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  • Type patterns in Haskell

    - by finnsson
    I'm trying to compile a simple example of generic classes / type patterns (see http://www.haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/users_guide/generic-classes.html) in Haskell but it won't compile. Any ideas about what's wrong with the code would be helpful. According to the documentation there should be a module Generics with the data types Unit, :*:, and :+: but ghc (6.12.1) complaints about Not in scope: data constructor 'Unit' etc. It seems like there's a package instant-generics with the data types :*:, :+: and U but when I import that module (instead of Generics) I get the error Illegal type pattern in the generic bindings {myPrint _ = ""} The complete source code is import Generics.Instant class MyPrint a where myPrint :: a -> String myPrint {| U |} _ = "" myPrint {| a :*: b |} (x :*: y) = "" (show x) ++ ":*:" ++ (show y) myPrint {| a :+: b |} _ = "" data Foo = Foo String instance MyPrint a => MyPrint a main = myPrint $ Foo "hi" and I compile it using ghc --make Foo.hs -fglasgow-exts -XGenerics -XUndecidableInstances P.S. The module Generics export no data types, only the functions: canDoGenerics mkGenericRhs mkTyConGenericBinds validGenericInstanceType validGenericMethodType

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  • MVVM View reference to ViewModel

    - by BrettRobi
    I'm using MVVM in a WPF app. I'm very new to both. Let me state that I am not a purest in the MVVM pattern, I am trying to use as many best practices as I can but am trying to make what I think are reasonable compromises to make it work in our environment. For example, I am not trying to achieve 0% code in my View codebehind. I have a couple of questions about best practices. 1) I understand I don't want my VM to know about the attached View, but is it reasonable for the View to have a reference to its VM? 2) If a control in a View opens another View (such as a dialog) should I handle this in the View? It seems wrong to handle it in the VM since then the VM has some knowledge of a specific View.

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  • Partitioning requests in code among several servers

    - by Jacques René Mesrine
    I have several forum servers (what they are is irrelevant) which stores posts from users and I want to be able to partition requests among these servers. I'm currently leaning towards partitioning them by geographic location. To improve the locality of data, users will be separated into regions e.g. North America, South America and so on. Is there any design pattern on how to implement the function that maps the partioning property to the server, so that this piece of code has high availability and would not become a single point of failure ? f( Region ) -> Server IP

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  • Why use hashing to create pathnames for large collections of files?

    - by Stephen
    Hi, I noticed a number of cases where an application or database stored collections of files/blobs using a has to determine the path and filename. I believe the intended outcome is a situation where the path never gets too deep, or the folders ever get too full - too many files (or folders) in a folder making for slower access. EDIT: Examples are often Digital libraries or repositories, though the simplest example I can think of (that can be installed in about 30s) is the Zotero document/citation database. Why do this? EDIT: thanks Mat for the answer - does this technique of using a hash to create a file path have a name? Is it a pattern? I'd like to read more, but have failed to find anything in the ACM Digital Library

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  • GridView items are displaying the wrong drawables sometimes.

    - by originalbryan
    I've implemented a GridView based on this tutorial. It works great unless open up the search dialog or rotate the screen then scroll around. When the search dialog and virtual keyboard appear, the drawables for each of my grid items shift. I can click on them and they do what I expect, except the drawable is wrong. The same problem happens when I go into landscape mode and scroll around. If I scroll down, up, the down again, the drawables are shuffled. For better illustration, let's say I have three objects, each with an image. Obj A shows an Apple Obj B shows a Banana Obj C shows a Cantaloupe When the shift occurs I end up with: Obj A shows an Cantaloupe Obj B shows a Banana Obj C shows a Apple The problem isn't consistent between the two causes (search dialog and screen rotate n' scroll), but each cause itself is consistent. Scrolling around repeatedly reveals a pattern as does the search dialog appearing. How can I stop this from happening?

