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  • How can I remove old kernels/install new ones when /boot is full?

    - by Marcel
    I know this question is asked many times before, however with me it is just a bit different I guess. # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 224G 5.2G 208G 3% / udev 1.9G 4.0K 1.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 777M 260K 777M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /run/shm /dev/sda2 90M 88M 0 100% /boot /dev/sda6 1.9G 514M 1.3G 29% /tmp My boot partition is full. Current Kernel: # uname -r 3.2.0-35-generic All Kernels: # dpkg --list | grep linux-image ii linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic 3.2.0-32.51 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-34-generic 3.2.0-34.53 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.2.0-35-generic 3.2.0-35.55 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic 3.2.0-37.58 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic 3.2.0-38.60 Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP iU linux-image-generic 3.2.0.37.45 Generic Linux kernel image So I thought of removing the 3.2.0.32-generic kernel with: # sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.2.0-32-generic Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: linux-generic : Depends: linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45) but 3.2.0.38.46 is to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution). No success. When I try apt-get -f install it also fails: # apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: linux-headers-3.2.0-34 linux-headers-3.2.0-35 linux-headers-3.2.0-34-generic linux-headers-3.2.0-35-generic Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: linux-generic linux-image-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic linux-image-generic 2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 5 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/4,334 B of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up initramfs-tools (0.99ubuntu13.1) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (3.2.0-37.58) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-37-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic with 1. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic (3.2.0-38.60) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-38-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-38-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-38-generic with 1. run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic.postinst line 1010. dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic: linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic; however: Package linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet. linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Version of linux-headers-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ... No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic gzip: stdout: No space left on device E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1 update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-35-generic with 1. dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic linux-image-3.2.0-38-generic linux-image-generic linux-generic initramfs-tools E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Any help would really be appreciated. Update: I did: sudo rm /boot/*-3.2.0-32-generic /boot/*-3.2.0-34-generic After that the following problem with apt-get -f install: root@localhost:/# apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following extra packages will be installed: linux-generic The following packages will be upgraded: linux-generic 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/1,722 B of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic: linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Version of linux-image-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46. linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.37.45); however: Version of linux-headers-generic on system is 3.2.0.38.46. dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Errors were encountered while processing: linux-generic E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

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  • Using Apache FOP from .NET level

    - by Lukasz Kurylo
    In one of my previous posts I was talking about FO.NET which I was using to generate a pdf documents from XSL-FO. FO.NET is one of the .NET ports of Apache FOP. Unfortunatelly it is no longer maintained. I known it when I decidec to use it, because there is a lack of available (free) choices for .NET to render a pdf form XSL-FO. I hoped in this implementation I will find all I need to create a pdf file with my really simple requirements. FO.NET is a port from some old version of Apache FOP and I found really quickly that there is a lack of some features that I needed, like dotted borders, double borders or support for margins. So I started to looking for some alternatives. I didn’t try the NFOP, another port of Apache FOP, because I found something I think much more better, the IKVM.NET project.   IKVM.NET it is not a pdf renderer. So what it is? From the project site:   IKVM.NET is an implementation of Java for Mono and the Microsoft .NET Framework. It includes the following components: a Java Virtual Machine implemented in .NET a .NET implementation of the Java class libraries tools that enable Java and .NET interoperability   In the simplest form IKVM.NET allows to use a Java code library in the C# code and vice versa.   I tried to use an Apache FOP, the best I think open source pdf –> XSL-FO renderer written in Java from my project written in C# using an IKVM.NET and it work like a charm. In the rest of the post I want to show, how to prepare a .NET *.dll class library from Apache FOP *.jar’s with IKVM.NET and generate a simple Hello world pdf document.   To start playing with IKVM.NET and Apache FOP we need to download their packages: IKVM.NET Apache FOP and then unpack them.   From the FOP directory copy all the *.jar’s files from lib and build catalogs to some location, e.g. d:\fop. Second step is to build the *.dll library from these files. On the console execute the following comand:   ikvmc –target:library –out:d:\fop\fop.dll –recurse:d:\fop   The ikvmc is located in the bin subdirectory where you unpacked the IKVM.NET. You must execute this command from this catalog, add this path to the global variable PATH or specify the full path to the bin subdirectory.   In no error occurred during this process, the fop.dll library should be created. Right now we can create a simple project to test if we can create a pdf file.   So let’s create a simple console project application and add reference to the fop.dll and the IKVM dll’s: IKVM.OpenJDK.Core and IKVM.OpenJDK.XML.API.   Full code to generate a pdf file from XSL-FO template:   static void Main(string[] args)         {             //initialize the Apache FOP             FopFactory fopFactory = FopFactory.newInstance();               //in this stream we will get the generated pdf file             OutputStream o = new DotNetOutputMemoryStream();             try             {                 Fop fop = fopFactory.newFop("application/pdf", o);                 TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();                 Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer();                   //read the template from disc                 Source src = new StreamSource(new File("HelloWorld.fo"));                 Result res = new SAXResult(fop.getDefaultHandler());                 transformer.transform(src, res);             }             finally             {                 o.close();             }             using (System.IO.FileStream fs = System.IO.File.Create("HelloWorld.pdf"))             {                 //write from the .NET MemoryStream stream to disc the generated pdf file                 var data = ((DotNetOutputMemoryStream)o).Stream.GetBuffer();                 fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);             }             Process.Start("HelloWorld.pdf");             System.Console.ReadLine();         }   Apache FOP be default using a Java’s Xalan to work with XML files. I didn’t find a way to replace this piece of code with equivalent from .NET standard library. If any error or warning will occure during generating the pdf file, on the console will ge shown, that’s why I inserted the last line in the sample above. The DotNetOutputMemoryStream this is my wrapper for the Java OutputStream. I have created it to have the possibility to exchange data between the .NET <-> Java objects. It’s implementation:   class DotNetOutputMemoryStream : OutputStream     {         private System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();         public System.IO.MemoryStream Stream         {             get             {                 return ms;             }         }         public override void write(int i)         {             ms.WriteByte((byte)i);         }         public override void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)         {             ms.Write(b, off, len);         }         public override void write(byte[] b)         {             ms.Write(b, 0, b.Length);         }         public override void close()         {             ms.Close();         }         public override void flush()         {             ms.Flush();         }     } The last thing we need, this is the HelloWorld.fo template.   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">   <fo:layout-master-set>     <fo:simple-page-master master-name="simple"                   page-height="29.7cm"                   page-width="21cm"                   margin-top="1.8cm"                   margin-bottom="0.8cm"                   margin-left="1.6cm"                   margin-right="1.2cm">       <fo:region-body margin-top="3cm"/>       <fo:region-before extent="3cm"/>       <fo:region-after extent="1.5cm"/>     </fo:simple-page-master>   </fo:layout-master-set>   <fo:page-sequence master-reference="simple">     <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">       <fo:block font-size="18pt" color="black" text-align="center">         Hello, World!       </fo:block>     </fo:flow>   </fo:page-sequence> </fo:root>   I’m not going to explain how how this template is created, because this will be covered in the near future posts.   Generated pdf file should look that:

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  • Can't remove burg theme packages

    - by Lassi
    Today after trying to install and remove BURG and few themes I faced an issue. Now I can't install or remove anything. Here is the output (unfortunately partly in Finnish, I couldn't change language since it also seems to depend on package listings: lassi@lassi-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get autoremove Luetaan pakettiluetteloita... Valmis Muodostetaan riippuvuussuhteiden puu Luetaan tilatietoja... Valmis Seuraavat paketit POISTETAAN: burg-theme-fortune burg-theme-gnome burg-theme-picchio 0 päivitetty, 0 uutta asennusta, 3 poistettavaa ja 0 päivittämätöntä. 3 ei asennettu kokonaan tai poistettiin. Toiminnon jälkeen vapautuu 7 180 k t levytilaa. Haluatko jatkaa [K/e]? k (Luetaan tietokantaa... 166462 files and directories currently installed.) Poistetaan pakettia burg-theme-fortune... sudo: update-burg: command not found dpkg: virhe käsiteltäessä burg-theme-fortune (--remove): aliprosessi installed post-removal script palautti virhetilakoodin 1 Poistetaan pakettia burg-theme-gnome... sudo: update-burg: command not found dpkg: virhe käsiteltäessä burg-theme-gnome (--remove): aliprosessi installed post-removal script palautti virhetilakoodin 1 Poistetaan pakettia burg-theme-picchio... sudo: update-burg: command not found dpkg: virhe käsiteltäessä burg-theme-picchio (--remove): aliprosessi installed post-removal script palautti virhetilakoodin 1 Käsittelyssä tapahtui liian monta virhettä: burg-theme-fortune burg-theme-gnome burg-theme-picchio E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Basically what seems to happen is this: It creates the package lists, then tries to remove packet burg-theme-fortune. This fails as update-burg command was not found. Then dpkg reports an error while processing the packet. Same goes with all 3 packages. In the end it claims that there were too many errors, and packages stay installed. I also tried installing burg as it tries to run command update-burg, but appears that it tries to delete these packages always when I try to install or remove or do anything with apt. Any ideas how I could solve this issue? Edit: Here is the output of apt-get install burg (tried installing again to get English output) lassi@lassi-ubuntu:~$ LC_ALL=C sudo apt-get install burg [sudo] password for lassi: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done burg is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. 3 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/6169 kB of archives. After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 167497 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to replace burg-theme-fortune 0.5.0-1 (using .../burg-theme-fortune_0.5.0-1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement burg-theme-fortune ... Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: warning: subprocess old post-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/burg-theme-fortune_0.5.0-1_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace burg-theme-gnome 0.5.0-1 (using .../burg-theme-gnome_0.5.0-1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement burg-theme-gnome ... Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: warning: subprocess old post-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/burg-theme-gnome_0.5.0-1_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Preparing to replace burg-theme-picchio 0.5.0-1 (using .../burg-theme-picchio_0.5.0-1_all.deb) ... Unpacking replacement burg-theme-picchio ... Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: warning: subprocess old post-removal script returned error exit status 1 dpkg - trying script from the new package instead ... Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/burg-theme-picchio_0.5.0-1_all.deb (--unpack): subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Generating burg.cfg ... /usr/sbin/burg-probe: error: cannot stat `/boot/burg/locale'. No path or device is specified. Try `/usr/sbin/burg-probe --help' for more information. dpkg: error while cleaning up: subprocess new post-removal script returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/burg-theme-fortune_0.5.0-1_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/burg-theme-gnome_0.5.0-1_all.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/burg-theme-picchio_0.5.0-1_all.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) lassi@lassi-ubuntu:~$

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  • Source-control 'wet-work'?

