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• Why does installing Grub2 give an "ISO9660: filesystem destruction..." warning?

  - by Ettore

  I have installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my computer, but at the end of the installation it gave me an error and it didn't install grub2. Now I'm trying to install it using the live cd: This is my sudo fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x6af447e6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 781459455 390728704 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 781459456 789272575 3906560 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 789272576 976773119 93750272 83 Linux After mounting and chroot the linux partiton, I give grub-install /dev/sda command, and I get: /usr/sbin/grub-setup: error: hd0 appears to contain a iso9660 filesystem which isn't known to reserve space for DOS-style boot. Installing GRUB there could result in FILESYSTEM DESTRUCTION if valuable data is overwritten by grub-setup (--skip-fs-probe disables this check, use at your own risk). (same error even with grub-install --recheck /dev/sda) What can I do? I also tried boot-repair, but I get this error: http://paste.ubuntu.com/1069353/

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• Failed to allocate memory - What is it trying to say?

  - by asprin

  In my early days of programming I often used to get memory related fatal errors in the following format: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of <some big number> bytes exhausted (tried to allocate <some small number> bytes) in /path/to/filename.php on line <some line number> I'm a little embarrassed to state that even though I have figured out how to solve them and take steps to avoid them altogether, I'm still not quite sure what exactly does the message translate to in simple words. For example, if I get a message such as: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 67108864 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 4000 bytes) in ........ on line 34 As things stand at the moment, I assume it to be stating that the script consumes 67108864 bytes of data, but only 4000 bytes are available during runtime. Am I right in my assumption? If not, what's the correct interpretation?

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• Clean install of 12.04 won't boot from HDD

  - by MarchingKazoo

  Downloaded 12.04.2. Made CD. Machine boots from CD as expected. Installed onto HD. Upon reboot, "Read error" message appears. Upon booting from CD, the HD appears as expected: One partition for Ubuntu, taking up about 12 gig, the rest empty. Lather, rinse, repeat five times. Results of "sudo fdisk -l": Disk /dev/sda: 200.0 GB, 200049647616 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24321 cylinders, total 390721968 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000dfa3e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 386596863 193297408 83 Linux /dev/sda2 386598910 390721535 2061313 5 Extended /dev/sda5 386598912 390721535 2061312 82 Linux swap / Solaris Should this be complicate? Seems no.

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• iptables rule(s) to send openvpn traffic from clients over an sshuttle tunnel?

  - by Sam Martin

  I have an Ubuntu 12.04 box with OpenVPN. The VPN is working as expected -- clients can connect, browse the Web, etc. The OpenVPN server IP is 10.8.0.1 on tun0. On that same box, I can use sshuttle to tunnel into another network to access a Web server on 10.10.0.9. sshuttle does its magic using the following iptables commands: iptables -t nat -N sshuttle-12300 iptables -t nat -F sshuttle-12300 iptables -t nat -I OUTPUT 1 -j sshuttle-12300 iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING 1 -j sshuttle-12300 iptables -t nat -A sshuttle-12300 -j REDIRECT --dest 10.10.0.0/24 -p tcp --to-ports 12300 -m ttl ! --ttl 42 iptables -t nat -A sshuttle-12300 -j RETURN --dest 127.0.0.0/8 -p tcp Is it possible to forward traffic from OpenVPN clients over the sshuttle tunnel to the remote Web server? I'd ultimately like to be able to set up any complicated tunneling on the server, and have relatively "dumb" clients (iPad, etc.) be able to access the remote servers via OpenVPN. Below is a basic diagram of the scenario: [Edit: added output from the OpenVPN box] $ sudo iptables -nL -v -t nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 1498 packets, 252K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1512 253K sshuttle-12300 all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 322 packets, 58984 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 584 packets, 43241 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 587 43421 sshuttle-12300 all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 589 packets, 43595 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1175 76298 MASQUERADE all -- * eth0 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 Chain sshuttle-12300 (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 17 1076 REDIRECT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 10.10.0.0/24 TTL match TTL != 42 redir ports 12300 0 0 RETURN tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 127.0.0.0/8 $ sudo iptables -nL -v -t filter Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 97493 packets, 30M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 131K 109M ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 1370 89160 ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable [Edit 2: more OpenVPN server output] $ netstat -r Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.2 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 [Edit 3: still more debug output] IP forwarding appears to be enabled correctly on the OpenVPN server: # find /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/ -name forwarding -ls -execdir cat {} \; 18926 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 5 13:31 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding 1 18954 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 5 13:31 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/default/forwarding 1 18978 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 5 13:31 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/forwarding 1 19003 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 5 13:31 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/forwarding 1 19028 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 5 13:31 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/tun0/forwarding 1 Client routing table: $ netstat -r Routing tables Internet: Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Netif Expire 0/1 10.8.0.5 UGSc 8 48 tun0 default 192.168.1.1 UGSc 2 1652 en1 10.8.0.1/32 10.8.0.5 UGSc 1 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 UHr 13 0 tun0 10.10.0/24 10.8.0.5 UGSc 0 0 tun0 <snip> Traceroute from client: $ traceroute 10.10.0.9 traceroute to 10.10.0.9 (10.10.0.9), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets 1 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 5.403 ms 1.173 ms 1.086 ms 2 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 4.693 ms 2.110 ms 1.990 ms 3 l100.my-verizon-garbage (client-ext-ip) 7.453 ms 7.089 ms 6.248 ms 4 * * * 5 10.10.0.9 (10.10.0.9) 14.915 ms !N * 6.620 ms !N

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• Gateway on a virtual network interface used by LXC guests

