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  • Three most critical programming concepts

    - by Todd
    I know this has probably been asked in one form or fashion but I wanted to pose it once again within the context of my situation (and probably others here @ SO). I made a career change to Software Engineering some time ago without having an undergrad or grad degree in CS. I've supplemented my undergrad and grad studies in business with programming courses (VB, Java,C, C#) but never performed academic coursework in the other related disciplines (algorithms, design patterns, discrete math, etc.)...just mostly self-study. I know there are several of you who have either performed interviews and/or made hiring decisions. Given recent trends in demand, what would you say are the three most essential Comp Sci concepts that a developer should have a solid grasp of outside of language syntax? For example, I've seen blog posts of the "Absolute minimum X that every programmer must know" variety...that's what I'm looking for. Again if it's truly a redundancy please feel free to close; my feelings won't be hurt. (Closest ones I could find were http://stackoverflow.com/questions/164048/basic-programming-algorithmic-concepts- which was geared towards a true beginner, and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/648595/essential-areas-of-knowledge-which I didn't feel was concrete enough). Thanks in advance all! T.

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  • Standard term for a thread I/O reorder buffer?

    - by Crashworks
    I have a case where many threads all concurrently generate data that is ultimately written to one long, serial file. I need to somehow serialize these writes so that the file gets written in the right order. ie, I have an input queue of 2048 jobs j0..jn, each of which produces a chunk of data oi. The jobs run in parallel on, say, eight threads, but the output blocks have to appear in the file in the same order as the corresponding input blocks — the output file has to be in the order o0o1o2... The solution to this is pretty self evident: I need some kind of buffer that accumulates and writes the output blocks in the correct order, similar to a CPU reorder buffer in Tomasulo's algorithm, or to the way that TCP reassembles out-of-order packets before passing them to the application layer. Before I go code it, I'd like to do a quick literature search to see if there are any papers that have solved this problem in a particularly clever or efficient way, since I have severe realtime and memory constraints. I can't seem to find any papers describing this though; a Scholar search on every permutation of [threads, concurrent, reorder buffer, reassembly, io, serialize] hasn't yielded anything useful. I feel like I must just not be searching the right terms. Is there a common academic name or keyword for this kind of pattern that I can search on?

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  • Convert a post-order binary tree traversal index to an level-order (breadth-first) index

    - by strfry
    Assuming a complete binary tree, each node can be adressed with the position it appears in a given tree traversal algorithm. For example, the node indices of a simple complete tree with height 3 would look like this: breadth first (aka level-order): 0 / \ 1 2 / \ / \ 3 4 5 6 post-order dept first: 6 / \ 2 5 / \ / \ 0 1 3 4 The height of the tree and an index in the post-order traversal is given. How can i calculate the breadth first index from this information?

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  • How computer multiplies 2 numbers?

    - by ckv
    How does a computer perform a multiplication on 2 numbers say 100 * 55. My guess was that the computer did repeated addition to achieve multiplication. Of course this could be the case for integer numbers. However for floating point numbers there must be some other logic. Note: This was asked in an interview.

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  • CS Majors: Hardest concept(s) you learned in school?

    - by Mark Lubin
    For the CS majors out there what were the hardest CS classes or concepts that you learned in your undergraduate schooling? Did you find once you learned the basics,(data structs, OOP fundamentals, discrete math, pointers, recursion, etc) the rest followed naturally or did you hit a wall at any point in your higher classes like OS'es and Compilers? Thanks for the input!

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  • why IEEE floating point number calculate exponent using a biased form?

    - by lenatis
    let's say, for the float type in c, according to the IEEE floating point specification, there are 8-bit used for the fraction filed, and it is calculated as first taken these 8-bit and translated it into an unsigned number, and then minus the BIASE, which is 2^7 - 1 = 127, and the result is an exponent ranges from -127 to 128, inclusive. But why can't we just treat these 8-bit pattern as a signed number, since the resulting range is [-128,127], which is almost the same as the previous one.

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  • Best (Java) book for understanding 'under the bonnet' for programming?

    - by Ben
    What would you say is the best book to buy to understand exactly how programming works under the hood in order to increase performance? I've coded in assembly at university, I studied computer architecture and I obviously did high level programming, but what I really dont understand is things like: -what is happening when I perform a cast -whats the difference in performance if I declare something global as opposed to local? -How does the memory layout for an ArrayList compare with a Vector or LinkedList? -Whats the overhead with pointers? -Are locks more efficient than using synchronized? -Would creating my own array using int[] be faster than using ArrayList -Advantages/disadvantages of declaring a variable volatile I have got a copy of Java Performance Tuning but it doesnt go down very low and it contains rather obvious things like suggesting a hashmap instead of using an ArrayList as you can map the keys to memory addresses etc. I want something a bit more Computer Sciencey, linking the programming language to what happens with the assembler/hardware. The reason im asking is that I have an interview coming up for a job in High Frequency Trading and everything has to be as efficient as possible, yet I cant remember every single possible efficiency saving so i'd just like to learn the fundamentals. Thanks in advance

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  • P implies Q, how to read in english

    - by user177883
    how to read P implies Q in classical logic? example : Distributivity: Ka(X->Y) -> (KaX -> KaY) This is model logic which uses classical logic rules. KaX : a knows the that X is true. I m curious about how to read implication in english? if then else?