    - by Phil Factor
    When a design or creative work is flawed beyond remedy, it is often best to destroy it and start again. The other day, I lost the code to a long and intricate SQL batch I was working on. I’d thought it was impossible, but it happened. With all the technology around that is designed to prevent this occurring, this sort of accident has become a rare event.  If it weren’t for a deranged laptop, and my distraction, the code wouldn’t have been lost this time.  As always, I sighed, had a soothing cup of tea, and typed it all in again.  The new code I hastily tapped in  was much better: I’d held in my head the essence of how the code should work rather than the details: I now knew for certain  the start point, the end, and how it should be achieved. Instantly the detritus of half-baked thoughts fell away and I was able to write logical code that performed better.  Because I could work so quickly, I was able to hold the details of all the columns and variables in my head, and the dynamics of the flow of data. It was, in fact, easier and quicker to start from scratch rather than tidy up and refactor the existing code with its inevitable fumbling and half-baked ideas. What a shame that technology is now so good that developers rarely experience the cleansing shock of losing one’s code and having to rewrite it from scratch.  If you’ve never accidentally lost  your code, then it is worth doing it deliberately once for the experience. Creative people have, until Technology mistakenly prevented it, torn up their drafts or sketches, threw them in the bin, and started again from scratch.  Leonardo’s obsessive reworking of the Mona Lisa was renowned because it was so unusual:  Most artists have been utterly ruthless in destroying work that didn’t quite make it. Authors are particularly keen on writing afresh, and the results are generally positive. Lawrence of Arabia actually lost the entire 250,000 word manuscript of ‘The Seven Pillars of Wisdom’ by accidentally leaving it on a train at Reading station, before rewriting a much better version.  Now, any writer or artist is seduced by technology into altering or refining their work rather than casting it dramatically in the bin or setting a light to it on a bonfire, and rewriting it from the blank page.  It is easy to pick away at a flawed work, but the real creative process is far more brutal. Once, many years ago whilst running a software house that supplied commercial software to local businesses, I’d been supervising an accounting system for a farming cooperative. No packaged system met their needs, and it was all hand-cut code.  For us, it represented a breakthrough as it was for a government organisation, and success would guarantee more contracts. As you’ve probably guessed, the code got mangled in a disk crash just a week before the deadline for delivery, and the many backups all proved to be entirely corrupted by a faulty tape drive.  There were some fragments left on individual machines, but they were all of different versions.  The developers were in despair.  Strangely, I managed to re-write the bulk of a three-month project in a manic and caffeine-soaked weekend.  Sure, that elegant universally-applicable input-form routine was‘nt quite so elegant, but it didn’t really need to be as we knew what forms it needed to support.  Yes, the code lacked architectural elegance and reusability. By dawn on Monday, the application passed its integration tests. The developers rose to the occasion after I’d collapsed, and tidied up what I’d done, though they were reproachful that some of the style and elegance had gone out of the application. By the delivery date, we were able to install it. It was a smaller, faster application than the beta they’d seen and the user-interface had a new, rather Spartan, appearance that we swore was done to conform to the latest in user-interface guidelines. (we switched to Helvetica font to look more ‘Bauhaus’ ). The client was so delighted that he forgave the new bugs that had crept in. I still have the disk that crashed, up in the attic. In IT, we have had mixed experiences from complete re-writes. Lotus 123 never really recovered from a complete rewrite from assembler into C, Borland made the mistake with Arago and Quattro Pro  and Netscape’s complete rewrite of their Navigator 4 browser was a white-knuckle ride. In all cases, the decision to rewrite was a result of extreme circumstances where no other course of action seemed possible.   The rewrite didn’t come out of the blue. I prefer to remember the rewrite of Minix by young Linus Torvalds, or the rewrite of Bitkeeper by a slightly older Linus.  The rewrite of CP/M didn’t do too badly either, did it? Come to think of it, the guy who decided to rewrite the windowing system of the Xerox Star never regretted the decision. I’ll agree that one should often resist calls for a rewrite. One of the worst habits of the more inexperienced programmer is to denigrate whatever code he or she inherits, and then call loudly for a complete rewrite. They are buoyed up by the mistaken belief that they can do better. This, however, is a different psychological phenomenon, more related to the idea of some motorcyclists that they are operating on infinite lives, or the occasional squaddies that if they charge the machine-guns determinedly enough all will be well. Grim experience brings out the humility in any experienced programmer.  I’m referring to quite different circumstances here. Where a team knows the requirements perfectly, are of one mind on methodology and coding standards, and they already have a solution, then what is wrong with considering  a complete rewrite? Rewrites are so painful in the early stages, until that point where one realises the payoff, that even I quail at the thought. One needs a natural disaster to push one over the edge. The trouble is that source-control systems, and disaster recovery systems, are just too good nowadays.   If I were to lose this draft of this very blog post, I know I’d rewrite it much better. However, if you read this, you’ll know I didn’t have the nerve to delete it and start again.  There was a time that one prayed that unreliable hardware would deliver you from an unmaintainable mess of a codebase, but now technology has made us almost entirely immune to such a merciful act of God. An old friend of mine with long experience in the software industry has long had the idea of the ‘source-control wet-work’,  where one hires a malicious hacker in some wild eastern country to hack into one’s own  source control system to destroy all trace of the source to an application. Alas, backup systems are just too good to make this any more than a pipedream. Somehow, it would be difficult to promote the idea. As an alternative, could one construct a source control system that, on doing all the code-quality metrics, would systematically destroy all trace of source code that failed the quality test? Alas, I can’t see many managers buying into the idea. In reading the full story of the near-loss of Toy Story 2, it set me thinking. It turned out that the lucky restoration of the code wasn’t the happy ending one first imagined it to be, because they eventually came to the conclusion that the plot was fundamentally flawed and it all had to be rewritten anyway.  Was this an early  case of the ‘source-control wet-job’?’ It is very hard nowadays to do a rapid U-turn in a development project because we are far too prone to cling to our existing source-code.

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  • How to set Grub to automatically load Xen kernel

    - by Cerin
    How do you configure Grub to automatically use the Xen kernel under Ubuntu 11.10? No matter what I do, it loads the first menuentry. The only way I can get it to load Xen is to manually select the kernel, which I can't do if I have to reboot the server remotely, or there's a power failure and the machine automatically boots up when power's restored, etc. It's driving me nuts. In my /boot/grub/grub.cfg, the Xen kernel is at index 4 (i.e. it's the 5th menuentry). So I've tried: Setting GRUB_DEFAULT=4, and running sudo update-grub Setting GRUB_DEFAULT=saved and GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true, and running sudo update-grub Setting GRUB_DEFAULT="Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server", and running sudo update-grub None of these work. It continues to load the first menuentry, which is "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server". Below is my current /boot/grub/grub.cfg. What am I doing wrong? # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=2 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-16-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } submenu "Previous Linux versions" { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail set gfxpayload=$linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### submenu "Xen 4.1-amd64" { menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-16-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-16-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-16-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-16-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-12-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } menuentry 'Ubuntu GNU/Linux, with Xen 4.1-amd64 and Linux 3.0.0-12-server (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --class xen { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac echo 'Loading Xen 4.1-amd64 ...' multiboot /boot/xen-4.1-amd64.gz placeholder echo 'Loading Linux 3.0.0-12-server ...' module /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-12-server placeholder root=UUID=d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac ro single echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' module /boot/initrd.img-3.0.0-12-server } } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod raid insmod mdraid1x insmod part_msdos insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='(mduuid/be73165bc31d6f5cd00d05036c7b964f)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d72bad3f-9ed7-44b9-b3d1-d7af9f62a8ac linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

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  • Source-control 'wet-work'?

    - by Phil Factor
    When a design or creative work is flawed beyond remedy, it is often best to destroy it and start again. The other day, I lost the code to a long and intricate SQL batch I was working on. I’d thought it was impossible, but it happened. With all the technology around that is designed to prevent this occurring, this sort of accident has become a rare event.  If it weren’t for a deranged laptop, and my distraction, the code wouldn’t have been lost this time.  As always, I sighed, had a soothing cup of tea, and typed it all in again.  The new code I hastily tapped in  was much better: I’d held in my head the essence of how the code should work rather than the details: I now knew for certain  the start point, the end, and how it should be achieved. Instantly the detritus of half-baked thoughts fell away and I was able to write logical code that performed better.  Because I could work so quickly, I was able to hold the details of all the columns and variables in my head, and the dynamics of the flow of data. It was, in fact, easier and quicker to start from scratch rather than tidy up and refactor the existing code with its inevitable fumbling and half-baked ideas. What a shame that technology is now so good that developers rarely experience the cleansing shock of losing one’s code and having to rewrite it from scratch.  If you’ve never accidentally lost  your code, then it is worth doing it deliberately once for the experience. Creative people have, until Technology mistakenly prevented it, torn up their drafts or sketches, threw them in the bin, and started again from scratch.  Leonardo’s obsessive reworking of the Mona Lisa was renowned because it was so unusual:  Most artists have been utterly ruthless in destroying work that didn’t quite make it. Authors are particularly keen on writing afresh, and the results are generally positive. Lawrence of Arabia actually lost the entire 250,000 word manuscript of ‘The Seven Pillars of Wisdom’ by accidentally leaving it on a train at Reading station, before rewriting a much better version.  Now, any writer or artist is seduced by technology into altering or refining their work rather than casting it dramatically in the bin or setting a light to it on a bonfire, and rewriting it from the blank page.  It is easy to pick away at a flawed work, but the real creative process is far more brutal. Once, many years ago whilst running a software house that supplied commercial software to local businesses, I’d been supervising an accounting system for a farming cooperative. No packaged system met their needs, and it was all hand-cut code.  For us, it represented a breakthrough as it was for a government organisation, and success would guarantee more contracts. As you’ve probably guessed, the code got mangled in a disk crash just a week before the deadline for delivery, and the many backups all proved to be entirely corrupted by a faulty tape drive.  There were some fragments left on individual machines, but they were all of different versions.  The developers were in despair.  Strangely, I managed to re-write the bulk of a three-month project in a manic and caffeine-soaked weekend.  Sure, that elegant universally-applicable input-form routine was‘nt quite so elegant, but it didn’t really need to be as we knew what forms it needed to support.  Yes, the code lacked architectural elegance and reusability. By dawn on Monday, the application passed its integration tests. The developers rose to the occasion after I’d collapsed, and tidied up what I’d done, though they were reproachful that some of the style and elegance had gone out of the application. By the delivery date, we were able to install it. It was a smaller, faster application than the beta they’d seen and the user-interface had a new, rather Spartan, appearance that we swore was done to conform to the latest in user-interface guidelines. (we switched to Helvetica font to look more ‘Bauhaus’ ). The client was so delighted that he forgave the new bugs that had crept in. I still have the disk that crashed, up in the attic. In IT, we have had mixed experiences from complete re-writes. Lotus 123 never really recovered from a complete rewrite from assembler into C, Borland made the mistake with Arago and Quattro Pro  and Netscape’s complete rewrite of their Navigator 4 browser was a white-knuckle ride. In all cases, the decision to rewrite was a result of extreme circumstances where no other course of action seemed possible.   The rewrite didn’t come out of the blue. I prefer to remember the rewrite of Minix by young Linus Torvalds, or the rewrite of Bitkeeper by a slightly older Linus.  The rewrite of CP/M didn’t do too badly either, did it? Come to think of it, the guy who decided to rewrite the windowing system of the Xerox Star never regretted the decision. I’ll agree that one should often resist calls for a rewrite. One of the worst habits of the more inexperienced programmer is to denigrate whatever code he or she inherits, and then call loudly for a complete rewrite. They are buoyed up by the mistaken belief that they can do better. This, however, is a different psychological phenomenon, more related to the idea of some motorcyclists that they are operating on infinite lives, or the occasional squaddies that if they charge the machine-guns determinedly enough all will be well. Grim experience brings out the humility in any experienced programmer.  I’m referring to quite different circumstances here. Where a team knows the requirements perfectly, are of one mind on methodology and coding standards, and they already have a solution, then what is wrong with considering  a complete rewrite? Rewrites are so painful in the early stages, until that point where one realises the payoff, that even I quail at the thought. One needs a natural disaster to push one over the edge. The trouble is that source-control systems, and disaster recovery systems, are just too good nowadays.   If I were to lose this draft of this very blog post, I know I’d rewrite it much better. However, if you read this, you’ll know I didn’t have the nerve to delete it and start again.  There was a time that one prayed that unreliable hardware would deliver you from an unmaintainable mess of a codebase, but now technology has made us almost entirely immune to such a merciful act of God. An old friend of mine with long experience in the software industry has long had the idea of the ‘source-control wet-work’,  where one hires a malicious hacker in some wild eastern country to hack into one’s own  source control system to destroy all trace of the source to an application. Alas, backup systems are just too good to make this any more than a pipedream. Somehow, it would be difficult to promote the idea. As an alternative, could one construct a source control system that, on doing all the code-quality metrics, would systematically destroy all trace of source code that failed the quality test? Alas, I can’t see many managers buying into the idea. In reading the full story of the near-loss of Toy Story 2, it set me thinking. It turned out that the lucky restoration of the code wasn’t the happy ending one first imagined it to be, because they eventually came to the conclusion that the plot was fundamentally flawed and it all had to be rewritten anyway.  Was this an early  case of the ‘source-control wet-job’?’ It is very hard nowadays to do a rapid U-turn in a development project because we are far too prone to cling to our existing source-code.

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  • elffile: ELF Specific File Identification Utility