  - by linkdd

  I'm currently having some problems with configuring a gateway for a virtual network interface. Here is what I've done : I created a virtual network interface : # brctl addbr lxc0 # brctl setfd lxc0 0 # ifconfig lxc0 192.168.0.1 promisc up # route add -net default gw 192.168.0.1 lxc0 The output of ifconfig gave me what I wanted : lxc0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 22:4f:e4:40:89:bb inet adr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Masque:255.255.255.0 adr inet6: fe80::88cf:d4ff:fe47:3b6b/64 Scope:Lien UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:623 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7412 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 lg file transmission:0 RX bytes:50329 (49.1 KiB) TX bytes:335738 (327.8 KiB) I configured dnsmasq to provide a DNS server (using the default : 192.168.1.1) and a DHCP server. Then, my LXC guest is configured like this : lxc.network.type=veth lxc.network.link=lxc0 lxc.network.flags=up Every thing is working perfectly, my containers have an IP (192.168.0.57 and 192.168.0.98). I can ping the host and the containers from the containers and from the host : (host)# ping -c 3 192.168.0.114 PING 192.168.0.114 (192.168.0.114) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.114: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.114: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.114: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms --- 192.168.0.114 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.038/0.041/0.044/0.007 ms (guest)# ping -c 3 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.042/0.044/0.048/0.003 ms Now, it's time to configure the host as a gateway for the network 192.168.0.0/24 : #!/bin/sh # Clear rules iptables -F iptables -t nat -F iptables -t mangle -F iptables -X iptables -A FORWARD -i lxc0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o lxc0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward The final test failed completely, ping the outside : (guest)# ping -c 3 google.fr PING google.fr (173.194.67.94) 56(84) bytes of data. From 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=3 Redirect Host(New nexthop: wi-in-f94.1e100.net (173.194.67.94)) From 192.168.0.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 192.168.0.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable --- google.fr ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2017ms Did I missed something ?

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• How to connect to a Virtualbox guest from the host when network cable unplugged

  - by Greg K

  I'd like to work offline (I'm flying to the US twice this month), to do this I need access to a linux development server. When I work from home I boot a VirtualBox VM and that acts as my dev server for the day (providing Apache, PHP & MySQL to run my server side code). However, I'd like to work with my VM when I'm not connected to a network. I have my Ubuntu VM guest set up with a bridge connection so it can serve HTTP and provide SSH access from inside my local network. I've tried to manually configure my network settings on both Mac OSX (the host) and Ubuntu (the guest) but I can't even ping my own NIC address (127.0.0.1 can, 192.168.21.x I can't) in OS X when I unplug the cable. Manual network settings: $ ifconfig en0 en0: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx inet 192.168.21.5 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.21.255 media: autoselect (100baseTX <full-duplex,flow-control>) status: active I can ping localhost fine, as well as my VM (.20) and SSH too. $ ping 192.168.21.5 PING 192.168.21.5 (192.168.21.5): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.21.5: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.21.5: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.102 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.21.5: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.100 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.21.5: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.094 ms $ ping 192.168.21.20 PING 192.168.21.20 (192.168.21.20): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.21.20: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.910 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.21.20: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.181 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.21.20: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.159 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.21.20: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.320 ms Network cable unplugged: $ ifconfig en0 en0: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx media: autoselect status: inactive $ ping 192.168.21.5 PING 192.168.21.5 (192.168.21.5): 56 data bytes ping: sendto: No route to host ping: sendto: No route to host Request timeout for icmp_seq 0 ping: sendto: No route to host Request timeout for icmp_seq 1 Does OS X disable the NIC when the network cable is unplugged? Any way to stop it doing this?

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• Fatal error: Out of memory (allocated ...) (tried to allocate ... bytes) not due to memory_limit setting

  - by Lorenz Meyer

  Since a few days, I get the following error on my server: Fatal error: Out of memory (allocated 262144) (tried to allocate 393216 bytes) Usually this error is due to a memory consumption that is exceeding the configured memory_limit, but in my case there is no relation. The memory_limit is set to 128MB, and in this case, we not even reach 1MB. Also the server does not have a big load, in fact it is an intranet server, and there are just a few people conected to it. System: Windows Server 2003, 1Go RAM, only 600 MB used. Apache 2.2.4 PHP 5.2.3 This error is appearing randomly. The memory limit reached also is randomly between a few kB to a few MB. Sometimes restarting Apache is required to get rid of the error, sometimes it disapears itself. Restarting Apache or the entire server helps temporarily. Where could this problem come from ? How could I narrow down the error source ?

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• In Varnish, is it normal for the number of freed bytes to be 60% of those allocated?

  - by user331397

  I have an installation of Varnish 3.02 on an Amazon EC2 Medium Linux instance in front of two relatively low-traffic websites. After an uptime of 2 hours, there are 3400 objects in the cache. Using varnishstat, I checked the variables SMA.s0.c_bytes and SMA.s0.c_freed, which I assume correspond to the total number of bytes allocated since startup and the number freed, respectively. No objects should have had time to expire during these two hours, but still about 60% of the memory allocated since startup (330MB out of 560MB) has already been freed. Do you know if this is normal? If not, do you know what kind of configuration could be wrong?

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• Linux: Limiting data throughput (pipe) in bytes per second?

  - by sdaau

  Hi all, I was wandering if there is a Linux program that can limit data throughput of a pipe - in actual bytes per second?. From what I gather, applicable for the purposes would be bfr, however, it has been removed from Debian (Removal candidate: bfr) cpipe, however, it seems the lowest resolution it will support is kB/s, meaning that buffer writes can still reach MB/s ([SOLVED] Is there a program to limit terminal pipe speed? - Page 2 - Ubuntu Forums) What I'd want is to be able to specify something like cat example.txt | ratelimit -Bps 100 > /dev/ttyUSB0 ... and actually have a single byte from example.txt sent each 1/100 = 0.01 sec (or 10 ms) to 'output'.. Thanks in advance for any suggestions, Cheers!

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• why gcc 4.x default reserve 8 bytes for stack on linux when calling a method?

  - by nikcname

  as a beginner of asm, I am checking gcc -S generated asm code to learn. why gcc 4.x default reserve 8 bytes for stack when calling a method? func18 is the empty function with no return no param no local var defined. I can't figure out why 8 bytes is reserved here (neither any forum/site mention for the reason, ppl seems take it for granted) is it for the %ebp just push? or return type?! many thx! .globl _func18 _func18: pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp subl $8, %esp .text

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• why gcc 4.x default reserve 8 bytes for stack on linux when calling a method?

  - by nikcname

  as a beginner of asm, I am checking gcc -S generated asm code to learn. why gcc 4.x default reserve 8 bytes for stack when calling a method? func18 is the empty function with no return no param no local var defined. I can't figure out why 8 bytes is reserved here (neither any forum/site mention for the reason, ppl seems take it for granted) is it for the %ebp just push? or return type?! many thx! .globl _func18 _func18: pushl %ebp movl %esp, %ebp subl $8, %esp .text

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• How can I encode four unsigned bytes (0-255) to a float and back again using HLSL?

