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  • Linux tools to choose suitable Cisco ASA 5500

    - by linuxcore
    I have a linux webhosting server which affects a high DDOS. I want to use Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances to protect the linux server from this DDOS. I know there are many factors should you know before you choose the suitable hardware firewall like the amount of this DDOS and pps ..etc Please suggest a linux tools to measure those factors and to help me collect the required informations ( pps - amount of DDOS - concurrent connections and other factors ) Regards,

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  • Ubuntu Linux Utilities

    - by Wayne
    I've never used Ubuntu Linux before, but I am researching about the main system tools that are included, e.g. Windows has Disk Cleanup, Disk Defrag... but what does Ubuntu Linux have. I need to know what the main five utilities that are included on Ubuntu Linux and what do they do.

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  • Linux port-based routing using iptables/ip route

    - by user42055
    I have the following setup: 192.168.0.4 192.168.0.6 192.168.0.1 +-----------+ +---------+ +----------+ |WORKSTATION|------| LINUX |------| GATEWAY | +-----------+ +---------+ +----------+ 192.168.150.10 | 192.168.150.9 +---------+ | VPN | +---------+ 192.168.150.1 WORKSTATION has a default route of 192.168.0.6 LINUX has a default route of 192.168.0.1 I am trying to use the gateway as the default route, but route port 80 traffic via the VPN. Based on what I read at http://www.linuxhorizon.ro/iproute2.html I have tried this: echo "1 VPN" >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables sysctl net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 0 sysctl net.ipv4.conf.tun0.rp_filter = 0 sysctl net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0 iptables -A PREROUTING -t mangle -i eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 0x1 ip route add default via 192.168.150.9 dev tun0 table VPN ip rule add from all fwmark 0x1 table VPN When I run "tcpdump -i eth0 port 80" on LINUX, and open a webpage on WORKSTATION, I don't see the traffic go through LINUX at all. When I run a ping from WORKSTATION, I get this back from some packets: 92 bytes from 192.168.0.6: Redirect Host(New addr: 192.168.0.1) Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst 4 5 00 0054 de91 0 0000 3f 01 4ed3 192.168.0.4 139.134.2.18 Is this why my routing is not working ? Do I need to put GATEWAY and LINUX on different subnets to prevent WORKSTATION being redirected to GATEWAY ? Do I need to use NAT at all, or can I do this with routing alone (which is what I want) ?

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  • Using Samba to share a folder from a Linux guest with a Windows host in VirtualBox

    - by AmV
    I would like to share a folder from a Linux Guest with a Windows host (with read and write access if possible) in VirtualBox. I read in these two links: here and here that it's possible to do this using Samba, but I am a little bit lost and I need more information on how to proceed. So far, I managed to set up two network adapters (one NAT and one host-only) and install Samba on the Linux guest, but now I have the following questions: What do I need to type in samba.conf to share a folder from the Linux guest? (the tutorial provided in one of the links above only explains how to share home directories) Are there any Samba commands that need to be executed on the guest to enable sharing? How do I make sure that these folders are only available to the host OS and not on the Internet? Once the Linux guest is setup, how do I access each of the individual shared folders from the Windows host? I read that I need to mount a drive on Windows to do this, but do I use Samba logins, or Linux logins, also do I use localhost? or do I need to set up an IP for this? Thanks!

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  • Linux compatible touchscreen monitor

    - by jrtokarz
    Can anybody recommend a linux compatible touchscreen monitor, the criteria are: 19inch or greater 1920x1080 or better only single touch required be able to operate in portait mode We currently have some IIyama Prolite MTS2250MS monitors but these do not natively support portait mode and we have had little success getting the touch functionality working in Linux (although they do report themselves as HID devices when plugged in). So an alternative to suggesting a monitor would be pointers to information on how we could get the IIyama monitor working in Linux.