    - by user9154181
    Solaris 11 has a new standard user level command, /usr/bin/elffile. elffile is a variant of the file utility that is focused exclusively on linker related files: ELF objects, archives, and runtime linker configuration files. All other files are simply identified as "non-ELF". The primary advantage of elffile over the existing file utility is in the area of archives — elffile examines the archive members and can produce a summary of the contents, or per-member details. The impetus to add elffile to Solaris came from the effort to extend the format of Solaris archives so that they could grow beyond their previous 32-bit file limits. That work introduced a new archive symbol table format. Now that there was more than one possible format, I thought it would be useful if the file utility could identify which format a given archive is using, leading me to extend the file utility: % cc -c ~/hello.c % ar r foo.a hello.o % file foo.a foo.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table % ar r -S foo.a hello.o % file foo.a foo.a: current ar archive, 64-bit symbol table In turn, this caused me to think about all the things that I would like the file utility to be able to tell me about an archive. In particular, I'd like to be able to know what's inside without having to unpack it. The end result of that train of thought was elffile. Much of the discussion in this article is adapted from the PSARC case I filed for elffile in December 2010: PSARC 2010/432 elffile Why file Is No Good For Archives And Yet Should Not Be Fixed The standard /usr/bin/file utility is not very useful when applied to archives. When identifying an archive, a user typically wants to know 2 things: Is this an archive? Presupposing that the archive contains objects, which is by far the most common use for archives, what platform are the objects for? Are they for sparc or x86? 32 or 64-bit? Some confusing combination from varying platforms? The file utility provides a quick answer to question (1), as it identifies all archives as "current ar archive". It does nothing to answer the more interesting question (2). To answer that question, requires a multi-step process: Extract all archive members Use the file utility on the extracted files, examine the output for each file in turn, and compare the results to generate a suitable summary description. Remove the extracted files It should be easier and more efficient to answer such an obvious question. It would be reasonable to extend the file utility to examine archive contents in place and produce a description. However, there are several reasons why I decided not to do so: The correct design for this feature within the file utility would have file examine each archive member in turn, applying its full abilities to each member. This would be elegant, but also represents a rather dramatic redesign and re-implementation of file. Archives nearly always contain nothing but ELF objects for a single platform, so such generality in the file utility would be of little practical benefit. It is best to avoid adding new options to standard utilities for which other implementations of interest exist. In the case of the file utility, one concern is that we might add an option which later appears in the GNU version of file with a different and incompatible meaning. Indeed, there have been discussions about replacing the Solaris file with the GNU version in the past. This may or may not be desirable, and may or may not ever happen. Either way, I don't want to preclude it. Examining archive members is an O(n) operation, and can be relatively slow with large archives. The file utility is supposed to be a very fast operation. I decided that extending file in this way is overkill, and that an investment in the file utility for better archive support would not be worth the cost. A solution that is more narrowly focused on ELF and other linker related files is really all that we need. The necessary code for doing this already exists within libelf. All that is missing is a small user-level wrapper to make that functionality available at the command line. In that vein, I considered adding an option for this to the elfdump utility. I examined elfdump carefully, and even wrote a prototype implementation. The added code is small and simple, but the conceptual fit with the rest of elfdump is poor. The result complicates elfdump syntax and documentation, definite signs that this functionality does not belong there. And so, I added this functionality as a new user level command. The elffile Command The syntax for this new command is elffile [-s basic | detail | summary] filename... Please see the elffile(1) manpage for additional details. To demonstrate how output from elffile looks, I will use the following files: FileDescription configA runtime linker configuration file produced with crle dwarf.oAn ELF object /etc/passwdA text file mixed.aArchive containing a mixture of ELF and non-ELF members mixed_elf.aArchive containing ELF objects for different machines not_elf.aArchive containing no ELF objects same_elf.aArchive containing a collection of ELF objects for the same machine. This is the most common type of archive. The file utility identifies these files as follows: % file config dwarf.o /etc/passwd mixed.a mixed_elf.a not_elf.a same_elf.a config: Runtime Linking Configuration 64-bit MSB SPARCV9 dwarf.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 /etc/passwd: ascii text mixed.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table mixed_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table not_elf.a: current ar archive same_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table By default, elffile uses its "summary" output style. This output differs from the output from the file utility in 2 significant ways: Files that are not an ELF object, archive, or runtime linker configuration file are identified as "non-ELF", whereas the file utility attempts further identification for such files. When applied to an archive, the elffile output includes a description of the archive's contents, without requiring member extraction or other additional steps. Applying elffile to the above files: % elffile config dwarf.o /etc/passwd mixed.a mixed_elf.a not_elf.a same_elf.a config: Runtime Linking Configuration 64-bit MSB SPARCV9 dwarf.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 /etc/passwd: non-ELF mixed.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table, mixed ELF and non-ELF content mixed_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table, mixed ELF content not_elf.a: current ar archive, non-ELF content same_elf.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table, ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 The output for same_elf.a is of particular interest: The vast majority of archives contain only ELF objects for a single platform, and in this case, the default output from elffile answers both of the questions about archives posed at the beginning of this discussion, in a single efficient step. This makes elffile considerably more useful than file, within the realm of linker-related files. elffile can produce output in two other styles, "basic", and "detail". The basic style produces output that is the same as that from 'file', for linker-related files. The detail style produces per-member identification of archive contents. This can be useful when the archive contents are not homogeneous ELF object, and more information is desired than the summary output provides: % elffile -s detail mixed.a mixed.a: current ar archive, 32-bit symbol table mixed.a(dwarf.o): ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable 80386 Version 1 mixed.a(main.c): non-ELF content mixed.a(main.o): ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable AMD64 Version 1 [SSE]

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  • Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center : Using Operational Profiles to Install Packages and other Content

    - by LeonShaner
    Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center provides numerous ways to deploy content, such as through OS Update Profiles, or as part of an OS Provisioning plan or combinations of those and other "Install Software" capabilities of Deployment Plans.  This short "how-to" blog will highlight an alternative way to deploy content using Operational Profiles. Usually we think of Operational Profiles as a way to execute a simple "one-time" script to perform a basic system administration function, which can optionally be based on user input; however, Operational Profiles can be much more powerful than that.  There is often more to performing an action than merely running a script -- sometimes configuration files, packages, binaries, and other scripts, etc. are needed to perform the action, and sometimes the user would like to leave such content on the system for later use. For shell scripts and other content written to be generic enough to work on any flavor of UNIX, converting the same scripts and configuration files into Solaris 10 SVR4 package, Solaris 11 IPS package, and/or a Linux RPM's might be seen as three times the work, for little appreciable gain.   That is where using an Operational Profile to deploy simple scripts and other generic content can be very helpful.  The approach is so powerful, that pretty much any kind of content can be deployed using an Operational Profile, provided the files involved are not overly large, and it is not necessary to convert the content into UNIX variant-specific formats. The basic formula for deploying content with an Operational Profile is as follows: Begin with a traditional script header, which is a UNIX shell script that will be responsible for decoding and extracting content, copying files into the right places, and executing any other scripts and commands needed to install and configure that content. Include steps to make the script platform-aware, to do the right thing for a given UNIX variant, or a "sorry" message if the operator has somehow tried to run the Operational Profile on a system where the script is not designed to run.  Ops Center can constrain execution by target type, so such checks at this level are an added safeguard, but also useful with the generic target type of "Operating System" where the admin wants the script to "do the right thing," whatever the UNIX variant. Include helpful output to show script progress, and any other informational messages that can help the admin determine what has gone wrong in the case of a problem in script execution.  Such messages will be shown in the job execution log. Include necessary "clean up" steps for normal and error exit conditions Set non-zero exit codes when appropriate -- a non-zero exit code will cause an Operational Profile job to be marked failed, which is the admin's cue to look into the job details for diagnostic messages in the output from the script. That first bullet deserves some explanation.  If Operational Profiles are usually simple "one-time" scripts and binary content is not allowed, then how does the actual content, packages, binaries, and other scripts get delivered along with the script?  More specifically, how does one include such content without needing to first create some kind of traditional package?   All that is required is to simply encode the content and append it to the end of the Operational Profile.  The header portion of the Operational Profile will need to contain the commands to decode the embedded content that has been appended to the bottom of the script.  The header code can do whatever else is needed, and finally clean up any intermediate files that were created during the decoding and extraction of the content. One way to encode binary and other content for inclusion in a script is to use the "uuencode" utility to convert the content into simple base64 ASCII text -- a form that is suitable to be appended to an Operational Profile.   The behavior of the "uudecode" utility is such that it will skip over any parts of the input that do not fit the uuencoded "begin" and "end" clauses.  For that reason, your header script will be skipped over, and uudecode will find your embedded content, that you will uuencode and paste at the end of the Operational Profile.  You can have as many "begin" / "end" clauses as you need -- just separate each embedded file by an empty line between "begin" and "end" clauses. Example:  Install SUNWsneep and set the system serial number Script:  deploySUNWsneep.sh ( <- right-click / save to download) Highlights: #!/bin/sh # Required variables: OC_SERIAL="$OC_SERIAL" # The user-supplied serial number for the asset ... Above is a good practice, showing right up front what kind of input the Operational Profile will require.   The right-hand side where $OC_SERIAL appears in this example will be filled in by Ops Center based on the user input at deployment time. The script goes on to restrict the use of the program to the intended OS type (Solaris 10 or older, in this example, but other content might be suitable for Solaris 11, or Linux -- it depends on the content and the script that will handle it). A temporary working directory is created, and then we have the command that decodes the embedded content from "self" which in scripting terms is $0 (a variable that expands to the name of the currently executing script): # Pass myself through uudecode, which will extract content to the current dir uudecode $0 At that point, whatever content was appended in uuencoded form at the end of the script has been written out to the current directory.  In this example that yields a file, SUNWsneep.7.0.zip, which the rest of the script proceeds to unzip, and pkgadd, followed by running "/opt/SUNWsneep/bin/sneep -s $OC_SERIAL" which is the command that stores the system serial for future use by other programs such as Explorer.   Don't get hung up on the example having used a pkgadd command.  The content started as a zip file and it could have been a tar.gz, or any other file.  This approach simply decodes the file.  The header portion of the script has to make sense of the file and do the right thing (e.g. it's up to you). The script goes on to clean up after itself, whether or not the above was successful.  Errors are echo'd by the script and a non-zero exit code is set where appropriate. Second to last, we have: # just in case, exit explicitly, so that uuencoded content will not cause error OPCleanUP exit # The rest of the script is ignored, except by uudecode # # UUencoded content follows # # e.g. for each file needed, #  $ uuencode -m {source} {source} > {target}.uu5 # then paste the {target}.uu5 files below # they will be extracted into the workding dir at $TDIR # The commentary above also describes how to encode the content. Finally we have the uuencoded content: begin-base64 444 SUNWsneep.7.0.zip UEsDBBQAAAAIAPsRy0Di3vnukAAAAMcAAAAKABUAcmVhZG1lLnR4dFVUCQADOqnVT7up ... VXgAAFBLBQYAAAAAAgACAJEAAADTNwEAAAA= ==== That last line of "====" is the base64 uuencode equivalent of a blank line, followed by "end" and as mentioned you can have as many begin/end clauses as you need.  Just separate each embedded file by a blank line after each ==== and before each begin-base64. Deploying the example Operational Profile looks like this (where I have pasted the system serial number into the required field): The job succeeded, but here is an example of the kind of diagnostic messages that the example script produces, and how Ops Center displays them in the job details: This same general approach could be used to deploy Explorer, and other useful utilities and scripts. Please let us know what you think?  Until next time...\Leon-- Leon Shaner | Senior IT/Product ArchitectSystems Management | Ops Center Engineering @ Oracle The views expressed on this [blog; Web site] are my own and do not necessarily reflect the views of Oracle. For more information, please go to Oracle Enterprise Manager  web page or  follow us at :  Twitter | Facebook | YouTube | Linkedin | Newsletter

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  • Exalogic 2.0.1 Tea Break Snippets - Creating a ModifyJeOS VirtualBox

    - by The Old Toxophilist
    Following on from my previous blog entry "Modifying the Base Template" I decided to put together a quick blog to show how to create a small VirtualBox, guest, that can be used to execute the ModifyJeOS and hence edit you templates. One of the main advantages of this is that Templates can be created away from the Exalogic Environment. For the Guest OS I chose OEL 6u3 and decided to create it as a basic server because I did not require a graphical interface but it's a simple change to create it with a GUI. Required Software Virtual Box. Oracle Enterprise Linux. Creating the VM I'll assume that the reader is experienced with Virtual Box and installing OEL and hence will make this section brief. Create VirtualBox Guest Create a new VirtualBox Guest and select oracle Linux 64 bit. Follow through the create process and select Dynamic Disk Size and the default 12GB disk size. The actual image will be a lot smaller than this but the OEL install will fail with insufficient disk space if you attempt a smaller size. Once the guest has been created attach the previously downloaded OEL 6u3 iso to the cd drive and start the guest. Install OEL On starting the guest the system will boot off the associated OEL 6u3 iso and take you through the standard installation process. Select all the appropriate information but when you reach the installation type select Basic Server because we do not need that additional packages and only need to access through the command line interface. Complete the installation and reboot the Guest. At this point we now have a basic OEL server running. Installing Guest Add-ons Before we can easily access the Guest we will need to add the VirtualBox guest add-ons. These will provide better keyboard and mouse integration and allow access the shared folders on the host machine. Before we can do this we will need to do the following: Enable Networking. Install additional rpms.  To enable the networking (eth0), that appears to be disabled by default, we can execute: ifup eth0 This will start the eth0 connection but once the Guest is rebooted the network will be down again. To resolve this you will need to edit the /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file and change the ONBOOT parameter to "yes". Now we have enabled the network we will need to install a number of addition rpm. First we will need to configure the yum repository as follows: [ol6_latest] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_ga_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u1_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u2_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_u3_base] name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 [ol6_UEK_latest] name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 [ol6_UEK_base] name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch) baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/ gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6 gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 Once the repository has been edited we will need to execute the following yum commands: yum update yum install gcc yum install kernel-uek-devel yum install kernel-devel yum install createrepo At this point we now have all the additional packages required to install the VirtualBox Guest Add-ons. So select Devices->InstallGuest Additions on you running guest: This will simply place the VirtualBoxGuestAdditions.iso in the virtual cd and we will need to execute the following before we can run them. mkdir /media/cdrom mount -t iso9660 -o ro /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom cd /media/cdrom/ ls ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run This will initiate the install and kernel rebuild. What you will notice is that during the installation a Failed will be displayed but this is simply because we have no graphical components. At this point we the installation will also have added the vboxsf group to the system and to access any shared folders we will create our user will need to be a member of this group an so the next stage is to add the root user to this group as follows: usermod -G vboxsf root cat /etc/group cat /etc/passwd init 0 Now simply shutdown the guest and add the Shared folder within your guests settings. Install ModifyJeOS Once the shared folder has been added restart the guest and change directory into the shared folder (/media/sf_<folder name>). For the next step I am assuming the ModifyJeOS rpms are located in the shared folder. We can simply execute: rpm -ivh ovm-modify-jeos-1.1.0-17.el5.noarch.rpm # Test with modifyjeos Using ModifyJeOS I have a modified MountSystemImg.sh script that should be copied into the /root/bin directory (you may need to create this) and from here it can be executed from any location: MountSystemImg.sh #!/bin/sh # The script assumes it's being run from the directory containing the System.img # Export for later i.e. during unmount export LOOP=`losetup -f` export SYSTEMIMG=/mnt/elsystem export TEMPLATEDIR=`pwd` # Make Temp Mount Directory mkdir -p $SYSTEMIMG # Create Loop for the System Image losetup $LOOP System.img kpartx -a $LOOP mount /dev/mapper/`basename $LOOP`p2 $SYSTEMIMG #Change Dir into mounted Image cd $SYSTEMIMG echo "######################################################################" echo "### ###" echo "### Starting Bash shell for editing. When completed log out to ###" echo "### Unmount the System.img file. ###" echo "### ###" echo "######################################################################" echo bash cd ~ cd $TEMPLATEDIR umount $SYSTEMIMG kpartx -d $LOOP losetup -d $LOOP rm -rf $SYSTEMIMG This script will simple create a mount directory, mount the System.img and then start a new shell in the mounted directory. On exiting the shell it will unmount the System.img. It only requires that you execute the script in the directory containing the System.img. These can be created under the mounted shared directory. In the example below I have extracted the Base template within the shared folder and then renamed it OEL_40GB_ROOT before changing into that directory and executing the script.

