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• Xubuntu 9.10 LiveCD on USB fails with error can't open /dev/sr0: no medium found

  - by EricJLN

  Using Ubuntu's USB Startup Disk Creator (usb-creator-gtk), I created a LiveUSB from the Xubuntu 9.10 LiveCD. When booting, it stalls up with the Xubuntu mouse splash screen displayed. In attempting to troubleshoot, I used Ctrl-Alt-F1 to check out the first virtual terminal. On that screen, I see over and over again the lines: stdin: I/O error stdin: error 0 /init: line 1: can't open /dev/sr0: No medium found

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• Ubuntu: USB drive = /dev/sda1?

  - by lipton

  I'm trying to boot Ubuntu from my USB drive. How do I know the drive name in Ubuntu since I haven't installed Ubuntu yet? This guy is using /dev/sda1 for his USB drive. How did he figure that out?

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• Simple mdadm RAID 1 not activating spare

  - by Nick Liu

  I had created two 2TB HDD partitions (/dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1) in a RAID 1 array called /dev/md0 using mdadm on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Precise Pangolin. The command sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 used to indicate both drives as active sync. Then, for testing, I failed /dev/sdb1, removed it, then added it again with the command sudo mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 watch cat /proc/mdstat showed a progress bar of the array rebuilding, but I wouldn't spend hours watching it, so I assumed that the software knew what it was doing. After the progress bar was no longer showing, cat /proc/mdstat displays: md0 : active raid1 sdb1[2](S) sdc1[1] 1953511288 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] And sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 shows: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sun May 27 11:26:05 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1953511288 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511288 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon May 28 11:16:49 2012 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 Name : Deltique:0 (local to host Deltique) UUID : 49733c26:dd5f67b5:13741fb7:c568bd04 Events : 32365 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 1 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 17 - spare /dev/sdb1 I've been told that mdadm automatically replaces removed drives with spares, but /dev/sdb1 isn't being moved into the expected position, RaidDevice 1. UPDATE (30 May 2012): A badblocks destructive read-write test of the entire /dev/sdb yielded no errors as expected; both HDDs are new. As of the latest edit, I assembled the array with this command: sudo mdadm --assemble --force --no-degraded /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 The output was: mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2) and 1 rebuilding. Rebuilding looks like it's progressing normally: md0 : active raid1 sdc1[1] sdb1[2] 1953511288 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] [>....................] recovery = 0.6% (13261504/1953511288) finish=2299.7min speed=14060K/sec unused devices: <none> I'm now waiting on this rebuild, but I'm expecting /dev/sdb1 to become a spare just like the five or six times that I've tried rebuilding before. UPDATE (31 May 2012): Yeah, it's still a spare. Ugh! UPDATE (01 June 2012): I'm trying Adrian Kelly's suggested command: sudo mdadm --assemble --update=resync /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 Waiting on the rebuild now... My questions are: Why isn't the spare drive becoming active sync? How can I make the spare drive become active?

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• Restore Windows 8 and Linux (Debian) /boot/efi

  - by Loic

  I deleted /boot/efi (while attempting to install archlinux). There is one harddrive, 750GB, /dev/sda). The partitions are /dev/sda1 ntfs 315MB /dev/sda2 EFIboot 105MB <=== this got deleted /dev/sda3 ? 135MB /dev/sda4 ntfs 626GB <======= windows 8 /dev/sda5 ntfs /dev/sda6 biosgrub 1MB ? /dev/sda7 lvm 110GB <======== for linux /dev/sda8 swap 13GB Windows 8 still installed on /dev/sda4 How do I recreate / repair the /boot/efi (/dev/sda2) ?

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• Pointers to Derived Class Objects Losing vfptr