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  • linux router setup

    - by nuttsduh
    Hi All, I a trying to setup a a linux router for the first time and i am struggling with the setup. Here how i want to setup it up: ISP line - Linux router - Linksys router - Lan. Linux router has eth0 and eth1 How do i setup this and where do i put my external ip? Many thanks,

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  • PPTP: Linux clients unreachable

    - by Bahman
    I have setup a PPTP server on a CentOS 6 box. Several clients (Windows and Linux) connect to this server. All clients use the same subnet. All clients (Win or Lin) can surf the Internet using the VPN successfully. Windows clients can ping any other Windows client (XP/Vista/7) connected to VPN. Linux clients (KVPNC) can ping any Windows client (XP/Vista/7) connected to VPN. So far so good. But there's this weird problem and I've been trying to figure it out with no luck: No client can ping (reach) a Linux client (successfully) connected to VPN. And yes, the firewall is completely disabled. I'd really appreciate any hint/idea. TIA, EDIT: The ultimate goal of this is to share services across the VPN, like accessing a HTTPD running on a Linux box from a Windows client.

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  • Mac/Linux Dual Boot

    - by user38008
    I trying to create a dual boot of linux and mac without bootcamp. But I'm nervous that I'll screw up or lose my data. In disk utilitys I made a 45gig partion called linux but I dont know how to format it and if it matters at all.... Also, when the partition is done. I press cntrl when booting up select that Linux partition and put in the livebootUSB or CD right?

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  • how to make solaris more friendly for a linux user

    - by user10015
    Hi there, I've been a linux user for years. Very used to the bash shell, used to linux shell key mappings that come with most mainstream distros. I'm also a happy vim user in linux & love my arrow keys. Just started a job where 90% of the systems are solaris & the default shell for administrators is ksh. The key mappings, things like autocomplete & history not working they way they should and is driving me insane. I've been told that i can change solaris bash, but it still doesn't feel like linux. How do I make things run they way I'm used to? Can someone please put me in the right direction.

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  • Routing between two networks on linux?

    - by gGololicic
    I got stuck with one problem I cant find solution. I have linux pc with two NIC. first nic (eth1) is connected to public ip (probably switch or whatever, doesnt really mater) so eth1 is connected to wan and another eth0 that I connected to switch and make it a lan nic. configuration: eth1 ip address 88.200.1xx.xxx //xxx's are cuz of security reasons eth0 ip address 192.168.1.1 wan ------ [eth1 (linux PC) eth0]<----[switch]<---- [eth1 (PC1)] Now I want to connect this two networks, so PC1 can access linux PC and wan. I think I know how to do it but I cant confiugre it right. This is what I tried: I turend on ip forwarding (for sure) I set eth1 default gw to the right ip on the wan I tried to set eth0 default gw to the same ip (but i couldnt) What or how can I do this, I was trying with linux route command, but I got stuck. Please help.

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  • SSH from Windows to Linux without entering a password

    - by Josh
    I am trying to use ssh/scp from Windows to Linux without having to enter a password. This is what I have done, and it doesn't seem to work: generated public and private keys using Putty Key Generator (on Windows) saved the files as id_rsa.pub and id_rsa copied them into ~/.ssh added id_rsa.pub to the Linux box in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys I then try to ssh to the Linux box from Windows and I still have to enter a password Am I missing something?

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  • Connect Linux machine to a windows active directory

    - by ssl
    Hi, I have a Linux machine which connected to an Active Directory on Windows server. I configured the NIC to get an IP from the DHCP (from the windows server) however, when I try to get nslookup on the Linux side it doesn't work (connection timeout), but on the same machine when I load windows and do nslookup it works. what can be wrong with my Linux configuration or Windows DNS configuration? note: I've configured my DNS to nonsecure and secure connections. 10x!

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  • Linux browse and open network files with command line

    - by user3077066
    I'm new to Linux. I have a Windows network connected to a Linux computer. When I try to browse Windows files from windows managers in Linux, it asks for user name, work group name and password. The address of computer network is something like this: smb://computer-name/folder I want to access my network folders and files using command line. I have searched a little bit but I didn't find anything. Any suggestions? Thanks in advance

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  • Want to Patch your Red Hat Linux Kernel Without Rebooting?