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  • string parsing help

    - by sprugman
    I've got a string like this: #################### Section One #################### Data A Data B #################### Section Two #################### Data C Data D etc. I want to parse it into something like: $arr( 'Section One' => array('Data A', 'Data B'), 'Section Two' => array('Data C', 'Data D') ) At first I tried this: $sections = preg_split("/(\r?\n)(\r?\n)#/", $file_content); The problem is, the file isn't perfectly clean: sometimes there are different numbers of blank lines between the sections, or blank spaces between data rows. The section head pattern itself seems to be relatively consistent: #################### Section Title #################### The number of #'s is probably consistent, but I don't want to count on it. The white space on the title line is pretty random. Once I have it split into sections, I think it'll be pretty straightforward, but any help writing a killer reg ex to get it there would be appreciated. (Or if there's a better approach than reg ex...)

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  • Is there a better way to serially submit multiple AJAX requests?

    - by friedo
    I have a page with multiple forms that I submit via Ajax POSTs serially. At first, I tried using synchronous XHR requests, but this causes the browser to lock up for the duration of the request, and breaks my DOM-manipulation effects, which is unacceptable. So the pattern I ended up using is basically this: var fcount = 0; // incremented for each form to be submitted function submit_form( num ) { var fdata = { ... }; // data from form # num $.ajax( { async: true, url: '/index.cgi', data: fdata, type: 'POST', success: function() { if ( num < fcount ) { submit_form( ++num ); } } } ); } $( '#submit_form_btn' ).click( function() { submit_form( 1 ) } ); The recursion strikes me as a bit of an ugly solution to what is essentially an iterative problem. Is there a cleaner or more elegant way that this could be handled?

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  • Java: Ignoring escapes when parsing XML

    - by Personman
    I'm using a DocumentBuilder to parse XML files. However, the specification for the project requires that within text nodes, strings like " and < be returned literally, and not turned into the corresponding ASCII values. A previous similar question, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1979785/read-escaped-quote-as-escaped-quote-from-xml, received one answer that seems to be specific to Apache, and another that appears to simply not not do what it says it does. I'd love to be proven wrong on either count, however :) For reference, here is some code: file = new File(fileName); DocBderFac = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocBder = DocBderFac.newDocumentBuilder(); doc = DocBder.parse(file); NodeList textElmntLst = doc.getElementsByTagName(text); Element textElmnt = (Element) textElmntLst.item(0); NodeList txts = textElmnt.getChildNodes(); String txt = ((Node) txts.item(0)).getNodeValue(); System.out.println(txt); I would like that println() to produce things like &quot;3&gt;2&quot; instead of "3>2" which is what currently happens. Thanks!

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  • Looking for a good explanation of the table generation macro idiom

    - by detly
    I want to make this clear up front : I know how this trick works, what I want is a link to a clear explanation to share with others. One of the answers to a C macro question talks about the "X macro" or "not yet defined macro" idiom. This involves defining something like: #define MAGIC_LIST \ X(name_1, default_1) \ X(name_2, default_2) \ ... Then to create, say, an array of values with named indices you do: typedef enum { #define X(name, val) name, MAGIC_LIST #undef X } NamedDefaults; You can repeat the procedure with a different #define for X() to create an array of values, and maybe debugging strings, etc. I'd like a link to a clear explanation of how this works, pitched at someone who is passably familiar with C. I have no idea what everyone usually calls this pattern, though, so my attempts to search the web for it have failed thus far. (If there is such an explanation on SO, that'd be fine...)

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  • How to tell when my batch of EAP calls are completed?

    - by codemonkie
    This is following my question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2607038/c-how-to-consume-web-service-adheres-to-the-event-based-asynchronous-pattern My program is calling the DoStuffAsync() x many times in a batch, hence the callback will get invoked the same number of times upon OnComplete(). Is there a way to find out when my batch is finished such that I can generate a report on the success/failed results? All I can think of is to have a static count variable for x and deduct 1 every time OnComplete() is called, but its kind of silly and error prone I'm afraid. TIA.

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  • Favoriting system on Appengine

    - by Mateusz Cieslak
    Hi, I have the following model structure class Authors(db.Model) : nickname = db.StringProperty(required=True) fullname = db.StringProperty(required=True) class Articles(db.Model) : title = db.StringProperty(required=True) body = db.StringProperty(required=True) author = db.ReferenceProperty(Authors, required=True) class Favorites(db.Model) : who = db.ReferenceProperty(Authors, required=True) what = db.ReferenceProperty(Articles, required=True) I'd like to display 10 last articles according to this pattern: article.title, article.body, article.author(nickname), info if this article has been already favorited by the signed in user. I have added a function which I use to get the authors of these articles using only one query (it is described here) But I don't know what to do with the favorites (I'd like to know which of the displayed articles have been favorited by me using less than 10 queries (I want to display 10 articles)). Is it possible?

