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/phpTest/zologize/axa.php? Another botnet?

- by M132

Starring at the log made me think, what is /phpTest/zologize/axa.php and why are bots looking for it? Previously, I had lots of /HNAP1/ requests. Requesting /HNAP1/ from IPs from log revealed, that all of them were sent by Linksys routers. 3 months later, these requests turned out to be generated by a router worm called TheMoon. But requesting /phpTest/zologize/axa.php from these servers returns a 404 error. How these servers got infected, and how can I protect mine from this? 124.11.224.69 - - [02/Feb/2014:00:37:16 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "-" 140.113.238.121 - - [21/Feb/2014:01:24:32 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "-" 77.121.132.79 - - [22/Feb/2014:00:03:56 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "-" 142.4.201.210 - - [24/Feb/2014:21:54:33 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "-" 212.83.168.39 - - [24/Feb/2014:23:16:00 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 168 "-" "-" 87.117.229.210 - - [26/Feb/2014:06:34:58 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 78.100.82.99 - - [26/Feb/2014:08:25:48 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 198.50.205.219 - - [26/Feb/2014:09:59:11 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 210.60.142.107 - - [27/Feb/2014:00:12:12 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 101.109.4.73 - - [27/Feb/2014:08:50:46 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 61.91.128.158 - - [27/Feb/2014:08:59:15 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 201.188.41.175 - - [27/Feb/2014:11:25:42 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 220.133.137.2 - - [27/Feb/2014:12:12:46 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 203.156.104.88 - - [28/Feb/2014:18:11:49 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 61.19.52.58 - - [28/Feb/2014:22:02:56 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 84.2.92.40 - - [28/Feb/2014:23:04:17 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 404 162 "-" "-" 58.64.205.11 - - [01/Mar/2014:06:08:33 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 21 "-" "-" 113.61.200.151 - - [01/Mar/2014:18:25:25 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 21 "-" "-" 178.33.219.12 - - [03/Mar/2014:14:41:48 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 21 "-" "-" 74.63.220.132 - - [04/Mar/2014:01:16:44 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 21 "-" "-" 187.141.230.106 - - [04/Mar/2014:15:39:26 +0100] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 21 "-" "-" 103.22.181.146 - - [09/May/2014:17:16:56 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 502 166 "-" "-" 176.31.200.14 - - [10/May/2014:19:52:24 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 68 "-" "-" 124.120.92.70 - - [12/May/2014:16:19:40 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 68 "-" "-" 219.85.198.142 - - [15/May/2014:19:21:22 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 80.84.53.226 - - [23/May/2014:08:58:25 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 87.213.11.165 - - [25/May/2014:06:20:27 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 122.116.220.106 - - [25/May/2014:07:10:21 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 58.8.128.30 - - [29/May/2014:02:43:49 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 142.4.197.135 - - [29/May/2014:11:36:45 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 178.32.243.65 - - [30/May/2014:01:59:53 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 58.8.164.221 - - [30/May/2014:14:04:16 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 140.127.182.15 - - [01/Jun/2014:14:45:40 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 218.166.43.21 - - [01/Jun/2014:16:07:52 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 178.32.188.140 - - [01/Jun/2014:19:11:46 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 94.23.211.173 - - [05/Jun/2014:00:52:52 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 120.117.105.201 - - [05/Jun/2014:04:39:39 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 187.172.27.146 - - [05/Jun/2014:10:20:22 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-" 203.195.219.91 - - [05/Jun/2014:10:53:42 +0200] "GET /phpTest/zologize/axa.php HTTP/1.1" 200 37 "-" "-"

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Network config / gear question

- by mcgee1234

I have been tasked with setting up a fairly straightforward rack in a data center (we do not even need a whole rack, but this is the smallest allotment available). In a nutshell, 4 to 6 servers need to be able to reach 2 (maybe 3) vendors. The servers needs to be reachable over the internet. A little more detail - the networks the servers need to reach are inside of the data center, and are "trusted". Connections to these networks will be achieved through intra data center cross connects. It is kind of like a manufacturing line where we receive data from one vendor (burst-able up to 200 Mbits), churn through it on the servers, and then send out data to another vendor (bursts up to 20 Mbits). This series of events is very latency sensitive, so much so that it is common practice not to use NAT or a firewall on these segments (or so I hear). To reach the servers over the internet, I plan to use a site to site VPN. (This part is only relevant as far as hardware selection goes). I have 2 configurations in mind: Cisco 2911 (2921) (with the additional wan ports module) and a layer 2 switch - in this scenario, I would use the router also for VPN. Cisco 3560 layer 3 switch to interconnect the networks inside of the data center and an ASA 5510 (which is total overkill, but the 5505 is not rack mountable) as a firewall for the Wan side (internet) and VPN. I envision the setup to be as follows: Internet - ASA - 3560 Vendors - 3560 - Servers The general idea is that the ASA acts as a firewall and VPN device and the 3560 does all the heavy lifting. The first is a fairly traditional setup but my concern is performance. The second is somewhat unorthodox in that the vendors are directly connected to the layer 3 switch without passing through a firewall. Based on my understanding however, a layer 3 switch will perform substantially better as it will do hardware (ASIC) vs. software switching. (Note that number 2 is a little over the budget, but not unworkable (double negative, ugh)) Since this is my first time dealing with a data center, I am not sure what the IP space is going to look like. I suspect I will retain a block(s) of public IPs, vlan them to individual interfaces for the vendor connections and the servers (which will not reachable from the wan side of course) and setup routing on the switch. So here are my questionss: Is there a substantial performance difference between 1 and 2, i.e. hardware based switching on a layer 3 vs a software base on the 2911? I have trolled the internet and found a lot of Cisco literature, but nothing that I could really use to get a good handle. The vendors we connect to are secure and trusted (famous last words) and as I understand it, it is common practice not to NAT or firewall these connections (because of the aforementioned latency sensitivity). But what what kind of latency are we really talking about if I push the data through a router (or even ASA for that matter)? For our purposes, 5 ms will not kill us, 20 or 30 can be very costly. Others measure in microseconds, but they are out of our league. Is there any issues with using public IPs on a layer 3 switch? I am certainly not married to either of these configs, and I am totally open to any ideas. My knowledge (and I use the term loosely) is largely from books so I welcome any advice / insight. Thanks in advance.

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C#: System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue vs. Queue

- by James Michael Hare

I love new toys, so of course when .NET 4.0 came out I felt like the proverbial kid in the candy store! Now, some people get all excited about the IDE and it’s new features or about changes to WPF and Silver Light and yes, those are all very fine and grand. But me, I get all excited about things that tend to affect my life on the backside of development. That’s why when I heard there were going to be concurrent container implementations in the latest version of .NET I was salivating like Pavlov’s dog at the dinner bell. They seem so simple, really, that one could easily overlook them. Essentially they are implementations of containers (many that mirror the generic collections, others are new) that have either been optimized with very efficient, limited, or no locking but are still completely thread safe -- and I just had to see what kind of an improvement that would translate into. Since part of my job as a solutions architect here where I work is to help design, develop, and maintain the systems that process tons of requests each second, the thought of extremely efficient thread-safe containers was extremely appealing. Of course, they also rolled out a whole parallel development framework which I won’t get into in this post but will cover bits and pieces of as time goes by. This time, I was mainly curious as to how well these new concurrent containers would perform compared to areas in our code where we manually synchronize them using lock or some other mechanism. So I set about to run a processing test with a series of producers and consumers that would be either processing a traditional System.Collections.Generic.Queue or a System.Collection.Concurrent.ConcurrentQueue. Now, I wanted to keep the code as common as possible to make sure that the only variance was the container, so I created a test Producer and a test Consumer. The test Producer takes an Action<string> delegate which is responsible for taking a string and placing it on whichever queue we’re testing in a thread-safe manner: 1: internal class Producer 2: { 3: public int Iterations { get; set; } 4: public Action<string> ProduceDelegate { get; set; } 5: 6: public void Produce() 7: { 8: for (int i = 0; i < Iterations; i++) 9: { 10: ProduceDelegate(“Hello”); 11: } 12: } 13: } Then likewise, I created a consumer that took a Func<string> that would read from whichever queue we’re testing and return either the string if data exists or null if not. Then, if the item doesn’t exist, it will do a 10 ms wait before testing again. Once all the producers are done and join the main thread, a flag will be set in each of the consumers to tell them once the queue is empty they can shut down since no other data is coming: 1: internal class Consumer 2: { 3: public Func<string> ConsumeDelegate { get; set; } 4: public bool HaltWhenEmpty { get; set; } 5: 6: public void Consume() 7: { 8: bool processing = true; 9: 10: while (processing) 11: { 12: string result = ConsumeDelegate(); 13: 14: if(result == null) 15: { 16: if (HaltWhenEmpty) 17: { 18: processing = false; 19: } 20: else 21: { 22: Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10)); 23: } 24: } 25: else 26: { 27: DoWork(); // do something non-trivial so consumers lag behind a bit 28: } 29: } 30: } 31: } Okay, now that we’ve done that, we can launch threads of varying numbers using lambdas for each different method of production/consumption. First let's look at the lambdas for a typical System.Collections.Generics.Queue with locking: 1: // lambda for putting to typical Queue with locking... 2: var productionDelegate = s => 3: { 4: lock (_mutex) 5: { 6: _mutexQueue.Enqueue(s); 7: } 8: }; 9: 10: // and lambda for typical getting from Queue with locking... 11: var consumptionDelegate = () => 12: { 13: lock (_mutex) 14: { 15: if (_mutexQueue.Count > 0) 16: { 17: return _mutexQueue.Dequeue(); 18: } 19: } 20: return null; 21: }; Nothing new or interesting here. Just typical locks on an internal object instance. Now let's look at using a ConcurrentQueue from the System.Collections.Concurrent library: 1: // lambda for putting to a ConcurrentQueue, notice it needs no locking! 2: var productionDelegate = s => 3: { 4: _concurrentQueue.Enqueue(s); 5: }; 6: 7: // lambda for getting from a ConcurrentQueue, once again, no locking required. 8: var consumptionDelegate = () => 9: { 10: string s; 11: return _concurrentQueue.TryDequeue(out s) ? s : null; 12: }; So I pass each of these lambdas and the number of producer and consumers threads to launch and take a look at the timing results. Basically I’m timing from the time all threads start and begin producing/consuming to the time that all threads rejoin. I won't bore you with the test code, basically it just launches code that creates the producers and consumers and launches them in their own threads, then waits for them all to rejoin. The following are the timings from the start of all threads to the Join() on all threads completing. The producers create 10,000,000 items evenly between themselves and then when all producers are done they trigger the consumers to stop once the queue is empty. These are the results in milliseconds from the ordinary Queue with locking: 1: Consumers Producers 1 2 3 Time (ms) 2: ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ------ --------- 3: 1 1 4284 5153 4226 4554.33 4: 10 10 4044 3831 5010 4295.00 5: 100 100 5497 5378 5612 5495.67 6: 1000 1000 24234 25409 27160 25601.00 And the following are the results in milliseconds from the ConcurrentQueue with no locking necessary: 1: Consumers Producers 1 2 3 Time (ms) 2: ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ------ --------- 3: 1 1 3647 3643 3718 3669.33 4: 10 10 2311 2136 2142 2196.33 5: 100 100 2480 2416 2190 2362.00 6: 1000 1000 7289 6897 7061 7082.33 Note that even though obviously 2000 threads is quite extreme, the concurrent queue actually scales really well, whereas the traditional queue with simple locking scales much more poorly. I love the new concurrent collections, they look so much simpler without littering your code with the locking logic, and they perform much better. All in all, a great new toy to add to your arsenal of multi-threaded processing!

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C# 4: The Curious ConcurrentDictionary

- by James Michael Hare

In my previous post (here) I did a comparison of the new ConcurrentQueue versus the old standard of a System.Collections.Generic Queue with simple locking. The results were exactly what I would have hoped, that the ConcurrentQueue was faster with multi-threading for most all situations. In addition, concurrent collections have the added benefit that you can enumerate them even if they're being modified. So I set out to see what the improvements would be for the ConcurrentDictionary, would it have the same performance benefits as the ConcurrentQueue did? Well, after running some tests and multiple tweaks and tunes, I have good and bad news. But first, let's look at the tests. Obviously there's many things we can do with a dictionary. One of the most notable uses, of course, in a multi-threaded environment is for a small, local in-memory cache. So I set about to do a very simple simulation of a cache where I would create a test class that I'll just call an Accessor. This accessor will attempt to look up a key in the dictionary, and if the key exists, it stops (i.e. a cache "hit"). However, if the lookup fails, it will then try to add the key and value to the dictionary (i.e. a cache "miss"). So here's the Accessor that will run the tests: 1: internal class Accessor 2: { 3: public int Hits { get; set; } 4: public int Misses { get; set; } 5: public Func<int, string> GetDelegate { get; set; } 6: public Action<int, string> AddDelegate { get; set; } 7: public int Iterations { get; set; } 8: public int MaxRange { get; set; } 9: public int Seed { get; set; } 10: 11: public void Access() 12: { 13: var randomGenerator = new Random(Seed); 14: 15: for (int i=0; i<Iterations; i++) 16: { 17: // give a wide spread so will have some duplicates and some unique 18: var target = randomGenerator.Next(1, MaxRange); 19: 20: // attempt to grab the item from the cache 21: var result = GetDelegate(target); 22: 23: // if the item doesn't exist, add it 24: if(result == null) 25: { 26: AddDelegate(target, target.ToString()); 27: Misses++; 28: } 29: else 30: { 31: Hits++; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } Note that so I could test different implementations, I defined a GetDelegate and AddDelegate that will call the appropriate dictionary methods to add or retrieve items in the cache using various techniques. So let's examine the three techniques I decided to test: Dictionary with mutex - Just your standard generic Dictionary with a simple lock construct on an internal object. Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim - Same Dictionary, but now using a lock designed to let multiple readers access simultaneously and then locked when a writer needs access. ConcurrentDictionary - The new ConcurrentDictionary from System.Collections.Concurrent that is supposed to be optimized to allow multiple threads to access safely. So the approach to each of these is also fairly straight-forward. Let's look at the GetDelegate and AddDelegate implementations for the Dictionary with mutex lock: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: lock (_mutex) 4: { 5: _dictionary[key] = val; 6: } 7: }; 8: var getDelegate = (key) => 9: { 10: lock (_mutex) 11: { 12: string val; 13: return _dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val) ? val : null; 14: } 15: }; Nothing new or fancy here, just your basic lock on a private object and then query/insert into the Dictionary. Now, for the Dictionary with ReadWriteLockSlim it's a little more complex: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock(); 4: _dictionary[key] = val; 5: _readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock(); 6: }; 7: var getDelegate = (key) => 8: { 9: string val; 10: _readerWriterLock.EnterReadLock(); 11: if(!_dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val)) 12: { 13: val = null; 14: } 15: _readerWriterLock.ExitReadLock(); 16: return val; 17: }; And finally, the ConcurrentDictionary, which since it does all it's own concurrency control, is remarkably elegant and simple: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _concurrentDictionary[key] = val; 4: }; 5: var getDelegate = (key) => 6: { 7: string s; 8: return _concurrentDictionary.TryGetValue(key, out s) ? s : null; 9: }; Then, I set up a test harness that would simply ask the user for the number of concurrent Accessors to attempt to Access the cache (as specified in Accessor.Access() above) and then let them fly and see how long it took them all to complete. Each of these tests was run with 10,000,000 cache accesses divided among the available Accessor instances. All times are in milliseconds. 1: Dictionary with Mutex Locking 2: --------------------------------------------------- 3: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 4: 1 7916 3285 5: 10 8293 3481 6: 100 8799 3532 7: 1000 8815 3584 8: 9: 10: Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim Locking 11: --------------------------------------------------- 12: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 13: 1 8445 3624 14: 10 11002 4119 15: 100 11076 3992 16: 1000 14794 4861 17: 18: 19: Concurrent Dictionary 20: --------------------------------------------------- 21: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 22: 1 17443 3726 23: 10 14181 1897 24: 100 15141 1994 25: 1000 17209 2128 The first test I did across the board is the Mostly Misses category. The mostly misses (more adds because data requested was not in the dictionary) shows an interesting trend. In both cases the Dictionary with the simple mutex lock is much faster, and the ConcurrentDictionary is the slowest solution. But this got me thinking, and a little research seemed to confirm it, maybe the ConcurrentDictionary is more optimized to concurrent "gets" than "adds". So since the ratio of misses to hits were 2 to 1, I decided to reverse that and see the results. So I tweaked the data so that the number of keys were much smaller than the number of iterations to give me about a 2 to 1 ration of hits to misses (twice as likely to already find the item in the cache than to need to add it). And yes, indeed here we see that the ConcurrentDictionary is indeed faster than the standard Dictionary here. I have a strong feeling that as the ration of hits-to-misses gets higher and higher these number gets even better as well. This makes sense since the ConcurrentDictionary is read-optimized. Also note that I tried the tests with capacity and concurrency hints on the ConcurrentDictionary but saw very little improvement, I think this is largely because on the 10,000,000 hit test it quickly ramped up to the correct capacity and concurrency and thus the impact was limited to the first few milliseconds of the run. So what does this tell us? Well, as in all things, ConcurrentDictionary is not a panacea. It won't solve all your woes and it shouldn't be the only Dictionary you ever use. So when should we use each? Use System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary when: You need a single-threaded Dictionary (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary that is loaded only once at creation and never modified (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary to store items where writes are far more prevalent than reads (locking needed). And use System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary when: You need a multi-threaded Dictionary where the writes are far more prevalent than reads. You need to be able to iterate over the collection without locking it even if its being modified. Both Dictionaries have their strong suits, I have a feeling this is just one where you need to know from design what you hope to use it for and make your decision based on that criteria.