    - by Lenz Grimmer
    Patched Tube by Morten Liebach (CC BY 2.0) Are you running Red Hat Enterprise Linux? Take back your weekend and say goodbye to lengthy maintenance windows for kernel updates! With Ksplice, you can install kernel updates while the system is running. Stay secure and compliant without the hassle. To give you a taste of one of the many features that are included in Oracle Linux Premier Support, we now offer a free 30-day Ksplice trial for RHEL systems. Give it a try and bring your Linux kernel up to date without rebooting (not even once to install it)! For more information on this exciting technology, read Wim's OTN article on using Oracle Ksplice to update Oracle Linux systems without rebooting. Watch Waseem Daher (one of the Ksplice founders) telling you more about Ksplice zero downtime updates in this screencast "Zero Downtime OS Updates with Ksplice" - Lenz

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  • WLAN LED randomly blinking when there is no traffic

    - by mrc
    Hi, I've got a Linksys WUSB54GC WLAN USB interface (Ralink chipset) and I'm running Debian GNU/Linux 6.0. The LED very often randomly blinks although there is no traffic in the network. I checked this with Wireshark. Sometimes, but rarely, the LED stops blinking. The issue is present in Ubuntu and Fedora too. It was not present in Debian Lenny with Linux 2.6.28. I checked an old live cd with ubuntu 8.10 with kernel 2.6.27 and it was also OK. So I guess that's an issue with Linux kernel and its wireless driver or firmware. Has anybody observed a similar thing? Does anybody know how to help this annoying blinking? Thanks.

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  • Do I need to have antivirus software installed on a Linux distro?

    - by Vinaychalluru
    I thought that there was no need to scan for viruses in Ubuntu or any Linux distros until I found a virus scanner package named 'clamtk' and 'klamav' in Ubuntu software center yesterday. This leads to the following questions: How do viruses differ between Linux and Windows? How do the strategies for protection differ between Linux and Windows? Should a virus scanner package be installed on my system? If so, which would be a better option?

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  • TCP packets larger than 4 KB don't get a reply from Linux