  - by Statement

  Hello! I am facing a task where one of my hlsl shaders require multiple texture lookups per pixel. My 2d textures are fixed to 256*256, so two bytes should be sufficient to address any given texel given this constraint. My idea is then to put two xy-coordinates in each float, giving me eight xy-coordinates in pixel space when packed in a Vector4 format image. These eight coordinates are then used to sample another texture(s). The reason for doing this is to save graphics memory and an attempt to optimize processing time, since then I don't require multiple texture lookups. By the way: Does anyone know if encoding/decoding 16 bytes from/to 4 floats using 1 sampling is slower than 4 samplings with unencoded data?

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• Why does an EXE file that does *nothing* contain so many dummy zero bytes?

  - by Lambert

  Hi, I've compiled a C file that does absolutely nothing (just a main that returns... not even a "Hello, world" gets printed), and I've compiled it with various compilers (MinGW GCC, Visual C++, Windows DDK, etc.). All of them link with the C runtime, which is standard. But what I don't get is: When I open up the file in a hex editor (or a disassembler), why do I see that almost half of the 16 KB is just huge sections of either 0x00 bytes or 0xCC bytes? It seems rather ridiculous to me... is there any way to prevent these from occurring? And why are they there in the first place? Thank you!

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• Reading bytes from a text file that has the form of machine code in C?

  - by rashid

  I have a text file with machine code in this form: B2 0A 05 B2 1A 01 B3 08 00 17 B2 09 18 where an instruction has this format: OP Mode Operand Note: Operand could be 1 or 2 bytes. Where:(example) OP = B2 Mode = 0A Operand = 05 How can I read the bytes in a variable? As shown in the above example. When i read the file I get individual characters. I have an array of pointers where I read individual line, but still cannot solve the problem of reading a byte. Any ideas,suggestions. I hope I am not confusing anyone here. Thank you.

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• How do I make rsync also check ctime?

  - by Benoît

  rsync detects files modification by comparing size and mtime. However, if for any reason, the mtime is unchanged, rsync won't detect the change, although it's possible to spot it by looking at the ctime. Of course, I can tell rsync do compare the whole files' contents, but that's very very expensive. Is there a way to make rsync smarter, for example by checking mtime+size are the same AND that ctime isn't newer than mtime (on both source and destination) ? Or should I open a feature request ? Here's an example: Create 2 files, same content and atime/mtime benoit@debian:~$ mkdir d1 && cd d1 benoit@debian:~/d1$ echo Hello > a benoit@debian:~/d1$ cp -a a b Rsync them to another (non-exisiting) directory: benoit@debian:~/d1$ cd .. benoit@debian:~$ rsync -av d1/ d2 sending incremental file list created directory d2 ./ a b sent 164 bytes received 53 bytes 434.00 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.06 OK, everything is synced benoit@debian:~$ grep . d*/* d1/a:Hello d1/b:Hello d2/a:Hello d2/b:Hello Update file 'b', same size and then reset its atime/mtime benoit@debian:~$ echo World > d1/b benoit@debian:~$ touch -r d1/a d1/b Attempt to rsync again: benoit@debian:~$ rsync -av d1/ d2 sending incremental file list sent 63 bytes received 12 bytes 150.00 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.16 Nope, rsync missed the change. benoit@debian:~$ grep . d*/* d1/a:Hello d1/b:World d2/a:Hello d2/b:Hello Tell rsync the compare the file content benoit@debian:~$ rsync -acv d1/ d2 sending incremental file list b sent 144 bytes received 31 bytes 350.00 bytes/sec total size is 12 speedup is 0.07 Gives the correct result: benoit@debian:~$ grep . d*/* d1/a:Hello d1/b:World d2/a:Hello d2/b:World

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• NumLock is so weired in Ubuntu

  - by ???

  The NumLock and the keypad is so weired in Ubuntu. I have two computers, A is a desktop, with USB keyboard, B is a laptop, with laptop keyboard and another USB keyboard. On the desktop A, whether the NumLock is on or off, the number keys on the keypad just don't work. Also the NumLock LED is always off. The logs shown in xev: KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x6800001, root 0xb0, subw 0x0, time 9541332, (172,-12), root:(1846,452), state 0x0, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x6800001, root 0xb0, subw 0x0, time 9541412, (172,-12), root:(1846,452), state 0x0, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False And on the laptop B, I found that, when the NumLock is on, then many key combinations won't work. For example, generally Ctrl-A is used to select all, but it won't work when NumLock is on. The logs shown in xev: (no log when pressed Fn+NumLock on the laptop keyboard) Logs when pressed the NumLock on the USB keyboard: (Switch On) KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22187595, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x10, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False PropertyNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, atom 0x1b8 (XKLAVIER_STATE), time 22187601, state PropertyNewValue KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22187723, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x10, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False (Switch Off) KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22187899, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x0, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False PropertyNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, atom 0x1b8 (XKLAVIER_STATE), time 22187904, state PropertyNewValue KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22188003, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x10, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False

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• How to make NumLock behavior just like in Windows?

  - by ???

  The NumLock and the keypad is so weired in Ubuntu. I have two computers, A is a desktop, with USB keyboard, B is a laptop, with laptop keyboard and another USB keyboard. On the desktop A, whether the NumLock is on or off, the number keys on the keypad just don't work. Also the NumLock LED is always off. The logs shown in xev: KeyPress event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x6800001, root 0xb0, subw 0x0, time 9541332, (172,-12), root:(1846,452), state 0x0, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False KeyRelease event, serial 36, synthetic NO, window 0x6800001, root 0xb0, subw 0x0, time 9541412, (172,-12), root:(1846,452), state 0x0, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False And on the laptop B, I found that, when the NumLock is on, then many key combinations won't work. For example, generally Ctrl-A is used to select all, but it won't work when NumLock is on. The logs shown in xev: (no log when pressed Fn+NumLock on the laptop keyboard) Logs when pressed the NumLock on the USB keyboard: (Switch On) KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22187595, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x10, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False PropertyNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, atom 0x1b8 (XKLAVIER_STATE), time 22187601, state PropertyNewValue KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22187723, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x10, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False (Switch Off) KeyPress event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22187899, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x0, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False PropertyNotify event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, atom 0x1b8 (XKLAVIER_STATE), time 22187904, state PropertyNewValue KeyRelease event, serial 40, synthetic NO, window 0xb600001, root 0xac, subw 0x0, time 22188003, (102,107), root:(1198,133), state 0x10, keycode 77 (keysym 0xff7f, Num_Lock), same_screen YES, XLookupString gives 0 bytes: XFilterEvent returns: False

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• configuring vsftpd anonymous upload. Creates files but freezes at 0 bytes

