root certificates...(read more)

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