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• How to connect a remote IP Phone to our VOIP Network?

  - by Mistiry

  We have an IP phone system in our office, and about 8 VoIP phones running on the system. We have a remote worker, who is literally states away. We'd like to connect his phone to our VoIP network, so that he has a business phone and an extension to which we could transfer calls. I was thinking, although I don't know for sure, that a pair of Cisco routers could be used in some way to make this work. I imagine a VPN solution, where I have one router connected to the phone network and the other router connected to the remote phone. Then have a site-to-site VPN set up so that the remote router... And that's where I'm stuck. I know the remote router will need to use the DHCP server of the phone system. I've never set up something like this, so I am seeking the help of the community here. What is the best way to get this remote VoIP phone RELIABLY connected to our internal VoIP network?

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• Why does Windows Firewall show "Unidentified network" as one of my "Active public networks"?

  - by MousePad

  I have a machine that has wifi and ethernet. I have wifi active, and am not using ethernet. My Windows firewall shows two active networks, one is the wifi network I connect to, and the other is "Unidentified network". What is this unidentified network? I can't seem to be able to get rid of it because I can't find where it is even defined. How can you detect this and know whether this is just something appropriate or possibly a security problem? I am on Windows 7 64bit.

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• Why would the servers network type change from Private to Public?

  - by Phil Hannent

  Just found a fault with a server, other users have had problems connecting to it. The setting on the network card had changed from Private (domain) network to Public (the other option being Home). The switch to the network interface would have caused the firewall to block a lot of normal functions. I am guessing that since the event log showed no reason for the change that it might be due to a complete shutdown we had recently where someone powered up the machines, however the domain controllers might not have been booted up first. Any confirmation that this might be the case?

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• How can I control wireless networks in Ubuntu without Network-Manager?

  - by Solignis

  Hi there, I recently installed Ubuntu on a laptop I got. I was having issues with the network manager just like I was having in my VM where it was not setting up the hostname correctly. Anyhow now I have a problem, since it is a laptop it will be moving.... But I have no way to discover new wireless networks. Anyway I can gain that functionality back? The problem I am running into is that I need to set the DNS search and domain for the machine so I can access my network but the network-manager was overriding the settings. Any help would be much appreciated.

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• Is it possible to use Linux to route between my office (which uses IPSec) and home network?

  - by Sam

  First of all, apologies if this seems vague - I'm not an admin of anything more than a home network. I have a Ubuntu box sitting on my network which does various odd tasks for me - svn serving, some file serving, Apache/MySQL/PHP which is all raring to go. I've started a new job and at the moment I'm using ShrewSoft VPN software to establish a VPN link to the office as I need it. I'd prefer to have something always running on my home network just for convenience. My home modem/router doesn't support holding a VPN connection open. What I would like to do is set up my Linux box to hold open a VPN connection to my office and keep it open permanently, and then all applicable traffic for the office be routed through this box. I'm not sure if this is possible, or how to configure the routing on the desktop PCs (Windows 7). Would appreciate any guides, etc that could help me out.

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• Dosbox USB print Windows 8.1 64Bit

  - by eCronik

  Worked fine until I've upgraded to Windows 8.1 as well as made the mail programm working (had to get a windows live ID and have to type in a password now, when starting Windows). I did set the USB printer to lpt1 on the local Windows 8 computer and another XP computer via LAN to lpt2 the same way with the same printer on the Windows 8 computer. But now it doesn't work anymore from the Win8 one (where the printer is plugged via USB). Tried already deleting lpt2: on the XP one, as well as lpt1 on the Windows 8, resetted it. Not working... :-( I tried also net use lpt1: \server\printer password "\user:Ute Berger" /persistent:yes of course with the correct server and shared printer name as well as net use \server\printer "\user:Ute Berger" password /persistent:yes . This is the name displayed as a user now. But in C:\users it is named Benutzer1. Tried this one also. Nothing worked. What could be the problem here? What's strange is that when I type "net use lpt1:" on the XP, I get another error (67 - The networkname wasn't found) than trying something I didn't set up like lpt2 (2 - The system can't find the file). Could this be a possible problem as even if deleted something is left blocking on the Windows 8 computer? Please help me - I tried for hours today but all I've got was frustration... Regards Tim

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• Is it possible to cause artificial network packet loss or latency?