  - by Wayne

  vsftpd on ubuntu after sudo apt-get install vsftpd Then did configuration as in the attached /etc/vsftpd.conf file. Anonymous ftp allows cd to the upload directly and allows put myfile.txt which gets created on the server but then the client hangs and never proceeds. The file on the server remains at 0 bytes. Here's the folders and permissions: root@support:/home/ftp# ls -ld . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 22 00:00 . root@support:/home/ftp# ls -ld pub drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 21 23:59 pub root@support:/home/ftp# ls -ld pub/upload drwxr-xr-x 2 ftp ftp 4096 Jun 22 00:06 pub/upload root@support:/home/ftp# Here's the vsftpd.conf file: root@support:/home/ftp# grep -v '#' /etc/vsftpd.conf listen=YES anonymous_enable=YES write_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES dirmessage_enable=YES xferlog_enable=YES anon_root=/home/ftp/pub/ connect_from_port_20=YES chown_uploads=YES chown_username=ftp nopriv_user=ftp secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd pam_service_name=vsftpd rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key Here's a file example that attempted to upload: root@support:/home/ftp/pub/upload# ls -l total 0 -rw------- 1 ftp nogroup 0 Jun 22 00:06 build.out This is the client attempting to upload...it is frozen at this point: $ ftp 173.203.89.78 Connected to 173.203.89.78. 220 (vsFTPd 2.0.6) User (173.203.89.78:(none)): ftp 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. ftp> put build.out 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 553 Could not create file. ftp> cd upload 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> put build.out 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Ok to send data.

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• 12.04lts: no network internet