  - by duckworthd

  To begin, I am trying to write a run-of-the-mill, simple Ray Tracer. In my Ray Tracer, I have multiple types of geometries in the world, all derived from a base class called "SceneObject". I've included the header for it here. /** Interface for all objects that will appear in a scene */ class SceneObject { public: mat4 M, M_inv; Color c; SceneObject(); ~SceneObject(); /** The transformation matrix to be applied to all points of this object. Identity leaves the object in world frame. */ void setMatrix(mat4 M); void setMatrix(MatrixStack mStack); void getMatrix(mat4& M); /** The color of the object */ void setColor(Color c); void getColor(Color& c); /** Alter one portion of the color, leaving the rest as they were. */ void setDiffuse(vec3 rgb); void setSpecular(vec3 rgb); void setEmission(vec3 rgb); void setAmbient(vec3 rgb); void setShininess(double s); /** Fills 'inter' with information regarding an intersection between this object and 'ray'. Ray should be in world frame. */ virtual void intersect(Intersection& inter, Ray ray) = 0; /** Returns a copy of this SceneObject */ virtual SceneObject* clone() = 0; /** Print information regarding this SceneObject for debugging */ virtual void print() = 0; }; As you can see, I've included a couple virtual functions to be implemented elsewhere. In this case, I have only two derived class -- Sphere and Triangle, both of which implement the missing member functions. Finally, I have a Parser class, which is full of static methods that do the actual "Ray Tracing" part. Here's a couple snippets for relevant portions void Parser::trace(Camera cam, Scene scene, string outputFile, int maxDepth) { int width = cam.getNumXPixels(); int height = cam.getNumYPixels(); vector<vector<vec3>> colors; colors.clear(); for (int i = 0; i< width; i++) { vector<vec3> ys; for (int j = 0; j<height; j++) { Intersection intrsct; Ray ray; cam.getRay(ray, i, j); vec3 color; printf("Obtaining color for Ray[%d,%d]\n", i,j); getColor(color, scene, ray, maxDepth); ys.push_back(color); } colors.push_back(ys); } printImage(colors, width, height, outputFile); } void Parser::getColor(vec3& color, Scene scene, Ray ray, int numBounces) { Intersection inter; scene.intersect(inter,ray); if(inter.isIntersecting()){ Color c; inter.getColor(c); c.getAmbient(color); } else { color = vec3(0,0,0); } } Right now, I've forgone the true Ray Tracing part and instead simply return the color of the first object hit, if any. As you have no doubt noticed, the only way the computer knows that a ray has intersected an object is through Scene.intersect(), which I also include. void Scene::intersect(Intersection& i, Ray r) { Intersection result; result.setDistance(numeric_limits<double>::infinity()); result.setIsIntersecting(false); double oldDist; result.getDistance(oldDist); /* Cycle through all objects, making result the closest one */ for(int ind=0; ind<objects.size(); ind++){ SceneObject* thisObj = objects[ind]; Intersection betterIntersect; thisObj->intersect(betterIntersect, r); double newDist; betterIntersect.getDistance(newDist); if (newDist < oldDist){ result = betterIntersect; oldDist = newDist; } } i = result; } Alright, now for the problem. I begin by creating a scene and filling it with objects outside of the Parser::trace() method. Now for some odd reason, I cast Ray for i=j=0 and everything works wonderfully. However, by the time the second ray is cast all of the objects stored in my Scene no longer recognize their vfptr's! I stepped through the code with a debugger and found that the information to all the vfptr's are lost somewhere between the end of getColor() and the continuation of the loop. However, if I change the arguments of getColor() to use a Scene& instead of a Scene, then no loss occurs. What crazy voodoo is this?

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• Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

  - by Brigadieren

  Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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• [WEB] Local/Dev/Live deployment - best workflow

  - by Adam Kiss

  Hello, situation We our little company with 3 people, each has a localhost webserver and most projects (previous and current) are on one PC network shared disk. We have virtual server, where some of our clients' sites and our site. Our standard workflow is: Coder PC ? Programmer localhost ? dev domain (client.company.com) ? live version (client.com) It often happens, that there are two or three guys working on same projects at the same time - one is on dev version, two are on localhost. When finished, we try to synchronize the files on dev version and ideally not to mess (thanks ILMV:]) up any files, which *knock knock * doesn't happen often. And then one of us deploys dev version on live webserver. question we are looking for a way to simplify this workflow while updating websites - ideally some sort of diff uploader or VCS probably (Git/SVN/VCS/...), but we are not completely sure where to begin or what way would be ideal, therefore I ask you, fellow stackoverflowers for your experience with website / application deployment and recommended workflow. We probably will also need to use Mac in process, so if it won't be a problem, that would be even better. Thank you

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• [PHP] Local/Dev/Live deployment - best workflow