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HttpContext.Items and Server.Transfer/Execute

- by Rick Strahl

A few days ago my buddy Ben Jones pointed out that he ran into a bug in the ScriptContainer control in the West Wind Web and Ajax Toolkit. The problem was basically that when a Server.Transfer call was applied the script container (and also various ClientScriptProxy script embedding routines) would potentially fail to load up the specified scripts. It turns out the problem is due to the fact that the various components in the toolkit use request specific singletons via a Current property. I use a static Current property tied to a Context.Items[] entry to handle this type of operation which looks something like this: /// <summary> /// Current instance of this class which should always be used to /// access this object. There are no public constructors to /// ensure the reference is used as a Singleton to further /// ensure that all scripts are written to the same clientscript /// manager. /// </summary> public static ClientScriptProxy Current { get { if (HttpContext.Current == null) return new ClientScriptProxy(); ClientScriptProxy proxy = null; if (HttpContext.Current.Items.Contains(STR_CONTEXTID)) proxy = HttpContext.Current.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] as ClientScriptProxy; else { proxy = new ClientScriptProxy(); HttpContext.Current.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] = proxy; } return proxy; } } The proxy is attached to a Context.Items[] item which makes the instance Request specific. This works perfectly fine in most situations EXCEPT when you’re dealing with Server.Transfer/Execute requests. Server.Transfer doesn’t cause Context.Items to be cleared so both the current transferred request and the original request’s Context.Items collection apply. For the ClientScriptProxy this causes a problem because script references are tracked on a per request basis in Context.Items to check for script duplication. Once a script is rendered an ID is written into the Context collection and so considered ‘rendered’: // No dupes - ref script include only once if (HttpContext.Current.Items.Contains( STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER + fileId ) ) return; HttpContext.Current.Items.Add(STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER + fileId, string.Empty); where the fileId is the script name or unique identifier. The problem is on the Transferred page the item will already exist in Context and so fail to render because it thinks the script has already rendered based on the Context item. Bummer. The workaround for this is simple once you know what’s going on, but in this case it was a bitch to track down because the context items are used in many places throughout this class. The trick is to determine when a request is transferred and then removing the specific keys. The first issue is to determine if a script is in a Trransfer or Execute call: if (HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler != HttpContext.Current.Handler) Context.Handler is the original handler and CurrentHandler is the actual currently executing handler that is running when a Transfer/Execute is active. You can also use Context.PreviousHandler to get the last handler and chain through the whole list of handlers applied if Transfer calls are nested (dog help us all for the person debugging that). For the ClientScriptProxy the full logic to check for a transfer and remove the code looks like this: /// <summary> /// Clears all the request specific context items which are script references /// and the script placement index. /// </summary> public void ClearContextItemsOnTransfer() { if (HttpContext.Current != null) { // Check for Server.Transfer/Execute calls - we need to clear out Context.Items if (HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler != HttpContext.Current.Handler) { List<string> Keys = HttpContext.Current.Items.Keys.Cast<string>().Where(s => s.StartsWith(STR_SCRIPTITEM_IDENTITIFIER) || s == STR_ScriptResourceIndex).ToList(); foreach (string key in Keys) { HttpContext.Current.Items.Remove(key); } } } } along with a small update to the Current property getter that sets a global flag to indicate whether the request was transferred: if (!proxy.IsTransferred && HttpContext.Current.Handler != HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler) { proxy.ClearContextItemsOnTransfer(); proxy.IsTransferred = true; } return proxy; I know this is pretty ugly, but it works and it’s actually minimal fuss without affecting the behavior of the rest of the class. Ben had a different solution that involved explicitly clearing out the Context items and replacing the collection with a manually maintained list of items which also works, but required changes through the code to make this work. In hindsight, it would have been better to use a single object that encapsulates all the ‘persisted’ values and store that object in Context instead of all these individual small morsels. Hindsight is always 20/20 though :-}. If possible use Page.Items ClientScriptProxy is a generic component that can be used from anywhere in ASP.NET, so there are various methods that are not Page specific on this component which is why I used Context.Items, rather than the Page.Items collection.Page.Items would be a better choice since it will sidestep the above Server.Transfer nightmares as the Page is reloaded completely and so any new Page gets a new Items collection. No fuss there. So for the ScriptContainer control, which has to live on the page the behavior is a little different. It is attached to Page.Items (since it’s a control): /// <summary> /// Returns a current instance of this control if an instance /// is already loaded on the page. Otherwise a new instance is /// created, added to the Form and returned. /// /// It's important this function is not called too early in the /// page cycle - it should not be called before Page.OnInit(). /// /// This property is the preferred way to get a reference to a /// ScriptContainer control that is either already on a page /// or needs to be created. Controls in particular should always /// use this property. /// </summary> public static ScriptContainer Current { get { // We need a context for this to work! if (HttpContext.Current == null) return null; Page page = HttpContext.Current.CurrentHandler as Page; if (page == null) throw new InvalidOperationException(Resources.ERROR_ScriptContainer_OnlyWorks_With_PageBasedHandlers); ScriptContainer ctl = null; // Retrieve the current instance ctl = page.Items[STR_CONTEXTID] as ScriptContainer; if (ctl != null) return ctl; ctl = new ScriptContainer(); page.Form.Controls.Add(ctl); return ctl; } } The biggest issue with this approach is that you have to explicitly retrieve the page in the static Current property. Notice again the use of CurrentHandler (rather than Handler which was my original implementation) to ensure you get the latest page including the one that Server.Transfer fired. Server.Transfer and Server.Execute are Evil All that said – this fix is probably for the 2 people who are crazy enough to rely on Server.Transfer/Execute. :-} There are so many weird behavior problems with these commands that I avoid them at all costs. I don’t think I have a single application that uses either of these commands… Related Resources Full source of ClientScriptProxy.cs (repository) Part of the West Wind Web Toolkit Static Singletons for ASP.NET Controls Post © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET

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Why do I have to run aptitude update twice to install Ruby?

- by Willie Wheeler

Summary. I have a fresh EC2 Precise 64-bit instance (ami-82fa58eb). After launching the instance, I want to install ruby1.9.1 (among others). This doesn't work: aptitude update && apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confnew" --force-yes -fuy dist-upgrade && aptitude install -y ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev make as Aptitude can't find the Ruby package. But this works: aptitude update && aptitude update && apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confnew" --force-yes -fuy dist-upgrade && aptitude install -y ruby1.9.1 ruby1.9.1-dev make I would like to understand why I need to run aptitude update twice. Details. The first and second runs look pretty different. First run: Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Get: 1 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease Get: 2 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release [49.6 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Get: 3 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release Get: 4 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main amd64 Packages [161 kB] Get: 5 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB] Get: 6 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted amd64 Packages [3,969 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages Get: 7 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe amd64 Packages [43.8 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted amd64 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe amd64 Packages Get: 8 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [2,180 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse amd64 Packages Get: 9 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages [165 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse i386 Packages Get: 10 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted i386 Packages [3,968 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex Get: 11 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages [44.0 kB] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse TranslationIndex Get: 12 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages [2,369 B] Get: 13 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main TranslationIndex [73 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted TranslationIndex Get: 14 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse TranslationIndex [71 B] Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex Get: 15 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted TranslationIndex [71 B] Get: 16 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main amd64 Packages [382 kB] Get: 17 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe TranslationIndex [73 B] Get: 18 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en [76.5 kB] Get: 19 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse Translation-en [995 B] Get: 20 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/restricted Translation-en [978 B] Get: 21 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en [27.2 kB] Get: 22 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [6,755 B] Get: 23 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe amd64 Packages [129 kB] Get: 24 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [8,677 B] Get: 25 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [387 kB] Get: 26 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted i386 Packages [6,732 B] Get: 27 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [130 kB] Get: 28 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [9,672 B] Get: 29 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex [3,564 B] Get: 30 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse TranslationIndex [2,605 B] Get: 31 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted TranslationIndex [2,461 B] Get: 32 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex [2,850 B] Get: 33 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en [726 kB] Get: 34 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en [93.4 kB] Get: 35 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en [2,395 B] Get: 36 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en [3,341 kB] Get: 37 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en [188 kB] Get: 38 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/multiverse Translation-en [5,414 B] Get: 39 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/restricted Translation-en [1,484 B] Get: 40 http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en [77.3 kB] Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en_US Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/multiverse Translation-en_US Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/restricted Translation-en_US Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en_US Fetched 6,137 kB in 11s (538 kB/s) Reading package lists... Second run: Ign http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Ign http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease Get: 1 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg [198 B] Get: 2 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg [198 B] Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease Get: 3 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release [49.6 kB] Get: 4 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release [49.6 kB] Get: 5 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Sources [934 kB] Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release Get: 6 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Sources [5,019 kB] Get: 7 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Sources [42.8 kB] Get: 8 http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Sources [13.5 kB] Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main amd64 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe amd64 Packages Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main i386 Packages Get: 9 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main amd64 Packages [1,273 kB] Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe i386 Packages Get: 10 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe amd64 Packages [4,786 kB] Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe TranslationIndex Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Translation-en Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/universe Translation-en Get: 11 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main i386 Packages [1,274 kB] Get: 12 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe i386 Packages [4,796 kB] Get: 13 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main TranslationIndex [3,706 B] Get: 14 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe TranslationIndex [2,922 B] Get: 15 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Sources [163 kB] Get: 16 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Sources [50.8 kB] Get: 17 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main amd64 Packages [382 kB] Get: 18 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe amd64 Packages [129 kB] Get: 19 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main i386 Packages [387 kB] Get: 20 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe i386 Packages [129 kB] Get: 21 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main TranslationIndex [3,564 B] Get: 22 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe TranslationIndex [2,850 B] Get: 23 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/main Translation-en [726 kB] Get: 24 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise/universe Translation-en [3,341 kB] Get: 25 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/main Translation-en [188 kB] Get: 26 http://us-east-1.ec2.archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates/universe Translation-en [77.1 kB] Fetched 23.8 MB in 23s (1,026 kB/s) Reading package lists... Note. My question is almost exactly the same as Running 'apt-get upgrade' on Amazon EC2 AMI twice in succession upgrades very different packages except that I'm seeing this issue with aptitude updates rather than apt-get upgrades.

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jqgrid sample using array data, what am I missing

- by Dennis

Hello. I'm new in jqgrid, I'm just trying thes example to work. I have a html file only, nothing more. When I ran this file, array data is not showing. What am I missing here? Thanks in advance. <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>jqGrid Demos</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="lib/jquery-ui-1.7.1.custom.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="lib/ui.jqgrid.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="lib/ui.multiselect.css" /> <style type="text/css"> html, body { margin: 0; /* Remove body margin/padding */ padding: 0; overflow: hidden; /* Remove scroll bars on browser window */ font-size: 75%; } /*Splitter style */ #LeftPane { /* optional, initial splitbar position */ overflow: auto; } /* * Right-side element of the splitter. */ #RightPane { padding: 2px; overflow: auto; } .ui-tabs-nav li {position: relative;} .ui-tabs-selected a span {padding-right: 10px;} .ui-tabs-close {display: none;position: absolute;top: 3px;right: 0px;z-index: 800;width: 16px;height: 14px;font-size: 10px; font-style: normal;cursor: pointer;} .ui-tabs-selected .ui-tabs-close {display: block;} .ui-layout-west .ui-jqgrid tr.jqgrow td { border-bottom: 0px none;} .ui-datepicker {z-index:1200;} </style> <script src="lib/jquery-1.4.2.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/jquery-ui-1.7.2.custom.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/jquery.layout.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/grid.locale-en.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/jquery.jqGrid.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/jquery.tablednd.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/jquery.contextmenu.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="lib/ui.multiselect.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // We use a document ready jquery function. jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery("#list").jqGrid({ datatype: "local", height: 250, colNames:['Inv No','Date', 'Client', 'Amount','Tax','Total', 'Notes'], colModel:[ {name:'id',index:'id', width:60, sorttype:"int"}, {name:'invdate',index:'invdate', width:90, sorttype:"date"}, {name:'name',index:'name', width:100}, {name:'amount',index:'amount', width:80, align:"right",sorttype:"float"}, {name:'tax',index:'tax', width:80, align:"right",sorttype:"float"}, {name:'total',index:'total', width:80,align:"right",sorttype:"float"}, {name:'note',index:'note', width:150, sortable:false} ], pager: '#pager', rowNum:10, rowList:[10,20,30], sortname: 'id', sortorder: 'desc', viewrecords: true, multiselect: true, imgpath: "lib/basic/images", caption: "Manipulating Array Data" }); }); var mydata = [ {id:"1",invdate:"2007-10-01",name:"test",note:"note",amount:"200.00",tax:"10.00",total:"210.00"}, {id:"2",invdate:"2007-10-02",name:"test2",note:"note2",amount:"300.00",tax:"20.00",total:"320.00"}, {id:"3",invdate:"2007-09-01",name:"test3",note:"note3",amount:"400.00",tax:"30.00",total:"430.00"}, {id:"4",invdate:"2007-10-04",name:"test",note:"note",amount:"200.00",tax:"10.00",total:"210.00"}, {id:"5",invdate:"2007-10-05",name:"test2",note:"note2",amount:"300.00",tax:"20.00",total:"320.00"}, {id:"6",invdate:"2007-09-06",name:"test3",note:"note3",amount:"400.00",tax:"30.00",total:"430.00"}, {id:"7",invdate:"2007-10-04",name:"test",note:"note",amount:"200.00",tax:"10.00",total:"210.00"}, {id:"8",invdate:"2007-10-03",name:"test2",note:"note2",amount:"300.00",tax:"20.00",total:"320.00"}, {id:"9",invdate:"2007-09-01",name:"test3",note:"note3",amount:"400.00",tax:"30.00",total:"430.00"} ]; for(var i=0;i<=mydata.length;i++) jQuery("#list").jqGrid('addRowData',i + 1, mydata1[i]); </script> </head> <body> <table id="list" class="scroll"></table> <div id="pager" class="scroll" style="text-align:center;"></div> </body>

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Transparency and AlphaBlending

