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  • CarrierWave and nested forms saving empty image object if photo :title is included in form

    - by Wasabi Developer
    I'm after some advice in regards to handling nested form data and I would be ever so grateful for any insights. The trouble is I'm not 100% sure why I require the following code in my model accepts_nested_attributes_for :holiday_image, allow_destroy: true, :reject_if => lambda { |a| a[:title].blank? } If I don't understand why I require to tact on on my accepts_nested_attributes_for association: :reject_if => lambda { |a| a[:title].blank? } If I remove this :reject_if lambda, it will save a blank holiday photo object in the database. I presume because it takes the :title field from the form as an empty string? I guess my question is, am I doing this right or is there a better way of this this within nested forms if I want to extend my HolidayImage model to include more strings like description, notes? Sorry If I can't be more succinct. My simple holiday app. # holiday.rb class Holiday < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :holiday_image accepts_nested_attributes_for :holiday_image, allow_destroy: true, :reject_if => lambda { |a| a[:title].blank? } attr_accessible :name, :content, :holiday_image_attributes end I'm using CarrierWave for image uploads. # holiday_image.rb class HolidayImage < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :holiday attr_accessible :holiday_id, :image, :title mount_uploader :image, ImageUploader end Inside my _form partial there is a field_for block <h3>Photo gallery</h3> <%= f.fields_for :holiday_image do |holiday_image| %> <% if holiday_image.object.new_record? %> <%= holiday_image.label :title, "Image Title" %> <%= holiday_image.text_field :title %> <%= holiday_image.file_field :image %> <% else %> Title: <%= holiday_image.object.title %> <%= image_tag(holiday_image.object.image.url(:thumb)) %> Tick to delete: <%= holiday_image.check_box :_destroy %> <% end %> Thanks again for your patience.

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  • Python - Checking for membership inside nested dict

    - by victorhooi
    heya, This is a followup questions to this one: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2901422/python-dictreader-skipping-rows-with-missing-columns Turns out I was being silly, and using the wrong ID field. I'm using Python 3.x here. I have a dict of employees, indexed by a string, "directory_id". Each value is a nested dict with employee attributes (phone number, surname etc.). One of these values is a secondary ID, say "internal_id", and another is their manager, call it "manager_internal_id". The "internal_id" field is non-mandatory, and not every employee has one. (I've simplified the fields a little, both to make it easier to read, and also for privacy/compliance reasons). The issue here is that we index (key) each employee by their directory_id, but when we lookup their manager, we need to find managers by their "internal_id". Before, when employee.keys() was a list of internal_ids, I was using a membership check on this. Now, the last part of my if statement won't work, since the internal_ids is part of the dict values, instead of the key itself. def lookup_supervisor(manager_internal_id, employees): if manager_internal_idis not None and manager_internal_id!= "" and manager_internal_id in employees.keys(): return (employees[manager_internal_id]['mail'], employees[manager_internal_id]['givenName'], employees[manager_internal_id]['sn']) else: return ('Supervisor Not Found', 'Supervisor Not Found', 'Supervisor Not Found') So the first question is, how do I check whether the manager_internal_id is present in the dict's values. I've tried substituting employee.keys() with employee.values(), that didn't work. Also, I'm hoping for something a little more efficient, not sure if there's a way to get a subset of the values, specifically, all the entries for employees[directory_id]['internal_id']. Hopefully there's some Pythonic way of doing this, without using a massive heap of nested for/if loops. My second question is, how do I then cleanly return the required employee attributes (mail, givenname, surname etc.). My for loop is iterating over each employee, and calling lookup_supervisor. I'm feeling a bit stupid/stumped here. def tidy_data(employees): for directory_id, data in employees.items(): # We really shouldnt' be passing employees back and forth like this - hmm, classes? data['SupervisorEmail'], data['SupervisorFirstName'], data['SupervisorSurname'] = lookup_supervisor(data['manager_internal_id'], employees) Thanks in advance =), Victor

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  • (nested) user controls within a mvp pattern causing sporadic problems