  - by Adam Kiss

  Hello, situation We our little company with 3 people, each has a localhost webserver and most projects (previous and current) are on one PC network shared disk. We have virtual server, where some of our clients' sites and our site. Our standard workflow is: Coder PC ? Programmer localhost ? dev domain (client.company.com) ? live version (client.com) It often happens, that there are two or three guys working on same projects at the same time - one is on dev version, two are on localhost. When finished, we try to synchronize the files on dev version and ideally not to mess up any files, which *knock knock * doesn't happen often. And then one of us deploys dev version on live webserver. question we are looking for a way to simplify this workflow while updating websites - ideally some sort of diff uploader or VCS probably (Git/SVN/VCS/...), but we are not completely sure where to begin or what way would be ideal, therefore I ask you, fellow stackoverflowers for your experience with website / application deployment and recommended workflow. We probably will also need to use Mac in process, so if it won't be a problem, that would be even better. Thank you

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• When I restart my virtual enviorment it does not re-bind to the IP address

  - by RoboTamer

  The IP does no longer respond to a remote ping With restart I mean: lxc-stop -n vm3 lxc-start -n vm3 -f /etc/lxc/vm3.conf -d -- /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback up route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 dev lo down route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 dev lo # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.22.189.58 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 192.22.189.57 broadcast 192.22.189.63 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off post-up ip route add 192.22.189.59 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.60 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.61 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.62 dev br0 -- /etc/lxc/vm3.conf lxc.utsname = vm3 lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs lxc.tty = 4 #lxc.pts = 1024 # pseudo tty instance for strict isolation lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.name = eth0 lxc.network.mtu = 1500 #lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0 # security parameter lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a # Deny all access to devices lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm # dev/null lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm # dev/zero lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm # dev/console lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm # dev/tty lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm # dev/tty0 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm # dev/tty1 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:2 rwm # dev/tty2 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm # dev/urandon lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm # dev/random lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm # dev/pts/* lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm # dev/pts/ptmx lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm # rtc # mounts point lxc.mount.entry=proc /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 lxc.mount.entry=devpts /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0 lxc.mount.entry=sysfs /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/sys sysfs defaults 0 0

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• Package upgrade on Ubuntu raid server and grub setup issue

  - by RecNes

  I have remote Ubuntu 10.10 server running on raid system. I did package upgrade yesterday night for security reasons. During the upgrade, grub installation screen appeared and asked me which partition I wanted to install grub. Options are sda,sdb,md1 and md2. I decide to install them on both sda and sdb partitions. I wondering, was I make true decision? If machine get reboot is it can be boot up safely? You can find fdisk output and fstab mount points below: Fstab: proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/md0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/md1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md2 / ext3 defaults 0 0 Fdisk: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029bb5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 262 2102562 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 263 295 265072+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 296 91201 730202445 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2152 MB, 2152923136 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 525616 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 271 MB, 271319040 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 66240 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md2: 747.7 GB, 747727224832 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 182550592 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00088969 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2102562 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 263 295 265072+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb3 296 91201 730202445 fd Linux raid autodetect

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• When I restart my LXC environment, the container does not re-bind to the IP address

  - by RoboTamer

  The IP does no longer respond to a remote ping With restart I mean: lxc-stop -n vm3 lxc-start -n vm3 -f /etc/lxc/vm3.conf -d -- /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback up route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 dev lo down route add -net 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 dev lo # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.22.189.58 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 192.22.189.57 broadcast 192.22.189.63 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off post-up ip route add 192.22.189.59 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.60 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.61 dev br0 post-up ip route add 192.22.189.62 dev br0 -- /etc/lxc/vm3.conf lxc.utsname = vm3 lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs lxc.tty = 4 #lxc.pts = 1024 # pseudo tty instance for strict isolation lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = br0 lxc.network.name = eth0 lxc.network.mtu = 1500 #lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0 # security parameter lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a # Deny all access to devices lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:3 rwm # dev/null lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:5 rwm # dev/zero lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:1 rwm # dev/console lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:0 rwm # dev/tty lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:0 rwm # dev/tty0 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:1 rwm # dev/tty1 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:2 rwm # dev/tty2 lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:9 rwm # dev/urandon lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:8 rwm # dev/random lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm # dev/pts/* lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:2 rwm # dev/pts/ptmx lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm # rtc # mounts point lxc.mount.entry=proc /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 lxc.mount.entry=devpts /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0 lxc.mount.entry=sysfs /var/lib/lxc/vm3/rootfs/sys sysfs defaults 0 0

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• convert a logical partition to a primary partition