- by TechTwaddle

In this post we'll look at the AlphaBlend() api and how it can be used for semi-transparent blitting. AlphaBlend() takes a source device context and a destination device context (DC) and combines the bits in such a way that it gives a transparent effect. Follow the links for the msdn documentation. So lets take a image like, and AlphaBlend() it on our window. The code to do so is below, (under the WM_PAINT message of WndProc) HBITMAP hBitmap=NULL, hBitmapOld=NULL; HDC hMemDC=NULL; BLENDFUNCTION bf; hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); hBitmap = LoadBitmap(g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_BITMAP1)); hBitmapOld = SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap); bf.BlendOp = AC_SRC_OVER; bf.BlendFlags = 0; bf.SourceConstantAlpha = 80; //transparency value between 0-255 bf.AlphaFormat = 0; AlphaBlend(hdc, 0, 25, 240, 100, hMemDC, 0, 0, 240, 100, bf); SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmapOld); DeleteDC(hMemDC); DeleteObject(hBitmap); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); The code above creates a memory DC (hMemDC) using CreateCompatibleDC(), loads a bitmap onto the memory DC and AlphaBlends it on the device DC (hdc), with a transparency value of 80. The result is: Pretty simple till now. Now lets try to do something a little more exciting. Lets get two images involved, each overlapping the other, giving a better demonstration of transparency. I am also going to add a few buttons so that the user can increase or decrease the transparency by clicking on the buttons. Since this is the first time I played around with GDI apis, I ran into something that everybody runs into sometime or the other, flickering. When clicking the buttons the images would flicker a lot, I figured out why and used something called double buffering to avoid flickering. We will look at both my first implementation and the second implementation just to give the concept a little more depth and perspective. A few pre-conditions before I dive into the code: - hBitmap and hBitmap2 are handles to the two images obtained using LoadBitmap(), these variables are global and are initialized under WM_CREATE - The two buttons in the application are labeled Opaque++ (make more opaque, less transparent) and Opaque-- (make less opaque, more transparent) - DrawPics(HWND hWnd, int step=0); is the function called to draw the images on the screen. This is called from under WM_PAINT and also when the buttons are clicked. When Opaque++ is clicked the 'step' value passed to DrawPics() is +20 and when Opaque-- is clicked the 'step' value is -20. The default value of 'step' is 0 Now lets take a look at my first implementation: //this funciton causes flicker, cos it draws directly to screen several times void DrawPics(HWND hWnd, int step) { HDC hdc=NULL, hMemDC=NULL; BLENDFUNCTION bf; static UINT32 transparency = 100; //no point in drawing when transparency is 0 and user clicks Opaque-- if (transparency == 0 && step < 0) return; //no point in drawing when transparency is 240 (opaque) and user clicks Opaque++ if (transparency == 240 && step > 0) return; hdc = GetDC(hWnd); if (!hdc) return; //create a memory DC hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); if (!hMemDC) { ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); return; } //while increasing transparency, clear the contents of screen if (step < 0) { RECT rect = {0, 0, 240, 200}; FillRect(hdc, &rect, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)); } SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap2); BitBlt(hdc, 0, 25, 240, 100, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap); transparency += step; if (transparency >= 240) transparency = 240; if (transparency <= 0) transparency = 0; bf.BlendOp = AC_SRC_OVER; bf.BlendFlags = 0; bf.SourceConstantAlpha = transparency; bf.AlphaFormat = 0; AlphaBlend(hdc, 0, 75, 240, 100, hMemDC, 0, 0, 240, 100, bf); DeleteDC(hMemDC); ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); } In the code above, we first get the window DC using GetDC() and create a memory DC using CreateCompatibleDC(). Then we select hBitmap2 onto the memory DC and Blt it on the window DC (hdc). Next, we select the other image, hBitmap, onto memory DC and AlphaBlend() it over window DC. As I told you before, this implementation causes flickering because it draws directly on the screen (hdc) several times. The video below shows what happens when the buttons were clicked rapidly: Well, the video recording tool I use captures only 15 frames per second and so the flickering is not visible in the video. So you're gonna have to trust me on this, it flickers (; To solve this problem we make sure that the drawing to the screen happens only once and to do that we create an additional memory DC, hTempDC. We perform all our drawing on this memory DC and finally when it is ready we Blt hTempDC on hdc, and the images are displayed in one go. Here is the code for our new DrawPics() function: //no flicker void DrawPics(HWND hWnd, int step) { HDC hdc=NULL, hMemDC=NULL, hTempDC=NULL; BLENDFUNCTION bf; HBITMAP hBitmapTemp=NULL, hBitmapOld=NULL; static UINT32 transparency = 100; //no point in drawing when transparency is 0 and user clicks Opaque-- if (transparency == 0 && step < 0) return; //no point in drawing when transparency is 240 (opaque) and user clicks Opaque++ if (transparency == 240 && step > 0) return; hdc = GetDC(hWnd); if (!hdc) return; hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); hTempDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); hBitmapTemp = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, 240, 150); hBitmapOld = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hTempDC, hBitmapTemp); if (!hMemDC) { ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); return; } //while increasing transparency, clear the contents if (step < 0) { RECT rect = {0, 0, 240, 150}; FillRect(hTempDC, &rect, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH)); } SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap2); //Blt hBitmap2 directly to hTempDC BitBlt(hTempDC, 0, 0, 240, 100, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap); transparency += step; if (transparency >= 240) transparency = 240; if (transparency <= 0) transparency = 0; bf.BlendOp = AC_SRC_OVER; bf.BlendFlags = 0; bf.SourceConstantAlpha = transparency; bf.AlphaFormat = 0; AlphaBlend(hTempDC, 0, 50, 240, 100, hMemDC, 0, 0, 240, 100, bf); //now hTempDC is ready, blt it directly on hdc BitBlt(hdc, 0, 25, 240, 150, hTempDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); SelectObject(hTempDC, hBitmapOld); DeleteObject(hBitmapTemp); DeleteDC(hMemDC); DeleteDC(hTempDC); ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc); } This function is very similar to the first version, except for the use of hTempDC. Another point to note is the use of CreateCompatibleBitmap(). When a memory device context is created using CreateCompatibleDC(), the context is exactly one monochrome pixel high and one monochrome pixel wide. So in order for us to draw anything onto hTempDC, we first have to set a bitmap on it. We use CreateCompatibleBitmap() to create a bitmap of required dimension (240x150 above), and then select this bitmap onto hTempDC. Think of it as utilizing an extra canvas, drawing everything on the canvas and finally transferring the contents to the display in one scoop. And with this version the flickering is gone, video follows: If you want the entire solutions source code then leave a message, I will share the code over SkyDrive.

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Highlight Row in GridView with Colored Columns

- by Vincent Maverick Durano

I wrote a blog post a while back before here that demonstrate how to highlight a GridView row on mouseover and as you can see its very easy to highlight rows in GridView. One of my colleague uses the same technique for implemeting gridview row highlighting but the problem is that if a Column has background color on it that cell will not be highlighted anymore. To make it more clear then let's build up a sample application. ASPX: 1: <asp:GridView runat="server" id="GridView1" onrowcreated="GridView1_RowCreated" 2: onrowdatabound="GridView1_RowDataBound"> 3: </asp:GridView> CODE BEHIND: 1: private DataTable FillData() { 2: 3: DataTable dt = new DataTable(); 4: DataRow dr = null; 5: 6: //Create DataTable columns 7: dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("RowNumber", typeof(string))); 8: dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Col1", typeof(string))); 9: dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Col2", typeof(string))); 10: dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Col3", typeof(string))); 11: 12: //Create Row for each columns 13: dr = dt.NewRow(); 14: dr["RowNumber"] = 1; 15: dr["Col1"] = "A"; 16: dr["Col2"] = "B"; 17: dr["Col3"] = "C"; 18: dt.Rows.Add(dr); 19: 20: dr = dt.NewRow(); 21: dr["RowNumber"] = 2; 22: dr["Col1"] = "AA"; 23: dr["Col2"] = "BB"; 24: dr["Col3"] = "CC"; 25: dt.Rows.Add(dr); 26: 27: dr = dt.NewRow(); 28: dr["RowNumber"] = 3; 29: dr["Col1"] = "A"; 30: dr["Col2"] = "B"; 31: dr["Col3"] = "CC"; 32: dt.Rows.Add(dr); 33: 34: dr = dt.NewRow(); 35: dr["RowNumber"] = 4; 36: dr["Col1"] = "A"; 37: dr["Col2"] = "B"; 38: dr["Col3"] = "CC"; 39: dt.Rows.Add(dr); 40: 41: dr = dt.NewRow(); 42: dr["RowNumber"] = 5; 43: dr["Col1"] = "A"; 44: dr["Col2"] = "B"; 45: dr["Col3"] = "CC"; 46: dt.Rows.Add(dr); 47: 48: return dt; 49: } 50: 51: protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { 52: if (!IsPostBack) { 53: GridView1.DataSource = FillData(); 54: GridView1.DataBind(); 55: } 56: } As you can see there's nothing fancy in the code above. It just contain a method that fills a DataTable with a dummy data on it. Now here's the code for row highlighting: 1: protected void GridView1_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { 2: //Set Background Color for Columns 1 and 3 3: e.Row.Cells[1].BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Beige; 4: e.Row.Cells[3].BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; 5: 6: //Attach onmouseover and onmouseout for row highlighting 7: e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "this.style.backgroundColor='Blue'"); 8: e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "this.style.backgroundColor=''"); 9: } Running the code above will show something like this in the browser: On initial load: On mouseover of GridView row: Noticed that Col1 and Col3 are not highlighted. Why? the reason is that Col1 and Col3 cells has background color set on it and we only highlight the rows (TR) and not the columns (TD) that's why on mouseover only the rows will be highlighted. To fix the issue we will create a javascript method that would remove the background color of the columns when highlighting a row and on mouseout set back the original color that is set on Col1 and Col3. Here are the codes below: JavaScript 1: <script type="text/javascript"> 2: function HighLightRow(rowIndex, colIndex,colIndex2, flag) { 3: var gv = document.getElementById("<%= GridView1.ClientID %>"); 4: var selRow = gv.rows[rowIndex]; 5: if (rowIndex > 0) { 6: if (flag == "sel") { 7: gv.rows[rowIndex].style.backgroundColor = 'Blue'; 8: gv.rows[rowIndex].style.color = "White"; 9: gv.rows[rowIndex].cells[colIndex].style.backgroundColor = ''; 10: gv.rows[rowIndex].cells[colIndex2].style.backgroundColor = ''; 11: } 12: else { 13: gv.rows[rowIndex].style.backgroundColor = ''; 14: gv.rows[rowIndex].style.color = "Black"; 15: gv.rows[rowIndex].cells[colIndex].style.backgroundColor = 'Beige'; 16: gv.rows[rowIndex].cells[colIndex2].style.backgroundColor = 'Red'; 17: } 18: } 19: } 20: </script> The HighLightRow method is a javascript function that accepts four (4) parameters which are the rowIndex,colIndex,colIndex2 and the flag. The rowIndex is the current row index of the selected row in GridView. The colIndex is the index of Col1 and colIndex2 is the index of col3. We are passing these index because these columns has background color on it and we need to toggle its backgroundcolor when highlighting the row in GridView. Finally the flag is something that would determine if its selected or not. Now here's the code for calling the JavaScript function above. 1: protected void GridView1_RowCreated(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e) { 2: 3: //Set Background Color for Columns 1 and 3 4: e.Row.Cells[1].BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Beige; 5: e.Row.Cells[3].BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red; 6: 7: //Attach onmouseover and onmouseout for row highlighting 8: //and call the HighLightRow method with the required parameters 9: int index = e.Row.RowIndex + 1; 10: e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseover", "HighLightRow(" + index + "," + 1 + "," + 3 + ",'sel')"); 11: e.Row.Attributes.Add("onmouseout", "HighLightRow(" + index + "," + 1 + "," + 3 + ",'dsel')"); 12: 13: } Running the code above will display something like this: On initial load: On mouseover of GridView row: That's it! I hope someone find this post useful!

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Wrapping ASP.NET Client Callbacks

- by Ricardo Peres

Client Callbacks are probably the less known (and I dare say, less loved) of all the AJAX options in ASP.NET, which also include the UpdatePanel, Page Methods and Web Services. The reason for that, I believe, is it’s relative complexity: Get a reference to a JavaScript function; Dynamically register function that calls the above reference; Have a JavaScript handler call the registered function. However, it has some the nice advantage of being self-contained, that is, doesn’t need additional files, such as web services, JavaScript libraries, etc, or static methods declared on a page, or any kind of attributes. So, here’s what I want to do: Have a DOM element which exposes a method that is executed server side, passing it a string and returning a string; Have a server-side event that handles the client-side call; Have two client-side user-supplied callback functions for handling the success and error results. I’m going to develop a custom control without user interface that does the registration of the client JavaScript method as well as a server-side event that can be hooked by some handler on a page. My markup will look like this: 1: <script type="text/javascript"> 1: 2: 3: function onCallbackSuccess(result, context) 4: { 5: } 6: 7: function onCallbackError(error, context) 8: { 9: } 10: </script> 2: <my:CallbackControl runat="server" ID="callback" SendAllData="true" OnCallback="OnCallback"/> The control itself looks like this: 1: public class CallbackControl : Control, ICallbackEventHandler 2: { 3: #region Public constructor 4: public CallbackControl() 5: { 6: this.SendAllData = false; 7: this.Async = true; 8: } 9: #endregion 10: 11: #region Public properties and events 12: public event EventHandler<CallbackEventArgs> Callback; 13: 14: [DefaultValue(true)] 15: public Boolean Async 16: { 17: get; 18: set; 19: } 20: 21: [DefaultValue(false)] 22: public Boolean SendAllData 23: { 24: get; 25: set; 26: } 27: 28: #endregion 29: 30: #region Protected override methods 31: 32: protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer) 33: { 34: writer.AddAttribute(HtmlTextWriterAttribute.Id, this.ClientID); 35: writer.RenderBeginTag(HtmlTextWriterTag.Span); 36: 37: base.Render(writer); 38: 39: writer.RenderEndTag(); 40: } 41: 42: protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) 43: { 44: String reference = this.Page.ClientScript.GetCallbackEventReference(this, "arg", "onCallbackSuccess", "context", "onCallbackError", this.Async); 45: String script = String.Concat("\ndocument.getElementById('", this.ClientID, "').callback = function(arg, context, onCallbackSuccess, onCallbackError){", ((this.SendAllData == true) ? "__theFormPostCollection.length = 0; __theFormPostData = ''; WebForm_InitCallback(); " : String.Empty), reference, ";};\n"); 46: 47: this.Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), String.Concat("callback", this.ClientID), script, true); 48: 49: base.OnInit(e); 50: } 51: 52: #endregion 53: 54: #region Protected virtual methods 55: protected virtual void OnCallback(CallbackEventArgs args) 56: { 57: EventHandler<CallbackEventArgs> handler = this.Callback; 58: 59: if (handler != null) 60: { 61: handler(this, args); 62: } 63: } 64: 65: #endregion 66: 67: #region ICallbackEventHandler Members 68: 69: String ICallbackEventHandler.GetCallbackResult() 70: { 71: CallbackEventArgs args = new CallbackEventArgs(this.Context.Items["Data"] as String); 72: 73: this.OnCallback(args); 74: 75: return (args.Result); 76: } 77: 78: void ICallbackEventHandler.RaiseCallbackEvent(String eventArgument) 79: { 80: this.Context.Items["Data"] = eventArgument; 81: } 82: 83: #endregion 84: } And the event argument class: 1: [Serializable] 2: public class CallbackEventArgs : EventArgs 3: { 4: public CallbackEventArgs(String argument) 5: { 6: this.Argument = argument; 7: this.Result = String.Empty; 8: } 9: 10: public String Argument 11: { 12: get; 13: private set; 14: } 15: 16: public String Result 17: { 18: get; 19: set; 20: } 21: } You will notice two properties on the CallbackControl: Async: indicates if the call should be made asynchronously or synchronously (the default); SendAllData: indicates if the callback call will include the view and control state of all of the controls on the page, so that, on the server side, they will have their properties set when the Callback event is fired. The CallbackEventArgs class exposes two properties: Argument: the read-only argument passed to the client-side function; Result: the result to return to the client-side callback function, set from the Callback event handler. An example of an handler for the Callback event would be: 1: protected void OnCallback(Object sender, CallbackEventArgs e) 2: { 3: e.Result = String.Join(String.Empty, e.Argument.Reverse()); 4: } Finally, in order to fire the Callback event from the client, you only need this: 1: <input type="text" id="input"/> 2: <input type="button" value="Get Result" onclick="document.getElementById('callback').callback(callback(document.getElementById('input').value, 'context', onCallbackSuccess, onCallbackError))"/> The syntax of the callback function is: arg: some string argument; context: some context that will be passed to the callback functions (success or failure); callbackSuccessFunction: some function that will be called when the callback succeeds; callbackFailureFunction: some function that will be called if the callback fails for some reason. Give it a try and see if it helps!