    - by LLEA
    hi everyone, I have a serious problem with nested user controls (UCs) in WinForms while trying to implement the mvp pattern (passive view). The project consists of one model (designed as a singleton) and a set of different presenters with corresponding view interfaces. To avoid one huge view interface and therefore an overloaded main UI, I decided to make use of a set of different UCs. Each UC has one view interface and one presenter that can access the model. But there are nested UCs: meaning that one specialised UC implements sort of a basic UC. The main UI just represents a container for all those UCs. So far, so good (if not, please ask)?! There are two problems that I am facing now (but I guess both are of the same origin): From time to time it is not possible anymore to load the UCs and test them within the Visual Studio 2008 User Control Test Container. The error message just says that a project with an output type of class library cannot be started directly etc. I can "handle" that by unloading all UC projects and reloading them afterwards. (I guess the references to all mvp components and other UCs are then updated). Assuming that the implementation of my mvp pattern is okay and all those UCs are testable within the VS Test Container at a certain time - there is the biggest problem still left: I am not able to add any UC (even the basic and unnested ones) to a simple Form (UI). The error message: error message.jpg Could it be that my basic UC causes all these Problems?! It consists of two simple ComboBoxes and implements a basic presenter and basic view interface. Whenever I add this UC to a different UC the VS designer adds two references to the public getter methods of the UC as resources. I then manually remove those resources from the resx-file and commend the corresponding lines in the designer file. thx in advance

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  • IndexOutofRangeException while using WriteLine in nested Parallel.For loops

    - by Umar Asif
    I am trying to write kinect depth data to a text file using nested Parallel.For loops with the following code. However, it gives IndexOutofRangeException. The code works perfect if using simple for loops but it hangs the UI since the depth format is set to 640x480 causing the loops to write 307200 lines in the text file at 30fps. Therefore, I switched to Parallel. For scheme. If I omit the writeLine command from the nested loops, the code works fine, which indicates that the IndexOutofRangeException is arising at the writeline command. I do not know how to troubleshoot this. Please advise. Any better workarounds to avoid UI freezing? Thanks. using (DepthImageFrame depthImageframe = d.OpenDepthImageFrame()) { if (depthImageframe == null) return; depthImageframe.CopyPixelDataTo(depthPixelData); swDepth = new StreamWriter(@"E:\depthData.txt", false); int i = 0; Parallel.For(0, depthImageframe.Width, delegate(int x) { Parallel.For(0, depthImageframe.Height, delegate(int y) { p[i] = sensor.MapDepthToSkeletonPoint(depthImageframe.Format, x, y, depthPixelData[x + depthImageframe.Width * y]); swDepth.WriteLine(i + "," + p[k].X + "," + p[k].Y + "," + p[k].Z); i++; }); }); swDepth.Close(); } }

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  • Python: Created nested dictionary from list of paths

    - by sberry2A
    I have a list of tuples the looks similar to this (simplified here, there are over 14,000 of these tuples with more complicated paths than Obj.part) [ (Obj1.part1, {<SPEC>}), (Obj1.partN, {<SPEC>}), (ObjK.partN, {<SPEC>}) ] Where Obj goes from 1 - 1000, part from 0 - 2000. These "keys" all have a dictionary of specs associated with them which act as a lookup reference for inspecting another binary file. The specs dict contains information such as the bit offset, bit size, and C type of the data pointed to by the path ObjK.partN. For example: Obj4.part500 might have this spec, {'size':32, 'offset':128, 'type':'int'} which would let me know that to access Obj4.part500 in the binary file I must unpack 32 bits from offset 128. So, now I want to take my list of strings and create a nested dictionary which in the simplified case will look like this data = { 'Obj1' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} }, 'ObjK' : {'part1':{spec}, 'partN':{spec} } } To do this I am currently doing two things, 1. I am using a dotdict class to be able to use dot notation for dictionary get / set. That class looks like this: class dotdict(dict): def __getattr__(self, attr): return self.get(attr, None) __setattr__ = dict.__setitem__ __delattr__ = dict.__delitem__ The method for creating the nested "dotdict"s looks like this: def addPath(self, spec, parts, base): if len(parts) > 1: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], dotdict()) self.addPath(spec, parts[1:], item) else: item = base.setdefault(parts[0], spec) return base Then I just do something like: for path, spec in paths: self.lookup = dotdict() self.addPath(spec, path.split("."), self.lookup) So, in the end self.lookup.Obj4.part500 points to the spec. Is there a better (more pythonic) way to do this?