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  • Can a variable like 'int' be considered a primitive/fundamental data structure?

    - by Ravi Gupta
    A rough definition of a data structure is that it allows you to store data and apply a set of operations on that data while preserving consistency of data before and after the operation. However some people insist that a primitive variable like 'int' can also be considered as a data structure. I get that part where it allows you to store data but I guess the operation part is missing. Primitive variables don't have operations attached to them. So I feel that unless you have a set of operations defined and attached to it you cannot call it a data structure. 'int' doesn't have any operation attached to it, it can be operated upon with a set of generic operators. Please advise if I got something wrong here.

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  • Count the number of objects in an Image

    - by kunjaan
    I am investigating the possibility of image processing to identify certain objects and also count them in an image. I will be given a picture and I need to identify the number of boxes present in that image. Does anybody have any experience with any Machine Vision/ Image Processing libraries like ImageJ, Fiji, JAI, jMagick ,Java Vision Toolkit? Which do you think is best suited for the job? What do you guys suggest? If the APIs can be used from Java, it would be better. Thank you. Edit: I am dealing with warehouse brown boxes. Yes I am talking about regular photos. The source is usually a mobile phone picture.

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  • Beginner Question ; About Prime Generation in "C" - What is wrong with my code ? -

    - by alorsoncode
    I'm a third year irregular CS student and ,i just realized that i have to start coding. I passed my coding classes with lower bound grades so that i haven't a good background in coding&programming. I'm trying to write a code that generates prime numbers between given upper and lower bounds. Not knowing C well, enforce me to write a rough code then go over it to solve. I can easily set up the logic for intended function but i probably create a wrong algorithm through several different ways. Here I share my last code, i intend to calculate that when a number gives remainder Zero , it should be it self and 1 , so that count==2; What is wrong with my implementation and with my solution generating style? I hope you will warm me up to programming world, i couldn't find enough motivation and courage to get deep into programming. Thanks in Advance :) Stdio and Math.h is Included int primegen(int down,int up) { int divisor,candidate,count=0,k; for(candidate=down;candidate<=up;candidate++) { for(divisor=1;divisor<=candidate;divisor++) { k=(candidate%divisor); } if (k==0) count++; if(count==2) { printf("%d\n", candidate); count=0; } else { continue; } } } int main() { primegen(3,15); return 0; }

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  • Why call-by-value evaluation strategy is not Turing complete?

    - by Roman
    I'm reading an article about different evaluation strategies (I linked article in wiki, but I'm reading another one not in English). And it says that unlike to call-by-name and call-by-need strategies, call-by-value strategy is not Turing complete. Can anybody explain, please, why is it so? If it's possible, add an example pls.

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  • wrap all lines that are longer than line length

    - by user1919840
    I am writing a program that limits each line to a certain length. this is what i got so far, i am almost done but i still need to cut each line, but i cant figure it out. def main(): filename = input("Please enter the name of the file to be used: ") openFile = open(filename, 'r+') file = openFile.read() lLength = int(input("enter a number between 10 & 20: ")) while (lLength < 10) or (lLength > 20) : print("Invalid input, please try again...") lLength = int(input("enter a number between 10 & 20: ")) wr = textwrap.TextWrapper() wraped = wr.wrap(file) print("Here is your output formated to a max of", lLength, "characters per line: ") wr.width = lLength wr.expand_tabs = True for lines in wraped: print(lines) an example of what the output SHOULD be is this. If the file specified contains this text: hgytuinghdt #here the length is 11 ughtnjuiknshfyth #here the length is 16 nmjhkaiolgytuhngjuin #here the length is 20 and the lLength is specified to 15 then this should print out: hgytuinghdt ughtnjuiknshfyt h nmjhkaiolgytuhng juin Thanks.

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  • Do I need a degree in Computer Science to get a junior Programming job?

    - by t84
    Do I need to go to Uni to get a job as a Junior C# coder? I'm 26 and have been working in Games (Production) for 6 years and I am thinking of a change, I've had exposure to VB6, VBA, HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript over the past few years and did a web design NCFE at College, but other than that, nothing else! I'm teaching myself C# at the moment with books and I was wondering 'how much' I need to learn and also how I can improve my chances of getting a programming job! Am I a late started to learn coding? (I know many people who started at a very young age!) Thanks for the help :)

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  • Do I need a degree in Computer Science to get a Jr Programming job in the world? [closed]

    - by t84
    As above really, do I need to go to Uni to get a job as a Junior C# coder? I'm 26 and have been working in Games (Production) for 6 years and I am thinking of a change, I've had exposure to VB6, VBA, HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript over the past few years and did a web design NCFE at College, but other than that, nothing else! I'm teaching myself C# at the moment with books and I was wondering 'how much' I need to learn and also how I can improve my chances of getting a programming job! Am I a late started to learn coding? (I know many people who started at a very young age!) Thanks for the help :)

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  • What are some good Software Engineering books for people who didn't formally study Computer Science or Software Engineering?