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Partial Page Rendering in OAF Page

- by PRajkumar

Let us try to implement partial page rendering for a text item. If value of TextItem1 is null then TextItem2 will not be appreared on UI. If value of TextItem1 is not null then TextItem2 will be appreared on UI. 1. Create a New OA Workspace and Empty OA Project File> New > General> Workspace Configured for Oracle Applications File Name -- PPRProj Project Name – PPRDemoProj Default Package -- prajkumar.oracle.apps.fnd.pprdemo 2. Create Application Module AM PPRDemoProj right click > New > ADF Business Components > Application Module Name -- PPRAM Package -- prajkumar.oracle.apps.fnd.pprdemo.server Check Application Module Class: PPRAMImpl Generate JavaFile(s) 3. Create a PPRVO View Object PPRDemoProj> New > ADF Business Components > View Objects Name – PPRVO Package – prajkumar.oracle.apps.fnd.pprdemo.server In Attribute Page Click on New button and create transient primary key attribute with the following properties: Attribute Property Name RowKey Type Number Updateable Always Key Attribute (Checked) Click New button again and create transient attribute with the following properties: Attribute Property Name TextItem2Render Type Boolean Updateable Always Note – No Need to generate any JAVA files for PPRVO 4. Add Your View Object to Root UI Application Module Right click on PPRAM > Edit PPRAM > Data Model > Select PPRVO in Available View Objects list and shuttle to Data Model list 5. Create a OA components Page PPRDemoProj right click > New > OA Components > Page Name – PPRPG Package -- prajkumar.oracle.apps.fnd.pprdemo.webui 6. Modify the Page Layout (Top-level) Region Attribute Property ID PageLayoutRN Region Style pageLayout Form Property True Auto Footer True Window Title PPR Demo Window Title True Title PPR Demo Page Header AM Definition prajkumar.oracle.apps.fnd.pprdemo.server.PPRAM 7. Create the Second Region (Main Content Region) Right click on PageLayoutRN > New > Region Attribute Property ID MainRN Region Style messageComponentLayout 8. Create Two Text Items Create First messageTextItem -- Right click on MainRN > New > messageTextInput Attribute Property ID TextItem1 Region Style messageTextInput Prompt Text Item1 Length 20 Disable Server Side Validation True Disable Client Side Validation True Action Type firePartialAction Event TextItem1Change Submit True Note -- Disable Client Side Validation and Event property appears after you set the Action Type property to firePartialAction Create Second messageTextItem -- Select MainRN right click > New > messageTextInput Attribute Property ID TextItem2 Region Style messageTextInput Prompt Text Item2 Length 20 Rendered ${oa.PPRVO1.TextItem2Render} 9. Add Following code in PPRAMImpl.java import oracle.apps.fnd.framework.OARow; import oracle.apps.fnd.framework.OAViewObject; import oracle.apps.fnd.framework.server.OAApplicationModuleImpl; import oracle.apps.fnd.framework.server.OAViewObjectImpl; public void handlePPRAction() { Number val = 1; OAViewObject vo = (OAViewObject)findViewObject("PPRVO1"); if (vo != null) { if (vo.getFetchedRowCount() == 0) { vo.setMaxFetchSize(0); vo.executeQuery(); vo.insertRow(vo.createRow()); OARow row = (OARow)vo.first(); row.setAttribute("RowKey", val); row.setAttribute("TextItem2Render", Boolean.FALSE); } } } 10. Implement Controller for Page Select PageLayoutRN in Structure pane right click > Set New Controller Package Name -- prajkumar.oracle.apps.fnd.pprdemo.webui Class Name – PPRCO Write following code in processFormRequest function of PPRCO Controller import oracle.apps.fnd.framework.OARow; import oracle.apps.fnd.framework.OAViewObject; public void processRequest(OAPageContext pageContext, OAWebBean webBean) { super.processRequest(pageContext, webBean); PPRAMImpl am = (PPRAMImpl)pageContext.getApplicationModule(webBean); am.invokeMethod("handlePPRAction"); } public void processFormRequest(OAPageContext pageContext, OAWebBean webBean) { super.processFormRequest(pageContext, webBean); PPRAMImpl am = (PPRAMImpl)pageContext.getApplicationModule(webBean); OAViewObject vo = (OAViewObject)am.findViewObject("PPRVO1"); OARow row = (OARow)vo.getCurrentRow(); if ("TextItem1Change".equals(pageContext.getParameter(EVENT_PARAM))) { if (pageContext.getParameter("TextItem1").equals("")) { row.setAttribute("TextItem2Render", Boolean.FALSE); } else { row.setAttribute("TextItem2Render", Boolean.TRUE); } } } 11. Congratulation you have successfully finished. Run Your PPRPG page and Test Your Work

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TFS 2010 SDK: Smart Merge - Programmatically Create your own Merge Tool

- by Tarun Arora

Technorati Tags: Team Foundation Server 2010,TFS SDK,TFS API,TFS Merge Programmatically,TFS Work Items Programmatically,TFS Administration Console,ALM The information available in the Merge window in Team Foundation Server 2010 is very important in the decision making during the merging process. However, at present the merge window shows very limited information, more that often you are interested to know the work item, files modified, code reviewer notes, policies overridden, etc associated with the change set. Our friends at Microsoft are working hard to change the game again with vNext, but because at present the merge window is a model window you have to cancel the merge process and go back one after the other to check the additional information you need. If you can relate to what i am saying, you will enjoy this blog post! I will show you how to programmatically create your own merging window using the TFS 2010 API. A few screen shots of the WPF TFS 2010 API – Custom Merging Application that we will be creating programmatically, Excited??? Let’s start coding… 1. Get All Team Project Collections for the TFS Server You can read more on connecting to TFS programmatically on my blog post => How to connect to TFS Programmatically 1: public static ReadOnlyCollection<CatalogNode> GetAllTeamProjectCollections() 2: { 3: TfsConfigurationServer configurationServer = 4: TfsConfigurationServerFactory. 5: GetConfigurationServer(new Uri("http://xxx:8080/tfs/")); 6: 7: CatalogNode catalogNode = configurationServer.CatalogNode; 8: return catalogNode.QueryChildren(new Guid[] 9: { CatalogResourceTypes.ProjectCollection }, 10: false, CatalogQueryOptions.None); 11: } 2. Get All Team Projects for the selected Team Project Collection You can read more on connecting to TFS programmatically on my blog post => How to connect to TFS Programmatically 1: public static ReadOnlyCollection<CatalogNode> GetTeamProjects(string instanceId) 2: { 3: ReadOnlyCollection<CatalogNode> teamProjects = null; 4: 5: TfsConfigurationServer configurationServer = 6: TfsConfigurationServerFactory.GetConfigurationServer(new Uri("http://xxx:8080/tfs/")); 7: 8: CatalogNode catalogNode = configurationServer.CatalogNode; 9: var teamProjectCollections = catalogNode.QueryChildren(new Guid[] {CatalogResourceTypes.ProjectCollection }, 10: false, CatalogQueryOptions.None); 11: 12: foreach (var teamProjectCollection in teamProjectCollections) 13: { 14: if (string.Compare(teamProjectCollection.Resource.Properties["InstanceId"], instanceId, true) == 0) 15: { 16: teamProjects = teamProjectCollection.QueryChildren(new Guid[] { CatalogResourceTypes.TeamProject }, false, 17: CatalogQueryOptions.None); 18: } 19: } 20: 21: return teamProjects; 22: } 3. Get All Branches with in a Team Project programmatically I will be passing the name of the Team Project for which i want to retrieve all the branches. When consuming the ‘Version Control Service’ you have the method QueryRootBranchObjects, you need to pass the recursion type => none, one, full. Full implies you are interested in all branches under that root branch. 1: public static List<BranchObject> GetParentBranch(string projectName) 2: { 3: var branches = new List<BranchObject>(); 4: 5: var tfs = TfsTeamProjectCollectionFactory.GetTeamProjectCollection(new Uri("http://<ServerName>:8080/tfs/<teamProjectName>")); 6: var versionControl = tfs.GetService<VersionControlServer>(); 7: 8: var allBranches = versionControl.QueryRootBranchObjects(RecursionType.Full); 9: 10: foreach (var branchObject in allBranches) 11: { 12: if (branchObject.Properties.RootItem.Item.ToUpper().Contains(projectName.ToUpper())) 13: { 14: branches.Add(branchObject); 15: } 16: } 17: 18: return branches; 19: } 4. Get All Branches associated to the Parent Branch Programmatically Now that we have the parent branch, it is important to retrieve all child branches of that parent branch. Lets see how we can achieve this using the TFS API. 1: public static List<ItemIdentifier> GetChildBranch(string parentBranch) 2: { 3: var branches = new List<ItemIdentifier>(); 4: 5: var tfs = TfsTeamProjectCollectionFactory.GetTeamProjectCollection(new Uri("http://<ServerName>:8080/tfs/<CollectionName>")); 6: var versionControl = tfs.GetService<VersionControlServer>(); 7: 8: var i = new ItemIdentifier(parentBranch); 9: var allBranches = 10: versionControl.QueryBranchObjects(i, RecursionType.None); 11: 12: foreach (var branchObject in allBranches) 13: { 14: foreach (var childBranche in branchObject.ChildBranches) 15: { 16: branches.Add(childBranche); 17: } 18: } 19: 20: return branches; 21: } 5. Get Merge candidates between two branches Programmatically Now that we have the parent and the child branch that we are interested to perform a merge between we will use the method ‘GetMergeCandidates’ in the namespace ‘Microsoft.TeamFoundation.VersionControl.Client’ => http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb138934(v=VS.100).aspx 1: public static MergeCandidate[] GetMergeCandidates(string fromBranch, string toBranch) 2: { 3: var tfs = TfsTeamProjectCollectionFactory.GetTeamProjectCollection(new Uri("http://<ServerName>:8080/tfs/<CollectionName>")); 4: var versionControl = tfs.GetService<VersionControlServer>(); 5: 6: return versionControl.GetMergeCandidates(fromBranch, toBranch, RecursionType.Full); 7: } 6. Get changeset details Programatically Now that we have the changeset id that we are interested in, we can get details of the changeset. The Changeset object contains the properties => http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.teamfoundation.versioncontrol.client.changeset.aspx - Changes: Gets or sets an array of Change objects that comprise this changeset. - CheckinNote: Gets or sets the check-in note of the changeset. - Comment: Gets or sets the comment of the changeset. - PolicyOverride: Gets or sets the policy override information of this changeset. - WorkItems: Gets an array of work items that are associated with this changeset. 1: public static Changeset GetChangeSetDetails(int changeSetId) 2: { 3: var tfs = TfsTeamProjectCollectionFactory.GetTeamProjectCollection(new Uri("http://<ServerName>:8080/tfs/<CollectionName>")); 4: var versionControl = tfs.GetService<VersionControlServer>(); 5: 6: return versionControl.GetChangeset(changeSetId); 7: } 7. Possibilities In future posts i will try and extend this idea to explore further possibilities, but few features that i am sure will further help during the merge decision making process would be, - View changed files - Compare modified file with current/previous version - Merge Preview - Last Merge date Any other features that you can think of?

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C#: Optional Parameters - Pros and Pitfalls

- by James Michael Hare

When Microsoft rolled out Visual Studio 2010 with C# 4, I was very excited to learn how I could apply all the new features and enhancements to help make me and my team more productive developers. Default parameters have been around forever in C++, and were intentionally omitted in Java in favor of using overloading to satisfy that need as it was though that having too many default parameters could introduce code safety issues. To some extent I can understand that move, as I’ve been bitten by default parameter pitfalls before, but at the same time I feel like Java threw out the baby with the bathwater in that move and I’m glad to see C# now has them. This post briefly discusses the pros and pitfalls of using default parameters. I’m avoiding saying cons, because I really don’t believe using default parameters is a negative thing, I just think there are things you must watch for and guard against to avoid abuses that can cause code safety issues. Pro: Default Parameters Can Simplify Code Let’s start out with positives. Consider how much cleaner it is to reduce all the overloads in methods or constructors that simply exist to give the semblance of optional parameters. For example, we could have a Message class defined which allows for all possible initializations of a Message: 1: public class Message 2: { 3: // can either cascade these like this or duplicate the defaults (which can introduce risk) 4: public Message() 5: : this(string.Empty) 6: { 7: } 8: 9: public Message(string text) 10: : this(text, null) 11: { 12: } 13: 14: public Message(string text, IDictionary<string, string> properties) 15: : this(text, properties, -1) 16: { 17: } 18: 19: public Message(string text, IDictionary<string, string> properties, long timeToLive) 20: { 21: // ... 22: } 23: } Now consider the same code with default parameters: 1: public class Message 2: { 3: // can either cascade these like this or duplicate the defaults (which can introduce risk) 4: public Message(string text = "", IDictionary<string, string> properties = null, long timeToLive = -1) 5: { 6: // ... 7: } 8: } Much more clean and concise and no repetitive coding! In addition, in the past if you wanted to be able to cleanly supply timeToLive and accept the default on text and properties above, you would need to either create another overload, or pass in the defaults explicitly. With named parameters, though, we can do this easily: 1: var msg = new Message(timeToLive: 100); Pro: Named Parameters can Improve Readability I must say one of my favorite things with the default parameters addition in C# is the named parameters. It lets code be a lot easier to understand visually with no comments. Think how many times you’ve run across a TimeSpan declaration with 4 arguments and wondered if they were passing in days/hours/minutes/seconds or hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds. A novice running through your code may wonder what it is. Named arguments can help resolve the visual ambiguity: 1: // is this days/hours/minutes/seconds (no) or hours/minutes/seconds/milliseconds (yes) 2: var ts = new TimeSpan(1, 2, 3, 4); 3: 4: // this however is visually very explicit 5: var ts = new TimeSpan(days: 1, hours: 2, minutes: 3, seconds: 4); Or think of the times you’ve run across something passing a Boolean literal and wondered what it was: 1: // what is false here? 2: var sub = CreateSubscriber(hostname, port, false); 3: 4: // aha! Much more visibly clear 5: var sub = CreateSubscriber(hostname, port, isBuffered: false); Pitfall: Don't Insert new Default Parameters In Between Existing Defaults Now let’s consider a two potential pitfalls. The first is really an abuse. It’s not really a fault of the default parameters themselves, but a fault in the use of them. Let’s consider that Message constructor again with defaults. Let’s say you want to add a messagePriority to the message and you think this is more important than a timeToLive value, so you decide to put messagePriority before it in the default, this gives you: 1: public class Message 2: { 3: public Message(string text = "", IDictionary<string, string> properties = null, int priority = 5, long timeToLive = -1) 4: { 5: // ... 6: } 7: } Oh boy have we set ourselves up for failure! Why? Think of all the code out there that could already be using the library that already specified the timeToLive, such as this possible call: 1: var msg = new Message(“An error occurred”, myProperties, 1000); Before this specified a message with a TTL of 1000, now it specifies a message with a priority of 1000 and a time to live of -1 (infinite). All of this with NO compiler errors or warnings. So the rule to take away is if you are adding new default parameters to a method that’s currently in use, make sure you add them to the end of the list or create a brand new method or overload. Pitfall: Beware of Default Parameters in Inheritance and Interface Implementation Now, the second potential pitfalls has to do with inheritance and interface implementation. I’ll illustrate with a puzzle: 1: public interface ITag 2: { 3: void WriteTag(string tagName = "ITag"); 4: } 5: 6: public class BaseTag : ITag 7: { 8: public virtual void WriteTag(string tagName = "BaseTag") { Console.WriteLine(tagName); } 9: } 10: 11: public class SubTag : BaseTag 12: { 13: public override void WriteTag(string tagName = "SubTag") { Console.WriteLine(tagName); } 14: } 15: 16: public static class Program 17: { 18: public static void Main() 19: { 20: SubTag subTag = new SubTag(); 21: BaseTag subByBaseTag = subTag; 22: ITag subByInterfaceTag = subTag; 23: 24: // what happens here? 25: subTag.WriteTag(); 26: subByBaseTag.WriteTag(); 27: subByInterfaceTag.WriteTag(); 28: } 29: } What happens? Well, even though the object in each case is SubTag whose tag is “SubTag”, you will get: 1: SubTag 2: BaseTag 3: ITag Why? Because default parameter are resolved at compile time, not runtime! This means that the default does not belong to the object being called, but by the reference type it’s being called through. Since the SubTag instance is being called through an ITag reference, it will use the default specified in ITag. So the moral of the story here is to be very careful how you specify defaults in interfaces or inheritance hierarchies. I would suggest avoiding repeating them, and instead concentrating on the layer of classes or interfaces you must likely expect your caller to be calling from. For example, if you have a messaging factory that returns an IMessage which can be either an MsmqMessage or JmsMessage, it only makes since to put the defaults at the IMessage level since chances are your user will be using the interface only. So let’s sum up. In general, I really love default and named parameters in C# 4.0. I think they’re a great tool to help make your code easier to read and maintain when used correctly. On the plus side, default parameters: Reduce redundant overloading for the sake of providing optional calling structures. Improve readability by being able to name an ambiguous argument. But remember to make sure you: Do not insert new default parameters in the middle of an existing set of default parameters, this may cause unpredictable behavior that may not necessarily throw a syntax error – add to end of list or create new method. Be extremely careful how you use default parameters in inheritance hierarchies and interfaces – choose the most appropriate level to add the defaults based on expected usage. Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Software,Default Parameters