  - by nbolton

  I'm trying to reproduce some issues on a deployed application where the MSSQL server and client are running in two separate machines. I think there may be network issues between the two machines, so I'd like to try and reproduce these conditions on two Hyper-V virtual machines (on the same virtual server). Of course, the network for these virtual machines is "local" so it's actually far from the conditions in a live environment. Is there a program I can run on either virtual machine which will degrade the network performance? Or maybe any other work arounds? For example, one way to reproduce the conditions may be to run the VMs on separate Hyper-V servers in geographically dispersed locations (so the SQL traffic goes over VPN or something) -- but this is a little long winded I think. There must be a simpler way.

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• Can a network interface be configured to have a default gateway for UDP packets?

  - by Vaibhav

  It is quite possible that my question may not make a lot of sense. I apologize, but I am not a networking guy, and that's my excuse. To elaborate, WikiPedia defines "Default Gateway" as a node on a "TCP/IP" network. And the way it works is that if a network interface is sending a packet to an IP address not present on its subnet, it sends it out to the default gateway (which then knows what to do with that packet). Is this true if a UDP packet (datagram) is involved? I mean, if my network interface is sending a UDP packet to an IP address that is not present on its subnet, would it automatically send it to the Default Gateway as well?

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• How to reduce the windows network browsing broadcast timeout or disable this function?

  - by Moi42

  Hello everyone. My residential network is make of 300 vlans (one per room). To browse them we are using a wins server. My problem is that when I try to browse the network, windows first tries to find the neighborhood using some broadcast, and only then does it query the wins server. This "broadcast period" lasts exactly 30 seconds and is very annoying. Can I reduce it, or can I completely disable this broadcast network discovery feature from my system? Thank you for your answers.

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• Windows 7 Built-In VPN - How to access network shares, printers, etc.?

  - by Mike Brion

  After I have successfully connected to a Windows 7 box via the built-in VPN: how do I access shares, shared printers, network appliances, etc.? So, call me bad at googling, but: I can find dozens of articles on "How to Set up a VPN Connection" and "How to connect to a VPN" for Windows 7... but I can't find a single article on how to access resources after connecting. I have a home VPN set up in Windows 7; I was able to connect to it from my friend's Windows 7 machine last night. I expected to be able to UNC into my shares; I also expected to be able to go to "Start Computer" and Click "Network" on the left side, and then see all of the devices on my home network (while the VPN was connected). Am I missing something obvious? How do I make this happen?

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• Windows 7 Built-In VPN - How to access network shares, printers, etc.?

  - by mbrion

  After I have successfully connected to a Windows 7 box via the built-in VPN: how do I access shares, shared printers, network appliances, etc.? So, call me bad at googling, but: I can find dozens of articles on "How to Set up a VPN Connection" and "How to connect to a VPN" for Windows 7... but I can't find a single article on how to access resources after connecting. I have a home VPN set up in Windows 7; I was able to connect to it from my friend's Windows 7 machine last night. I expected to be able to UNC into my shares; I also expected to be able to go to "Start Computer" and Click "Network" on the left side, and then see all of the devices on my home network (while the VPN was connected). Am I missing something obvious? How do I make this happen?

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• Why can't I access a webserver through a load balancer on my local network?

  - by Karptonite

  When I try to use curl (or wget, lynx, etc) to connect from a server on our local network to our website, which is on a local server behind a CoyotePoint load balancer, curl fails. Ping does not have this problem. When I curl directly to any of the servers behind that load balancer (from and to the same local network), I also have no problem. It doesn't matter whether the local server I'm curling from is behind the load balancer or not. Does anyone have any idea why I can't access my webserver through the load balancer on my local network?

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• Windows 7 Built-In VPN - How to access network shares, printers, etc.?