  - by dgermann

  Friends-- Cannot connect reliably to ethernet nor at all to Internet: Symptoms: About 2 weeks ago did an upgrade. Have not been able to connect to ethernet nor Internet. Today, for example, boot up this System76 laptop and there was no network connection. Did sudo mount -a and got some internal network connectivity: doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping earth PING earth (192.168.0.201) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from earth (192.168.0.201): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms 64 bytes from earth (192.168.0.201): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.177 ms 64 bytes from earth (192.168.0.201): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.159 ms ^C --- earth ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.159/0.165/0.177/0.013 ms doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping doug2 PING doug (192.168.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- doug ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1999ms doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping sharon PING sharon (192.168.0.111) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from sharon (192.168.0.111): icmp_req=1 ttl=128 time=0.276 ms ^C --- sharon ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 1 received, 83% packet loss, time 5031ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.276/0.276/0.276/0.000 ms doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping 192.168.0.1 PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics --- 6 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 4999ms doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping earth PING earth (192.168.0.201) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- earth ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 4032ms doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping yahoo.com ping: unknown host yahoo.com doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping ubuntu.com ping: unknown host ubuntu.com doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 14 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 13103ms Note that earth is the cifs server, and one time pinging it worked, later failed. Clues: doug@ubuntu:/sam$ grep -i eth /var/log/syslog |tail Aug 23 15:32:46 ubuntu kernel: [ 5328.070401] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:32:48 ubuntu kernel: [ 5330.651139] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=19090 PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:34:51 ubuntu kernel: [ 5453.072279] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:34:55 ubuntu kernel: [ 5457.085433] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16137 PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:36:56 ubuntu kernel: [ 5578.074492] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:37:00 ubuntu kernel: [ 5582.359006] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16150 PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:39:01 ubuntu kernel: [ 5703.074410] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:39:03 ubuntu kernel: [ 5705.070122] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16163 PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:41:06 ubuntu kernel: [ 5828.074387] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 Aug 23 15:41:13 ubuntu kernel: [ 5835.319941] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=23298 PROTO=2 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr [BLANKED] inet addr:192.168.0.7 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21b:fcff:fe29:9dfc/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:3961 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2007 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:991204 (991.2 KB) TX bytes:252908 (252.9 KB) Interrupt:16 Base address:0xec00 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:2190 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2190 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:168052 (168.0 KB) TX bytes:168052 (168.0 KB) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:19:d2:72:5a:0c UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) doug@ubuntu:/sam$ iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. wlan0 IEEE 802.11abg ESSID:off/any Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=15 dBm Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off eth0 no wireless extensions. doug@ubuntu:/sam$ lsmod Module Size Used by des_generic 21191 0 md4 12523 0 nls_iso8859_1 12617 1 nls_cp437 12751 1 vfat 17308 1 fat 55605 1 vfat usb_storage 39646 1 dm_crypt 22528 1 joydev 17393 0 snd_hda_codec_analog 75395 1 snd_hda_intel 32719 2 pcmcia 39826 0 snd_hda_codec 109562 2 snd_hda_codec_analog,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec ip6t_LOG 16846 4 xt_hl 12465 6 ip6t_rt 12473 3 snd_pcm 80916 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec nf_conntrack_ipv6 13581 7 nf_defrag_ipv6 13175 1 nf_conntrack_ipv6 ipt_REJECT 12512 1 ipt_LOG 12783 5 xt_limit 12541 12 xt_tcpudp 12531 21 xt_addrtype 12596 4 snd_seq_midi 13132 0 xt_state 12514 14 ip6table_filter 12711 1 ip6_tables 22528 3 ip6t_LOG,ip6t_rt,ip6table_filter nf_conntrack_netbios_ns 12585 0 nf_conntrack_broadcast 12541 1 nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_nat_ftp 12595 0 nf_nat 24959 1 nf_nat_ftp nf_conntrack_ipv4 19084 9 nf_nat nf_defrag_ipv4 12649 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack_ftp 13183 1 nf_nat_ftp nf_conntrack 73847 8 nf_conntrack_ipv6,xt_state,nf_conntrack_netbios_ns,nf_conntrack_broadcast,nf_nat_ftp,nf_nat,nf_conntrack_ipv4,nf_conntrack_ftp iptable_filter 12706 1 ip_tables 18106 1 iptable_filter snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi psmouse 86982 0 x_tables 22011 13 ip6t_LOG,xt_hl,ip6t_rt,ipt_REJECT,ipt_LOG,xt_limit,xt_tcpudp,xt_addrtype,xt_state,ip6table_filter,ip6_tables,iptable_filter,ip_tables arc4 12473 2 r592 17808 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi memstick 15857 1 r592 yenta_socket 27465 0 serio_raw 13027 0 pcmcia_rsrc 18367 1 yenta_socket iwl3945 73186 0 pcmcia_core 21511 3 pcmcia,yenta_socket,pcmcia_rsrc iwl_legacy 71334 1 iwl3945 snd_seq 51592 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event mac80211 436493 2 iwl3945,iwl_legacy snd_timer 28931 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14172 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq rfcomm 38139 0 bnep 17830 2 parport_pc 32114 0 bluetooth 158447 10 rfcomm,bnep ppdev 12849 0 cfg80211 178877 3 iwl3945,iwl_legacy,mac80211 asus_laptop 23693 0 sparse_keymap 13658 1 asus_laptop input_polldev 13648 1 asus_laptop nls_utf8 12493 6 cifs 258037 10 snd 62218 13 snd_hda_codec_analog,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device soundcore 14635 1 snd mac_hid 13077 0 snd_page_alloc 14108 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm lp 17455 0 parport 40930 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp i915 428418 3 firewire_ohci 40172 0 sdhci_pci 18324 0 sdhci 28241 1 sdhci_pci firewire_core 56940 1 firewire_ohci crc_itu_t 12627 1 firewire_core r8169 56396 0 drm_kms_helper 45466 1 i915 drm 197641 4 i915,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 13199 1 i915 video 19115 1 i915 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ dmesg |grep eth [ 0.116936] i2c-core: driver [aat2870] using legacy suspend method [ 0.116939] i2c-core: driver [aat2870] using legacy resume method [ 1.453811] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: RTL8169sb/8110sb at 0xf840ec00, [BLANKED], XID 10000000 IRQ 16 [ 1.453815] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: jumbo features [frames: 7152 bytes, tx checksumming: ok] [ 25.681231] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 154.037318] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 154.037329] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 154.037596] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 155.583162] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link up [ 155.583366] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready [ 156.637048] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 156.637066] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 156.637339] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 156.773699] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 156.773983] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 158.456181] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link up [ 158.456378] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready [ 159.364468] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 162.384496] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=38877 PROTO=2 [ 166.272457] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 166.422333] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=40695 PROTO=2 [ 168.736049] eth0: no IPv6 routers present [ 183.572472] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 183.572490] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link down [ 183.572934] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready [ 185.204801] r8169 0000:03:07.0: eth0: link up [ 185.205005] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready [ 3620.680451] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 3621.068431] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 3624.912973] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=9118 PROTO=2 [ 3631.088069] eth0: no IPv6 routers present [ 3703.062980] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 3703.465330] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=9210 PROTO=2 [ 3828.062951] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 3833.617772] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=9749 PROTO=2 [ 3953.062920] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 3955.675129] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=15983 PROTO=2 [ 4078.062922] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4078.386319] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=15997 PROTO=2 [ 4203.062899] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4203.559241] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16011 PROTO=2 [ 4328.062833] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4328.930922] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16027 PROTO=2 [ 4453.062811] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4453.950224] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16039 PROTO=2 [ 4578.062742] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4580.626432] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=13738 PROTO=2 [ 4703.062704] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4706.310170] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=15942 PROTO=2 [ 4828.062707] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4832.174324] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16505 PROTO=2 [ 4953.062628] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 4961.469282] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16090 PROTO=2 [ 5078.062552] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5080.776462] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=17239 PROTO=2 [ 5203.070394] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5205.358134] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=17665 PROTO=2 [ 5328.070401] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5330.651139] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=19090 PROTO=2 [ 5453.072279] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5457.085433] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16137 PROTO=2 [ 5578.074492] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5582.359006] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16150 PROTO=2 [ 5703.074410] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5705.070122] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.10 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=16163 PROTO=2 [ 5828.074387] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED][BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5835.319941] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED][BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=23298 PROTO=2 [ 5953.074429] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED][BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.1 DST=224.0.0.1 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0xC0 TTL=1 ID=0 DF PROTO=2 [ 5961.925481] [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=[BLANKED][BLANKED]--- SRC=192.168.0.5 DST=224.0.0.251 LEN=32 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=1 ID=24261 PROTO=2 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ lspci -nnk |grep -iA2 eth 03:07.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8169 PCI Gigabit Ethernet Controller [10ec:8169] (rev 10) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device [1043:11e5] Kernel driver in use: r8169 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) - Device: eth0 [Ifupdown (eth0)] ---------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: r8169 State: connected Default: yes HW Address: [BLANKED] Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Speed: 100 Mb/s Wired Properties Carrier: on IPv4 Settings: Address: 192.168.0.7 Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0) Gateway: 192.168.0.1 DNS: 192.168.0.1 - Device: wlan0 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Type: 802.11 WiFi Driver: iwl3945 State: disconnected Default: no HW Address: 00:19:D2:72:5A:0C Capabilities: Wireless Properties WEP Encryption: yes WPA Encryption: yes WPA2 Encryption: yes Wireless Access Points ATT592: Infra, 30:60:23:76:FE:60, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 24 WPA WPA2 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ nslookup ubuntu.com ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached doug@ubuntu:/sam$ dig ubuntuforums.org ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> ubuntuforums.org ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached doug@ubuntu:/sam$ sudo ifconfig eth0 up doug@ubuntu:/sam$ dhcpcd eth0 The program 'dhcpcd' can be found in the following packages: * dhcpcd * dhcpcd5 Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package> doug@ubuntu:/sam$ lspci -k 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/PM/GMS, 943/940GML and 945GT Express Memory Controller Hub (rev 03) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1252 Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: intelfb, i915 00:02.1 Display controller: Intel Corporation Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 03) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1252 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 (rev 02) Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 2 (rev 02) Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.3 USB controller: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: uhci_hcd 00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev e2) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel modules: leds-ss4200, iTCO_wdt, intel-rng 00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) IDE Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: ata_piix 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation NM10/ICH7 Family SMBus Controller (rev 02) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel modules: i2c-i801 02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection (rev 02) Subsystem: Intel Corporation PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Network Connection Kernel driver in use: iwl3945 Kernel modules: iwl3945 03:01.0 CardBus bridge: Ricoh Co Ltd RL5c476 II (rev b3) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: yenta_cardbus Kernel modules: yenta_socket 03:01.1 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Ricoh Co Ltd R5C552 IEEE 1394 Controller (rev 08) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: firewire_ohci Kernel modules: firewire-ohci 03:01.2 SD Host controller: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adapter (rev 17) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci Kernel modules: sdhci-pci 03:01.3 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter (rev 08) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 1297 Kernel driver in use: r592 Kernel modules: r592 03:07.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8169 PCI Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 10) Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 11e5 Kernel driver in use: r8169 Kernel modules: r8169 doug@ubuntu:/sam$ Things I have tried: sudo start network-manager: no help gksudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces changed line to iface eth0 inet dhcp: no help gksudo gedit /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, I changed managed=false to managed=true. Then sudo service network-manager restart: no help: network is unreachable sudo pkill -9 NetworkManager: no help gksudo gedit /etc/resolve.conf added line nameseriver 8.8.8.8: no help I know very little about networking; to date this has simply worked. Thanks for your help! :- Doug.