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  • Nvidia drivers don't work with mainline kernel

    - by dutchie
    I want to try some of the new features in the btrfs filesystem, and to do that I need to use a newer kernel than is included in Ubuntu 12.04. To do that, I have installed linux-headers-3.4.0-030400_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_all.deb, linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb, and linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb from the mainline kernel download here. However, on rebooting into the 3.4 kernel, my desktop is stuck at a very low resolution and I cannot increase it to the full. This did happen when I first installed, but a simple install of the nvidia-current package got everything working nicely with my GTX570 card. There were appear to be some DKMS errors when I installed the kernel, and they indicated I should look at /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log: josh@sirius:~/Downloads$ sudo dpkg -i linux-*.deb Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400. (Reading database ... 309400 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking linux-headers-3.4.0-030400 (from linux-headers-3.4.0-030400_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_all.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic. Unpacking linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic (from linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic. Unpacking linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic (from linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic_3.4.0-030400.201205210521_amd64.deb) ... Done. Setting up linux-headers-3.4.0-030400 (3.4.0-030400.201205210521) ... Setting up linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic (3.4.0-030400.201205210521) ... Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic is not supported Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.4.0-030400-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log for more information. Setting up linux-image-3.4.0-030400-generic (3.4.0-030400.201205210521) ... Running depmod. update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later) Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic ERROR (dkms apport): kernel package linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic is not supported Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 3.4.0-030400-generic (x86_64) Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log for more information. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.4.0-030400-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Generating grub.cfg ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.4.0-030400-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.4.0-030400-generic Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-24-generic Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin Found Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (12.04) on /dev/sda1 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda2 Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda3 done /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/make.log: DKMS make.log for nvidia-current-295.40 for kernel 3.4.0-030400-generic (x86_64) Thu Jun 7 00:58:39 BST 2012 NVIDIA: calling KBUILD... test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || ( \ echo; \ echo " ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid."; \ echo " include/generated/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.";\ echo " Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it."; \ echo; \ /bin/false) mkdir -p /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.tmp_versions/* make -f scripts/Makefile.build obj=/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build cc -Wp,-MD,/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.nv.o.d -nostdinc -isystem /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/include -I/usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include -Iarch/x86/include/generated -Iinclude -include /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/include/linux/kconfig.h -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-format-security -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -O2 -m64 -mtune=generic -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -funit-at-a-time -maccumulate-outgoing-args -fstack-protector -DCONFIG_AS_CFI=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SIGNAL_FRAME=1 -DCONFIG_AS_CFI_SECTIONS=1 -DCONFIG_AS_FXSAVEQ=1 -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -mno-avx -Wframe-larger-than=1024 -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -pg -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -fno-strict-overflow -fconserve-stack -DCC_HAVE_ASM_GOTO -I/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build -Wall -MD -Wsign-compare -Wno-cast-qual -Wno-error -D__KERNEL__ -DMODULE -DNVRM -DNV_VERSION_STRING=\"295.40\" -Wno-unused-function -Wuninitialized -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -UDEBUG -U_DEBUG -DNDEBUG -DMODULE -D"KBUILD_STR(s)=#s" -D"KBUILD_BASENAME=KBUILD_STR(nv)" -D"KBUILD_MODNAME=KBUILD_STR(nvidia)" -c -o /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/.tmp_nv.o /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c In file included from include/linux/kernel.h:19:0, from include/linux/sched.h:55, from include/linux/utsname.h:35, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h:38, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c:13: include/linux/bitops.h: In function ‘hweight_long’: include/linux/bitops.h:66:41: warning: signed and unsigned type in conditional expression [-Wsign-compare] In file included from /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h:577:0, from include/linux/poll.h:14, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h:97, from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c:13: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h: In function ‘copy_from_user’: /usr/src/linux-headers-3.4.0-030400-generic/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_64.h:53:6: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare] In file included from /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.c:13:0: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h: At top level: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv-linux.h:114:75: fatal error: asm/system.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make[3]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build/nv.o] Error 1 make[2]: *** [_module_/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/295.40/build] Error 2 NVIDIA: left KBUILD. nvidia.ko failed to build! make[1]: *** [module] Error 1 make: *** [module] Error 2

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  • Error while installation of CHMSee

    - by Anshuman Chakraborty
    I have recently migrated from Windows to Ubuntu. My current locale shows below output :- cha@COMPUTER:~$ locale LANG=en_IN LANGUAGE=en_IN:en LC_CTYPE="en_IN" LC_NUMERIC="en_IN" LC_TIME="en_IN" LC_COLLATE="en_IN" LC_MONETARY="en_IN" LC_MESSAGES="en_IN" LC_PAPER="en_IN" LC_NAME="en_IN" LC_ADDRESS="en_IN" LC_TELEPHONE="en_IN" LC_MEASUREMENT="en_IN" LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_IN" LC_ALL= When I am trying to install CHMSee (or any other Application) using UBUNTU Software Center. I am getting below error. installArchives() failed: perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), LC_ALL = (unset), LANG = "en_IN.ISO8859-1" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Selecting previously unselected package libchm1. (Reading database ... (Reading database ... 5% (Reading database ... 10% (Reading database ... 15% (Reading database ... 20% (Reading database ... 25% (Reading database ... 30% (Reading database ... 35% (Reading database ... 40% (Reading database ... 45% (Reading database ... 50% (Reading database ... 55% (Reading database ... 60% (Reading database ... 65% (Reading database ... 70% (Reading database ... 75% (Reading database ... 80% (Reading database ... 85% (Reading database ... 90% (Reading database ... 95% (Reading database ... 100% (Reading database ... 207053 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libchm1 (from .../libchm1_2%3a0.40a-1_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0. Unpacking libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 (from .../libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0_1.8.0-0ubuntu2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package libwebkitgtk-1.0-common. Unpacking libwebkitgtk-1.0-common (from .../libwebkitgtk-1.0-common_1.8.0-0ubuntu2_all.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package libwebkitgtk-1.0-0. Unpacking libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 (from .../libwebkitgtk-1.0-0_1.8.0-0ubuntu2_i386.deb) ... Selecting previously unselected package chmsee. Unpacking chmsee (from .../chmsee_1.3.0-2ubuntu2_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ... Processing triggers for man-db ... locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Setting up qmail (1.06-4) ... The hostname -f command returned: $1 Your system needs to have a fully qualified domain name (fqdn) in order to install the var-qmail packages. Installation aborted. dpkg: error processing qmail (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of qmail-run: qmail-run depends on qmail (>= 1.06-2.1); however: Package qmail is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing qmail-run (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up libchm1 (2:0.40a-1) ... No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure. Setting up libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 (1.8.0-0ubuntu2) ... Setting up libwebkitgtk-1.0-common (1.8.0-0ubuntu2) ... Setting up libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 (1.8.0-0ubuntu2) ... Setting up chmsee (1.3.0-2ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place Errors were encountered while processing: qmail qmail-run Error in function: SystemError: E:Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Setting up qmail (1.06-4) ... The hostname -f command returned: $1 Your system needs to have a fully qualified domain name (fqdn) in order to install the var-qmail packages. Installation aborted. dpkg: error processing qmail (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of qmail-run: qmail-run depends on qmail (>= 1.06-2.1); however: Package qmail is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing qmail-run (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Can someone please help me in resolving this issue. The elaboration would be most appreciated since I am very new to this. Thanks, Anshuman Chakraborty

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  • ndd on Solaris 10

    - by user12620111
    This is mostly a repost of LaoTsao's Weblog with some tweaks. Last time that I tried to cut & paste directly off of his page, some of the XML was messed up. I run this from my MacBook. It should also work from your windows laptop if you use cygwin. ================If not already present, create a ssh key on you laptop================ # ssh-keygen -t rsa ================ Enable passwordless ssh from my laptop. Need to type in the root password for the remote machines. Then, I no longer need to type in the password when I ssh or scp from my laptop to servers. ================ #!/usr/bin/env bash for server in `cat servers.txt` do   echo root@$server   cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh root@$server "cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys" done ================ servers.txt ================ testhost1testhost2 ================ etc_system_addins ================ set rpcmod:clnt_max_conns=8 set zfs:zfs_arc_max=0x1000000000 set nfs:nfs3_bsize=131072 set nfs:nfs4_bsize=131072 ================ ndd-nettune.txt ================ #!/sbin/sh # # ident   "@(#)ndd-nettune.xml    1.0     01/08/06 SMI" . /lib/svc/share/smf_include.sh . /lib/svc/share/net_include.sh # Make sure that the libraries essential to this stage of booting  can be found. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH echo "Performing Directory Server Tuning..." >> /tmp/smf.out # # Standard SuperCluster Tunables # /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_max_buf 2097152 /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 1048576 /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 1048576 # Reset the library path now that we are past the critical stage unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH ================ ndd-nettune.xml ================ <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE service_bundle SYSTEM "/usr/share/lib/xml/dtd/service_bundle.dtd.1"> <!-- ident "@(#)ndd-nettune.xml 1.0 04/09/21 SMI" --> <service_bundle type='manifest' name='SUNWcsr:ndd'>   <service name='network/ndd-nettune' type='service' version='1'>     <create_default_instance enabled='true' />     <single_instance />     <dependency name='fs-minimal' type='service' grouping='require_all' restart_on='none'>       <service_fmri value='svc:/system/filesystem/minimal' />     </dependency>     <dependency name='loopback-network' grouping='require_any' restart_on='none' type='service'>       <service_fmri value='svc:/network/loopback' />     </dependency>     <dependency name='physical-network' grouping='optional_all' restart_on='none' type='service'>       <service_fmri value='svc:/network/physical' />     </dependency>     <exec_method type='method' name='start' exec='/lib/svc/method/ndd-nettune' timeout_seconds='3' > </exec_method>     <exec_method type='method' name='stop'  exec=':true'                       timeout_seconds='3' > </exec_method>     <property_group name='startd' type='framework'>       <propval name='duration' type='astring' value='transient' />     </property_group>     <stability value='Unstable' />     <template>       <common_name>     <loctext xml:lang='C'> ndd network tuning </loctext>       </common_name>       <documentation>     <manpage title='ndd' section='1M' manpath='/usr/share/man' />       </documentation>     </template>   </service> </service_bundle> ================ system_tuning.sh ================ #!/usr/bin/env bash for server in `cat servers.txt` do   cat etc_system_addins | ssh root@$server "cat >> /etc/system"   scp ndd-nettune.xml root@${server}:/var/svc/manifest/site/ndd-nettune.xml   scp ndd-nettune.txt root@${server}:/lib/svc/method/ndd-nettune   ssh root@$server chmod +x /lib/svc/method/ndd-nettune   ssh root@$server svccfg validate /var/svc/manifest/site/ndd-nettune.xml   ssh root@$server svccfg import /var/svc/manifest/site/ndd-nettune.xml done

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  • Adding multiple data importers support to web applications