    - by Kugathasan Abimaran
    I'm a graduate in the electronic & telecommunication field, but working in a software company. I want to continue in this field and going for Masters in it. Can you recommend me some of the best books on software engineering, which cover almost all the topics in software engineering. I am not looking for books about coding practices such as Code Complete, Pragmatic Programmer, but rather general software engineering references.

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  • Should I get my masters in Game Design and Development or Computer Science?

    - by Christopher Stephenson
    I am a recent grad with a B.S. in IT while I didn't minor in Game Desgin and development, I took few classes in it. During my job search I have seen that most gaming companies seems to want someone that majored in C.S, mathematics, or physics. During my undergrad I never had to take physics nor did I learn much about data structures and algorithms. These seem to be really important when searching for a job in game development. So I am thinking about going back to school to get my masters in either CS, or GDD. The problem though is which one? I am really not looking to create my own games, I just want to work on games.

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  • I'm 15 and I really want to study Computer Science at University, any advice?

    - by Jake
    I already do a lot of programming in my spare time. I'm confident with PHP, Javascript, jQuery which I use in combination with HTML to create mock-up websites. The specific part of programming I want to get in to is web development/web applications. What I'm asking is since I'm pretty sure this is what I want to do, how can I get a head start? Edit: "If you could tell your 15 year-old self to do something that would benefit your programming career, what would it be?" - I just thought of this and thought it would be a better, more specific question :)

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  • Dallas First Regionals 2012&ndash; For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology

    - by T
    Wow!  That is all I have to say after the last 3 days. Three full fun filled days in a world that fed the geek, sparked the competitor, inspired the humanitarian, encouraged the inventor, and continuously warmed my heart.  As part of the Dallas First Regionals, I was awed by incredible students who teach as much as they learn, inventive and truly caring mentors that make mentoring look easy, and completely passionate and dedicated volunteers that bring meaning to giving all that you have and making events fun and safe for all.  If you have any interest in innovation, robotics, or highly motivated students, I can’t recommend anything any higher than visiting a First Robotics event. This is my third year with First and I was honored enough to serve the Dallas First Regionals as both a Web Site evaluator and as the East Field Volunteer Coordinator.  This was also the first year my daughter volunteered with me.  My daughter and I both recognize how different the First program is from other team events.  The difference with First is that everyone is a first class citizen.   It is a difference we can feel through experiencing and observing interactions between executives, respected engineers, students, and event staff.  Even with a veracious competition, you still find a lot of cooperation and we never witnessed any belittling between teams or individuals. First Robotics coined the term “Gracious Professionalism”.   It's a way of doing things that encourages high-quality work, emphasizes the value of others, and respects individuals and the community.1 I was introduced to this term as the Volunteer Coordinator when I was preparing the volunteer instructional speech.  Through the next few days, I discovered it is truly core to everything that First does.  One of the ways First accomplishes Gracious Professionalism is by utilizing another term they came up with which is “CoopertitionTM”. At FIRST, CoopertitionTM is displaying unqualified kindness and respect in the face of fierce competition.1   One of the things I never liked about sports was the need to “destroy” the other team.  First has really found a way to integrate CoopertitionTM  into the rules so teams can be competitive and part of that competition rewards cooperation. Oh and did I mention it has ROBOTS!!!  This year it had basket ball playing Kinect connected, remote controlled, robots!  There are not words for how exciting these games are.  You HAVE to check out this years game, Rebound Rumble, on youtube or you can view live action on Dallas First Video (as of this posting, the recording haven’t posted yet but should be there soon).  There are also some images below. Whatever it is, these students get it and exemplify it and these mentors ooze with it.  I am glad that First supports these events so we can all learn and be inspired by these exceptional students and mentors.  I know that no matter how much I give, it will never compare to what I gain volunteering at First.  Even if you don’t have time to volunteer, you owe it to yourself to go check out one of these events.  See what the future holds, be inspired, be encouraged, take some knowledge, leave some knowledge and most of all, have FUN.  That is what First is all about and thanks to First, I get it.   First Dallas Regionals 2012 VIEW SLIDE SHOW DOWNLOAD ALL 1.  USFirst http://www.usfirst.org/aboutus/gracious-professionalism

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  • Are the National Computer Science Academy certifications worth it?

    - by Horacio Nuñez
    Hi to every one. I have a question regarding the real value of having NCSA's certifications. Today I reach their site and I easily passed the JavaScript certification within minutes, but I never reach questions related to Literal Javascript Notation (Json), closures or browser specific apis. This facts let me to doubt a bit of the real value of the test (and the proper certification you can have if you pay them $34), but maybe Im wrong and just earned a respected certification within the States for easy questions... in wich case I can spend some time doing other certifications on the same site. Did you have an NCSA certification and think is worth having it in your resume, or you know of a better certification program? thanks in advance, and looking forward to see your considerations.

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