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  • regressions with many nested categorical covariates

    - by eric
    I have a few hundred thousand measurements where the dependent variable is a probability, and would like to use logistic regression. However, the covariates I have are all categorical, and worse, are all nested. By this I mean that if a certain measurement has "city - Phoenix" then obviously it is certain to have "state - Arizona" and "country - U.S." I have four such factors - the most granular has some 20k levels, but if need be I could do without that one, I think. I also have a few non-nested categorical covariates (only four or so, with maybe three different levels each). What I am most interested in is prediction - given a new observation in some city, I would like to know the relevant probability/dependent variable. I am not interested as much in the related inferential machinery - standard deviations, etc - at least as of now. I am hoping I can afford to be sloppy. However, I would love to have that information unless it requires methods that are more computationally expensive. Does anyone have any advice on how to attack this? I have looked into mixed effects, but am not sure it is what I am looking for.

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  • Modify passed, nested dict/list

    - by Gerenuk
    I was thinking of writing a function to normalize some data. A simple approach is def normalize(l, aggregate=sum, norm_by=operator.truediv): aggregated=aggregate(l) for i in range(len(l)): l[i]=norm_by(l[i], aggregated) l=[1,2,3,4] normalize(l) l -> [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] However for nested lists and dicts where I want to normalize over an inner index this doesnt work. I mean I'd like to get l=[[1,100],[2,100],[3,100],[4,100]] normalize(l, ?? ) l -> [[0.1,100],[0.2,100],[0.3,100],[0.4,100]] Any ideas how I could implement such a normalize function? Maybe it would be crazy cool to write normalize(l[...][0]) Is it possible to make this work?? Or any other ideas? Also not only lists but also dict could be nested. Hmm... EDIT: I just found out that numpy offers such a syntax (for lists however). Anyone know how I would implement the ellipsis trick myself?

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  • Ruby on Rails - pass variable to nested form

    - by Krule
    I am trying to build a multilingual site using Rails, but I can't figure out how to pass variable to nested form. Right now I am creating nested form like this. @languages.each do @article.article_locale.build(:language_id => language.id) end But i would like to pass value of language to it so i can distinguish fields. Something like this. @languages.each do |language| @language = language @article.article_locale.build(:language_id => language.id) end However, I always end up with language of the last loop iteration. Any way to pass this variable? -- edit -- In the end, since I've got no answer I have solved this problem so it, at least, works as it should. Following code is my partial solution. In model: def self.languages Language.all end def self.language_name language = [] self.languages.each_with_index do |lang, i| language[i] = lang.longname end return language end In Controller: def new @article = Article.new Article.languages.each do |language| @article.article_locale.build(:language_id => language.id) end end In HAML View: -count = 0 -f.fields_for :article_locale do |al| %h3= Article.language_name[count] -count+=1 -field_set_tag do %p =al.label :name, t(:name) =al.text_field :name %p =al.label :description, t(:description) =al.text_area :description =al.hidden_field :language_id It's not the most elegant solution I suppose, but it works. I would really love if I could get rid of counter in view for instance.

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  • Creating nested fields for column on assignment table?

    - by H O
    I have three models, that represent a many to many relationship - Product, Sale and Product_sale. I have a nested form that allows me to create new products from the sale form - so far, so good. I have, however, added some additional fields to the assignment table - price, for example. How can I set the price on the assignment table from the product form, when it is nested in the sale form? I currently have the code below: <%= sale.fields_for :products do |products_builder| %> <%= render :partial => "products/form", :locals => {:f => products_builder, :form_actions_visible => false} %> <% end -%> I could nest a Product_sale form within the product form, but this would create a new product_sale, which is not what I am looking for. I will most likely need to nest the price field within the product form, to ensure that it updates the correct assignment record (since there could be multiple products on one sale form). How can I use a fields_for loop on the product form to update the existing assignment record that is built when I do @sale.products.build? The assignment record will not yet be saved, so I can not access it using a where clause and edit it that way. Thanks!

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  • PHP throws 'Allowed memory exhausted' errors while migrating data in Drupal.