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  • Entity Framework 4: C# !(ReferenceEquals()) vs !=

    - by Eric J.
    Unless a class specifically overrides the behavior defined for Object, ReferenceEquals and == do the same thing... compare references. In property setters, I have commonly used the pattern private MyType myProperty; public MyType MyProperty { set { if (myProperty != value) { myProperty = value; // Do stuff like NotifyPropertyChanged } } } However, in code generated by Entity Framework, the if statement is replaced by if (!ReferenceEquals(myProperty, value)) Using ReferenceEquals is more explicit (as I guess not all C# programmers know that == does the same thing if not overridden). Is there any difference that's escaping me between the two if-variants? Are they perhaps accounting for the possibility that POCO designers may have overridden ==? In short, if I have not overridden ==, am I save using != instead of ReferencEquals()?

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  • How to disable UI control based on domain object's state?

    - by Subb
    Here's my problem. I have a somewhat complex domain object, which, depending on its state, responds to certain actions. I think the state pattern is pretty much the solution for that. However, I need to display which actions are possible at any moment in the UI. Ex: The domain object is an audio player. Some songs can't be skipped (like ads), so I need to disable the "next" and "previous" buttons in the GUI so the user have some kind of feedback of which action he can execute. I've looked at Swing's Action class (note: this is not a Java project), but I think I would need to keep every Actions in my domain object class (audio player), so it can enable or disable them depending on its own state (thus, affecting the UI). Is it the way to do it?

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  • Regular expressions and matching URLs with metacharacters

    - by James P.
    I'm having trouble finding a regular expression that matches the following String. Korben;http://feeds.feedburner.com/KorbensBlog-UpgradeYourMind?format=xml;1 One problem is escaping the question mark. Java's pattern matcher doesn't seem to accept \? as a valid escape sequence but it also fails to work with the tester at myregexp.com. Here's what I have so far: ([a-zA-Z0-9])+;http://([a-zA-Z0-9./-]+);[0-9]+ Any suggestions? Edit: The original intent was to match all URLs that could be found after the first semi colon.

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  • pdf external streams in Max OS X Preview

    - by olpa
    According to the specification, a part of a PDF document can reside in an external file. An example for an image: 2 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 117 /Height 117 /BitsPerComponent 8 /Length 0 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /FFilter /DCTDecode /F (pinguine.jpg) >> stream endstream endobj I found that this functionality does work in Adobe Acrobat 5.0 for Windows (sample PDF with the image), also I managed to view this file in Adobe Acrobat Reader 8.1.3 for Mac OS X after I found the setting "Allow external content". Unfortunately, it seems that non-Adobe tools ignore the external stream feature. I hope I'm wrong, therefore ask the question: How to enable external streams in Mac OS X? (I think that all the system Mac OS X tools use the same library, therefore say "Mac OS X" instead of "Preview".) Or maybe there could be a programming hook to emulate external streams? My task is: store a big set of images (total ˜300Mb) outside of a small PDF (˜1Mb). At some moment, I want to filter PDF through a quartz filter and get a PDF with the images embedded. Any suggestions are welcome.

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  • php regex replace slashes and spaces and hyphens

    - by Muhammad Shahzad
    I have fews combinations of strings that I need to bring in to one pattern, that is multiple spaces should be removed, double hyphens should be replaced with single hypen, and single space should be replaced with single hyphen. I have already tried this expression. $output = preg_replace( "/[^[:space:]a-z0-9]/e", "", $output ); $output = trim( $output ); $output = preg_replace( '/\s+/', '-', $output ); But this fails in few combinations. I need help in making all of these combinations to work perfectly: steel-black steel- black steel black I should also remove any of these as well "\r\n\t".

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  • Can we you the attached properties in C# class library?