  - by ant2009

  Hello, Fedora 14 xfce I have the following partition setup. I would like to know how can I convert the logical partition sda6 to a primary partition. Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1707a8a5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 205844479 102409216 83 Linux /dev/sda3 205844480 214228991 4192256 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda4 214228992 625141759 205456384 5 Extended /dev/sda5 214231040 573562879 179665920 83 Linux /dev/sda6 573564928 625141759 25788416 7 HPFS/NTFS Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 97G 5.0G 91G 6% / tmpfs 494M 176K 494M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 68M 392M 15% /boot /dev/sda5 169G 26G 135G 16% /home # partition table of /dev/sda unit: sectors /dev/sda1 : start= 2048, size= 1024000, Id=83 /dev/sda2 : start= 1026048, size=204818432, Id=83 /dev/sda3 : start=205844480, size= 8384512, Id=82 /dev/sda4 : start=214228992, size=410912768, Id= 5 /dev/sda5 : start=214231040, size=359331840, Id=83 /dev/sda6 : start=573564928, size= 51576832, Id= 7 I would like to convert sda6 to a primary partition, the reason for this it to install windows 7 starter. Many thanks for any suggestions,

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• Trust my work domain on a Dev Domain without a domain level password

  - by Vaccano

  I setup a virtual machine to host a dev version of TFS (to test plugins on). Getting a computer on my work domain requires large amounts of red tape and paperwork that I would rather not do. I created my own domain the the VM and I would like to trust all users from my work domain on that VM Domain. But when I tried to setup the trust I needed a password from my work domain (which I don't have). Am I trying to do something nefarious? I just want to be able to authenticate to my Test TFS (VM) Server as me (my login on my work domain). Is there a way to do that with out having to have a domain level password for my work domain? (My VM is a Windows Server 2008 R2 server)

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• xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory)

  - by mazgalici

  root@mazgalici:~# startx X.Org X Server 1.7.6 Release Date: 2010-03-17 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.24-28-server i686 Ubuntu Current Operating System: Linux mazgalici 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5.028stab079.2PAE #1 SMP Fri Dec 17 19:34:22 MSK 2010 i686 Kernel command line: quiet Build Date: 10 November 2010 11:25:26AM xorg-server 2:1.7.6-2ubuntu7.4 (For technical support please see ) Current version of pixman: 0.16.4 Before reporting problems, check to make sure that you have the latest version. Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Jan 11 01:28:48 2011 (==) Using config directory: "/usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. ddxSigGiveUp: Closing log

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• Give apache write access to DocumentRoot on dev server

  - by Abhi Beckert

  I've got apache running on my mac workstation (OS X 10.7, with the pre-installed copy of apache), and our web applications require write access to certain sections of the filesystem to run (usually just a tmp dir, but sometimes more than that). We have (literally) thousands of clients, and I want to be able to quickly grab a copy of any website's code, and have it "just work", however I always need to manually modify the unix permissions of specific directories after pulling a client's website out of source control (the list of directories varies from one client to another, as it has changed over the years). Since it's a dev server, firewalled off from the general internet, I would like to give apache/php write access to the entire DocumentRoot. How can I do this? I tried chmod 777 on the DocumentRoot, but if I create a directory inside it, the permissions are still 755 (owner: me, group: wheel). I think there should be a way to force all files created inside DocumentRoot to be 777 or perhaps 775, with the _www user added to the wheel group?

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• Redirect output of Python program to /dev/null

  - by STM

  I have a Python executable, written and compiled by somebody else, that I simply need to run once halfway down my own bash script. The program uses a text-based UI, therefore waits for input before proceeding, but the key operations it performs when starting are required in my bash script. A messy (and strange) procedure I know, but unfortunately I haven't got any other options. I've gotten around forcefully closing the program with a kill signal, but the program's TUI insists on outputting to wherever it's run. I've tried redirecting both stdout and stderr to /dev/null and running the program in the background by suffixing an ampersand, but simply can't get it to play ball. I believe the cause is the program spawns other processes, and the output redirection of the parent process doesn't affect them. Is there any trick I can utilise to redirect all output from child processes too?

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• Ubuntu login takes 15 seconds, "I/O error dev fd0 sector 0"

  - by Dan

  After upgrading to Ubuntu 10.04, when I first login it takes 10+ seconds where it just sits at the gdm backgroup before taking me to gnome. By switching to a terminal window during this 10 seconds I saw the error message "I/O error /dev/fd0 sector 0" being outputted. I assume this has to do with the floppy drive... but I don't even have a floppy drive! How do I disable this device and make this error message go away (and hopefully fix the long wait)? Thanks.