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Help me solve my problem with NPR Media Player

- by Calcipher

First of, let me apologize for this getting a bit technical. Several weeks ago, I found that while using NPR's media player (e.g. click on 'Listen to the Show' - this is what I've been using as a test) the stream would suddenly halt after a minute or three. I could not get the stream to restart without reloading the page. Now, I assumed this was an issue with NPR's player and Linux (or just a bug in their stuff in general) so I began to dig, the following is what I have tried to date (please note, the tldr; option is to skip to the latest thing as I think I know what is causing the problem). Note: All testing has been done, for consistency purposes, on a clean install of Chromium with no pluggins running. My machine is Ubuntu 10.10x64. First thing I always try, I disabled all firewall stuff on the system (UFW, default deny all, allow ssh). No change, firewall back up for all additional tests unless otherwise noted. In any case, UFW is stateful, so connections it started on a non-specified on different ports will continue to work. I deleted my ~/.macromeda and ~/.adobe folders, restarted (just to be sure) and tried. Program still froze. I decided the problem might be with my install of flash, so I purged the version I had (and the home folders again). I installed the x64 version of flash from a PPA. This had no effect. I decided that the problem might be with the version of flash, so I purged the x64 version and installed the standard x32 version that comes with Ubuntu. No luck. Back to the x64 version for consistency, I decided to set up a 64-bit mini 'clone' of my system in VirtualBox. I was able to run the media player with no problem. I rsynced (in archive mode) my home directory from my real machine to the virtual machine (with bridged networking, so it was fully visible on the network). I also used a few tricks to install ALL of the same software (and repositories) from the real machine to the virtual machine. I was still able to listen to the player. I decided that the problem was with my install (after all, it had gone through two major version upgrades). As I have /home/ on a separate partition it was easy to reinstall and use the same trick from #6 to have my system up and running again within about an hour. I continue to have issues with the NPR Media Player. By this point the weekend had come. At work, I use a wired connection while at home I use a wireless connection. For some reason I forgot that I was having problems and used the NPR Media Player over the weekend. Low and behold it worked just fine at home on wireless (note: for various reasons, I could not test this on wired at home). Following from #6, I decided that the problem was either something with the network at work or still something with my account. As the latter was easier to test, I created a new account on my system and used that at work. The Media Player worked. At a loss, I decided to watch the traffic with tshark (the text based brother of wireshark) - X's to protect the innocent, I am the XXX.24.200.XXX: sudo tshark -i eth0 -p -t a -R "ip.addr == XXX.24.200.XXX && ip.addr == XXX.166.98.XXX" As you would expect, there were tons and tons of packets, but each and every time the player froze, this is what I got 08:42:20.679200 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP macromedia-fcs 56371 [PSH, ACK] Seq=817686 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1448 TSV=495713325 TSER=396467 08:42:20.718602 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=396475 TSER=495713325 08:42:21.050183 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495713362 TSER=396475 08:42:21.050221 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=396508 TSER=495713362 08:42:21.680548 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495713425 TSER=396508 08:42:21.680605 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=396571 TSER=495713425 08:42:22.910354 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495713548 TSER=396571 08:42:22.910400 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=396694 TSER=495713548 08:42:25.340458 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495713791 TSER=396694 08:42:25.340517 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=396937 TSER=495713791 08:42:30.170698 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495714274 TSER=396937 08:42:30.170746 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=397420 TSER=495714274 08:42:39.801738 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495715237 TSER=397420 08:42:39.801784 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=398383 TSER=495715237 08:42:59.032648 XXX.166.98.XXX - XXX.24.200.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbe] macromedia-fcs 56371 [ACK] Seq=819134 Ack=6 Win=65535 Len=1 TSV=495717160 TSER=398383 08:42:59.032696 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP [TCP ZeroWindowProbeAck] [TCP ZeroWindow] 56371 macromedia-fcs [ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=400306 TSER=495717160 08:43:00.267721 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP 56371 macromedia-fcs [FIN, ACK] Seq=6 Ack=819134 Win=0 Len=0 TSV=400430 TSER=495717160 08:43:00.267827 XXX.24.200.XXX - XXX.166.98.XXX TCP 56371 macromedia-fcs [RST, ACK] Seq=7 Ack=819134 Win=65535 Len=0 TSV=400430 TSER=495717160 So, as you can see, my machine is sending out a ZeroWindow packet (which I think means some buffer or another filled up) which causes the Media Player to halt (unfortunately, terminally - no controls on it really do anything anymore). Any ideas, at all, what would cause this? Why only on eth0 under my main account?

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Segfault when iterating over a map<string, string> and drawing its contents using SDL_TTF

- by Michael Stahre

I'm not entirely sure this question belongs on gamedev.stackexchange, but I'm technically working on a game and working with SDL, so it might not be entirely offtopic. I've written a class called DebugText. The point of the class is to have a nice way of printing values of variables to the game screen. The idea is to call SetDebugText() with the variables in question every time they change or, as is currently the case, every time the game's Update() is called. The issue is that when iterating over the map that contains my variables and their latest updated values, I get segfaults. See the comments in DrawDebugText() below, it specifies where the error happens. I've tried splitting the calls to it-first and it-second into separate lines and found that the problem doesn't always happen when calling it-first. It alters between it-first and it-second. I can't find a pattern. It doesn't fail on every call to DrawDebugText() either. It might fail on the third time DrawDebugText() is called, or it might fail on the fourth. Class header: #ifndef CLIENT_DEBUGTEXT_H #define CLIENT_DEBUGTEXT_H #include <Map> #include <Math.h> #include <sstream> #include <SDL.h> #include <SDL_ttf.h> #include "vector2.h" using std::string; using std::stringstream; using std::map; using std::pair; using game::Vector2; namespace game { class DebugText { private: TTF_Font* debug_text_font; map<string, string>* debug_text_list; public: void SetDebugText(string var, bool value); void SetDebugText(string var, float value); void SetDebugText(string var, int value); void SetDebugText(string var, Vector2 value); void SetDebugText(string var, string value); int DrawDebugText(SDL_Surface*, SDL_Rect*); void InitDebugText(); void Clear(); }; } #endif Class source file: #include "debugtext.h" namespace game { // Copypasta function for handling the toString conversion template <class T> inline string to_string (const T& t) { stringstream ss (stringstream::in | stringstream::out); ss << t; return ss.str(); } // Initializes SDL_TTF and sets its font void DebugText::InitDebugText() { if(TTF_WasInit()) TTF_Quit(); TTF_Init(); debug_text_font = TTF_OpenFont("LiberationSans-Regular.ttf", 16); TTF_SetFontStyle(debug_text_font, TTF_STYLE_NORMAL); } // Iterates over the current debug_text_list and draws every element on the screen. // After drawing with SDL you need to get a rect specifying the area on the screen that was changed and tell SDL that this part of the screen needs to be updated. this is done in the game's Draw() function // This function sets rects_to_update to the new list of rects provided by all of the surfaces and returns the number of rects in the list. These two parameters are used in Draw() when calling on SDL_UpdateRects(), which takes an SDL_Rect* and a list length int DebugText::DrawDebugText(SDL_Surface* screen, SDL_Rect* rects_to_update) { if(debug_text_list == NULL) return 0; if(!TTF_WasInit()) InitDebugText(); rects_to_update = NULL; // Specifying the font color SDL_Color font_color = {0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}; // r, g, b, unused int row_count = 0; string line; // The iterator variable map<string, string>::iterator it; // Gets the iterator and iterates over it for(it = debug_text_list->begin(); it != debug_text_list->end(); it++) { // Takes the first value (the name of the variable) and the second value (the value of the parameter in string form) //---------THIS LINE GIVES ME SEGFAULTS----- line = it->first + ": " + it->second; //------------------------------------------ // Creates a surface with the text on it that in turn can be rendered to the screen itself later SDL_Surface* debug_surface = TTF_RenderText_Solid(debug_text_font, line.c_str(), font_color); if(debug_surface == NULL) { // A standard check for errors fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s", TTF_GetError()); return NULL; } else { // If SDL_TTF did its job right, then we now set a destination rect row_count++; SDL_Rect dstrect = {5, 5, 0, 0}; // x, y, w, h dstrect.x = 20; dstrect.y = 20*row_count; // Draws the surface with the text on it to the screen int res = SDL_BlitSurface(debug_surface,NULL,screen,&dstrect); if(res != 0) { //Just an error check fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s", SDL_GetError()); return NULL; } // Creates a new rect to specify the area that needs to be updated with SDL_Rect* new_rect_to_update = (SDL_Rect*) malloc(sizeof(SDL_Rect)); new_rect_to_update->h = debug_surface->h; new_rect_to_update->w = debug_surface->w; new_rect_to_update->x = dstrect.x; new_rect_to_update->y = dstrect.y; // Just freeing the surface since it isn't necessary anymore SDL_FreeSurface(debug_surface); // Creates a new list of rects with room for the new rect SDL_Rect* newtemp = (SDL_Rect*) malloc(row_count*sizeof(SDL_Rect)); // Copies the data from the old list of rects to the new one memcpy(newtemp, rects_to_update, (row_count-1)*sizeof(SDL_Rect)); // Adds the new rect to the new list newtemp[row_count-1] = *new_rect_to_update; // Frees the memory used by the old list free(rects_to_update); // And finally redirects the pointer to the old list to the new list rects_to_update = newtemp; newtemp = NULL; } } // When the entire map has been iterated over, return the number of lines that were drawn, ie. the number of rects in the returned rect list return row_count; } // The SetDebugText used by all the SetDebugText overloads // Takes two strings, inserts them into the map as a pair void DebugText::SetDebugText(string var, string value) { if (debug_text_list == NULL) { debug_text_list = new map<string, string>(); } debug_text_list->erase(var); debug_text_list->insert(pair<string, string>(var, value)); } // Writes the bool to a string and calls SetDebugText(string, string) void DebugText::SetDebugText(string var, bool value) { string result; if (value) result = "True"; else result = "False"; SetDebugText(var, result); } // Does the same thing, but uses to_string() to convert the float void DebugText::SetDebugText(string var, float value) { SetDebugText(var, to_string(value)); } // Same as above, but int void DebugText::SetDebugText(string var, int value) { SetDebugText(var, to_string(value)); } // Vector2 is a struct of my own making. It contains the two float vars x and y void DebugText::SetDebugText(string var, Vector2 value) { SetDebugText(var + ".x", to_string(value.x)); SetDebugText(var + ".y", to_string(value.y)); } // Empties the list. I don't actually use this in my code. Shame on me for writing something I don't use. void DebugText::Clear() { if(debug_text_list != NULL) debug_text_list->clear(); } }

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Stuck removing ffmpeg from system due to package problems

- by Michiel

I'd be very grateful to get a bit of support on the following situation: Using Ubuntu 12.04, and I used the PPA of Jon Severinson for ffmpeg. I had a problem playing movies with mplayer, so I decided to remove the PPA and try to use libav only after I read this article about libav vs ffmpeg. I first removed the PPA from the list, then apt-get update, etc. But I couldn't remove ffmpeg due to dependency-errors and got stuck in what seemed some kind of loop. Then I found a suggestion here. I followed the steps, and ended up force-removing libavcodec-extra-53. Because, apparently that was "what got stuff moving again". At the moment I can't. Now Ubuntu is reporting a broken package (BrokenCount 0). Errors: De afhankelijkheden van de volgende pakketten konden niet geïnstalleerd worden: audacious-plugins: Depends: audacious-plugins-data (= 3.2.1-4ubuntu1) maar 3.2.1-4ubuntu1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libcurl3-gnutls (= 7.16.2-1) maar 7.22.0-3ubuntu4 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libgcc1 (= 1:4.1.1) maar 1:4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libpulse0 (= 1:0.99.1) maar 1:1.1-0ubuntu15.1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libstdc++6 (= 4.6) maar 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libwavpack1 (= 4.40.0) maar 4.60.1-2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libxcomposite1 (= 1:0.3-1) maar 1:0.4.3-2build1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.1.4) maar 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 is geïnstalleerd libavfilter-extra-2: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (< 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2-99) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libswresample-extra-0 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libswscale-extra-2 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd libavformat-extra-53: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (< 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2-99) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd libk3b6-extracodecs: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libc6 (= 2.14) maar 2.15-0ubuntu10 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libkdecore5 (= 4:4.4.4) maar 4:4.8.4a-0ubuntu0.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libkio5 (= 4:4.4.4) maar 4:4.8.4a-0ubuntu0.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.7.0~beta1) maar 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libstdc++6 (= 4.1.1) maar 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd libquicktime2: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8~beta2-2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libswscale-extra-2 (= 4:0.8~beta2-2) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd libxine1-ffmpeg: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.7.3-1) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.7.3-1) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libc6 (= 2.4) maar 2.15-0ubuntu10 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libpostproc-extra-52 (= 4:0.7.3-1) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libxine1-bin (= 1.1.20-2build1) maar 1.1.20-2build1 is geïnstalleerd mencoder: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libpostproc-extra-52 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libswscale-extra-2 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd mplayer: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libpostproc-extra-52 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libswscale-extra-2 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd vlc: Depends: vlc-nox (= 2.0.3-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) maar 2.0.3-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libc6 (= 2.15) maar 2.15-0ubuntu10 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libfreetype6 (= 2.2.1) maar 2.4.8-1ubuntu2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libgcc1 (= 1:4.1.1) maar 1:4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libqtcore4 (= 4:4.8.0) maar 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libqtgui4 (= 4:4.7.0~beta1) maar 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu4.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libstdc++6 (= 4.6) maar 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.3.3.dfsg) maar 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 is geïnstalleerd vlc-nox: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libc6 (= 2.15) maar 2.15-0ubuntu10 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libfontconfig1 (= 2.8.0) maar 2.8.0-3ubuntu9.1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libfreetype6 (= 2.2.1) maar 2.4.8-1ubuntu2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libgcc1 (= 1:4.1.1) maar 1:4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libgnutls26 (= 2.12.6.1-0) maar 2.12.14-5ubuntu3.1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libmpcdec6 (= 1:0.1~r435) maar 2:0.1~r459-1ubuntu1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libncursesw5 (= 5.6+20070908) maar 5.9-4 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libpostproc-extra-52 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libsmbclient (= 3.0.24) maar 2:3.6.3-2ubuntu2.3 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libstdc++6 (= 4.6) maar 4.6.3-1ubuntu5 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libswscale-extra-2 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libudev0 (= 147) maar 175-0ubuntu9.1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libxml2 (= 2.7.4) maar 2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu4.1 is geïnstalleerd Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.0.2) maar 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4 is geïnstalleerd xbmc-bin: Depends: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libavfilter-extra-2 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavformat-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libavutil-extra-51 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd Depends: libpostproc-extra-52 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Depends: libswscale-extra-2 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2 is geïnstalleerd And apt-get is reporting: root@LAPTOP:~# apt-get -f install Pakketlijsten worden ingelezen... Klaar Boom van vereisten wordt opgebouwd De status informatie wordt gelezen... Klaar Vereisten worden gecorrigeerd... mislukt. De volgende pakketten hebben niet-voldane vereisten: audacious-plugins : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd libavfilter-extra-2 : Vereisten: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Vereisten: libavcodec-extra-53 (< 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2-99) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd libavformat-extra-53 : Vereisten: libavcodec-extra-53 (= 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd Vereisten: libavcodec-extra-53 (< 6:0.10.4.0ubuntu0jon2.2-99) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd libk3b6-extracodecs : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd libquicktime2 : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8~beta2-2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8~beta2-2) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd libxine1-ffmpeg : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.7.3-1) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.7.3-1) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd mencoder : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd mplayer : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd vlc : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd vlc-nox : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd xbmc-bin : Vereisten: libavcodec53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd of libavcodec-extra-53 (= 4:0.8-1~) maar het is niet geïnstalleerd E: Fout, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve maakte scheidingen aan, dit kan veroorzaakt worden door vastgehouden pakketten. E: Kan vereisten niet corrigeren How to proceed?? Thanks in advance, Michiel

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Thread placement policies on NUMA systems - update