    - by Manas Agarwal
    Hi I have implemented the Observer Pattern with lazy load. The class that requests the data from the database is a singleton class. Now I am able to load the data from one database (located in one datacenter) very easily. But I need to get the data from other data centers too and display on the same UI. I can somehow pass the address of second data center and fetch the data from there also. But once I will get the data from second data center, it will be added to earlier list only. So later it will be thought for me to distinguish between the data. So I thought of attaching a property with the result set, so that while displaying the output I can show the data for both the data centers separately but on the same UI. I thought of attached property as an option where I can attach the data center name with the list of the data obtained. How is it possible to do in C#? Thanks Manas

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  • database vs flat file, which is a faster structure for regex matching with many simultaneous request

    - by Jamex
    Hi, which structure returns faster result and/or less taxing on the host server, flat file or database (mysql)? Assume many users (100 users) are simultaneously query the file/db. Searches involve pattern matching using regex against a static file/db. File has 50,000 unique lines (same data type). There could be many matches. There is no writing to the file/db, just read. Is it possible to have a duplicate the file/db and write a logic switch to use the backup file/db if the main file is in use? Which language is best for the type of structure? Perl for flat and PHP for db? TIA

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  • Instanced drawing with OpenGL ES 2.0

    - by Mårten Wikström
    In short: Is it possible to use the gl_InstanceID built-in variable in OpenGL ES 2.0? And, if so, how? Some more info: I want to draw multiple instances of an object using glDrawArraysInstanced and gl_InstanceID, and I want my application to run on multiple platforms, including iOS. The specification clearly says that these features require ES 3.0. According to the iOS Device Compatibility Reference ES 3.0 is only available on a few devices (those based on the A7 GPU; so iPhone 5s, but not on iPhone 5 or earlier). So my first assumption was that I needed to avoid using instanced drawing on older iOS devices. However, further down in the compatibility reference document it says that the EXT_draw_instanced extension is supported for all SGX Series 5 processors (that includes iPhone 5 and 4s). This makes me think that I could indeed use instanced drawing on older iOS devices too, by looking up and using the appropriate extension function (EXT or ARB) for glDrawArraysInstanced. I'm currently just running some test code using SDL and GLEW on Windows so I haven't tested anything on iOS yet. However, in my current setup I'm having trouble using the gl_InstanceID built-in variable in a vertex shader. I'm getting the following error message: 'gl_InstanceID' : variable is not available in current GLSL version Enabling the "draw_instanced" extension in GLSL has no effect: #extension GL_ARB_draw_instanced : enable #extension GL_EXT_draw_instanced : enable The error goes away when I specifically declare that I need ES 3.0 (GLSL 300 ES): #version 300 es Although that seem to work fine on my Windows desktop machine in an ES 2.0 context I doubt that this would work on an iPhone 5. So, shall I abandon the idea of being able to use instanced drawing on older iOS devices?

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  • JBoss 6 unpacks jars from WEB-INF/lib of war

    - by Maxym
    when I start JBoss 6 I see that it unpacks all jar files from WEB-INF/lib in tmp/vfs/automountXXX folder. E.g. jackrabbit-server.war contains library asm-3.1.jar, then in tmp folder I see the following folders with files: asm-3.1.jar-83dc35ead0d41d41/asm-3.1.jar asm-3.1.jar-2a48f1c13ec7f25d/contents/"unpacked asm-3.1.jar" it does not take files from my.ear/lib only WEB-INF/lib... Why is it so? And is here any way to prevent it doing so? It just slows down application server starting (and stopping), what is not that comfortable at development... If it is somehow related to JavaEE 6 specification and ejb-jars, which can be located now in WEB-INF/lib, so I don't have such libraries in my war files... UPDATE: actually when I repack jackrabbit-server.war to jackrabbit-server.ear which contains jackrabbit-server.war and moved all its libraries to jackrabbit-server.ear/lib then I still see two folders in tmp: asm-3.1.jar-215a36131ebb088e/asm-3.1.jar asm-3.1.jar-14695f157664f00/contents/ but in this case last folder is empty. So it still creates two folders, but does not unpack my library. Also I use exploded deployment so the question is only about jar files, not unpacking ear/war.