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• Webserver: Performance impact when storing session files on /dev/shm

  - by GetFree

  I have a website runing on a typical setup: Linux, Apache, PHP, MySQL. However, what's not typical about it, is that it's getting tons of traffic (400,000+ visits a day) and so, efficiency is becoming more and more important to me. I'm constantly looking for things I could optimize and, right now, my attention is focused on PHP's session files. There's a hell lot of session files constantly being read and created on the /tmp directory. So my question is: Is it a good idea to store the session files in /dev/shm (tmpfs) in order to speed things up a little bit??

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• mount dev, proc, sys in a chroot environment?

  - by Patrick

  I'm trying to create a Linux image with custom picked packages. I followed the guide here http://www.olpcnews.com/forum/index.php?topic=4766.0 However, when I tried to install some packages, it failed to configure due to missing the proc, sys, dev directories. So, I learned from other places that I need to "mount" the host proc, ... directories to my chroot environment. Though, I saw two syntax and am not sure which one to use. In host machine: mount --bind /proc <chroot dir>/proc and another syntax (in chroot envrionment): mount -t proc none /proc Which one should I use, and what are the difference? Edit: What I'm trying to do is to hand craft the packages I'm going to use on an XO laptop, because compiling packages takes really long time on the real XO hardware, if I can build all the packages I need and just flash the image to the XO, I can save time and space.

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• end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector xxxxxxxxx

  - by muruga

  I have a IBM server. This server contains 3 hard disk with RAID 5. It was working fine earlier. Unfortunately this machine got the following error message. After that I have rebooted the systems. After that I am getting the following error message in kern.log and demsg kernel: [65896.678870] end_request: I/O error, dev sda, sector 17430271 kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE,SUGGEST_OK : [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Hardware Error [current] kernel: [69263.783957] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Internal target failure Whether it is kernel problem or hard disk problem or Raid problem

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• xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory)

  - by mazgalici

  root@mazgalici:~# startx X.Org X Server 1.7.6 Release Date: 2010-03-17 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.24-28-server i686 Ubuntu Current Operating System: Linux mazgalici 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5.028stab079.2PAE #1 SMP Fri Dec 17 19:34:22 MSK 2010 i686 Kernel command line: quiet Build Date: 10 November 2010 11:25:26AM xorg-server 2:1.7.6-2ubuntu7.4 (For technical support please see ) Current version of pixman: 0.16.4 Before reporting problems, check to make sure that you have the latest version. Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Jan 11 01:28:48 2011 (==) Using config directory: "/usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory) Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information. ddxSigGiveUp: Closing log

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• How to redirect output away from /dev/null

  - by Gowtham

  I have an application that runs the a command as below: <command> >& /dev/null I have no control on this. All the o/p generated by this command goes to /dev/null. I want the output to be visible on screen or redirected to a log file. I tried to use freopen() and related functions to reopen /dev/null to another file, but could not get it working. Do you have any other ideas? Is this possible at all? Thanks for your time. PS: I am working on Linux. -Gowtham

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• Installing SharePoint 2010 on a dev machine with an external database

  - by Dan Revell

  I've been following Microsoft's guide for installing a dev environment on Windows 7: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee554869.aspx In order for it to not run like a dog I've created a SQL Server 2008 instance on our database server specifically for this dev machine. The article does mention that you might be wanting to use an external database in regard to making sure the database cumulative update is installed. It doesn't make any other mention of configuring it to use a external database. I was hoping that the configuration wizard would then prompt about which database to use but annoyingly it just set-up the configuration database locally. How do I go about installing SharePoint on a dev environment with an external database, and will I need to reformat this machine and do it all again?

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• No device file for partition on logical volume (Linux LVM)