    - by pts
    I'm running Linux 3.2.51 in a virtual machine (192.168.33.15). I'm sending Ethernet frames to it. I'm writing custom software trying to emulate a TCP peer, the other peer is Linux running in the virtual machine guest. I've noticed that TCP packets larger than about 4 KB are ignored (i.e. dropped without an ACK) by the Linux guest. If I decrease the packet size by 50 bytes, I get an ACK. I'm not sending new payload data until the Linux guest fully ACKs the previous one. I've increased ifconfig eth0 mtu 51000, and ping -c 1 -s 50000 goes through (from guest to my emulator) and the Linux guest gets a reply of the same size. I've also increased sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_rmem='70000 87380 87380 and tried with sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing=1 (and also =0). There is no IPv3 packet fragmentation, all packets have the DF flag set. It works the other way round: the Linux guest can send TCP packets of 6900 bytes of payload and my emulator understands them. This is very strange to me, because only TCP packets seem to be affected (large ICMP packets go through). Any idea what can be imposing this limit? Any idea how to do debug it in the Linux kernel? See the tcpdump -n -vv output below. tcpdump was run on the Linux guest. The last line is interesting: 4060 bytes of TCP payload is sent to the guest, and it doesn't get any reply packet from the Linux guest for half a minute. 14:59:32.000057 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [S], cksum 0x8da0 (correct), seq 10000000, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.000086 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 44) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [S.], cksum 0xc37f (incorrect -> 0x5999), seq 1415680476, ack 10000001, win 19920, options [mss 9960], length 0 14:59:32.000218 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0xa752 (correct), ack 1, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.000948 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53777, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 66) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], cksum 0xc395 (incorrect -> 0xfa01), seq 1:27, ack 1, win 19920, length 26 14:59:32.001575 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0xa738 (correct), ack 27, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.001585 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 65) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], cksum 0x48d6 (correct), seq 1:26, ack 27, win 14600, length 25 14:59:32.001589 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53778, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], cksum 0xc37b (incorrect -> 0x9257), ack 26, win 19920, length 0 14:59:32.001680 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53779, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 496) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 27:483, ack 26, win 19920, length 456 14:59:32.001784 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0xa557 (correct), ack 483, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.006367 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 1136) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 26:1122, ack 483, win 14600, length 1096 14:59:32.044150 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53780, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], cksum 0xc37b (incorrect -> 0x8c47), ack 1122, win 19920, length 0 14:59:32.045310 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 312) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 1122:1394, ack 483, win 14600, length 272 14:59:32.045322 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53781, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], cksum 0xc37b (incorrect -> 0x8b37), ack 1394, win 19920, length 0 14:59:32.925726 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53782, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 1112) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], seq 483:1555, ack 1394, win 19920, length 1072 14:59:32.925750 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53784, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 312) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 1555:1827, ack 1394, win 19920, length 272 14:59:32.927131 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x9bcf (correct), ack 1555, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.927148 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x9abf (correct), ack 1827, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.932248 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53785, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 56) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], cksum 0xc38b (incorrect -> 0xd247), seq 1827:1843, ack 1394, win 19920, length 16 14:59:32.932366 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x9aaf (correct), ack 1843, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.964295 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 104) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 1394:1458, ack 1843, win 14600, length 64 14:59:32.964310 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53786, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], cksum 0xc37b (incorrect -> 0x85a7), ack 1458, win 19920, length 0 14:59:32.964561 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53787, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 88) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 1843:1891, ack 1458, win 19920, length 48 14:59:32.965185 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x9a3f (correct), ack 1891, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.965196 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 104) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 1458:1522, ack 1891, win 14600, length 64 14:59:32.965233 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53788, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 88) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 1891:1939, ack 1522, win 19920, length 48 14:59:32.965970 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x99cf (correct), ack 1939, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.965979 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 568) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 1522:2050, ack 1939, win 14600, length 528 14:59:32.966112 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53789, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 520) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 1939:2419, ack 2050, win 19920, length 480 14:59:32.970059 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x95df (correct), ack 2419, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.970089 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 616) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 2050:2626, ack 2419, win 14600, length 576 14:59:32.981159 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53790, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 72) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], cksum 0xc39b (incorrect -> 0xa84f), seq 2419:2451, ack 2626, win 19920, length 32 14:59:32.982347 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x937f (correct), ack 2451, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.982357 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 104) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 2626:2690, ack 2451, win 14600, length 64 14:59:32.982401 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53791, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 88) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 2451:2499, ack 2690, win 19920, length 48 14:59:32.982570 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x930f (correct), ack 2499, win 14600, length 0 14:59:32.982702 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 104) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 2690:2754, ack 2499, win 14600, length 64 14:59:33.020066 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53792, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], cksum 0xc37b (incorrect -> 0x7e07), ack 2754, win 19920, length 0 14:59:33.983503 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53793, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 72) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], cksum 0xc39b (incorrect -> 0x2aa7), seq 2499:2531, ack 2754, win 19920, length 32 14:59:33.983810 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53794, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 88) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 2531:2579, ack 2754, win 19920, length 48 14:59:33.984100 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x92af (correct), ack 2531, win 14600, length 0 14:59:33.984139 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x927f (correct), ack 2579, win 14600, length 0 14:59:34.022914 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 104) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 2754:2818, ack 2579, win 14600, length 64 14:59:34.022939 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53795, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [.], cksum 0xc37b (incorrect -> 0x7d77), ack 2818, win 19920, length 0 14:59:34.023554 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 53796, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 88) 192.168.33.15.22 > 192.168.33.1.36522: Flags [P.], seq 2579:2627, ack 2818, win 19920, length 48 14:59:34.027571 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 40) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [.], cksum 0x920f (correct), ack 2627, win 14600, length 0 14:59:34.027603 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto TCP (6), length 4100) 192.168.33.1.36522 > 192.168.33.15.22: Flags [P.], seq 2818:6878, ack 2627, win 14600, length 4060

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  • Is it possible to call a user-space callback function from kernel space in Linux (ioctl)?