    - by DigiMortal
    I’m building web application for customer and there is requirement that users must be able to import data in different formats. Today we will support XLSX and ODF as import formats and some other formats are waiting. I wanted to be able to add new importers on the fly so I don’t have to deploy web application again when I add new importer or change some existing one. In this posting I will show you how to build generic importers support to your web application. Importer interface All importers we use must have something in common so we can easily detect them. To keep things simple I will use interface here. public interface IMyImporter {     string[] SupportedFileExtensions { get; }     ImportResult Import(Stream fileStream, string fileExtension); } Our interface has the following members: SupportedFileExtensions – string array of file extensions that importer supports. This property helps us find out what import formats are available and which importer to use with given format. Import – method that does the actual importing work. Besides file we give in as stream we also give file extension so importer can decide how to handle the file. It is enough to get started. When building real importers I am sure you will switch over to abstract base class. Importer class Here is sample importer that imports data from Excel and Word documents. Importer class with no implementation details looks like this: public class MyOpenXmlImporter : IMyImporter {     public string[] SupportedFileExtensions     {         get { return new[] { "xlsx", "docx" }; }     }     public ImportResult Import(Stream fileStream, string extension)     {         // ...     } } Finding supported import formats in web application Now we have importers created and it’s time to add them to web application. Usually we have one page or ASP.NET MVC controller where we need importers. To this page or controller we add the following method that uses reflection to find all classes that implement our IMyImporter interface. private static string[] GetImporterFileExtensions() {     var types = from a in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()                 from t in a.GetTypes()                 where t.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(IMyImporter))                 select t;       var extensions = new Collection<string>();     foreach (var type in types)     {         var instance = (IMyImporter)type.InvokeMember(null,                        BindingFlags.CreateInstance, null, null, null);           foreach (var extension in instance.SupportedFileExtensions)         {             if (extensions.Contains(extension))                 continue;               extensions.Add(extension);         }     }       return extensions.ToArray(); } This code doesn’t look nice and is far from optimal but it works for us now. It is possible to improve performance of web application if we cache extensions and their corresponding types to some static dictionary. We have to fill it only once because our application is restarted when something changes in bin folder. Finding importer by extension When user uploads file we need to detect the extension of file and find the importer that supports given extension. We add another method to our page or controller that uses reflection to return us importer instance or null if extension is not supported. private static IMyImporter GetImporterForExtension(string extensionToFind) {     var types = from a in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()                 from t in a.GetTypes()                 where t.GetInterfaces().Contains(typeof(IMyImporter))                 select t;     foreach (var type in types)     {         var instance = (IMyImporter)type.InvokeMember(null,                        BindingFlags.CreateInstance, null, null, null);           if (instance.SupportedFileExtensions.Contains(extensionToFind))         {             return instance;         }     }       return null; } Here is example ASP.NET MVC controller action that accepts uploaded file, finds importer that can handle file and imports data. Again, this is sample code I kept minimal to better illustrate how things work. public ActionResult Import(MyImporterModel model) {     var file = Request.Files[0];     var extension = Path.GetExtension(file.FileName).ToLower();     var importer = GetImporterForExtension(extension.Substring(1));     var result = importer.Import(file.InputStream, extension);     if (result.Errors.Count > 0)     {         foreach (var error in result.Errors)             ModelState.AddModelError("file", error);           return Import();     }     return RedirectToAction("Index"); } Conclusion That’s it. Using couple of ugly methods and one simple interface we were able to add importers support to our web application. Example code here is not perfect but it works. It is possible to cache mappings between file extensions and importer types to some static variable because changing of these mappings means that something is changed in bin folder of web application and web application is restarted in this case anyway.

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  • MySQL Utility Users' Console Oerview

    - by rudrap
    MySQL Utility Users' Console (mysqluc): The MySQL Utilities Users' Console is designed to make using the utilities easier via a dedicated console. It helps us to use the utilities without worrying about the python and utility paths. Why do we need a special console? - It does provide a unique shell environment with command completion, help for each utility, user defined variables, and type completion for options. - You no longer have to type out the entire name of the utility. - You don't need to remember the name of a database utility you want to use. - You can define variables and reuse them in your utility commands. - It is possible to run utility command along with mysqluc and come out of the mysqluc console. Console commands: mysqluc> help Command Description ----------------------           --------------------------------------------------- help utilities                     Display list of all utilities supported. help <utility>                  Display help for a specific utility. help or help commands   Show this list. exit or quit                       Exit the console. set <variable>=<value>  Store a variable for recall in commands. show options                   Display list of options specified by the user on launch. show variables                 Display list of variables. <ENTER>                       Press ENTER to execute command. <ESCAPE>                     Press ESCAPE to clear the command entry. <DOWN>                       Press DOWN to retrieve the previous command. <UP>                               Press UP to retrieve the next command in history. <TAB>                            Press TAB for type completion of utility, option,or variable names. <TAB><TAB>                Press TAB twice for list of matching type completion (context sensitive). How do I use it? Pre-requisites: - Download the latest version of MySQL Workbench. - Mysql Servers are running. - Your Pythonpath is set. (e.g. Export PYTHONPATH=/...../mysql-utilities/) Check the Version of mysqluc Utility: /usr/bin/python mysqluc.py –version It should display something like this MySQL Utilities mysqluc.py version 1.1.0 - MySQL Workbench Distribution 5.2.44 Copyright (c) 2010, 2012 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This program is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to the extent permitted by law. Use of TAB to get the current utilities: mysqluc> mysqldb<TAB><TAB> Utility Description -------------        ------------------------------------------------------------ mysqldbcopy      copy databases from one server to another mysqldbexport    export metadata and data from databases mysqldbimport    import metadata and data from files mysqluc> mysqldbcopy –source=$se<TAB> Variable Value -------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- server1 root@localhost:3306 server2 root@localhost:3307 you can see the variables starting with se and then decide which to use Run a utility via the console: /usr/bin/python mysqluc.py -e "mysqldbcopy --source=root@localhost:3306 --destination=root@localhost:3307 dbname" Get help for utilities in the console: mysqluc> help utilities Display help for a utility mysqluc> help mysqldbcopy Details about mysqldbcopy and its options set variables and use them in commands: mysqluc> set server1 = root@localhost:3306 mysqluc>show variables Variable Value -------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- server1    root@localhost:3306 server2    root@localhost:3307 mysqluc> mysqldbcopy –source=$server1 –destination=$server2 dbname <Enter> Mysqldbcopy utility output will display. mysqluc>show options Display list of options specified by the user mysqluc SERVER=root@host123 VAR_A=57 -e "show variables" Variable Value -------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- SERVER root@host123 VAR_A 57 Finding option names for an Utility: mysqluc> mysqlserverclone --n Option Description ------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- --new-data=NEW_DATA the full path to the location of the data directory for the new instance --new-port=NEW_PORT the new port for the new instance - default=3307 --new-id=NEW_ID the server_id for the new instance - default=2 Limitations: User defined variables have a lifetime of the console run time.

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  • ?11.2RAC??????????????

    - by JaneZhang(???)
           ?????,???????????????,???dbca???????,???????????dbca,?????????11.2???????,???????,??dbca??????????????????,????????????????     ????11.2???????RACDB2???,?????RACDB1? ?????rac1,????rac2?     ?11.2?,?????grid?????GI,??oracle????????,????????oracle?????? 1. ??????????????????,?????,???????????:audit_file_dest, background_dump_dest, user_dump_dest ?core_dump_dest????audit_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/RACDB/adump,?????????,?????????:ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 99252. ????????????????????????????:SQL> alter system set instance_number=2 scope=spfile sid='RACDB2';SQL> alter system set thread=2 scope=spfile sid='RACDB2';SQL> alter system set undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2' scope=spfile sid='RACDB2';SQL> alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.0.2.122)(PORT=1521))))' sid='RACDB2'; <=====192.0.2.122???2?VIP 3. ???????DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init<sid>.ora ?????DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init<sid>.ora,??????????????init<sid>.ora ????,????spfile???:=======================SPFILE='+DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora'??:[oracle@rac1 ~]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initRACDB1.ora rac2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initRACDB2.ora <===????????24.  ??????/etc/oratab,????????????:RACDB2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N       5.  ???????????: DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ora<sid>.pwd ????DB?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ora<sid>.pwd,??????????????:[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwRACDB1 rac2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwRACDB2 <==?????26.  ?????????????,????????UNDO TABLESPACE?(??????dbca?????,???????undo tablespace????,?????????)??:SQL>CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2" DATAFILE '/dev/….' SIZE 4096M ;???????:SQL>CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2" DATAFILE '+DATA' SIZE 4096M ;7.  ?????????????,????????redo thread?redo log:??:SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2      group 3 ('/dev/...', '/dev/...') size 1024M,     group 4 ('/dev/...','dev/...') size 1024M;???????:SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2     group 3 ('+DATA','+RECO') size 1024M,     group 4 ('+DATA','+RECO') size 1024M;SQL> alter database enable thread 2; <==????thread8.  ??????????,?????????????:[oracle@rac2 admin]$su - oracle[oracle@rac2 admin]$export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1[oracle@rac2 admin]$export ORACLE_SID=RACDB2[oracle@rac2 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> startup <==??????,???????2????????????9. ?????OCR???GI??,?????????????:$srvctl add instance -d <database name> -i <new instance name> -n <new node name>Example of srvctl add instance command:============================[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d racdb -i RACDB2 -n rac2  <==????????,????ps -ef|grep smon???[oracle@rac2 dbs]$ ps -ef|grep smonroot      3453     1  1 Jun12 ?        04:03:05 /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/osysmond.bingrid      3727     1  0 Jun12 ?        00:00:19 asm_smon_+ASM2oracle    5343  4543  0 14:06 pts/1    00:00:00 grep smonoracle   28736     1  0 Jun25 ?        00:00:03 ora_smon_RACDB2 <========??????10. ???????:$su - grid[grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t...ora.racdb.db      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open                      2        OFFLINE OFFLINE             rac2????,??????offline,????????????sqlplus??????sqlplus??????,???srvctl??:[grid@rac2 ~]$ su  - oraclePassword: [oracle@rac2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediate;Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> exit[oracle@rac2 ~]$ srvctl start instance -d racdb -i RACDB2[oracle@rac2 ~]$ su - gridPassword: [grid@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -tora.racdb.db      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open                      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Open                11. ?????????:[oracle@rac2 ~]$ crsctl stat res ora.racdb.db -pNAME=ora.racdb.dbTYPE=ora.database.typeACL=owner:oracle:rwx,pgrp:oinstall:rwx,other::r--ACTION_FAILURE_TEMPLATE=ACTION_SCRIPT=ACTIVE_PLACEMENT=1AGENT_FILENAME=%CRS_HOME%/bin/oraagent%CRS_EXE_SUFFIX%AUTO_START=restoreCARDINALITY=2CHECK_INTERVAL=1CHECK_TIMEOUT=30CLUSTER_DATABASE=trueDATABASE_TYPE=RACDB_UNIQUE_NAME=RACDBDEFAULT_TEMPLATE=PROPERTY(RESOURCE_CLASS=database) PROPERTY(DB_UNIQUE_NAME= CONCAT(PARSE(%NAME%, ., 2), %USR_ORA_DOMAIN%, .)) ELEMENT(INSTANCE_NAME= %GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME%) ELEMENT(DATABASE_TYPE= %DATABASE_TYPE%)DEGREE=1DESCRIPTION=Oracle Database resourceENABLED=1FAILOVER_DELAY=0FAILURE_INTERVAL=60FAILURE_THRESHOLD=1GEN_AUDIT_FILE_DEST=/u01/app/oracle/admin/RACDB/adumpGEN_START_OPTIONS=GEN_START_OPTIONS@SERVERNAME(rac1)=openGEN_START_OPTIONS@SERVERNAME(rac2)=openGEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME=GEN_USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(rac1)=RACDB1HOSTING_MEMBERS=INSTANCE_FAILOVER=0LOAD=1LOGGING_LEVEL=1MANAGEMENT_POLICY=AUTOMATICNLS_LANG=NOT_RESTARTING_TEMPLATE=OFFLINE_CHECK_INTERVAL=0ONLINE_RELOCATION_TIMEOUT=0ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_HOME_OLD=PLACEMENT=restrictedPROFILE_CHANGE_TEMPLATE=RESTART_ATTEMPTS=2ROLE=PRIMARYSCRIPT_TIMEOUT=60SERVER_POOLS=ora.RACDBSPFILE=+DATA/RACDB/spfileRACDB.oraSTART_DEPENDENCIES=hard(ora.DATA.dg,ora.RECO.dg) weak(type:ora.listener.type,global:type:ora.scan_listener.type,uniform:ora.ons,global:ora.gns) pullup(ora.DATA.dg,ora.RECO.dg)START_TIMEOUT=600STATE_CHANGE_TEMPLATE=STOP_DEPENDENCIES=hard(intermediate:ora.asm,shutdown:ora.DATA.dg,shutdown:ora.RECO.dg)STOP_TIMEOUT=600TYPE_VERSION=3.2UPTIME_THRESHOLD=1hUSR_ORA_DB_NAME=RACDBUSR_ORA_DOMAIN=USR_ORA_ENV=USR_ORA_FLAGS=USR_ORA_INST_NAME=USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(rac1)=RACDB1USR_ORA_INST_NAME@SERVERNAME(rac2)=RACDB2USR_ORA_OPEN_MODE=openUSR_ORA_OPI=falseUSR_ORA_STOP_MODE=immediateVERSION=11.2.0.3.0???11.2,?OCR???database??,??????,???????????database???????database???????,??????,???????????????ASM????????????  ?:dbca ???????????:????????oracle????dbca:su - oracledbca?? RAC database?? Instance Management?? add an instance???active rac database??????? ??undo?redo??