    - by Stan
    I'm trying to setup a tiny sandbox on a local machine to play around with Drupal. I created a few CCK types; in order to create a few nodes I wrote the following script: chdir('C:\..\drupal'); require_once '.\includes\bootstrap.inc'; drupal_bootstrap(DRUPAL_BOOTSTRAP_FULL); module_load_include('inc', 'node', 'node.pages'); $node = array('type' => 'my_type'); $link = mysql_connect(..); mysql_select_db('my_db'); $query_bldg = ' SELECT stuff FROM table LIMIT 10 '; $result = mysql_query($query_bldg); while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($result)) { $form_state = array(); $form_state['values']['name'] = 'admin'; $form_state['values']['status'] = 1; $form_state['values']['op'] = t('Save'); $form_state['values']['title'] = $row->val_a; $form_state['values']['my_field'][0]['value'] = $row->val_b; ## About another dozen or so of similar assignments... drupal_execute('node_form', $form_state, (object)$node); } Here are a few relevant lines from php_errors.log: [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Notice: Undefined index: REMOTE_ADDR in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 1299 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Notice: Undefined index: REMOTE_ADDR in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 1299 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Warning: session_start(): Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by (output started at C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc:1299) in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 1143 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Warning: session_start(): Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc:1299) in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 1143 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc:1299) in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 709 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc:1299) in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 710 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc:1299) in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 711 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc:1299) in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 712 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:47] PHP Notice: Undefined index: REMOTE_ADDR in C:\..\drupal\includes\bootstrap.inc on line 1299 [12-Jun-2010 05:02:48] PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 239075328 bytes exhau sted (tried to allocate 261904 bytes) in C:\..\drupal\includes\form.inc on line 488 [12-Jun-2010 05:03:22] PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 239075328 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 261904 bytes) in C:\..\drupal\includes\form.inc on line 488 [12-Jun-2010 05:04:34] PHP Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 262144 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 261904 bytes) in Unknown on line 0 At this point any action php takes results in the last error shown above. I tried increasing the value of memory_limit in php.ini before the final Fatal error which obviously didn't help. How can the error be eliminated? Am I on a correct path to migrating data into Drupal or should the cck tables be operated on directly? Windows XP PHP 5.3.2 VC6 Apache 2.2

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  • Integrating GSL onto iPhone Xcode

    - by zeroinverse
    I have been trying to integrate GSL (Gnu Scientific Library) into an iPhone project using Xcode. The challenge is GSL has all the modules in different folders, yet when their header files are reference, they often reference instead of or . At least with I could use Xcode's recursive header file search to find it. But with , basically file not found. Does anyone have an easy way to address the hierarchical GSL structure to compile into Xcode? I can do it the tedious way of fixing all the #INCLUDE lines but hoping there is a better alternative. This way, I can more easily update GSL when changes are made by the community. NOTE: I found Xcode needs to find the right header file locations (make sure to adjust your TARGET Build settings, not just your Project Build settings).

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  • Including non-standard C headers in C++

    - by Swaroop S
    I needed to include a few c headers ( non standard header files ) in my C++ code to be compiled by gcc. The C header (foo.h) has support for : #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif and similarly at the end for }. The c++ code has the include "foo.h" I believe I should be able to just include the header (foo.h) and create instances of structs defined in the .h file. I am not able to compile the source code. It seems like the compiler looks at the c code as if it were c++ code. I see error such as error: expected constructor, destructor or type conversion before "(" Did I do something wrong ? I took advise from : http://www.parashift.com/c++-faq-lite/mixing-c-and-cpp.html What else do i need to do, to tell the c++ compiler "expect and compile as c code" ?

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  • Access to variables in an asp.net user control vs an include file

    - by user204588
    I've asked this question before but couldn't get the answer I was looking for so I'm going to try it again. I'm translating pages from old asp to asp.net and I don't want to do this any other way so I really just want to know if this can be done. In asp, I'd assign a variable on one page <% myVar = "something" %> I could assign many variables here and then use an include <!--#include file="Test2.aspx"--> then in test2 file, I could access all the variables without having to pass all the variables into the control or declaring them again, like <% myVar = "something else" %> I want to do this the dot net way but I have some thirty variables on the page and i don't want to pass a bunch into the user control and I don't want to have to keep declaring the same variables. All I really want to know is if there is some way to replicate the behavior above in asp.net?

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  • When is #include <new> library required in C++?