- by Dave

In a prior blog entry I noted that Solaris used a "maximum dispersal" placement policy to assign nascent threads to their initial processors. The general idea is that threads should be placed as far away from each other as possible in the resource topology in order to reduce resource contention between concurrently running threads. This policy assumes that resource contention -- pipelines, memory channel contention, destructive interference in the shared caches, etc -- will likely outweigh (a) any potential communication benefits we might achieve by packing our threads more densely onto a subset of the NUMA nodes, and (b) benefits of NUMA affinity between memory allocated by one thread and accessed by other threads. We want our threads spread widely over the system and not packed together. Conceptually, when placing a new thread, the kernel picks the least loaded node NUMA node (the node with lowest aggregate load average), and then the least loaded core on that node, etc. Furthermore, the kernel places threads onto resources -- sockets, cores, pipelines, etc -- without regard to the thread's process membership. That is, initial placement is process-agnostic. Keep reading, though. This description is incorrect. On Solaris 10 on a SPARC T5440 with 4 x T2+ NUMA nodes, if the system is otherwise unloaded and we launch a process that creates 20 compute-bound concurrent threads, then typically we'll see a perfect balance with 5 threads on each node. We see similar behavior on an 8-node x86 x4800 system, where each node has 8 cores and each core is 2-way hyperthreaded. So far so good; this behavior seems in agreement with the policy I described in the 1st paragraph. I recently tried the same experiment on a 4-node T4-4 running Solaris 11. Both the T5440 and T4-4 are 4-node systems that expose 256 logical thread contexts. To my surprise, all 20 threads were placed onto just one NUMA node while the other 3 nodes remained completely idle. I checked the usual suspects such as processor sets inadvertently left around by colleagues, processors left offline, and power management policies, but the system was configured normally. I then launched multiple concurrent instances of the process, and, interestingly, all the threads from the 1st process landed on one node, all the threads from the 2nd process landed on another node, and so on. This happened even if I interleaved thread creating between the processes, so I was relatively sure the effect didn't related to thread creation time, but rather that placement was a function of process membership. I this point I consulted the Solaris sources and talked with folks in the Solaris group. The new Solaris 11 behavior is intentional. The kernel is no longer using a simple maximum dispersal policy, and thread placement is process membership-aware. Now, even if other nodes are completely unloaded, the kernel will still try to pack new threads onto the home lgroup (socket) of the primordial thread until the load average of that node reaches 50%, after which it will pick the next least loaded node as the process's new favorite node for placement. On the T4-4 we have 64 logical thread contexts (strands) per socket (lgroup), so if we launch 48 concurrent threads we will find 32 placed on one node and 16 on some other node. If we launch 64 threads we'll find 32 and 32. That means we can end up with our threads clustered on a small subset of the nodes in a way that's quite different that what we've seen on Solaris 10. So we have a policy that allows process-aware packing but reverts to spreading threads onto other nodes if a node becomes too saturated. It turns out this policy was enabled in Solaris 10, but certain bugs suppressed the mixed packing/spreading behavior. There are configuration variables in /etc/system that allow us to dial the affinity between nascent threads and their primordial thread up and down: see lgrp_expand_proc_thresh, specifically. In the OpenSolaris source code the key routine is mpo_update_tunables(). This method reads the /etc/system variables and sets up some global variables that will subsequently be used by the dispatcher, which calls lgrp_choose() in lgrp.c to place nascent threads. Lgrp_expand_proc_thresh controls how loaded an lgroup must be before we'll consider homing a process's threads to another lgroup. Tune this value lower to have it spread your process's threads out more. To recap, the 'new' policy is as follows. Threads from the same process are packed onto a subset of the strands of a socket (50% for T-series). Once that socket reaches the 50% threshold the kernel then picks another preferred socket for that process. Threads from unrelated processes are spread across sockets. More precisely, different processes may have different preferred sockets (lgroups). Beware that I've simplified and elided details for the purposes of explication. The truth is in the code. Remarks: It's worth noting that initial thread placement is just that. If there's a gross imbalance between the load on different nodes then the kernel will migrate threads to achieve a better and more even distribution over the set of available nodes. Once a thread runs and gains some affinity for a node, however, it becomes "stickier" under the assumption that the thread has residual cache residency on that node, and that memory allocated by that thread resides on that node given the default "first-touch" page-level NUMA allocation policy. Exactly how the various policies interact and which have precedence under what circumstances could the topic of a future blog entry. The scheduler is work-conserving. The x4800 mentioned above is an interesting system. Each of the 8 sockets houses an Intel 7500-series processor. Each processor has 3 coherent QPI links and the system is arranged as a glueless 8-socket twisted ladder "mobius" topology. Nodes are either 1 or 2 hops distant over the QPI links. As an aside the mapping of logical CPUIDs to physical resources is rather interesting on Solaris/x4800. On SPARC/Solaris the CPUID layout is strictly geographic, with the highest order bits identifying the socket, the next lower bits identifying the core within that socket, following by the pipeline (if present) and finally the logical thread context ("strand") on the core. But on Solaris on the x4800 the CPUID layout is as follows. [6:6] identifies the hyperthread on a core; bits [5:3] identify the socket, or package in Intel terminology; bits [2:0] identify the core within a socket. Such low-level details should be of interest only if you're binding threads -- a bad idea, the kernel typically handles placement best -- or if you're writing NUMA-aware code that's aware of the ambient placement and makes decisions accordingly. Solaris introduced the so-called critical-threads mechanism, which is expressed by putting a thread into the FX scheduling class at priority 60. The critical-threads mechanism applies to placement on cores, not on sockets, however. That is, it's an intra-socket policy, not an inter-socket policy. Solaris 11 introduces the Power Aware Dispatcher (PAD) which packs threads instead of spreading them out in an attempt to be able to keep sockets or cores at lower power levels. Maximum dispersal may be good for performance but is anathema to power management. PAD is off by default, but power management polices constitute yet another confounding factor with respect to scheduling and dispatching. If your threads communicate heavily -- one thread reads cache lines last written by some other thread -- then the new dense packing policy may improve performance by reducing traffic on the coherent interconnect. On the other hand if your threads in your process communicate rarely, then it's possible the new packing policy might result on contention on shared computing resources. Unfortunately there's no simple litmus test that says whether packing or spreading is optimal in a given situation. The answer varies by system load, application, number of threads, and platform hardware characteristics. Currently we don't have the necessary tools and sensoria to decide at runtime, so we're reduced to an empirical approach where we run trials and try to decide on a placement policy. The situation is quite frustrating. Relatedly, it's often hard to determine just the right level of concurrency to optimize throughput. (Understanding constructive vs destructive interference in the shared caches would be a good start. We could augment the lines with a small tag field indicating which strand last installed or accessed a line. Given that, we could augment the CPU with performance counters for misses where a thread evicts a line it installed vs misses where a thread displaces a line installed by some other thread.)

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wireless LAN soft blocked on Ubuntu 13.10

- by iacopo

I've troubles with bluetooth and with lan. When I digit: rfkill list all 0: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no When I digit: lspci -v 00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Root Complex Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Root Complex Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0 00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Trinity [Radeon HD 7600G] (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Trinity [Radeon HD 7600G] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 48 Memory at c0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] I/O ports at f000 [size=256] Memory at feb00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K] Expansion ROM at [disabled] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: radeon 00:01.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Trinity HDMI Audio Controller Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Trinity HDMI Audio Controller Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 49 Memory at feb44000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel 00:10.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB XHCI Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB XHCI Controller Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 18 Memory at feb48000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd 00:11.0 SATA controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 40) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 7800 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 45 I/O ports at f190 [size=8] I/O ports at f180 [size=4] I/O ports at f170 [size=8] I/O ports at f160 [size=4] I/O ports at f150 [size=16] Memory at feb50000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: ahci 00:12.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 10 [OHCI]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18 Memory at feb4f000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K] Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci 00:12.2 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB EHCI Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB EHCI Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 17 Memory at feb4e000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci 00:13.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 10 [OHCI]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18 Memory at feb4d000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K] Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci 00:13.2 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB EHCI Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB EHCI Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 17 Memory at feb4c000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: ehci-pci 00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 14) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller Flags: 66MHz, medium devsel Kernel driver in use: piix4_smbus 00:14.1 IDE interface: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH IDE Controller (prog-if 8a [Master SecP PriP]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH IDE Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 17 I/O ports at 01f0 [size=8] I/O ports at 03f4 [size=1] I/O ports at 0170 [size=8] I/O ports at 0374 [size=1] I/O ports at f100 [size=16] Kernel driver in use: pata_atiixp 00:14.2 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH Azalia Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH Azalia Controller Flags: bus master, slow devsel, latency 32, IRQ 16 Memory at feb40000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel 00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 11) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0 00:14.4 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH PCI Bridge (rev 40) (prog-if 01 [Subtractive decode]) Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 64 Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=64 00:14.5 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller (rev 11) (prog-if 10 [OHCI]) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH USB OHCI Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18 Memory at feb4b000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K] Kernel driver in use: ohci-pci 00:14.7 SD Host controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SD Flash Controller (prog-if 01) Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SD Flash Controller Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 39, IRQ 16 Memory at feb4a000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] Kernel driver in use: sdhci-pci 00:15.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Hudson PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 0) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 0000e000-0000efff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000d0000000-00000000d00fffff Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: pcieport 00:15.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Hudson PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0 Memory behind bridge: fe900000-feafffff Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: pcieport 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 0 Flags: fast devsel 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 1 Flags: fast devsel 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 2 Flags: fast devsel 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 3 Flags: fast devsel Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: k10temp 00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 4 Flags: fast devsel 00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 5 Flags: fast devsel 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 07) Subsystem: PC Partner Limited / Sapphire Technology Device 0123 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 46 I/O ports at e000 [size=256] Memory at d0004000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K] Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: r8169 03:00.0 Network controller: Ralink corp. RT3290 Wireless 802.11n 1T/1R PCIe Subsystem: AzureWave Device 2b87 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 47 Memory at fea40000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Memory at fea30000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: rt2800pci 03:00.1 Bluetooth: Ralink corp. RT3290 Bluetooth Subsystem: AzureWave Device 2787 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11 Memory at fea20000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Memory at fea10000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K] Memory at fe900000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M] Expansion ROM at fea00000 [disabled] [size=64K] Capabilities: Thank you for all the help

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Silverlight MEF – Download On Demand

- by PeterTweed

Take the Slalom Challenge at www.slalomchallenge.com! A common challenge with building complex applications in Silverlight is the initial download size of the xap file. MEF enables us to build composable applications that allows us to build complex composite applications. Wouldn’t it be great if we had a mechanism to spilt out components into different Silverlight applications in separate xap files and download the separate xap file only if needed? MEF gives us the ability to do this. This post will cover the basics needed to build such a composite application split between different silerlight applications and download the referenced silverlight application only when needed. Steps: 1. Create a Silverlight 4 application 2. Add references to the following assemblies: System.ComponentModel.Composition.dll System.ComponentModel.Composition.Initialization.dll 3. Add a new Silverlight 4 application called ExternalSilverlightApplication to the solution that was created in step 1. Ensure the new application is hosted in the web application for the solution and choose to not create a test page for the new application. 4. Delete the App.xaml and MainPage.xaml files – they aren’t needed. 5. Add references to the following assemblies in the ExternalSilverlightApplication project: System.ComponentModel.Composition.dll System.ComponentModel.Composition.Initialization.dll 6. Ensure the two references above have their Copy Local values set to false. As we will have these two assmblies in the original Silverlight application, we will have no need to include them in the built ExternalSilverlightApplication build. 7. Add a new user control called LeftControl to the ExternalSilverlightApplication project. 8. Replace the LayoutRoot Grid with the following xaml: <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Beige" Margin="40" > <Button Content="Left Content" Margin="30"></Button> </Grid> 9. Add the following statement to the top of the LeftControl.xaml.cs file using System.ComponentModel.Composition; 10. Add the following attribute to the LeftControl class [Export(typeof(LeftControl))] This attribute tells MEF that the type LeftControl will be exported – i.e. made available for other applications to import and compose into the application. 11. Add a new user control called RightControl to the ExternalSilverlightApplication project. 12. Replace the LayoutRoot Grid with the following xaml: <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Green" Margin="40" > <TextBlock Margin="40" Foreground="White" Text="Right Control" FontSize="16" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" ></TextBlock> </Grid> 13. Add the following statement to the top of the RightControl.xaml.cs file using System.ComponentModel.Composition; 14. Add the following attribute to the RightControl class [Export(typeof(RightControl))] 15. In your original Silverlight project add a reference to the ExternalSilverlightApplication project. 16. Change the reference to the ExternalSilverlightApplication project to have it’s Copy Local value = false. This will ensure that the referenced ExternalSilverlightApplication Silverlight application is not included in the original Silverlight application package when it it built. The ExternalSilverlightApplication Silverlight application therefore has to be downloaded on demand by the original Silverlight application for it’s controls to be used. 1. In your original Silverlight project add the following xaml to the LayoutRoot Grid in MainPage.xaml: <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition Height="65*" /> <RowDefinition Height="235*" /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Button Name="LoaderButton" Content="Download External Controls" Click="Button_Click"></Button> <StackPanel Grid.Row="1" Orientation="Horizontal" HorizontalAlignment="Center" > <Border Name="LeftContent" Background="Red" BorderBrush="Gray" CornerRadius="20"></Border> <Border Name="RightContent" Background="Red" BorderBrush="Gray" CornerRadius="20"></Border> </StackPanel> The borders will hold the controls that will be downlaoded, imported and composed via MEF when the button is clicked. 2. Add the following statement to the top of the MainPage.xaml.cs file using System.ComponentModel.Composition; 3. Add the following properties to the MainPage class: [Import(typeof(LeftControl))] public LeftControl LeftUserControl { get; set; } [Import(typeof(RightControl))] public RightControl RightUserControl { get; set; } This defines properties accepting LeftControl and RightControl types. The attrributes are used to tell MEF the discovered type that should be applied to the property when composition occurs. 17. Add the following event handler for the button click to the MainPage.xaml.cs file: private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { DeploymentCatalog deploymentCatalog = new DeploymentCatalog("ExternalSilverlightApplication.xap"); CompositionHost.Initialize(deploymentCatalog); deploymentCatalog.DownloadCompleted += (s, i) => { if (i.Error == null) { CompositionInitializer.SatisfyImports(this); LeftContent.Child = LeftUserControl; RightContent.Child = RightUserControl; LoaderButton.IsEnabled = false; } }; deploymentCatalog.DownloadAsync(); } This is where the magic happens! The deploymentCatalog object is pointed to the ExternalSilverlightApplication.xap file. It is then associated with the CompositionHost initialization. As the download will be asynchronous, an eventhandler is created for the DownloadCompleted event. The deploymentCatalog object is then told to start the asynchronous download. The event handler that executes when the download is completed uses the CompositionInitializer.SatisfyImports() function to tell MEF to satisfy the Imports for the current class. It is at this point that the LeftUserControl and RightUserControl properties are initialized with composed objects from the downloaded ExternalSilverlightApplication.xap package. 18. Run the application click the Download External Controls button and see the controls defined in the ExternalSilverlightApplication application loaded into the original Silverlight application. Congratulations! You have implemented download on demand capabilities for composite applications using the MEF DeploymentCatalog class. You are now able to segment your applications into separate xap file for deployment.

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How to use Azure storage for uploading and displaying pictures.