  - by Brian

  I created a logical volume (scandata) containing a single ext3 partition. It is the only logical volume in its volume group (case4t). Said volume group is comprised by 3 physical volumes, which are three primary partitions on a single block device (/dev/sdb). When I created it, I could mount the partition via the block device /dev/mapper/case4t-scandatap1. Since last reboot the aforementioned block device file has disappeared. It may be of note -- I'm not sure -- that my superior (a college professor) had prompted this reboot by running sudo chmod -R [his name] /usr/bin, which obliterated all suid in its path, preventing the both of us from sudo-ing. That issue has been (temporarily) rectified via this operation. Now I'll cut the chatter and get started with the terminal dumps: $ sudo pvs; sudo vgs; sudo lvs Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Scanning for physical volume names PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb1 case4t lvm2 a- 819.32G 0 /dev/sdb2 case4t lvm2 a- 866.40G 0 /dev/sdb3 case4t lvm2 a- 47.09G 0 Wiping internal VG cache Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "case4t" VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree case4t 3 1 0 wz--n- 1.69T 0 Wiping internal VG cache Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:42:34 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all logical volumes LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert scandata case4t -wi-a- 1.69T Wiping internal VG cache $ sudo vgchange -a y Logging initialised at Sat Jan 8 11:43:14 2011 Set umask to 0077 Finding all volume groups Finding volume group "case4t" 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" already active 1 existing logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" monitored Found volume group "case4t" Activated logical volumes in volume group "case4t" 1 logical volume(s) in volume group "case4t" now active Wiping internal VG cache $ ls /dev | grep case4t case4t $ ls /dev/mapper case4t-scandata control $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/case4t/scandata Disk /dev/case4t/scandata: 1860.5 GB, 1860584865792 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 226203 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00049bf5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/case4t/scandata1 1 226203 1816975566 83 Linux $ sudo parted /dev/case4t/scandata print Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm) Disk /dev/mapper/case4t-scandata: 1861GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 1861GB 1861GB primary ext3 $ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 1860.5 GB, 1860593254400 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 226204 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000081 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 106955 859116006 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 113103 226204 908491815 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 106956 113102 49375777+ 83 Linux Partition table entries are not in disk order $ sudo parted /dev/sdb print Model: DELL PERC 6/i (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 1861GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 880GB 880GB primary reiserfs 3 880GB 930GB 50.6GB primary 2 930GB 1861GB 930GB primary I find it a bit strange that partition one above is said to be reiserfs, or if it matters -- it was previously reiserfs, but LVM recognizes it as a PV. To reiterate, neither /dev/mapper/case4t-scandatap1 (which I had used previously) nor /dev/case4t/scandata1 (as printed by fdisk) exists. And /dev/case4t/scandata (no partition number) cannot be mounted: $sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/case4t/scandata /mnt/new mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/case4t-scandata, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so All I get on syslog is: [170059.538137] VFS: Can't find ext3 filesystem on dev dm-0. Thanks in advance for any help you can offer, Brian P.S. I am on Ubuntu GNU/Linux 2.6.28-11-server (Jaunty) (out of date, I know -- that's on the laundry list).

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• Error installing RVM

  - by Dbugger

  I am following this guide, but this is the output I receive. What am the problem? dbugger@mercury:~$ \curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --rails Downloading https://github.com/wayneeseguin/rvm/archive/stable.tar.gz Upgrading the RVM installation in /home/dbugger/.rvm/ RVM PATH line found in /home/dbugger/.profile /home/dbugger/.bashrc /home/dbugger/.zshrc. RVM sourcing line found in /home/dbugger/.bash_profile /home/dbugger/.zlogin. Upgrade of RVM in /home/dbugger/.rvm/ is complete. # Enrique, # # Thank you for using RVM! # We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!! # # ~Wayne, Michal & team. In case of problems: http://rvm.io/help and https://twitter.com/rvm_io Upgrade Notes: * No new notes to display. rvm 1.25.27 (stable) by Wayne E. Seguin <[email protected]>, Michal Papis <[email protected]> [https://rvm.io/] Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time. No binary rubies available for: ubuntu/14.04/x86_64/ruby-2.1.2. Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies. Checking requirements for ubuntu. Installing requirements for ubuntu. Updating system.......... Installing required packages: gawk, libreadline6-dev, libssl-dev, libyaml-dev, libsqlite3-dev, sqlite3.... Error running 'requirements_debian_libs_install gawk libreadline6-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3', showing last 15 lines of /home/dbugger/.rvm/log/1401804140_ruby-2.1.2/package_install_gawk_libreadline6-dev_libssl-dev_libyaml-dev_libsqlite3-dev_sqlite3.log ++ /scripts/functions/utility : __rvm_try_sudo() 405 > sudo -p '%p password required for '\''apt-get --no-install-recommends --yes install gawk libreadline6-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3'\'': ' apt-get --no-install-recommends --yes install gawk libreadline6-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.0.0 (= 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2) but 1.0.1f-1ubuntu2.1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. ++ /scripts/functions/utility : __rvm_try_sudo() 405 > return 100 ++ /scripts/functions/requirements/ubuntu : requirements_debian_libs_install() 36 > return 100 Requirements installation failed with status: 100.

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