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  • Different background colors for the top and bottom of a UITableView

    - by Aaron Brethorst
    If you look at your Inbox in iPhone OS 3.0's Mail app, you'll see that swiping down displays a grayish background color above the UISearchBar. Now, if you scroll down to the bottom of the table, you'll see that the background color at that end is white. I can think of a couple ways of solving this problem, but they're pretty hacky: Change the table view's background color depending on the current scrollOffset by overriding -scrollViewDidScroll: Give the UITableView a clear background color and then set its superview's backgroundColor to a gradient pattern image. Does anyone know what the "best practice" solution is for this problem? thanks.

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  • What is the corrrect way to increment a field making up part of a composit key

    - by Tr1stan
    I have a bunch of tables whose primary key is made up of the foreign keys of other tables (Composite key). Therefore for example the attributes (as a very cut down version) might look like this: A[aPK, SomeFields] 1:M B[bPK, aFK, SomeFields] 1:M C[cPK, bFK, aFK, SomeFields] as data this could look like: A[aPK, SomeFields]: 1, Foo 2, Bar B[bPK, aFK, SomeFields]: 1, 1, FooData1 2, 1, FooData2 1, 2, BarData1 2, 2, BarData2 C[cPK, bFK, aFK, SomeFields]: 1, 1, 1, FooData1More 2, 1, 1, FooData1More 1, 2, 1, FooData2More 2, 2, 1, FooData2More 1, 1, 2, BarData1More 2, 1, 2, BarData1More 1, 2, 2, BarData2More 2, 2, 2, BarData2More I've got this running in a MSSQL DBMS and I'm looking for the best way to increment the left most column, in each table when a new tuple is added to it. I can't use the Auto Increment Identity Specification option as that has no idea that it is part of a composite key. I also don't want to use any aggregate function such as: MAX(field)+1 as this will have adverse affects with multiple users inputting data, rolling back etc. There might however be a nice trigger based option here, but I'm not sure. This must be a common issue so I'm hoping that someone has a lovely solution. As a side which may or may not affect the answer, I'm using Entity Framework 1.0 as my ORM, within a c# MVC application.

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  • Do I still have to implement a singleton class by hand in .net, even when using .Net4.0?

    - by Hamish Grubijan
    Once the singleton pattern is understood, writing subsequent singleton classes in C# is a brainless exercise. I would hope that the framework would help you by providing an interface or a base class to do that. Here is how I envision it: public sealed class Schablone : ISingleton<Schablone> { // Stuff forced by the interface goes here // Extra logic goes here } Does what I am looking for exist? Is there some syntactic sugar for constructing a singleton class - whether with an interface, a class attribute, etc.? Can one write a useful and bullet-proof ISingleton themselves? Care to try? Thanks!

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  • Why state cannot be part of Presenter in MVP?

    - by rFactor
    I read http://www.codeproject.com/KB/architecture/MVC_MVP_MVVM_design.aspx and it said: As powerful as they are, both MVC and MVP have their problems. One of them is persistence of the View’s state. For instance, if the Model, being a domain object, does not know anything about the UI, and the View does not implement any business logic, then where would we store the state of the View’s elements such as selected items? Fowler comes up with a solution in the form of a Presentation Model pattern. I wonder why Presenter can't hold View state? It already holds all View logic. As far as I understand, in MVC and MVP the state is kept in View. In PM and MVVM the state is kept in the Presentation Model. Why can't Presenter follow PM in this particular case and contain the state of the view? Here is another article which says Presenter does not hold View state, instead the view does: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/ArchitectureComparison.aspx

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  • what is the return value of BeautifulSoup.find ?

    - by prosseek
    I run to get some value as score. score = soup.find('div', attrs={'class' : 'summarycount'}) I run 'print score' to get as follows. <div class=\"summarycount\">524</div> I need to extract the number part. I used re module but failed. m = re.search("[^\d]+(\d+)", score) TypeError: expected string or buffer function search in re.py at line 142 return _compile(pattern, flags).search(string) What's the return type of the find function? How to get the number from the score variable? Is there any easy way to let BeautifulSoup to return the value(in this case 524) itself?

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