    - by Makis
    Is it possible to expand the ioctl interface in Linux so that the user-space application can send a pointer to a function to the kernel space driver? I'm in particular thinking of ways to handle the stream in user-controllable way but doing it in the kernel. Those operations could be attached to the kernel module but this would make development a lot easier as I wouldn't need to mess with the kernel during development. More specifically, this would be the process: Data is read by the driver to a buffer. Data is handled by these user-defined functions in place. Some more handling is done, possibly with some HW blocks. Data is used by a user-space application.

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  • What does a linux device need to be seen by Hal?

    - by Jaime Soriano
    I'm trying to learn about device drivers on Linux Kernel, for that I've created three modules with: A bus type A device driver A fake device that does nothing now, only is registered Everything works fine, I can load the bus, the driver and the module that creates the device. Everything appears on sysfs, including the link between the device and the device driver that indicates that they are binded. And when the driver and device are loaded, I can see using udevadm monitor that also some events are provoked: KERNEL[1275564332.144997] add /module/bustest_driver (module) KERNEL[1275564332.145289] add /bus/bustest/drivers/bustest_example (drivers) UDEV [1275564332.157428] add /module/bustest_driver (module) UDEV [1275564332.157483] add /bus/bustest/drivers/bustest_example (drivers) KERNEL[1275564337.656650] add /module/bustest_device (module) KERNEL[1275564337.656817] add /devices/bustest_device (bustest) UDEV [1275564337.658294] add /module/bustest_device (module) UDEV [1275564337.664707] add /devices/bustest_device (bustest) But after everything, the device doesn't appear on hal. What else need a device to be seen by hal?

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  • How to create a new WCF/MVC/jQuery application from scratch