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• Why does async BeginReceiveFrom never time out on a raw socket?

  - by James Hugard

  Writing an asynchronous Ping using Raw Sockets in F#, to enable parallel requests using as few threads as possible. Not using "System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping", because it appears to allocate one thread per request. Am also interested in using F# async workflows. The synchronous version below correctly times out when the target host does not exist/respond, but the asynchronous version hangs. Both work when the host does respond. Not sure if this is a .NET issue, or an F# one... Any ideas? (note: the process must run as Admin to allow Raw Socket access) This throws a timeout: let result = Ping.Ping ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) However, this hangs: let result = Ping.AsyncPing ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) |> Async.RunSynchronously Here's the code... module Ping open System open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets open System.Threading //---- ICMP Packet Classes type IcmpMessage (t : byte) = let mutable m_type = t let mutable m_code = 0uy let mutable m_checksum = 0us member this.Type with get() = m_type member this.Code with get() = m_code member this.Checksum = m_checksum abstract Bytes : byte array default this.Bytes with get() = [| m_type m_code byte(m_checksum) byte(m_checksum >>> 8) |] member this.GetChecksum() = let mutable sum = 0ul let bytes = this.Bytes let mutable i = 0 // Sum up uint16s while i < bytes.Length - 1 do sum <- sum + uint32(BitConverter.ToUInt16( bytes, i )) i <- i + 2 // Add in last byte, if an odd size buffer if i <> bytes.Length then sum <- sum + uint32(bytes.[i]) // Shuffle the bits sum <- (sum >>> 16) + (sum &&& 0xFFFFul) sum <- sum + (sum >>> 16) sum <- ~~~sum uint16(sum) member this.UpdateChecksum() = m_checksum <- this.GetChecksum() type InformationMessage (t : byte) = inherit IcmpMessage(t) let mutable m_identifier = 0us let mutable m_sequenceNumber = 0us member this.Identifier = m_identifier member this.SequenceNumber = m_sequenceNumber override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) [| byte(m_identifier) byte(m_identifier >>> 8) byte(m_sequenceNumber) byte(m_sequenceNumber >>> 8) |] type EchoMessage() = inherit InformationMessage( 8uy ) let mutable m_data = Array.create 32 32uy do base.UpdateChecksum() member this.Data with get() = m_data and set(d) = m_data <- d this.UpdateChecksum() override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) (this.Data) //---- Synchronous Ping let Ping (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = let mutable ep = new IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) let socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let mutable buffer = packet.Bytes try if socket.SendTo( buffer, ep ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) buffer <- Array.create (buffer.Length + 20) 0uy let mutable epr = ep :> EndPoint if socket.ReceiveFrom( buffer, &epr ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) finally socket.Close() buffer //---- Entensions to the F# Async class to allow up to 5 paramters (not just 3) type Async with static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) //---- Extensions to the Socket class to provide async SendTo and ReceiveFrom type System.Net.Sockets.Socket with member this.AsyncSendTo( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginSendTo, this.EndSendTo ) member this.AsyncReceiveFrom( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginReceiveFrom, (fun asyncResult -> this.EndReceiveFrom(asyncResult, remoteEP) ) ) //---- Asynchronous Ping let AsyncPing (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = async { let ep = IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) use socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let outbuffer = packet.Bytes try let! result = socket.AsyncSendTo( outbuffer, 0, outbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, ep ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) let epr = ref (ep :> EndPoint) let inbuffer = Array.create (outbuffer.Length + 256) 0uy let! result = socket.AsyncReceiveFrom( inbuffer, 0, inbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, epr ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) return inbuffer finally socket.Close() }

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• How to detect a timeout when using asynchronous Socket.BeginReceive?

  - by James Hugard

  Writing an asynchronous Ping using Raw Sockets in F#, to enable parallel requests using as few threads as possible. Not using "System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping", because it appears to allocate one thread per request. Am also interested in using F# async workflows. The synchronous version below correctly times out when the target host does not exist/respond, but the asynchronous version hangs. Both work when the host does respond. Not sure if this is a .NET issue, or an F# one... Any ideas? (note: the process must run as Admin to allow Raw Socket access) This throws a timeout: let result = Ping.Ping ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) However, this hangs: let result = Ping.AsyncPing ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) |> Async.RunSynchronously Here's the code... module Ping open System open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets open System.Threading //---- ICMP Packet Classes type IcmpMessage (t : byte) = let mutable m_type = t let mutable m_code = 0uy let mutable m_checksum = 0us member this.Type with get() = m_type member this.Code with get() = m_code member this.Checksum = m_checksum abstract Bytes : byte array default this.Bytes with get() = [| m_type m_code byte(m_checksum) byte(m_checksum >>> 8) |] member this.GetChecksum() = let mutable sum = 0ul let bytes = this.Bytes let mutable i = 0 // Sum up uint16s while i < bytes.Length - 1 do sum <- sum + uint32(BitConverter.ToUInt16( bytes, i )) i <- i + 2 // Add in last byte, if an odd size buffer if i <> bytes.Length then sum <- sum + uint32(bytes.[i]) // Shuffle the bits sum <- (sum >>> 16) + (sum &&& 0xFFFFul) sum <- sum + (sum >>> 16) sum <- ~~~sum uint16(sum) member this.UpdateChecksum() = m_checksum <- this.GetChecksum() type InformationMessage (t : byte) = inherit IcmpMessage(t) let mutable m_identifier = 0us let mutable m_sequenceNumber = 0us member this.Identifier = m_identifier member this.SequenceNumber = m_sequenceNumber override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) [| byte(m_identifier) byte(m_identifier >>> 8) byte(m_sequenceNumber) byte(m_sequenceNumber >>> 8) |] type EchoMessage() = inherit InformationMessage( 8uy ) let mutable m_data = Array.create 32 32uy do base.UpdateChecksum() member this.Data with get() = m_data and set(d) = m_data <- d this.UpdateChecksum() override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) (this.Data) //---- Synchronous Ping let Ping (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = let mutable ep = new IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) let socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let mutable buffer = packet.Bytes try if socket.SendTo( buffer, ep ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) buffer <- Array.create (buffer.Length + 20) 0uy let mutable epr = ep :> EndPoint if socket.ReceiveFrom( buffer, &epr ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) finally socket.Close() buffer //---- Entensions to the F# Async class to allow up to 5 paramters (not just 3) type Async with static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) //---- Extensions to the Socket class to provide async SendTo and ReceiveFrom type System.Net.Sockets.Socket with member this.AsyncSendTo( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginSendTo, this.EndSendTo ) member this.AsyncReceiveFrom( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginReceiveFrom, (fun asyncResult -> this.EndReceiveFrom(asyncResult, remoteEP) ) ) //---- Asynchronous Ping let AsyncPing (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = async { let ep = IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) use socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let outbuffer = packet.Bytes try let! result = socket.AsyncSendTo( outbuffer, 0, outbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, ep ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) let epr = ref (ep :> EndPoint) let inbuffer = Array.create (outbuffer.Length + 256) 0uy let! result = socket.AsyncReceiveFrom( inbuffer, 0, inbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, epr ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) return inbuffer finally socket.Close() }