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  • WordPress not resizing images with Nginx + php-fpm and other issues

    - by Julian Fernandes
    Recently i setup a Ubuntu 12.04 VPS with 512mb/1ghz CPU, Nginx + php-fpm + Varnish + APC + Percona's MySQL server + CloudFlare Pro for our Ubuntu LoCo Team's WordPress blog. The blog get about 3~4k daily hits, use about 180MB and 8~20% CPU. Everything seems to be working insanely fast... page load is really good and is about 16x faster than any of our competitors... but there is one problem. When we upload a image, WordPress don't resize it, so all we can do it insert the full image in the post. If the imagem have, let's say, 30kb, it resize fine... but if the image have 100kb+, it won't... In nginx error logs i see this: upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 150.162.216.64, server: www.ubuntubrsc.com, request: "POST /wp-admin/async-upload.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "www.ubuntubrsc.com", referrer: "http://www.ubuntubrsc.com/wp-admin/media-upload.php?post_id=2668&" It seems to be related with the issue, but i dunno. When that timeout happens, i started to get it when i'm trying to view a post too: upstream timed out (110: Connection timed out) while reading response header from upstream, client: 150.162.216.64, server: www.ubuntubrsc.com, request: "GET /tutoriais-gimp-6-adicionando-aplicando-novos-pinceis.html HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "www.ubuntubrsc.com", referrer: "http://www.ubuntubrsc.com/" And only a restart of php5-fpm fix it. I tryed increasing some timeouts and stuffs but it did not worked, so i guess it's some kind of limitation i did not figured yet. Could someone help me with it, please? /etc/nginx/nginx.conf: user www-data; worker_processes 1; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; use epoll; multi_accept on; } http { ## # Basic Settings ## sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay off; keepalive_timeout 15; keepalive_requests 2000; types_hash_max_size 2048; server_tokens off; server_name_in_redirect off; open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=300s; open_file_cache_valid 360s; open_file_cache_min_uses 2; open_file_cache_errors off; server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # server_name_in_redirect off; client_body_buffer_size 128K; client_header_buffer_size 1k; client_max_body_size 2m; large_client_header_buffers 4 8k; client_body_timeout 10m; client_header_timeout 10m; send_timeout 10m; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; ## # Logging Settings ## error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; access_log off; ## # CloudFlare's IPs (uncomment when site goes live) ## set_real_ip_from 204.93.240.0/24; set_real_ip_from 204.93.177.0/24; set_real_ip_from 199.27.128.0/21; set_real_ip_from 173.245.48.0/20; set_real_ip_from 103.22.200.0/22; set_real_ip_from 141.101.64.0/18; set_real_ip_from 108.162.192.0/18; set_real_ip_from 190.93.240.0/20; real_ip_header CF-Connecting-IP; set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1/32; ## # Gzip Settings ## gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; gzip_vary on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_comp_level 9; gzip_min_length 1000; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private auth; gzip_buffers 32 8k; # gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; ## # nginx-naxsi config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi ## #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; ## # nginx-passenger config ## # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger ## #passenger_root /usr; #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; } /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params: fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param HTTPS $https; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 256 4k; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; /etc/nginx/sites-avaiable/default: ## # DEFAULT HANDLER # ubuntubrsc.com ## server { listen 8080; # Make site available from main domain server_name www.ubuntubrsc.com; # Root directory root /var/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; include /var/www/nginx.conf; access_log off; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args; } location = /favicon.ico { log_not_found off; access_log off; } location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; } location ~ /\. { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; } location ~* ^/wp-content/uploads/.*.php$ { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; } rewrite /wp-admin$ $scheme://$host$uri/ permanent; error_page 404 = @wordpress; log_not_found off; location @wordpress { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME /index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/index.php; } location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; if (-f $request_filename) { fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } } } server { listen 8080; server_name ubuntubrsc.* www.ubuntubrsc.net www.ubuntubrsc.org www.ubuntubrsc.com.br www.ubuntubrsc.info www.ubuntubrsc.in; return 301 $scheme://www.ubuntubrsc.com$request_uri; } /var/www/nginx.conf: # BEGIN W3TC Minify cache location ~ /wp-content/w3tc/min.*\.js$ { types {} default_type application/x-javascript; expires modified 31536000s; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; add_header Vary "Accept-Encoding"; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; } location ~ /wp-content/w3tc/min.*\.css$ { types {} default_type text/css; expires modified 31536000s; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; add_header Vary "Accept-Encoding"; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; } location ~ /wp-content/w3tc/min.*js\.gzip$ { gzip off; types {} default_type application/x-javascript; expires modified 31536000s; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; add_header Vary "Accept-Encoding"; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Content-Encoding gzip; } location ~ /wp-content/w3tc/min.*css\.gzip$ { gzip off; types {} default_type text/css; expires modified 31536000s; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; add_header Vary "Accept-Encoding"; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header Content-Encoding gzip; } # END W3TC Minify cache # BEGIN W3TC Browser Cache gzip on; gzip_types text/css application/x-javascript text/x-component text/richtext image/svg+xml text/plain text/xsd text/xsl text/xml image/x-icon; location ~ \.(css|js|htc)$ { expires 31536000s; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; } location ~ \.(html|htm|rtf|rtx|svg|svgz|txt|xsd|xsl|xml)$ { expires 3600s; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=3600, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; try_files $uri $uri/ $uri.html /index.php?$args; } location ~ \.(asf|asx|wax|wmv|wmx|avi|bmp|class|divx|doc|docx|eot|exe|gif|gz|gzip|ico|jpg|jpeg|jpe|mdb|mid|midi|mov|qt|mp3|m4a|mp4|m4v|mpeg|mpg|mpe|mpp|otf|odb|odc|odf|odg|odp|ods|odt|ogg|pdf|png|pot|pps|ppt|pptx|ra|ram|svg|svgz|swf|tar|tif|tiff|ttf|ttc|wav|wma|wri|xla|xls|xlsx|xlt|xlw|zip)$ { expires 31536000s; add_header Pragma "public"; add_header Cache-Control "max-age=31536000, public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate"; add_header X-Powered-By "W3 Total Cache/0.9.2.5b"; } # END W3TC Browser Cache # BEGIN W3TC Minify core rewrite ^/wp-content/w3tc/min/w3tc_rewrite_test$ /wp-content/w3tc/min/index.php?w3tc_rewrite_test=1 last; set $w3tc_enc ""; if ($http_accept_encoding ~ gzip) { set $w3tc_enc .gzip; } if (-f $request_filename$w3tc_enc) { rewrite (.*) $1$w3tc_enc break; } rewrite ^/wp-content/w3tc/min/(.+\.(css|js))$ /wp-content/w3tc/min/index.php?file=$1 last; # END W3TC Minify core # BEGIN W3TC Skip 404 error handling by WordPress for static files if (-f $request_filename) { break; } if (-d $request_filename) { break; } if ($request_uri ~ "(robots\.txt|sitemap(_index)?\.xml(\.gz)?|[a-z0-9_\-]+-sitemap([0-9]+)?\.xml(\.gz)?)") { break; } if ($request_uri ~* \.(css|js|htc|htm|rtf|rtx|svg|svgz|txt|xsd|xsl|xml|asf|asx|wax|wmv|wmx|avi|bmp|class|divx|doc|docx|eot|exe|gif|gz|gzip|ico|jpg|jpeg|jpe|mdb|mid|midi|mov|qt|mp3|m4a|mp4|m4v|mpeg|mpg|mpe|mpp|otf|odb|odc|odf|odg|odp|ods|odt|ogg|pdf|png|pot|pps|ppt|pptx|ra|ram|svg|svgz|swf|tar|tif|tiff|ttf|ttc|wav|wma|wri|xla|xls|xlsx|xlt|xlw|zip)$) { return 404; } # END W3TC Skip 404 error handling by WordPress for static files # BEGIN Better WP Security location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } location ~ wp-config.php { deny all; } location ~ readme.html { deny all; } location ~ readme.txt { deny all; } location ~ /install.php { deny all; } set $susquery 0; set $rule_2 0; set $rule_3 0; rewrite ^wp-includes/(.*).php /not_found last; rewrite ^/wp-admin/includes(.*)$ /not_found last; if ($request_method ~* "^(TRACE|DELETE|TRACK)"){ return 403; } set $rule_0 0; if ($request_method ~ "POST"){ set $rule_0 1; } if ($uri ~ "^(.*)wp-comments-post.php*"){ set $rule_0 2$rule_0; } if ($http_user_agent ~ "^$"){ set $rule_0 4$rule_0; } if ($rule_0 = "421"){ return 403; } if ($args ~* "\.\./") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "boot.ini") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "tag=") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "ftp:") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "http:") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "https:") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(<|%3C).*script.*(>|%3E)") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|%3D)") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "base64_encode") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(%24&x)") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(\[|\]|\(|\)|<|>|ê|\"|;|\?|\*|=$)"){ set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(&#x22;|&#x27;|&#x3C;|&#x3E;|&#x5C;|&#x7B;|&#x7C;|%24&x)"){ set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(%0|%A|%B|%C|%D|%E|%F|127.0)") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(globals|encode|localhost|loopback)") { set $susquery 1; } if ($args ~* "(request|select|insert|concat|union|declare)") { set $susquery 1; } if ($http_cookie !~* "wordpress_logged_in_" ) { set $susquery "${susquery}2"; set $rule_2 1; set $rule_3 1; } if ($susquery = 12) { return 403; } # END Better WP Security /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf: pid = /var/run/php5-fpm.pid error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm.log emergency_restart_threshold = 3 emergency_restart_interval = 1m process_control_timeout = 10s events.mechanism = epoll /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini (only options i changed): open_basedir ="/var/www/" disable_functions = pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,dl,system,shell_exec,fsockopen,parse_ini_file,passthru,popen,proc_open,proc_close,shell_exec,show_source,symlink,proc_close,proc_get_status,proc_nice,proc_open,proc_terminate,shell_exec ,highlight_file,escapeshellcmd,define_syslog_variables,posix_uname,posix_getpwuid,apache_child_terminate,posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,escapeshellarg,posix_uname,ftp_exec,ftp_connect,ftp_login,ftp_get,ftp_put,ftp_nb_fput,ftp_raw,ftp_rawlist,ini_alter,ini_restore,inject_code,syslog,openlog,define_syslog_variables,apache_setenv,mysql_pconnect,eval,phpAds_XmlRpc,phpA ds_remoteInfo,phpAds_xmlrpcEncode,phpAds_xmlrpcDecode,xmlrpc_entity_decode,fp,fput,virtual,show_source,pclose,readfile,wget expose_php = off max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 128M display_errors = Off post_max_size = 2M allow_url_fopen = off default_socket_timeout = 60 APC settings: [APC] apc.enabled = 1 apc.shm_segments = 1 apc.shm_size = 64M apc.optimization = 0 apc.num_files_hint = 4096 apc.ttl = 60 apc.user_ttl = 7200 apc.gc_ttl = 0 apc.cache_by_default = 1 apc.filters = "" apc.mmap_file_mask = "/tmp/apc.XXXXXX" apc.slam_defense = 0 apc.file_update_protection = 2 apc.enable_cli = 0 apc.max_file_size = 10M apc.stat = 1 apc.write_lock = 1 apc.report_autofilter = 0 apc.include_once_override = 0 apc.localcache = 0 apc.localcache.size = 512 apc.coredump_unmap = 0 apc.stat_ctime = 0 /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf user = www-data group = www-data listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock listen.owner = www-data listen.group = www-data listen.mode = 0666 pm = ondemand pm.max_children = 5 pm.process_idle_timeout = 3s; pm.max_requests = 50 I also started to get 404 errors in front page if i use W3 Total Cache's Page Cache (Disk Enhanced). It worked fine untill somedays ago, and then, out of nowhere, it started to happen. Tonight i will disable my mobile plugin and activate only W3 Total Cache to see if it's a conflict with them... And to finish all this, i have been getting this error: PHP Warning: apc_store(): Unable to allocate memory for pool. in /var/www/wp-content/plugins/w3-total-cache/lib/W3/Cache/Apc.php on line 41 I already modifed my APC settings, but no sucess. So... could anyone help me with those issuees, please? Ooohh... if it helps, i instaled PHP like this: sudo apt-get install php5-fpm php5-suhosin php-apc php5-gd php5-imagick php5-curl And Nginx from the official PPA. Sorry for my bad english and thanks for your time people! (:

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  • video and file caching with squid lusca?