    - by pjohnson
    As a corporate developer by trade, I don't get much opportunity to create from-the-ground-up web sites; usually it's tweaks, fixes, and new functionality to existing sites. And with hobby sites, I often don't find the challenges I run into with enterprise systems; usually it's starting from Visual Studio's boilerplate project and adding whatever functionality I want to play around with, rarely deploying outside my own machine. So my experience creating a new enterprise-level site was a bit dated, and the technologies to do so have come a long way, and are much more ready to go out of the box. My intention with this post isn't so much to provide any groundbreaking insights, but to just tie together a lot of information in one place to make it easy to create a new site from scratch. Architecture One site I created earlier this year had an MVC 3 front end and a WCF 4-driven service layer. Using Visual Studio 2010, these project types are easy enough to add to a new solution. I created a third Class Library project to store common functionality the front end and services layers both needed to access, for example, the DataContract classes that the front end uses to call services in the service layer. By keeping DataContract classes in a separate project, I avoided the need for the front end to have an assembly/project reference directly to the services code, a bit cleaner and more flexible of an SOA implementation. Consuming the service Even by this point, VS has given you a lot. You have a working web site and a working service, neither of which do much but are great starting points. To wire up the front end and the services, I needed to create proxy classes and WCF client configuration information. I decided to use the SvcUtil.exe utility provided as part of the Windows SDK, which you should have installed if you installed VS. VS also provides an Add Service Reference command since the .NET 1.x ASMX days, which I've never really liked; it creates several .cs/.disco/etc. files, some of which contained hardcoded URL's, adding duplicate files (*1.cs, *2.cs, etc.) without doing a good job of cleaning up after itself. I've found SvcUtil much cleaner, as it outputs one C# file (containing several proxy classes) and a config file with settings, and it's easier to use to regenerate the proxy classes when the service changes, and to then maintain all your configuration in one place (your Web.config, instead of the Service Reference files). I provided it a reference to a copy of my common assembly so it doesn't try to recreate the data contract classes, had it use the type List<T> for collections, and modified the output files' names and .NET namespace, ending up with a command like: svcutil.exe /l:cs /o:MyService.cs /config:MyService.config /r:MySite.Common.dll /ct:System.Collections.Generic.List`1 /n:*,MySite.Web.ServiceProxies http://localhost:59999/MyService.svc I took the generated MyService.cs file and drop it in the web project, under a ServiceProxies folder, matching the namespace and keeping it separate from classes I coded manually. Integrating the config file took a little more work, but only needed to be done once as these settings didn't often change. A great thing Microsoft improved with WCF 4 is configuration; namely, you can use all the default settings and not have to specify them explicitly in your config file. Unfortunately, SvcUtil doesn't generate its config file this way. If you just copy & paste MyService.config's contents into your front end's Web.config, you'll copy a lot of settings you don't need, plus this will get unwieldy if you add more services in the future, each with its own custom binding. Really, as the only mandatory settings are the endpoint's ABC's (address, binding, and contract) you can get away with just this: <system.serviceModel>  <client>    <endpoint address="http://localhost:59999/MyService.svc" binding="wsHttpBinding" contract="MySite.Web.ServiceProxies.IMyService" />  </client></system.serviceModel> By default, the services project uses basicHttpBinding. As you can see, I switched it to wsHttpBinding, a more modern standard. Using something like netTcpBinding would probably be faster and more efficient since the client & service are both written in .NET, but it requires additional server setup and open ports, whereas switching to wsHttpBinding is much simpler. From an MVC controller action method, I instantiated the client, and invoked the method for my operation. As with any object that implements IDisposable, I wrapped it in C#'s using() statement, a tidy construct that ensures Dispose gets called no matter what, even if an exception occurs. Unfortunately there are problems with that, as WCF's ClientBase<TChannel> class doesn't implement Dispose according to Microsoft's own usage guidelines. I took an approach similar to Technology Toolbox's fix, except using partial classes instead of a wrapper class to extend the SvcUtil-generated proxy, making the fix more seamless from the controller's perspective, and theoretically, less code I have to change if and when Microsoft fixes this behavior. User interface The MVC 3 project template includes jQuery and some other common JavaScript libraries by default. I updated the ones I used to the latest versions using NuGet, available in VS via the Tools > Library Package Manager > Manage NuGet Packages for Solution... > Updates. I also used this dialog to remove packages I wasn't using. Given that it's smart enough to know the difference between the .js and .min.js files, I was hoping it would be smart enough to know which to include during build and publish operations, but this doesn't seem to be the case. I ended up using Cassette to perform the minification and bundling of my JavaScript and CSS files; ASP.NET 4.5 includes this functionality out of the box. The web client to web server link via jQuery was easy enough. In my JavaScript function, unobtrusively wired up to a button's click event, I called $.ajax, corresponding to an action method that returns a JsonResult, accomplished by passing my model class to the Controller.Json() method, which jQuery helpfully translates from JSON to a JavaScript object.