    - by Czarak
    Hi, According to this reference entry for operator new ( http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/std/new/operator%20new/ ) : Global dynamic storage operator functions are special in the standard library: All three versions of operator new are declared in the global namespace, not in the std namespace. The first and second versions are implicitly declared in every translation unit of a C++ program: The header does not need to be included for them to be present. This seems to me to imply that the third version of operator new (placement new) is not implicitly declared in every translation unit of a C++ program and the header <new> does need to be included for it to be present. Is that correct? If so, how is it that using both g++ and MS VC++ Express compilers it seems I can compile code using the third version of new without #include <new> in my source code? Also, the MSDN Standard C++ Library reference entry on operator new gives some example code for the three forms of operator new which contains the #include <new> statement, however the example seems to compile and run just the same for me without this include? // new_op_new.cpp // compile with: /EHsc #include<new> #include<iostream> using namespace std; class MyClass { public: MyClass( ) { cout << "Construction MyClass." << this << endl; }; ~MyClass( ) { imember = 0; cout << "Destructing MyClass." << this << endl; }; int imember; }; int main( ) { // The first form of new delete MyClass* fPtr = new MyClass; delete fPtr; // The second form of new delete char x[sizeof( MyClass )]; MyClass* fPtr2 = new( &x[0] ) MyClass; fPtr2 -> ~MyClass(); cout << "The address of x[0] is : " << ( void* )&x[0] << endl; // The third form of new delete MyClass* fPtr3 = new( nothrow ) MyClass; delete fPtr3; } Could anyone shed some light on this and when and why you might need to #include <new> - maybe some example code that will not compile without #include <new> ? Thanks.

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  • Include code in ASP.net

    - by Tom Gullen
    I've got an ASP.net file, and I'm trying to include dynamic code which was easy in classic ASP. Here is what I have tried so far: <%@ Register TagPrefix="TagPre" TagName="header" Src="alg/classes.aspx"%> and <!--#include file="alg/classes.aspx"--> But neither of these seem to work. The content of classes.aspx is: <script runat="server"> ' Square class Public Class square Public sqRows As Integer 'Numbers of rows this square has Public sqCols As Integer 'Number of columns this square has Public sqArray(,) As Integer 'The square array ' Initialise square array to match size of canvas Public Sub initSqArray(ByVal canvCols, ByVal canvRows) ReDim sqArray(canvCols, canvRows) sqRows = canvRows sqCols = canvCols End Sub End Class Thanks for any help!

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  • What is the scope of require_once in PHP?

    - by TMG
    Simple question: Is the scope of require_once global? For example: <?PHP require_once('baz.php'); // do some stuff foo ($bar); function foo($bar) { require_once('baz.php'); // do different stuff } ?> When foo is called, does it re-parse baz.php? Or does it rely on the already required file from the main php file (analagous to calling require_once twice consecutively for the same include file)? I saw this thread before, but it didn't quite answer the question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1669707/should-require-once-some-file-php-appear-anywhere-but-the-top-of-the-file Thanks for your help!

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  • Set a class for an element in a PHP include()

    - by paracaudex
    I have an identical horizontal menu at the top of all of my pages, which I add using a PHP include() statement. In my stylesheet I want to have a class where if the user is on a particular page, the menu item corresponding to that page will have a different color. So, more or less: #dropdown { background-color:blue; } #dropdown .active { background-color:green; } But, since the menu comes from the PHP include, it's always the same. How can I write some PHP or JavaScript that adds class="active" to the appropriate menu item for each page?

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  • undefined reference errors in C++

    - by Phenom
    I have files Record.h and Record.cpp. When I just include the Record.h file, I get several undefined reference errors to functions defined in those files. When I also include Record.cpp then the errors go away. Why is that? Record.h has the forward declarations for the functions it says are an undefined reference.

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  • Nested <a> and <span> challenge