    - by moon
    hello all i have configured squid lusca on ubuntu 11.04 version and also configured the video caching but the problem is the squid cannot configure the video more than 2 min long and the file of size upto 5.xx mbs only. here is my config please guide me how can i cache the long videos and files with squid: > # PORT and Transparent Option http_port 8080 transparent server_http11 on icp_port 0 > > # Cache Directory , modify it according to your system. > # but first create directory in root by mkdir /cache1 > # and then issue this command chown proxy:proxy /cache1 > # [for ubuntu user is proxy, in Fedora user is SQUID] > # I have set 500 MB for caching reserved just for caching , > # adjust it according to your need. > # My recommendation is to have one cache_dir per drive. zzz > > #store_dir_select_algorithm round-robin cache_dir aufs /cache1 500 16 256 cache_replacement_policy heap LFUDA memory_replacement_policy heap > LFUDA > > # If you want to enable DATE time n SQUID Logs,use following emulate_httpd_log on logformat squid %tl %6tr %>a %Ss/%03Hs %<st %rm > %ru %un %Sh/%<A %mt log_fqdn off > > # How much days to keep users access web logs > # You need to rotate your log files with a cron job. For example: > # 0 0 * * * /usr/local/squid/bin/squid -k rotate logfile_rotate 14 debug_options ALL,1 cache_access_log /var/log/squid/access.log > cache_log /var/log/squid/cache.log cache_store_log > /var/log/squid/store.log > > #I used DNSAMSQ service for fast dns resolving > #so install by using "apt-get install dnsmasq" first dns_nameservers 127.0.0.1 101.11.11.5 ftp_user anonymous@ ftp_list_width 32 ftp_passive on ftp_sanitycheck on > > #ACL Section acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0 acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255 acl > to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 acl SSL_ports port 443 563 # https, snews > acl SSL_ports port 873 # rsync acl Safe_ports port 80 # http acl > Safe_ports port 21 # ftp acl Safe_ports port 443 563 # https, snews > acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais acl > Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports acl Safe_ports port > 280 # http-mgmt acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http acl Safe_ports port > 591 # filemaker acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http acl > Safe_ports port 631 # cups acl Safe_ports port 873 # rsync acl > Safe_ports port 901 # SWAT acl purge method PURGE acl CONNECT method > CONNECT http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager > http_access allow purge localhost http_access deny purge http_access > deny !Safe_ports http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports http_access allow > localhost http_access allow all http_reply_access allow all icp_access > allow all > > #========================== > # Administrative Parameters > #========================== > > # I used UBUNTU so user is proxy, in FEDORA you may use use squid cache_effective_user proxy cache_effective_group proxy cache_mgr > [email protected] visible_hostname proxy.aacable.net unique_hostname > [email protected] > > #============= > # ACCELERATOR > #============= half_closed_clients off quick_abort_min 0 KB quick_abort_max 0 KB vary_ignore_expire on reload_into_ims on log_fqdn > off memory_pools off > > # If you want to hide your proxy machine from being detected at various site use following via off > > #============================================ > # OPTIONS WHICH AFFECT THE CACHE SIZE / zaib > #============================================ > # If you have 4GB memory in Squid box, we will use formula of 1/3 > # You can adjust it according to your need. IF squid is taking too much of RAM > # Then decrease it to 128 MB or even less. > > cache_mem 256 MB minimum_object_size 512 bytes maximum_object_size 500 > MB maximum_object_size_in_memory 128 KB > > #============================================================$ > # SNMP , if you want to generate graphs for SQUID via MRTG > #============================================================$ > #acl snmppublic snmp_community gl > #snmp_port 3401 > #snmp_access allow snmppublic all > #snmp_access allow all > > #============================================================ > # ZPH , To enable cache content to be delivered at full lan speed, > # To bypass the queue at MT. > #============================================================ tcp_outgoing_tos 0x30 all zph_mode tos zph_local 0x30 zph_parent 0 > zph_option 136 > > # Caching Youtube acl videocache_allow_url url_regex -i \.youtube\.com\/get_video\? acl videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > \.youtube\.com\/videoplayback \.youtube\.com\/videoplay > \.youtube\.com\/get_video\? acl videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > \.youtube\.[a-z][a-z]\/videoplayback \.youtube\.[a-z][a-z]\/videoplay > \.youtube\.[a-z][a-z]\/get_video\? acl videocache_allow_url url_regex > -i \.googlevideo\.com\/videoplayback \.googlevideo\.com\/videoplay \.googlevideo\.com\/get_video\? acl videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > \.google\.com\/videoplayback \.google\.com\/videoplay > \.google\.com\/get_video\? acl videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > \.google\.[a-z][a-z]\/videoplayback \.google\.[a-z][a-z]\/videoplay > \.google\.[a-z][a-z]\/get_video\? acl videocache_allow_url url_regex > -i proxy[a-z0-9\-][a-z0-9][a-z0-9][a-z0-9]?\.dailymotion\.com\/ acl videocache_allow_url url_regex -i vid\.akm\.dailymotion\.com\/ acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > [a-z0-9][0-9a-z][0-9a-z]?[0-9a-z]?[0-9a-z]?\.xtube\.com\/(.*)flv acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i \.vimeo\.com\/(.*)\.(flv|mp4) acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > va\.wrzuta\.pl\/wa[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]? acl videocache_allow_url > url_regex -i \.youporn\.com\/(.*)\.flv acl videocache_allow_url > url_regex -i \.msn\.com\.edgesuite\.net\/(.*)\.flv acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i \.tube8\.com\/(.*)\.(flv|3gp) acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i \.mais\.uol\.com\.br\/(.*)\.flv acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > \.blip\.tv\/(.*)\.(flv|avi|mov|mp3|m4v|mp4|wmv|rm|ram|m4v) acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i > \.apniisp\.com\/(.*)\.(flv|avi|mov|mp3|m4v|mp4|wmv|rm|ram|m4v) acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i \.break\.com\/(.*)\.(flv|mp4) acl > videocache_allow_url url_regex -i redtube\.com\/(.*)\.flv acl > videocache_allow_dom dstdomain .mccont.com .metacafe.com > .cdn.dailymotion.com acl videocache_deny_dom dstdomain > .download.youporn.com .static.blip.tv acl dontrewrite url_regex > redbot\.org \.php acl getmethod method GET > > storeurl_access deny dontrewrite storeurl_access deny !getmethod > storeurl_access deny videocache_deny_dom storeurl_access allow > videocache_allow_url storeurl_access allow videocache_allow_dom > storeurl_access deny all > > storeurl_rewrite_program /etc/squid/storeurl.pl > storeurl_rewrite_children 7 storeurl_rewrite_concurrency 10 > > acl store_rewrite_list urlpath_regex -i > \/(get_video\?|videodownload\?|videoplayback.*id) acl > store_rewrite_list urlpath_regex -i \.flv$ \.mp3$ \.mp4$ \.swf$ \ > storeurl_access allow store_rewrite_list storeurl_access deny all > > refresh_pattern -i \.flv$ 10080 80% 10080 override-expire > override-lastmod reload-into-ims ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > ignore-private ignore-auth refresh_pattern -i \.mp3$ 10080 80% 10080 > override-expire override-lastmod reload-into-ims ignore-reload > ignore-no-cache ignore-private ignore-auth refresh_pattern -i \.mp4$ > 10080 80% 10080 override-expire override-lastmod reload-into-ims > ignore-reload ignore-no-cache ignore-private ignore-auth > refresh_pattern -i \.swf$ 10080 80% 10080 override-expire > override-lastmod reload-into-ims ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > ignore-private ignore-auth refresh_pattern -i \.gif$ 10080 80% 10080 > override-expire override-lastmod reload-into-ims ignore-reload > ignore-no-cache ignore-private ignore-auth refresh_pattern -i \.jpg$ > 10080 80% 10080 override-expire override-lastmod reload-into-ims > ignore-reload ignore-no-cache ignore-private ignore-auth > refresh_pattern -i \.jpeg$ 10080 80% 10080 override-expire > override-lastmod reload-into-ims ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > ignore-private ignore-auth refresh_pattern -i \.exe$ 10080 80% 10080 > override-expire override-lastmod reload-into-ims ignore-reload > ignore-no-cache ignore-private ignore-auth > > # 1 year = 525600 mins, 1 month = 10080 mins, 1 day = 1440 refresh_pattern (get_video\?|videoplayback\?|videodownload\?|\.flv?) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache ignore-private override-expire > override-lastmod reload-into-ims refresh_pattern > (get_video\?|videoplayback\?id|videoplayback.*id|videodownload\?|\.flv?) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache ignore-private override-expire > override-lastmod reload-into-ims refresh_pattern \.(ico|video-stats) > 10080 80% 10080 override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > ignore-private ignore-auth override-lastmod negative-ttl=10080 > refresh_pattern \.etology\? 10080 > 80% 10080 override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern galleries\.video(\?|sz) 10080 > 80% 10080 override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern brazzers\? 10080 > 80% 10080 override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern \.adtology\? 10080 > 80% 10080 override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern > ^.*(utm\.gif|ads\?|rmxads\.com|ad\.z5x\.net|bh\.contextweb\.com|bstats\.adbrite\.com|a1\.interclick\.com|ad\.trafficmp\.com|ads\.cubics\.com|ad\.xtendmedia\.com|\.googlesyndication\.com|advertising\.com|yieldmanager|game-advertising\.com|pixel\.quantserve\.com|adperium\.com|doubleclick\.net|adserving\.cpxinteractive\.com|syndication\.com|media.fastclick.net).* > 10080 20% 10080 ignore-no-cache ignore-private override-expire > ignore-reload ignore-auth negative-ttl=40320 max-stale=10 > refresh_pattern ^.*safebrowsing.*google 10080 80% 10080 > override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache ignore-private > ignore-auth negative-ttl=10080 refresh_pattern > ^http://((cbk|mt|khm|mlt)[0-9]?)\.google\.co(m|\.uk) 10080 80% > 10080 override-expire ignore-reload ignore-private negative-ttl=10080 > refresh_pattern ytimg\.com.*\.jpg > 10080 80% 10080 override-expire ignore-reload refresh_pattern > images\.friendster\.com.*\.(png|gif) 10080 80% > 10080 override-expire ignore-reload refresh_pattern garena\.com > 10080 80% 10080 override-expire reload-into-ims refresh_pattern > photobucket.*\.(jp(e?g|e|2)|tiff?|bmp|gif|png) 10080 80% > 10080 override-expire ignore-reload refresh_pattern > vid\.akm\.dailymotion\.com.*\.on2\? 10080 80% > 10080 ignore-no-cache override-expire override-lastmod refresh_pattern > mediafire.com\/images.*\.(jp(e?g|e|2)|tiff?|bmp|gif|png) 10080 80% > 10080 reload-into-ims override-expire ignore-private refresh_pattern > ^http:\/\/images|pics|thumbs[0-9]\. 10080 80% > 10080 reload-into-ims ignore-no-cache ignore-reload override-expire > refresh_pattern ^http:\/\/www.onemanga.com.*\/ > 10080 80% 10080 reload-into-ims ignore-no-cache ignore-reload > override-expire refresh_pattern > ^http://v\.okezone\.com/get_video\/([a-zA-Z0-9]) 10080 80% 10080 > override-expire ignore-reload ignore-no-cache ignore-private > ignore-auth override-lastmod negative-ttl=10080 > > #images facebook refresh_pattern -i \.facebook.com.*\.(jpg|png|gif) 10080 80% 10080 ignore-reload override-expire ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern -i \.fbcdn.net.*\.(jpg|gif|png|swf|mp3) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-reload override-expire ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern static\.ak\.fbcdn\.net*\.(jpg|gif|png) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-reload override-expire ignore-no-cache > refresh_pattern ^http:\/\/profile\.ak\.fbcdn.net*\.(jpg|gif|png) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-reload override-expire ignore-no-cache > > #All File refresh_pattern -i \.(3gp|7z|ace|asx|bin|deb|divx|dvr-ms|ram|rpm|exe|inc|cab|qt) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache override-expire override-lastmod > reload-into-ims refresh_pattern -i > \.(rar|jar|gz|tgz|bz2|iso|m1v|m2(v|p)|mo(d|v)|arj|lha|lzh|zip|tar) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache override-expire override-lastmod > reload-into-ims refresh_pattern -i > \.(jp(e?g|e|2)|gif|pn[pg]|bm?|tiff?|ico|swf|dat|ad|txt|dll) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache override-expire override-lastmod > reload-into-ims refresh_pattern -i > \.(avi|ac4|mp(e?g|a|e|1|2|3|4)|mk(a|v)|ms(i|u|p)|og(x|v|a|g)|rm|r(a|p)m|snd|vob) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache override-expire override-lastmod > reload-into-ims refresh_pattern -i > \.(pp(t?x)|s|t)|pdf|rtf|wax|wm(a|v)|wmx|wpl|cb(r|z|t)|xl(s?x)|do(c?x)|flv|x-flv) > 10080 80% 10080 ignore-no-cache override-expire override-lastmod > reload-into-ims > > refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|\?) 0 0% 0 refresh_pattern ^gopher: > 1440 0% 1440 refresh_pattern ^ftp: 10080 95% 10080 > override-lastmod reload-into-ims refresh_pattern . 1440 > 95% 10080 override-lastmod reload-into-ims

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  • RewriteRule not working for certain URLs