$.ajax calls weren't perfectly straightforward. I tried using the simpler $.post method instead, but ran into trouble without specifying the contentType parameter, which $.post doesn't have. The url parameter is simple enough, though for flexibility in how the site is deployed, I used MVC's Url.Action method to get the URL, then sent this to JavaScript in a JavaScript string variable. If the request needed input data, I used the JSON.stringify function to convert a JavaScript object with the parameters into a JSON string, which MVC then parses into strongly-typed C# parameters. I also specified "json" for dataType, and "application/json; charset=utf-8" for contentType. For success and error, I provided my success and error handling functions, though success is a bit hairier. "Success" in this context indicates whether the HTTP request succeeds, not whether what you wanted the AJAX call to do on the web server was successful. For example, if you make an AJAX call to retrieve a piece of data, the success handler will be invoked for any 200 OK response, and the error handler will be invoked for failed requests, e.g. a 404 Not Found (if the server rejected the URL you provided in the url parameter) or 500 Internal Server Error (e.g. if your C# code threw an exception that wasn't caught). If an exception was caught and handled, or if the data requested wasn't found, this would likely go through the success handler, which would need to do further examination to verify it did in fact get back the data for which it asked. I discuss this more in the next section. Logging and exception handling At this point, I had a working application. If I ran into any errors or unexpected behavior, debugging was easy enough, but of course that's not an option on public web servers. Microsoft Enterprise Library 5.0 filled this gap nicely, with its Logging and Exception Handling functionality. First I installed Enterprise Library; NuGet as outlined above is probably the best way to do so. I needed a total of three assembly references--Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.Logging, and Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging. VS links with the handy Enterprise Library 5.0 Configuration Console, accessible by right-clicking your Web.config and choosing Edit Enterprise Library V5 Configuration. In this console, under Logging Settings, I set up a Rolling Flat File Trace Listener to write to log files but not let them get too large, using a Text Formatter with a simpler template than that provided by default. Logging to a different (or additional) destination is easy enough, but a flat file suited my needs. At this point, I verified it wrote as expected by calling the Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Logger.Write method from my C# code. With those settings verified, I went on to wire up Exception Handling with Logging. Back in the EntLib Configuration Console, under Exception Handling, I used a LoggingExceptionHandler, setting its Logging Category to the category I already had configured in the Logging Settings. Then, from code (e.g. a controller's OnException method, or any action method's catch block), I called the Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionPolicy.HandleException method, providing the exception and the exception policy name I had configured in the Exception Handling Settings. Before I got this configured correctly, when I tried it out, nothing was logged. In working with .NET, I'm used to seeing an exception if something doesn't work or isn't set up correctly, but instead working with these EntLib modules reminds me more of JavaScript (before the "use strict" v5 days)--it just does nothing and leaves you to figure out why, I presume due in part to the listener pattern Microsoft followed with the Enterprise Library. First, I verified logging worked on its own. Then, verifying/correcting where each piece wires up to the next resolved my problem. Your C# code calls into the Exception Handling module, referencing the policy you pass the HandleException method; that policy's configuration contains a LoggingExceptionHandler that references a logCategory; that logCategory should be added in the loggingConfiguration's categorySources section; that category references a listener; that listener should be added in the loggingConfiguration's listeners section, which specifies the name of the log file. One final note on error handling, as the proper way to handle WCF and MVC errors is a whole other very lengthy discussion. For AJAX calls to MVC action methods, depending on your configuration, an exception thrown here will result in ASP.NET'S Yellow Screen Of Death being sent back as a response, which is at best unnecessarily and uselessly verbose, and at worst a security risk as the internals of your application are exposed to potential hackers. I mitigated this by overriding my controller's OnException method, passing the exception off to the Exception Handling module as above. I created an ErrorModel class with as few properties as possible (e.g. an Error string), sending as little information to the client as possible, to both maximize bandwidth and mitigate risk. I then return an ErrorModel in JSON format for AJAX requests: if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAjaxRequest()){    filterContext.Result = Json(new ErrorModel(...));    filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;} My $.ajax calls from the browser get a valid 200 OK response and go into the success handler. Before assuming everything is OK, I check if it's an ErrorModel or a model containing what I requested. If it's an ErrorModel, or null, I pass it to my error handler. If the client needs to handle different errors differently, ErrorModel can contain a flag, error code, string, etc. to differentiate, but again, sending as little information back as possible is ideal. Summary As any experienced ASP.NET developer knows, this is a far cry from where ASP.NET started when I began working with it 11 years ago. WCF services are far more powerful than ASMX ones, MVC is in many ways cleaner and certainly more unit test-friendly than Web Forms (if you don't consider the code/markup commingling you're doing again), the Enterprise Library makes error handling and logging almost entirely configuration-driven, AJAX makes a responsive UI more feasible, and jQuery makes JavaScript coding much less painful. It doesn't take much work to get a functional, maintainable, flexible application, though having it actually do something useful is a whole other matter.

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