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• Dependency Injection for Windows Phone 7

  - by Igor Zevaka

  I was trying to use Unity 2.0 beta 2 for Silverlight in my Windows Phone 7 project and I kept getting this crash: Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy() + 0x1f bytes Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy() + 0x1f bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo.InternalInvoke(System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo rtci = {System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo}, System.Reflection.BindingFlags invokeAttr = Default, System.Reflection.Binder binder = null, object parameters = {object[0]}, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture = null, bool isBinderDefault = false, System.Reflection.Assembly caller = null, bool verifyAccess = true, ref System.Threading.StackCrawlMark stackMark = LookForMyCaller) mscorlib.dll!System.Reflection.RuntimeConstructorInfo.InternalInvoke(object obj = null, System.Reflection.BindingFlags invokeAttr = Default, System.Reflection.Binder binder = null, object[] parameters = {object[0]}, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture = null, ref System.Threading.StackCrawlMark stackMark = LookForMyCaller) + 0x103 bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Activator.InternalCreateInstance(System.Type type = {Name = "DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy" FullName = "Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy"}, bool nonPublic = false, ref System.Threading.StackCrawlMark stackMark = LookForMyCaller) + 0xf0 bytes mscorlib.dll!System.Activator.CreateInstance() + 0xc bytes Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.ObjectBuilder2.StagedStrategyChain.AddNew(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ObjectBuilder.UnityBuildStage stage = Creation) + 0x1d bytes Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityDefaultStrategiesExtension.Initialize() + 0x6c bytes Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainerExtension.InitializeExtension(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.ExtensionContext context = {Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.ExtensionContextImpl}) + 0x31 bytes Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.AddExtension(Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainerExtension extension = {Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityDefaultStrategiesExtension}) + 0x1a bytes Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Silverlight.dll!Microsoft.Practices.Unity.UnityContainer.UnityContainer() + 0xf bytes Thinking I could resolve it I've tried a few things but to no avail. Turns out that this is a rather fundamental problem and my assumption that Windows Phone 7 is Silverlight 3 + Some other stuff is wrong. This page describes the differences between Mobile Silverlight and Silverlight 3. Of particular interest is this: The System.Reflection.Emit namespace is not supported in Silverlight for Windows Phone. This is precisely why Unity is crashing on the phone, DynamicMethodConstructorStrategy class uses System.Reflection.Emit quite extensively... So the question is, what alternative to Unity is there for Windows Phone 7?

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• Should I Make These Vectors Classes or Structs in C#

  - by dewald

  I am creating a geometry library in C# and I will need the following immutable types: Vector2f (2 floats - 8 bytes) Vector2d (2 doubles - 16 bytes) Vector3f (3 floats - 12 bytes) Vector3d (3 doubles - 24 bytes) Vector4f (4 floats - 16 bytes) Vector4d (4 doubles - 32 bytes) I am trying to determine whether to make them structs or classes. MSDN suggests only using a struct if the size if going to be no greater than 16 bytes. That reference seems to be from 2005. Is 16 bytes still the max suggested size? I am sure that using structs for the float vectors would be more efficient than using a class, but what should I do about the double vectors? Should I make them structs also to be consistent, or should I make them classes?

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• Why does BeginReceiveFrom never time out?