- by Magnus Karlsson

Basic set up of Azure storage for local development and production. This is a somewhat completion of the following guide from http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/develop/net/how-to-guides/blob-storage/ that also involves a practical example that I believe is commonly used, i.e. upload and present an image from a user. First we set up for local storage and then we configure for them to work on a web role. Steps: 1. Configure connection string locally. 2. Configure model, controllers and razor views. 1. Setup connectionsstring 1.1 Right click your web role and choose “Properties”. 1.2 Click Settings. 1.3 Add setting. 1.4 Name your setting. This will be the name of the connectionstring. 1.5 Click the ellipsis to the right. (the ellipsis appear when you mark the area. 1.6 The following window appears- Select “Windows Azure storage emulator” and click ok. Now we have a connection string to use. To be able to use it we need to make sure we have windows azure tools for storage. 2.1 Click Tools –> Library Package manager –> Manage Nuget packages for solution. 2.2 This is what it looks like after it has been added. Now on to what the code should look like. 3.1 First we need a view which collects images to upload. Here Index.cshtml. 1: @model List<string> 2: 3: @{ 4: ViewBag.Title = "Index"; 5: } 6: 7: <h2>Index</h2> 8: <form action="@Url.Action("Upload")" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 9: 10: <label for="file">Filename:</label> 11: <input type="file" name="file" id="file1" /> 12: <br /> 13: <label for="file">Filename:</label> 14: <input type="file" name="file" id="file2" /> 15: <br /> 16: <label for="file">Filename:</label> 17: <input type="file" name="file" id="file3" /> 18: <br /> 19: <label for="file">Filename:</label> 20: <input type="file" name="file" id="file4" /> 21: <br /> 22: <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> 23: 24: </form> 25: 26: @foreach (var item in Model) { 27: 28: <img src="@item" alt="Alternate text"/> 29: } 3.2 We need a controller to receive the post. Notice the “containername” string I send to the blobhandler. I use this as a folder for the pictures for each user. If this is not a requirement you could just call it container or anything with small characters directly when creating the container. 1: public ActionResult Upload(IEnumerable<HttpPostedFileBase> file) 2: { 3: BlobHandler bh = new BlobHandler("containername"); 4: bh.Upload(file); 5: var blobUris=bh.GetBlobs(); 6: 7: return RedirectToAction("Index",blobUris); 8: } 3.3 The handler model. I’ll let the comments speak for themselves. 1: public class BlobHandler 2: { 3: // Retrieve storage account from connection string. 4: CloudStorageAccount storageAccount = CloudStorageAccount.Parse( 5: CloudConfigurationManager.GetSetting("StorageConnectionString")); 6: 7: private string imageDirecoryUrl; 8: 9: /// <summary> 10: /// Receives the users Id for where the pictures are and creates 11: /// a blob storage with that name if it does not exist. 12: /// </summary> 13: /// <param name="imageDirecoryUrl"></param> 14: public BlobHandler(string imageDirecoryUrl) 15: { 16: this.imageDirecoryUrl = imageDirecoryUrl; 17: // Create the blob client. 18: CloudBlobClient blobClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudBlobClient(); 19: 20: // Retrieve a reference to a container. 21: CloudBlobContainer container = blobClient.GetContainerReference(imageDirecoryUrl); 22: 23: // Create the container if it doesn't already exist. 24: container.CreateIfNotExists(); 25: 26: //Make available to everyone 27: container.SetPermissions( 28: new BlobContainerPermissions 29: { 30: PublicAccess = BlobContainerPublicAccessType.Blob 31: }); 32: } 33: 34: public void Upload(IEnumerable<HttpPostedFileBase> file) 35: { 36: // Create the blob client. 37: CloudBlobClient blobClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudBlobClient(); 38: 39: // Retrieve a reference to a container. 40: CloudBlobContainer container = blobClient.GetContainerReference(imageDirecoryUrl); 41: 42: if (file != null) 43: { 44: foreach (var f in file) 45: { 46: if (f != null) 47: { 48: CloudBlockBlob blockBlob = container.GetBlockBlobReference(f.FileName); 49: blockBlob.UploadFromStream(f.InputStream); 50: } 51: } 52: } 53: } 54: 55: public List<string> GetBlobs() 56: { 57: // Create the blob client. 58: CloudBlobClient blobClient = storageAccount.CreateCloudBlobClient(); 59: 60: // Retrieve reference to a previously created container. 61: CloudBlobContainer container = blobClient.GetContainerReference(imageDirecoryUrl); 62: 63: List<string> blobs = new List<string>(); 64: 65: // Loop over blobs within the container and output the URI to each of them 66: foreach (var blobItem in container.ListBlobs()) 67: blobs.Add(blobItem.Uri.ToString()); 68: 69: return blobs; 70: } 71: } 3.4 So, when the files have been uploaded we will get them to present them to out user in the index page. Pretty straight forward. In this example we only present the image by sending the Uri’s to the view. A better way would be to save them up in a view model containing URI, metadata, alternate text, and other relevant information but for this example this is all we need. 4. Now press F5 in your solution to try it out. You can see the storage emulator UI here: 4.1 If you get any exceptions or errors I suggest to first check if the service Is running correctly. I had problem with this and they seemed related to the installation and a reboot fixed my problems. 5. Set up for Cloud storage. To do this we need to add configuration for cloud just as we did for local in step one. 5.1 We need our keys to do this. Go to the windows Azure menagement portal, select storage icon to the right and click “Manage keys”. (Image from a different blog post though). 5.2 Do as in step 1.but replace step 1.6 with: 1.6 Choose “Manually entered credentials”. Enter your account name. 1.7 Paste your Account Key from step 5.1. and click ok. 5.3. Save, publish and run! Please feel free to ask any questions using the comments form at the bottom of this page. I will get back to you to help you solve any questions. Our consultancy agency also provides services in the Nordic regions if you would like any further support.

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Unable to enable wireless on a Vostro 2520

- by Joe

I have a Vostro 2520 and not sure how to enable wireless on my machine. The details are given below, would appreciate any pointers to resolving this issue. lsmod returns Module Size Used by ath9k 132390 0 ath9k_common 14053 1 ath9k ath9k_hw 411151 2 ath9k,ath9k_common ath 24067 3 ath9k,ath9k_common,ath9k_hw b43 365785 0 mac80211 506816 2 ath9k,b43 cfg80211 205544 4 ath9k,ath,b43,mac80211 bcma 26696 1 b43 ssb 52752 1 b43 ndiswrapper 282628 0 ums_realtek 18248 0 usb_storage 49198 1 ums_realtek uas 18180 0 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 snd_hda_codec_cirrus 24002 1 joydev 17693 0 parport_pc 32866 0 ppdev 17113 0 rfcomm 47604 0 bnep 18281 2 bluetooth 180104 10 rfcomm,bnep psmouse 97362 0 dell_wmi 12681 0 sparse_keymap 13890 1 dell_wmi snd_hda_intel 33773 3 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_cirrus,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97188 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq wmi 19256 1 dell_wmi snd 78855 16 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_cirrus,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device mac_hid 13253 0 i915 473240 3 drm_kms_helper 46978 1 i915 uvcvideo 72627 0 drm 242038 4 i915,drm_kms_helper videodev 98259 1 uvcvideo soundcore 15091 1 snd dell_laptop 18119 0 dcdbas 14490 1 dell_laptop i2c_algo_bit 13423 1 i915 v4l2_compat_ioctl32 17128 1 videodev snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm video 19596 1 i915 serio_raw 13211 0 mei 41616 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp r8169 62099 0 sudo lshw -class network *-network UNCLAIMED description: Network controller product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:07:00.0 version: 01 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f7c00000-f7c07fff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:09:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 07 serial: 78:45:c4:a3:aa:65 size: 100Mbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=192.168.1.5 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s resources: irq:41 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:f0004000-f0004fff memory:f0000000-f0003fff rfkill list all 0: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes 1: dell-bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: yes Output of lspci > 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller (rev > 09) 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge > Graphics Controller (rev 09) 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel > Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB > controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host > Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther > Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: > Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) > 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root > Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point > PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel > Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) > 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller > (rev 04) 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 > port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel > Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 07:00.0 Network > controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01) 09:00.0 Ethernet > controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express > Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) Output of lspci -v 0:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller (rev 09) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: agpgart-intel 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 43 Memory at f7800000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M] Memory at e0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M] I/O ports at f000 [size=64] Expansion ROM at <unassigned> [disabled] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: i915 Kernel modules: i915 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 42 Memory at f7d0a000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: mei Kernel modules: mei 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 Memory at f7d08000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 44 Memory at f7d00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=04, subordinate=04, sec-latency=0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=07, subordinate=07, sec-latency=0 Memory behind bridge: f7c00000-f7cfffff Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev c4) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode]) Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 Bus: primary=00, secondary=09, subordinate=09, sec-latency=0 I/O behind bridge: 0000e000-0000efff Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000f0000000-00000000f00fffff Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: pcieport Kernel modules: shpchp 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) (prog-if 20 [EHCI]) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 23 Memory at f7d07000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ehci_hcd 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 0 Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel modules: iTCO_wdt 00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04) (prog-if 01 [AHCI 1.0]) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, medium devsel, latency 0, IRQ 40 I/O ports at f0b0 [size=8] I/O ports at f0a0 [size=4] I/O ports at f090 [size=8] I/O ports at f080 [size=4] I/O ports at f060 [size=32] Memory at f7d06000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: ahci 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 11 Memory at f7d05000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256] I/O ports at f040 [size=32] Kernel modules: i2c-i801 07:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation Device 4365 (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device 0016 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 10 Memory at f7c00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K] Capabilities: <access denied> 09:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 07) Subsystem: Dell Device 0558 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 41 I/O ports at e000 [size=256] Memory at f0004000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K] Memory at f0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel driver in use: r8169 Kernel modules: r8169

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PostSharp, Obfuscation, and IL

- by Simon Cooper

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is a relatively new programming paradigm. Originating at Xerox PARC in 1994, the paradigm was first made available for general-purpose development as an extension to Java in 2001. From there, it has quickly been adapted for use in all the common languages used today. In the .NET world, one of the primary AOP toolkits is PostSharp. Attributes and AOP Normally, attributes in .NET are entirely a metadata construct. Apart from a few special attributes in the .NET framework, they have no effect whatsoever on how a class or method executes within the CLR. Only by using reflection at runtime can you access any attributes declared on a type or type member. PostSharp changes this. By declaring a custom attribute that derives from PostSharp.Aspects.Aspect, applying it to types and type members, and running the resulting assembly through the PostSharp postprocessor, you can essentially declare 'clever' attributes that change the behaviour of whatever the aspect has been applied to at runtime. A simple example of this is logging. By declaring a TraceAttribute that derives from OnMethodBoundaryAspect, you can automatically log when a method has been executed: public class TraceAttribute : PostSharp.Aspects.OnMethodBoundaryAspect { public override void OnEntry(MethodExecutionArgs args) { MethodBase method = args.Method; System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine( String.Format( "Entering {0}.{1}.", method.DeclaringType.FullName, method.Name)); } public override void OnExit(MethodExecutionArgs args) { MethodBase method = args.Method; System.Diagnostics.Trace.WriteLine( String.Format( "Leaving {0}.{1}.", method.DeclaringType.FullName, method.Name)); } } [Trace] public void MethodToLog() { ... } Now, whenever MethodToLog is executed, the aspect will automatically log entry and exit, without having to add the logging code to MethodToLog itself. PostSharp Performance Now this does introduce a performance overhead - as you can see, the aspect allows access to the MethodBase of the method the aspect has been applied to. If you were limited to C#, you would be forced to retrieve each MethodBase instance using Type.GetMethod(), matching on the method name and signature. This is slow. Fortunately, PostSharp is not limited to C#. It can use any instruction available in IL. And in IL, you can do some very neat things. Ldtoken C# allows you to get the Type object corresponding to a specific type name using the typeof operator: Type t = typeof(Random); The C# compiler compiles this operator to the following IL: ldtoken [mscorlib]System.Random call class [mscorlib]System.Type [mscorlib]System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle( valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeTypeHandle) The ldtoken instruction obtains a special handle to a type called a RuntimeTypeHandle, and from that, the Type object can be obtained using GetTypeFromHandle. These are both relatively fast operations - no string lookup is required, only direct assembly and CLR constructs are used. However, a little-known feature is that ldtoken is not just limited to types; it can also get information on methods and fields, encapsulated in a RuntimeMethodHandle or RuntimeFieldHandle: // get a MethodBase for String.EndsWith(string) ldtoken method instance bool [mscorlib]System.String::EndsWith(string) call class [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodBase [mscorlib]System.Reflection.MethodBase::GetMethodFromHandle( valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeMethodHandle) // get a FieldInfo for the String.Empty field ldtoken field string [mscorlib]System.String::Empty call class [mscorlib]System.Reflection.FieldInfo [mscorlib]System.Reflection.FieldInfo::GetFieldFromHandle( valuetype [mscorlib]System.RuntimeFieldHandle) These usages of ldtoken aren't usable from C# or VB, and aren't likely to be added anytime soon (Eric Lippert's done a blog post on the possibility of adding infoof, methodof or fieldof operators to C#). However, PostSharp deals directly with IL, and so can use ldtoken to get MethodBase objects quickly and cheaply, without having to resort to string lookups. The kicker However, there are problems. Because ldtoken for methods or fields isn't accessible from C# or VB, it hasn't been as well-tested as ldtoken for types. This has resulted in various obscure bugs in most versions of the CLR when dealing with ldtoken and methods, and specifically, generic methods and methods of generic types. This means that PostSharp was behaving incorrectly, or just plain crashing, when aspects were applied to methods that were generic in some way. So, PostSharp has to work around this. Without using the metadata tokens directly, the only way to get the MethodBase of generic methods is to use reflection: Type.GetMethod(), passing in the method name as a string along with information on the signature. Now, this works fine. It's slower than using ldtoken directly, but it works, and this only has to be done for generic methods. Unfortunately, this poses problems when the assembly is obfuscated. PostSharp and Obfuscation When using ldtoken, obfuscators don't affect how PostSharp operates. Because the ldtoken instruction directly references the type, method or field within the assembly, it is unaffected if the name of the object is changed by an obfuscator. However, the indirect loading used for generic methods was breaking, because that uses the name of the method when the assembly is put through the PostSharp postprocessor to lookup the MethodBase at runtime. If the name then changes, PostSharp can't find it anymore, and the assembly breaks. So, PostSharp needs to know about any changes an obfuscator does to an assembly. The way PostSharp does this is by adding another layer of indirection. When PostSharp obfuscation support is enabled, it includes an extra 'name table' resource in the assembly, consisting of a series of method & type names. When PostSharp needs to lookup a method using reflection, instead of encoding the method name directly, it looks up the method name at a fixed offset inside that name table: MethodBase genericMethod = typeof(ContainingClass).GetMethod(GetNameAtIndex(22)); PostSharp.NameTable resource: ... 20: get_Prop1 21: set_Prop1 22: DoFoo 23: GetWibble When the assembly is later processed by an obfuscator, the obfuscator can replace all the method and type names within the name table with their new name. That way, the reflection lookups performed by PostSharp will now use the new names, and everything will work as expected: MethodBase genericMethod = typeof(#kGy).GetMethod(GetNameAtIndex(22)); PostSharp.NameTable resource: ... 20: #kkA 21: #zAb 22: #EF5a 23: #2tg As you can see, this requires direct support by an obfuscator in order to perform these rewrites. Dotfuscator supports it, and now, starting with SmartAssembly 6.6.4, SmartAssembly does too. So, a relatively simple solution to a tricky problem, with some CLR bugs thrown in for good measure. You don't see those every day!