    - by PaddyO
    Hi all, Trying in vain to get a nested link working within a nested span. This is a working test page for the code below to explain what I'm trying to do. Any ideas on how to get this working in valid html? I guess it's either a nesting order or style syntax thing but I am at a loss. Any thoughts much appreciated. <div id="greyback"> <ul id="scrollbox"> <li class="listcat">List header</li> <li><a class="menu" href="#freeze">List item 1<span><b>This text has popped up because you have clicked the list item, which has an "a" tag and now has :focus. That "a" tag is the first of two.</b><br><br>What I am trying to do is to set the second "a" tag as a DIFFERENT "embedded" link in this box<span style="color: blue; background-color: yellow;">eg, here<a href="http://www.conservationenterprises.com" target="blank">This is the second (nested) "a" tag in this html nest. It is a link to an external site. Instead of this being an always-visible link, I want it to sit within the yellow box in the first span (click the List item 1 to display).</a></span> </a></span> </li> </a></span> </li> </ul> </div> and the CSS: #scrollbox {margin: 0 auto; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; width:19em; height:auto; max-height: 21em; overflow:auto; border-bottom: 0.1em solid #FFA500; border-top: 0.1em solid #FFA500;} #scrollbox a {float: left; color:#000000; text-decoration:none; width:18em; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em; text-align:left;} #scrollbox a.menu {} #scrollbox a span {display:none; position:absolute; left:0em; top:0;} #scrollbox a span img {float: right; border:0; max-width:7.5em;} #scrollbox a:hover {border: 0; color: #7ebb11; font-size:0.9em;} #scrollbox a:hover span {border: 0; color: #535353;} #scrollbox a span:focus {color: blue;} #scrollbox a:active {border:none; color: #535353; text-decoration: none;} #scrollbox a:focus {border:0em solid #000; outline:0;} #scrollbox a:active span, #scrollbox li a:active span, #scrollbox a:focus span, #scrollbox li a:focus span {display: block; width: 52.5em; min-height: 20em; height: auto; left: 1.5em; top:18em; z-index:10; font-size:0.9em; text-align: left; padding: 1em; padding-bottom: 0em; background-color: #c3FFe3; color: #535353; border: solid #FFA500 0.25em;} #scrollbox li a:active span span, #scrollbox li a:focus span span{display: block; width: auto; height: auto; min-height: 2em; left: 25em; top:10em; z-index:10; font-size:0.9em; text-align: left; padding: 1em; padding-bottom: 0em; background-color: transparent; color: #535353; border: dashed red 1px;} .ul#scrollbox {padding-left: 0.1em;} #scrollbox li {float:left; list-style: none; background: url(blank.png) no-repeat left center; margin-left: 0em; font-family:Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9em;} #scrollbox li.listcat {float: left; text-align:left; width: 18em; margin-left: 0em; margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.3em; padding-top:0.5em; color: green; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight:bold;} Cheers Patrick.

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  • Python performance: iteration and operations on nested lists

    - by J.J.
    Problem Hey folks. I'm looking for some advice on python performance. Some background on my problem: Given: A mesh of nodes of size (x,y) each with a value (0...255) starting at 0 A list of N input coordinates each at a specified location within the range (0...x, 0...y) Increment the value of the node at the input coordinate and the node's neighbors within range Z up to a maximum of 255. Neighbors beyond the mesh edge are ignored. (No wrapping) BASE CASE: A mesh of size 1024x1024 nodes, with 400 input coordinates and a range Z of 75 nodes. Processing should be O(x*y*Z*N). I expect x, y and Z to remain roughly around the values in the base case, but the number of input coordinates N could increase up to 100,000. My goal is to minimize processing time. Current results I have 2 current implementations: f1, f2 Running speed on my 2.26 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo with Python 2.6.1: f1: 2.9s f2: 1.8s f1 is the initial naive implementation: three nested for loops. f2 is replaces the inner for loop with a list comprehension. Code is included below for your perusal. Question How can I further reduce the processing time? I'd prefer sub-1.0s for the test parameters. Please, keep the recommendations to native Python. I know I can move to a third-party package such as numpy, but I'm trying to avoid any third party packages. Also, I've generated random input coordinates, and simplified the definition of the node value updates to keep our discussion simple. The specifics have to change slightly and are outside the scope of my question. thanks much! f1 is the initial naive implementation: three nested for loops. 2.9s def f1(x,y,n,z): rows = [] for i in range(x): rows.append([0 for i in xrange(y)]) for i in range(n): inputX, inputY = (int(x*random.random()), int(y*random.random())) topleft = (inputX - z, inputY - z) for i in xrange(max(0, topleft[0]), min(topleft[0]+(z*2), x)): for j in xrange(max(0, topleft[1]), min(topleft[1]+(z*2), y)): if rows[i][j] <= 255: rows[i][j] += 1 f2 is replaces the inner for loop with a list comprehension. 1.8s def f2(x,y,n,z): rows = [] for i in range(x): rows.append([0 for i in xrange(y)]) for i in range(n): inputX, inputY = (int(x*random.random()), int(y*random.random())) topleft = (inputX - z, inputY - z) for i in xrange(max(0, topleft[0]), min(topleft[0]+(z*2), x)): l = max(0, topleft[1]) r = min(topleft[1]+(z*2), y) rows[i][l:r] = [j+1 for j in rows[i][l:r] if j < 255]

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  • Accessing nested HashMaps in Java

    - by mridang
    Hi, I have a HashMap in Java, the contents of which (as you all probably know) can be accessed by HashMap.get("keyname"); If a have a HashMap inside another HashMap i.e. a nested HashMap, how would i access the contents? Can i do this like this, inline: HashMap.get("keyname").get("nestedkeyname"); Thank you.

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