  - by James Hugard

  I am writing an asynchronous Ping using Raw Sockets in F#, to enable parallel requests using as few threads as possible ("System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping" appears to use one thread per request, but have not tested this... also am interested in using F# async workflows). The synchronous version below correctly times out when the target host does not exist/respond, but the asynchronous version hangs. Both work when the host does respond... Any ideas? (note: the process must run as Admin for this code to work) This throws a timeout: let result = Ping.Ping ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) However, this hangs: let result = Ping.PingAsync ( IPAddress.Parse( "192.168.33.22" ), 1000 ) |> Async.RunSynchronously Here's the code... module Ping open System open System.Net open System.Net.Sockets open System.Threading //---- ICMP Packet Classes type IcmpMessage (t : byte) = let mutable m_type = t let mutable m_code = 0uy let mutable m_checksum = 0us member this.Type with get() = m_type member this.Code with get() = m_code member this.Checksum = m_checksum abstract Bytes : byte array default this.Bytes with get() = [| m_type m_code byte(m_checksum) byte(m_checksum >>> 8) |] member this.GetChecksum() = let mutable sum = 0ul let bytes = this.Bytes let mutable i = 0 // Sum up uint16s while i < bytes.Length - 1 do sum <- sum + uint32(BitConverter.ToUInt16( bytes, i )) i <- i + 2 // Add in last byte, if an odd size buffer if i <> bytes.Length then sum <- sum + uint32(bytes.[i]) // Shuffle the bits sum <- (sum >>> 16) + (sum &&& 0xFFFFul) sum <- sum + (sum >>> 16) sum <- ~~~sum uint16(sum) member this.UpdateChecksum() = m_checksum <- this.GetChecksum() type InformationMessage (t : byte) = inherit IcmpMessage(t) let mutable m_identifier = 0us let mutable m_sequenceNumber = 0us member this.Identifier = m_identifier member this.SequenceNumber = m_sequenceNumber override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) [| byte(m_identifier) byte(m_identifier >>> 8) byte(m_sequenceNumber) byte(m_sequenceNumber >>> 8) |] type EchoMessage() = inherit InformationMessage( 8uy ) let mutable m_data = Array.create 32 32uy do base.UpdateChecksum() member this.Data with get() = m_data and set(d) = m_data <- d this.UpdateChecksum() override this.Bytes with get() = Array.append (base.Bytes) (this.Data) //---- Synchronous Ping let Ping (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = let mutable ep = new IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) let socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let mutable buffer = packet.Bytes try if socket.SendTo( buffer, ep ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) buffer <- Array.create (buffer.Length + 20) 0uy let mutable epr = ep :> EndPoint if socket.ReceiveFrom( buffer, &epr ) <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) finally socket.Close() buffer //---- Entensions to the F# Async class to allow up to 5 paramters (not just 3) type Async with static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) static member FromBeginEnd(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,beginAction,endAction,?cancelAction): Async<'T> = Async.FromBeginEnd((fun (iar,state) -> beginAction(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4,arg5,iar,state)), endAction, ?cancelAction=cancelAction) //---- Extensions to the Socket class to provide async SendTo and ReceiveFrom type System.Net.Sockets.Socket with member this.AsyncSendTo( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginSendTo, this.EndSendTo ) member this.AsyncReceiveFrom( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP ) = Async.FromBeginEnd( buffer, offset, size, socketFlags, remoteEP, this.BeginReceiveFrom, (fun asyncResult -> this.EndReceiveFrom(asyncResult, remoteEP) ) ) //---- Asynchronous Ping let PingAsync (host : IPAddress, timeout : int ) = async { let ep = IPEndPoint( host, 0 ) use socket = new Socket( AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.SendTimeout, timeout ) socket.SetSocketOption( SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, timeout ) let packet = EchoMessage() let outbuffer = packet.Bytes try let! result = socket.AsyncSendTo( outbuffer, 0, outbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, ep ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) let epr = ref (ep :> EndPoint) let inbuffer = Array.create (outbuffer.Length + 256) 0uy let! result = socket.AsyncReceiveFrom( inbuffer, 0, inbuffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, epr ) if result <= 0 then raise (SocketException()) return inbuffer finally socket.Close() }

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• Degraded RAID5 and no md superblock on one of remaining drive

  - by ark1214

  This is actually on a QNAP TS-509 NAS. The RAID is basically a Linux RAID. The NAS was configured with RAID 5 with 5 drives (/md0 with /dev/sd[abcde]3). At some point, /dev/sde failed and drive was replaced. While rebuilding (and not completed), the NAS rebooted itself and /dev/sdc dropped out of the array. Now the array can't start because essentially 2 drives have dropped out. I disconnected /dev/sde and hoped that /md0 can resume in degraded mode, but no luck.. Further investigation shows that /dev/sdc3 has no md superblock. The data should be good since the array was unable to assemble after /dev/sdc dropped off. All the searches I done showed how to reassemble the array assuming 1 bad drive. But I think I just need to restore the superblock on /dev/sdc3 and that should bring the array up to a degraded mode which will allow me to backup data and then proceed with rebuilding with adding /dev/sde. Any help would be greatly appreciated. mdstat does not show /dev/md0 # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath] md5 : active raid1 sdd2[2](S) sdc2[3](S) sdb2[1] sda2[0] 530048 blocks [2/2] [UU] md13 : active raid1 sdd4[3] sdc4[2] sdb4[1] sda4[0] 458880 blocks [5/4] [UUUU_] bitmap: 40/57 pages [160KB], 4KB chunk md9 : active raid1 sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0] 530048 blocks [5/4] [UUUU_] bitmap: 33/65 pages [132KB], 4KB chunk mdadm show /dev/md0 is still there # mdadm --examine --scan ARRAY /dev/md9 level=raid1 num-devices=5 UUID=271bf0f7:faf1f2c2:967631a4:3c0fa888 ARRAY /dev/md5 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=0d75de26:0759d153:5524b8ea:86a3ee0d spares=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid5 num-devices=5 UUID=ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 ARRAY /dev/md13 level=raid1 num-devices=5 UUID=7384c159:ea48a152:a1cdc8f2:c8d79a9c With /dev/sde removed, here is the mdadm examine output showing sdc3 has no md superblock # mdadm --examine /dev/sda3 /dev/sda3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff0e - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff20 - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc3 mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc3. [~] # mdadm --examine /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdd3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : ce3e369b:4ff9ddd2:3639798a:e3889841 Creation Time : Sat Dec 8 15:01:19 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Used Dev Size : 1463569600 (1395.77 GiB 1498.70 GB) Array Size : 5854278400 (5583.08 GiB 5994.78 GB) Raid Devices : 5 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat Dec 8 15:06:17 2012 State : active Active Devices : 4 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : d9e9ff44 - correct Events : 0.394 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 64K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 0 0 8 3 0 active sync /dev/sda3 1 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 2 8 35 2 active sync /dev/sdc3 3 3 8 51 3 active sync /dev/sdd3 4 4 0 0 4 faulty removed fdisk output shows /dev/sdc3 partition is still there. [~] # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdx: 128 MB, 128057344 bytes 8 heads, 32 sectors/track, 977 cylinders Units = cylinders of 256 * 512 = 131072 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdx1 1 8 1008 83 Linux /dev/sdx2 9 440 55296 83 Linux /dev/sdx3 441 872 55296 83 Linux /dev/sdx4 873 977 13440 5 Extended /dev/sdx5 873 913 5232 83 Linux /dev/sdx6 914 977 8176 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 66 530113+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 67 132 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 133 182338 1463569695 83 Linux /dev/sda4 182339 182400 498015 83 Linux Disk /dev/sda4: 469 MB, 469893120 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 114720 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/sda4 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 66 530113+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 67 132 530145 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 133 182338 1463569695 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 182339 182400 498015 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 1500.3 GB, 1500301910016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 182401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 66 530125 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 67 132 530142 83 Linux /dev/sdc3 133 182338 1463569693 83 Linux /dev/sdc4 182339 182400 498012 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.3 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 66 530125 83 Linux /dev/sdd2 67 132 530142 83 Linux /dev/sdd3 133 243138 1951945693 83 Linux /dev/sdd4 243139 243200 498012 83 Linux Disk /dev/md9: 542 MB, 542769152 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 132512 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/md9 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md5: 542 MB, 542769152 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 132512 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk /dev/md5 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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