    - by keiki
    There are a few domains pointing towards the same server, and of course I need them all redirect to only one of them. Redirects work, but only for certain URLs. What works: http://www.domain.com, http://domain.com, domain.com/index.html, domain.com/index.php, , domain.com/nonExistentDirectory, and if I click in the menu the following URLs are also redirected correctly: domain.com/foo/bar, domain.com/foo/bar.html or .php or other extension. What doesn't work: domain.com/existentDirectory, domain.com/foo/bar (if I type the URL in the address bar). If anyone will have the time and skill and will to tell me where's the mistake, I'll be deeply grateful. Here's my .htaccess file: AddHandler x-httpd-php .html .htm <ifModule mod_gzip.c> mod_gzip_on Yes mod_gzip_dechunk Yes mod_gzip_item_include file \.(html?|txt|css|js|php|pl)$ mod_gzip_item_include handler ^cgi-script$ mod_gzip_item_include mime ^text/.* mod_gzip_item_include mime ^application/x-javascript.* mod_gzip_item_exclude mime ^image/.* mod_gzip_item_exclude rspheader ^Content-Encoding:.*gzip.* </ifModule> <ifModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 seconds" ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 1 seconds" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 216000 seconds" ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 216000 seconds" </ifModule> <ifModule mod_headers.c> <filesMatch "\\.(ico|pdf|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\\.(css)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\\.(js)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=216000, private" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\\.(xml|txt)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=216000, public, must-revalidate" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\\.(html|htm|php)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=1, private, must-revalidate" </filesMatch> </ifModule> <ifModule mod_headers.c> Header unset ETag </ifModule> FileETag None <ifModule mod_headers.c> Header unset Last-Modified </ifModule> # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^foo\.com$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.foo\.com$ RewriteRule (.*) http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L,QSA] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^foo1\.com$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.foo1\.com$ RewriteRule (.*) http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L,QSA] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^foo2\.com$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.foo2\.com$ RewriteRule (.*) http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L,QSA] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^foo3\.com$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.foo3\.com$ RewriteRule (.*) http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L,QSA] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^foo8\.com$ [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.foo8\.com$ RewriteRule (.*) http://domain.com/$1 [R=301,L,QSA] Thinking that the above version was overkill, I've also tried to redirect all the requests for domains different than the main on to be redirected to it like this: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^domain\.com$ [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.com [L,R=301] Is it also wrong? Because it doesn't work either! P.S. @Sodved I've tried that and it doesn't help (I comment here because I can't seem to be able to comment your answer.) Removing the following piece of code didn't solve the issue either, so the problem must be somewhere else: # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress New details: using this tool for checking the redirects I got the following results for the URLs that are not redirected: Checked link: http://domain.com/aDirectory/ Type of link: direct link (note the trailing slash above) and: Checked link: http://domain.com/aDirectory Type of redirect: 301 Moved Permanently Redirected to: http://domain.com/aDirectory/ (no trailing slash here) I hope/suspect I'm getting closer to the cause of this behavior.

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  • Can someone explain the true landscape of Rails vs PHP deployment, particularly within the context of Reseller-based web hosting (e.g., Hostgator)?

    - by rcd
    Currently, I have a reseller account with the company HostGator. I design websites, which up until now have occasionally been wrapped in Wordpress CMSs and the like (PHP applications). I then sell hosting (of the site I've designed) to the client, which is pretty simple, in that I can simply click a button and add a new shared hosting account/site with whatever settings I want. Furthermore, I then utilize WHMCS to automate billing and account management. It's a nice package and pretty simple. I pay something like $25 a month, and can sell a hundred accounts under this (because my clients bandwidth requirements are low). Now I am finding the need to develop more customized applications, including a minimalist CMS and several proprietary things. I soon anticipate developing these apps for clients as well. Thus, I've spent the past few months learning Rails, and it's coming along well now. The thing that has nagged at me all along, though, is the deployment issue. I can't wrap my brain around it. It seems like all of the popular options (Heroku, etc) have nice automation with git and are set up in the "Rails Way". I get that (sort of). But it's terribly expensive... a single dyno, a helper, and the cheapest database (which they say is mainly suitable for testing) that isn't limited to 5MB runs $51. This is for ONE app!!! Throw in a "production" DB and you're over $200. This is like... the same prices as getting a server somewhere, right? Meanwhile, going back to what I guess is a "traditional" hosting environment with Hostgator, their server only has Ruby 1.8.7 and Rails 2.3.5... No Rails 3. AND, no Passenger (not that I really understand the difference in CGI or mod_rails or whatever, but they say Passenger is the simplest). So I'm to understand that if I build an app in Rails 3, it won't run at all on this host? But damn, I already have these accounts under my reseller account there, all running static html and/or PHP stuff, right? So what now? How do I get all of this under one simple (and affordable) roof? Forgive my ignorance, but I just don't get it. Managing a VPS is cool and all, but entails learning server admin stuff and security... And it's expensive. I get that a shared and/or reseller "server-based" (forgive the terminology) may be inadequate for large-scale apps that use a lot of bandwidth... But what about for those of us who are building real (but small and low bandwidth) apps (with Rails) and who want to deploy them simply, cheaply, using the same conceptual approach as PHP? Even after learning all of this Ruby and Rails stuff for months, I'm questioning whether it's worth it when it comes to deployment. I want to build a small app, upload it to my home directory on a shared server account, and just make it run. Why should that be so hard? Am I just choosing the wrong language/framework? Forgive my ignorance in the subject; these questions are not rhetorical; just trying to learn here. So: 1) I'd appreciate if someone could give me a good rundown of how to understand deployment in Rails vs. PHP. 2) I'd appreciate if someone could address my issue with running a hosting/web business around reseller hosting (Hostgator) while also being able to host Rails apps. Can it be done? And how can a company like Hostgator completely ignore what's current in Rails/Ruby? Thanks.

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  • C# Can I return HttpWebResponse result to iframe - Uses Digest authentication

    - by chadsxe
    I am trying to figure out a way to display a cross-domain web page that uses Digest Authentication. My initial thought was to make a web request and return the entire page source. I currently have no issues with authenticating and getting a response but I am not sure how to properly return the needed data. // Create a request for the URL. WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create("http://some-url/cgi/image.php?type=live"); // Set the credentials. request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(username, password); // Get the response. HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); // Get the stream containing content returned by the server. Stream dataStream = response.GetResponseStream(); // Open the stream using a StreamReader for easy access. StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(dataStream); // Read the content. string responseFromServer = reader.ReadToEnd(); // Clean up the streams and the response. reader.Close(); dataStream.Close(); response.Close(); return responseFromServer; My problems are currently... responseFromServer is not returning the entire source of the page. I.E. missing body and head tags The data is encoded improperly in responseFromServer. I believe this has something to do with the transfer encoding being of the type chunked. Further more... I am not entirely sure if this is even possible. If it matters, this is being done in ASP.NET MVC 4 C#. Thanks, Chad

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  • Xdebug configuration with PHP fastcgi and eclipse?

    - by mac
    I have been using eclipse-pdt in conjunction with xdebug and apache without problems, for over one year. Things worked flawlessly and I could do all the interactive debugging I wanted from within eclipse (using my own machine as a server). Now I switched from apache to nginx (and therefore PHP runs now not as an Apache service but as fast-cgi) and I can't find a way to configure eclipse to work nicely with xdebug. I am neither sure if the problem is with xdebug or with eclipse (or both) to be sure. In the eclipse configuration I already changed the reference to the PHP configuration file to /etc/php5/cli/php.ini. Attempts with php.ini version 1 With the following php.ini file zend_extension=/usr/lib/php5/20060613/xdebug.so I see that xdebug is working (for example if I do a var_dump() I get the xdebug version of it, not the plain PHP one) I can't have the interactive debugging from eclipse: the browser opens up and loads the page completely with the typical URL containing ...?XDEBUG_SESSION_START=ECLIPSE_DBGP&KEY=..., but the program execution does not stop at breakpoints In the bottom-right corner of eclipse I see a suspicious message: *"Launching =put_the_name_of_my_project_here=: 57%"* that alternates with the "refreshing workspace" one. Attempts with php.ini version 2 If I use this other version of the file (which is what it worked until I switched to nginx): zend_extension=/usr/lib/php5/20060613/xdebug.so xdebug.remote_enable=On xdebug.remote_autostart=On xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp xdebug.remote_host=localhost xdebug.remote_port=9000 xdebug.remote_mode=req I can't access any page of my sites at all. Any help or suggestion appreciated, thank you in advance for your time! PS: Additional data on my machine: - OS: GNU/Linux - Ubuntu 9.10 64 bit. - PHP: 5.2.10-2ubuntu6.3 with Suhosin-Patch 0.9.7; Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies with Xdebug v2.0.4 - Eclipse: see screenshot.

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  • IIS HTTP Error 403.1 - Forbidden: Execute access is denied

    - by coxymla
    I have a ASP.NET 1.1 application running on IIS 6 / Windows Server 2003. It's our application, but we're trying to specifically replicate a customer's installation so the app folder has been copied entirely from their production server onto our test machine, and then we've created the Virtual Directory and Web Application for IIS manually. The problem I have is that when we access the app, we get the standard IIS security error message: The page cannot be displayed You have attempted to execute a CGI, ISAPI, or other executable program from a directory that does not allow programs to be executed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Please try the following: •Contact the Web site administrator if you believe this directory should allow execute access. HTTP Error 403.1 - Forbidden: Execute access is denied. Internet Information Services (IIS) Now this is pretty standard, except as far as I can see it's not anything so simple. I have checked: IIS user has read access to the directory IIS user and Network Service users have read/write access to the Temporary ASP.NET Files folder Virtual directory is set to the correct version of ASP.NET ASP.NET 1.1 Web Service Extension is allowed Virtual directory has the correct mappings of file extensions and all verbs to the aspnet 1.1 DLL Virtual directory properties allow Scripts and Executables to be run Anonymous access is turned on and the username and password is correct What am I missing?

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  • How do I add PHP support to Apache 2 without breaking my current installation?

    - by Hobhouse
    I run Apache 2 with WSGI (for a Django-app) on a Ubuntu box. I want to use Nagios for server monitoring, and for this purpose it seems I have to add PHP support to Apache. When I installed Apache 2, I did this: apt-get install apache2 apache2.2-common apache2-mpm-worker apache2-threaded-dev libapache2-mod-wsgi python-dev Available modules for apache2 are these: /etc/apache2/mods-available$ ls actions.conf authn_default.load cache.load deflate.conf filter.load mime.conf proxy_ftp.load suexec.load actions.load authn_file.load cern_meta.load deflate.load headers.load mime.load proxy_http.load unique_id.load alias.conf authnz_ldap.load cgi.load dir.conf ident.load mime_magic.conf rewrite.load userdir.conf alias.load authz_dbm.load cgid.conf dir.load imagemap.load mime_magic.load setenvif.conf userdir.load asis.load authz_default.load cgid.load disk_cache.conf include.load negotiation.conf setenvif.load usertrack.load auth_basic.load authz_groupfile.load charset_lite.load disk_cache.load info.conf negotiation.load speling.load version.load auth_digest.load authz_host.load dav.load dump_io.load info.load proxy.conf ssl.conf vhost_alias.load authn_alias.load authz_owner.load dav_fs.conf env.load ldap.load proxy.load ssl.load wsgi.conf authn_anon.load authz_user.load dav_fs.load expires.load log_forensic.load proxy_ajp.load status.conf wsgi.load authn_dbd.load autoindex.conf dav_lock.load ext_filter.load mem_cache.conf proxy_balancer.load status.load authn_dbm.load autoindex.load dbd.load file_cache.load mem_cache.load proxy_connect.load substitute.load What is the best way for me to add PHP support to Apache 2 without breaking my current installation and configuration?

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  • Paypal (sandbox) buy now link redirects to paypal (sandbox) login page instead of order summary

    - by Nicolas
    Hi, Before going live I try to test the paypal process against the paypal sandbox mode, but after the summary of what the user is going to pay on my website(buy now button), the link does not redirect to a paypal summary of the prder but ask the user to connect to paypal. Even after logging into the buyer sandbox account there's no summary of the order. It just disappears. Here's is the code I use on the checkout page: <form action="https://www.sandbox.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick"> <input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"> <input type="hidden" name="notify_url" value="http://www.website.com/paypal/"> <div class="suggestion"> <input type="image" src="https://www.sandbox.paypal.com/en_GB/i/btn/btn_paynowCC_LG.gif" border="0" name="submit" alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online!"> <img alt="" border="0" src="https://www.sandbox.paypal.com/en_GB/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1"> </div> </form> Any idea why it redirects to the payapl login page instead of the order one? Btw I'm using the Website Basic Payment (not PRO then). Cheers, Nicolas.

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  • Embedding a flash object old SWF markup? Will this work??

    - by user342391
    I am embedding a flash object into my site and when I do I get a message from dreamweaver saying "This page contains some swf objects that may not work correctly in the most recent versions of Internet Explorer. Dreamweaver cannot convert them to the new SWF markups please delete each of them and insert them again" I am not aware of any new SWF markups but here is my code to check maybe I am doing something wrong: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> </head> <body> <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,28,0" width="350" height="140" title="Flash Audio Recorder"> <param name="movie" value="AudioRecorder.swf" /> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="sameDomain" /> <param name="quality" value="high" /> <param name="FlashVars" value="userid=2&settings=myXML/settings.xml" /> <embed src="AudioRecorder.swf" FlashVars="userid=2&settings=myXML/settings.xml" allowScriptAccess="sameDomain" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.adobe.com/shockwave/download/download.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="350" height="140"></embed> </object> </body> </html>

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