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Disk Drive not working

- by user287681

The CD/DVD drive on my sisters' (I'm helping her shift from Win. XP (now officially deprecated by Microsoft) to Ubuntu) system. Now, it may end up being a failed attempt, all together (Almost the whole last year (when she's been on XP) the disk drive hasn't (not even powering on) been working.), I just want to make sure I've explored every remote possibility. Because I figure, "Huh, now that I've got Ubuntu running, instead of XP, that (just) might make a difference.". I have tried using the sudo lshw command in the terminal, to (seemingly) no avil, but, who knows, you might be able to make something out of it. Here's the output: kyra@kyra-Satellite-P105:~$ sudo lshw [sudo] password for kyra: kyra-satellite-p105 description: Notebook product: Satellite P105 () vendor: TOSHIBA version: PSPA0U-0TN01M serial: 96084354W width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=oem-specific chassis=notebook frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=unknown power-on_password=disabled uuid=00900559-F88E-D811-82E0-00163680E992 *-core description: Motherboard product: Satellite P105 vendor: TOSHIBA physical id: 0 version: Not Applicable serial: 1234567890 *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: TOSHIBA physical id: 0 version: V4.70 date: 01/19/20092 size: 92KiB capabilities: isa pci pcmcia pnp upgrade shadowing escd cdboot acpi usb biosbootspecification *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5500 @ 1.66GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 4 bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T5 slot: U2E1 size: 1667MHz capacity: 1667MHz width: 64 bits clock: 166MHz capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm lahf_lm dtherm cpufreq *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 5 slot: L1 Cache size: 16KiB capacity: 16KiB capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 6 slot: L2 Cache size: 2MiB capabilities: burst external write-back *-memory description: System Memory physical id: c slot: System board or motherboard size: 2GiB capacity: 3GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 0 slot: M1 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous physical id: 1 slot: M2 size: 1GiB width: 64 bits *-pci description: Host bridge product: Mobile 945GM/PM/GMS, 943/940GML and 945GT Express Memory Controller Hub vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: Mobile 945GM/GMS, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d0200000-d027ffff ioport:1800(size=8) memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0300000-d033ffff *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: Mobile 945GM/GMS/GME, 943/940GML Express Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: 03 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d0280000-d02fffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: NM10/ICH7 Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 02 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:d0340000-d0343fff *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:84000000-841fffff ioport:84200000(size=2097152) *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:41 ioport:4000(size=4096) memory:84400000-846fffff ioport:84700000(size=2097152) *-network description: Wireless interface product: PRO/Wireless 3945ABG [Golan] Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 02 serial: 00:13:02:d6:d2:35 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwl3945 driverversion=3.13.0-29-generic firmware=15.32.2.9 ip=10.110.20.157 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg resources: irq:43 memory:84400000-84400fff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: NM10/ICH7 Family PCI Express Port 3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:42 ioport:5000(size=4096) memory:84900000-84afffff ioport:84b00000(size=2097152) *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 ioport:1820(size=32) *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.1 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1840(size=32) *-usb:2 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:18 ioport:1860(size=32) *-usb:3 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB UHCI Controller #4 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: uhci bus_master configuration: driver=uhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 ioport:1880(size=32) *-usb:4 description: USB controller product: NM10/ICH7 Family USB2 EHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d.7 bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.7 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:d0544000-d05443ff *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: e2 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list resources: ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:d0000000-d00fffff ioport:80000000(size=67108864) *-pcmcia description: CardBus bridge product: PCIxx12 Cardbus Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.0 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pcmcia bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=yenta_cardbus latency=176 maxlatency=5 mingnt=192 resources: irq:17 memory:d0004000-d0004fff ioport:2400(size=256) ioport:2800(size=256) memory:80000000-83ffffff memory:88000000-8bffffff *-firewire description: FireWire (IEEE 1394) product: PCIxx12 OHCI Compliant IEEE 1394 Host Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.1 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.1 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=firewire_ohci latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=3 resources: irq:17 memory:d0007000-d00077ff memory:d0000000-d0003fff *-storage description: Mass storage controller product: 5-in-1 Multimedia Card Reader (SD/MMC/MS/MS PRO/xD) vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.2 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.2 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: storage pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=tifm_7xx1 latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=7 resources: irq:17 memory:d0005000-d0005fff *-generic description: SD Host controller product: PCIxx12 SDA Standard Compliant SD Host Controller vendor: Texas Instruments physical id: 4.3 bus info: pci@0000:0a:04.3 version: 00 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=64 maxlatency=4 mingnt=7 resources: irq:17 memory:d0007800-d00078ff *-network description: Ethernet interface product: PRO/100 VE Network Connection vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8 bus info: pci@0000:0a:08.0 logical name: eth0 version: 02 serial: 00:16:36:80:e9:92 size: 10Mbit/s capacity: 100Mbit/s width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e100 driverversion=3.5.24-k2-NAPI duplex=half latency=64 link=no maxlatency=56 mingnt=8 multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:20 memory:d0006000-d0006fff ioport:2000(size=64) *-isa description: ISA bridge product: 82801GBM (ICH7-M) LPC Interface Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0 resources: irq:0 *-ide description: IDE interface product: 82801GBM/GHM (ICH7-M Family) SATA Controller [IDE mode] vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: ide pm bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ata_piix latency=0 resources: irq:19 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:18b0(size=16) *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: NM10/ICH7 Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 02 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: ioport:18c0(size=32) *-scsi physical id: 1 logical name: scsi0 capabilities: emulated *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST9250421AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: SD13 serial: 5TH0B2HB size: 232GiB (250GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=000d7fd5 *-volume:0 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: 13bb4bdd-8cc9-40e2-a490-dbe436c2a02d size: 230GiB capacity: 230GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2014-06-01 17:37:01 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2014-06-01 21:15:21 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2014-06-01 21:15:21 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 2037MiB capacity: 2037MiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 2037MiB capabilities: nofs *-remoteaccess UNCLAIMED vendor: Intel physical id: 1 capabilities: inbound kyra@kyra-Satellite-P105:~$

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Tracing Silex from PHP to the OS with DTrace

- by cj

In this blog post I show the full stack tracing of Brendan Gregg's php_syscolors.d script in the DTrace Toolkit. The Toolkit contains a dozen very useful PHP DTrace scripts and many more scripts for other languages and the OS. For this example, I'll trace the PHP micro framework Silex, which was the topic of the second of two talks by Dustin Whittle at a recent SF PHP Meetup. His slides are at Silex: From Micro to Full Stack. Installing DTrace and PHP The php_syscolors.d script uses some static PHP probes and some kernel probes. For Oracle Linux I discussed installing DTrace and PHP in DTrace PHP Using Oracle Linux 'playground' Pre-Built Packages. On other platforms with DTrace support, follow your standard procedures to enable DTrace and load the correct providers. The sdt and systrace providers are required in addition to fasttrap. On Oracle Linux, I loaded the DTrace modules like: # modprobe fasttrap # modprobe sdt # modprobe systrace # chmod 666 /dev/dtrace/helper Installing the DTrace Toolkit I download DTraceToolkit-0.99.tar.gz and extracted it: $ tar -zxf DTraceToolkit-0.99.tar.gz The PHP scripts are in the Php directory and examples in the Examples directory. Installing Silex I downloaded the "fat" Silex .tgz file from the download page and extracted it: $ tar -zxf silex_fat.tgz I changed the demonstration silex/web/index.php so I could use the PHP development web server: <?php // web/index.php $filename = __DIR__.preg_replace('#(\?.*)$#', '', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']); if (php_sapi_name() === 'cli-server' && is_file($filename)) { return false; } require_once __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php'; $app = new Silex\Application(); //$app['debug'] = true; $app->get('/hello', function() { return 'Hello!'; }); $app->run(); ?> Running DTrace The php_syscolors.d script uses the -Z option to dtrace, so it can be started before PHP, i.e. when there are zero of the requested probes available to be traced. I ran DTrace like: # cd DTraceToolkit-0.99/Php # ./php_syscolors.d Next, I started the PHP developer web server in a second terminal: $ cd silex $ php -S localhost:8080 -t web web/index.php At this point, the web server is idle, waiting for requests. DTrace is idle, waiting for the probes in php_syscolors.d to be fired, at which time the action associated with each probe will run. I then loaded the demonstration page in a browser: http://localhost:8080/hello When the request was fulfilled and the simple output of "Hello" was displayed, I ^C'd php and dtrace in their terminals to stop them. DTrace output over a thousand lines long had been generated. Here is one snippet from when run() was invoked: C PID/TID DELTA(us) FILE:LINE TYPE -- NAME ... 1 4765/4765 21 Application.php:487 func -> run 1 4765/4765 29 ClassLoader.php:182 func -> loadClass 1 4765/4765 17 ClassLoader.php:198 func -> findFile 1 4765/4765 31 ":- syscall -> access 1 4765/4765 26 ":- syscall <- access 1 4765/4765 16 ClassLoader.php:198 func <- findFile 1 4765/4765 25 ":- syscall -> newlstat 1 4765/4765 15 ":- syscall <- newlstat 1 4765/4765 13 ":- syscall -> newlstat 1 4765/4765 13 ":- syscall <- newlstat 1 4765/4765 22 ":- syscall -> newlstat 1 4765/4765 14 ":- syscall <- newlstat 1 4765/4765 15 ":- syscall -> newlstat 1 4765/4765 60 ":- syscall <- newlstat 1 4765/4765 13 ":- syscall -> newlstat 1 4765/4765 13 ":- syscall <- newlstat 1 4765/4765 20 ":- syscall -> open 1 4765/4765 16 ":- syscall <- open 1 4765/4765 26 ":- syscall -> newfstat 1 4765/4765 12 ":- syscall <- newfstat 1 4765/4765 17 ":- syscall -> newfstat 1 4765/4765 12 ":- syscall <- newfstat 1 4765/4765 12 ":- syscall -> newfstat 1 4765/4765 12 ":- syscall <- newfstat 1 4765/4765 20 ":- syscall -> mmap 1 4765/4765 14 ":- syscall <- mmap 1 4765/4765 3201 ":- syscall -> mmap 1 4765/4765 27 ":- syscall <- mmap 1 4765/4765 1233 ":- syscall -> munmap 1 4765/4765 53 ":- syscall <- munmap 1 4765/4765 15 ":- syscall -> close 1 4765/4765 13 ":- syscall <- close 1 4765/4765 34 Request.php:32 func -> main 1 4765/4765 22 Request.php:32 func <- main 1 4765/4765 31 ClassLoader.php:182 func <- loadClass 1 4765/4765 33 Request.php:249 func -> createFromGlobals 1 4765/4765 29 Request.php:198 func -> __construct 1 4765/4765 24 Request.php:218 func -> initialize 1 4765/4765 26 ClassLoader.php:182 func -> loadClass 1 4765/4765 89 ClassLoader.php:198 func -> findFile 1 4765/4765 43 ":- syscall -> access ... The output shows PHP functions being called and returning (and where they are located) and which system calls the PHP functions in turn invoked. The time each line took from the previous one is displayed in the third column. The first column is the CPU number. In this example, the process was always on CPU 1 so the output is naturally ordered without requiring post-processing, or the D script requiring to be modified to display a time stamp. On a terminal, the output of php_syscolors.d is color-coded according to whether each function is a PHP or system one, hence the file name. Summary With one tool, I was able to trace the interaction of a user application with the operating system. I was able to do this to an application running "live" in a web context. The DTrace Toolkit provides a very handy repository of DTrace information. Even though the PHP scripts were created in the time frame of the original PHP DTrace PECL extension, which only had PHP function entry and return probes, the scripts provide core examples for custom investigation and resolution scripts. You can easily adapt the ideas and and create scripts using the other PHP static probes, which are listed in the PHP Manual. Because DTrace is "always on", you can take advantage of it to resolve development questions or fix production situations.

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MVC Portable Area Modules Without MasterPages

- by Steve Michelotti

Portable Areas from MvcContrib provide a great way to build modular and composite applications on top of MVC. In short, portable areas provide a way to distribute MVC binary components as simple .NET assemblies where the aspx/ascx files are actually compiled into the assembly as embedded resources. I’ve blogged about Portable Areas in the past including this post here which talks about embedding resources and you can read more of an intro to Portable Areas here. As great as Portable Areas are, the question that seems to come up the most is: what about MasterPages? MasterPages seems to be the one thing that doesn’t work elegantly with portable areas because you specify the MasterPage in the @Page directive and it won’t use the same mechanism of the view engine so you can’t just embed them as resources. This means that you end up referencing a MasterPage that exists in the host application but not in your portable area. If you name the ContentPlaceHolderId’s correctly, it will work – but it all seems a little fragile. Ultimately, what I want is to be able to build a portable area as a module which has no knowledge of the host application. I want to be able to invoke the module by a full route on the user’s browser and it gets invoked and “automatically appears” inside the application’s visual chrome just like a MasterPage. So how could we accomplish this with portable areas? With this question in mind, I looked around at what other people are doing to address similar problems. Specifically, I immediately looked at how the Orchard team is handling this and I found it very compelling. Basically Orchard has its own custom layout/theme framework (utilizing a custom view engine) that allows you to build your module without any regard to the host. You simply decorate your controller with the [Themed] attribute and it will render with the outer chrome around it: 1: [Themed] 2: public class HomeController : Controller Here is the slide from the Orchard talk at this year MIX conference which shows how it conceptually works: It’s pretty cool stuff. So I figure, it must not be too difficult to incorporate this into the portable areas view engine as an optional piece of functionality. In fact, I’ll even simplify it a little – rather than have 1) Document.aspx, 2) Layout.ascx, and 3) <view>.ascx (as shown in the picture above); I’ll just have the outer page be “Chrome.aspx” and then the specific view in question. The Chrome.aspx not only takes the place of the MasterPage, but now since we’re no longer constrained by the MasterPage infrastructure, we have the choice of the Chrome.aspx living in the host or inside the portable areas as another embedded resource! Disclaimer: credit where credit is due – much of the code from this post is me re-purposing the Orchard code to suit my needs. To avoid confusion with Orchard, I’m going to refer to my implementation (which will be based on theirs) as a Chrome rather than a Theme. The first step I’ll take is to create a ChromedAttribute which adds a flag to the current HttpContext to indicate that the controller designated Chromed like this: 1: [Chromed] 2: public class HomeController : Controller The attribute itself is an MVC ActionFilter attribute: 1: public class ChromedAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute 2: { 3: public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext) 4: { 5: var chromedAttribute = GetChromedAttribute(filterContext.ActionDescriptor); 6: if (chromedAttribute != null) 7: { 8: filterContext.HttpContext.Items[typeof(ChromedAttribute)] = null; 9: } 10: } 11: 12: public static bool IsApplied(RequestContext context) 13: { 14: return context.HttpContext.Items.Contains(typeof(ChromedAttribute)); 15: } 16: 17: private static ChromedAttribute GetChromedAttribute(ActionDescriptor descriptor) 18: { 19: return descriptor.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ChromedAttribute), true) 20: .Concat(descriptor.ControllerDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ChromedAttribute), true)) 21: .OfType<ChromedAttribute>() 22: .FirstOrDefault(); 23: } 24: } With that in place, we only have to override the FindView() method of the custom view engine with these 6 lines of code: 1: public override ViewEngineResult FindView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewName, string masterName, bool useCache) 2: { 3: if (ChromedAttribute.IsApplied(controllerContext.RequestContext)) 4: { 5: var bodyView = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(controllerContext, viewName); 6: var documentView = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(controllerContext, "Chrome"); 7: var chromeView = new ChromeView(bodyView, documentView); 8: return new ViewEngineResult(chromeView, this); 9: } 10: 11: // Just execute normally without applying Chromed View Engine 12: return base.FindView(controllerContext, viewName, masterName, useCache); 13: } If the view engine finds the [Chromed] attribute, it will invoke it’s own process – otherwise, it’ll just defer to the normal web forms view engine (with masterpages). The ChromeView’s primary job is to independently set the BodyContent on the view context so that it can be rendered at the appropriate place: 1: public class ChromeView : IView 2: { 3: private ViewEngineResult bodyView; 4: private ViewEngineResult documentView; 5: 6: public ChromeView(ViewEngineResult bodyView, ViewEngineResult documentView) 7: { 8: this.bodyView = bodyView; 9: this.documentView = documentView; 10: } 11: 12: public void Render(ViewContext viewContext, System.IO.TextWriter writer) 13: { 14: ChromeViewContext chromeViewContext = ChromeViewContext.From(viewContext); 15: 16: // First render the Body view to the BodyContent 17: using (var bodyViewWriter = new StringWriter()) 18: { 19: var bodyViewContext = new ViewContext(viewContext, bodyView.View, viewContext.ViewData, viewContext.TempData, bodyViewWriter); 20: this.bodyView.View.Render(bodyViewContext, bodyViewWriter); 21: chromeViewContext.BodyContent = bodyViewWriter.ToString(); 22: } 23: // Now render the Document view 24: this.documentView.View.Render(viewContext, writer); 25: } 26: } The ChromeViewContext (code excluded here) mainly just has a string property for the “BodyContent” – but it also makes sure to put itself in the HttpContext so it’s available. Finally, we created a little extension method so the module’s view can be rendered in the appropriate place: 1: public static void RenderBody(this HtmlHelper htmlHelper) 2: { 3: ChromeViewContext chromeViewContext = ChromeViewContext.From(htmlHelper.ViewContext); 4: htmlHelper.ViewContext.Writer.Write(chromeViewContext.BodyContent); 5: } At this point, the other thing left is to decide how we want to implement the Chrome.aspx page. One approach is the copy/paste the HTML from the typical Site.Master and change the main content placeholder to use the HTML helper above – this way, there are no MasterPages anywhere. Alternatively, we could even have Chrome.aspx utilize the MasterPage if we wanted (e.g., in the case where some pages are Chromed and some pages want to use traditional MasterPage): 1: <%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage" %> 2: <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server"> 3: <% Html.RenderBody(); %> 4: </asp:Content> At this point, it’s all academic. I can create a controller like this: 1: [Chromed] 2: public class WidgetController : Controller 3: { 4: public ActionResult Index() 5: { 6: return View(); 7: } 8: } Then I’ll just create Index.ascx (a partial view) and put in the text “Inside my widget”. Now when I run the app, I can request the full route (notice the controller name of “widget” in the address bar below) and the HTML from my Index.ascx will just appear where it is supposed to. This means no more warnings for missing MasterPages and no more need for your module to have knowledge of the host’s MasterPage placeholders. You have the option of using the Chrome.aspx in the host or providing your own while embedding it as an embedded resource itself. I’m curious to know what people think of this approach. The code above was done with my own local copy of MvcContrib so it’s not currently something you can download. At this point, these are just my initial thoughts – just incorporating some ideas for Orchard into non-Orchard apps to enable building modular/composite apps more easily. Additionally, on the flip side, I still believe that Portable Areas have potential as the module packaging story for Orchard itself. What do you think?

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