  - by mbrion

  After I have successfully connected to a Windows 7 box via the built-in VPN: how do I access shares, shared printers, network appliances, etc.? So, call me bad at googling, but: I can find dozens of articles on "How to Set up a VPN Connection" and "How to connect to a VPN" for Windows 7... but I can't find a single article on how to access resources after connecting. I have a home VPN set up in Windows 7; I was able to connect to it from my friend's Windows 7 machine last night. I expected to be able to UNC into my shares; I also expected to be able to go to "Start Computer" and Click "Network" on the left side, and then see all of the devices on my home network (while the VPN was connected). Am I missing something obvious? How do I make this happen?

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• How do I turn a Wi-Fi "hotspot" into a local wired network?

  - by Max Schmeling

  Here's the situation: In a remote "office" I have a computer with no network connection, that I need to network with when I'm at this remote office. There is a wireless network where this computer is, but no wireless adapter in the computer. I have a laptop running Windows 7 that can connect to the wireless, and the computer is running Windows Vista. What is the best way to get them both connected? I know I can buy a USB wireless adapter or something for the computer, but is there an easy way to do it with what I've got?

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• How can I prevent Windows 7 from automatically changing the firewall settings (turning it back on) when changing network location?

  - by YpeDeg

  By default, the firewall is turned on on all my workstations. I want to disable it. That works just fine. However, if Windows thinks there is a change in the Network Location, the "Set Network Location" dialog appears. At that point my Firewall is still disabled. When my users click on any of the three options "Work", "Home" or "Public", Windows immediately changes the firewall settings and turns it back on. Is it possible to stop Windows 7 from automatically turning the firewall back on when you change the Network Location? If yes, how could I perform this task?

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• How do I automate the handling of a problem (no network device found) in Ubuntu 10.04 w/ preseed?

  - by user61183

  I have a preseed file that is doing some automation for an installation of Ubuntu 10.04. At the point where the network hardware is auto-detected, however, it fails to find hardware and displays a message, "No network interfaces detected". To make a long story short, I don't care if it can detect my network interface. How do I do one of the following: Skip that step alltogether. Handle the error page automagically. PS. I found somewhere where it suggested this: netcfg/no_interfaces seen true That didn't work. Thanks

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• Nginx works on my linux machine but is not accessible from other computers in my local network

  - by crooveck

  In my LAN network I have a server with Scientific Linux (RedHat or Fedora based distro), I've done yum install nginx but the welcome page is not accessible from other computers in my network. When I do telnet open localhost 80 and then GET / HTTP/1.0 I get some html code from nginx, so it's running for sure. But when I want to connect remotly, doing telnet open 192.168.3.130 80 I get: Trying 192.168.3.130... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: No route to host So I assume that there is something wrong with my network settings, maybe iptables or something else? Next step, I turned off iptables: service iptables stop and it helped, now I can connect remotely using telnet. So I think, I need to fix my iptables rules. I did some googling and found this rule -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT but it still didn't allow me to connect remotely when iptables is up. Can someone please help me setting a proper iptables configuration?

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• How does communication between 2 computers in a single network happen?

  - by learner

  Lets say I and my friend connect our computers with a LAN cable. I ping my friend with his IP address. How does it work? Since we are in the same network, we don't even need IP addresses, do we? Isn't IP addressing only relevant in case of inter-network communication? What will the ping command do with his IP address? How will it eventually find his physical address (NIC address)? (no ARP here, because that would involve a router at the edge of the network, which doesn't apply here). Am I wrong somewhere?

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• How to access network shares, printers, etc.through Windows 7 Built-In VPN?

  - by mbrion

  After I have successfully connected to a Windows 7 box via the built-in VPN: how do I access shares, shared printers, network appliances, etc.? So, call me bad at googling, but: I can find dozens of articles on "How to Set up a VPN Connection" and "How to connect to a VPN" for Windows 7... but I can't find a single article on how to access resources after connecting. I have a home VPN set up in Windows 7; I was able to connect to it from my friend's Windows 7 machine last night. I expected to be able to UNC into my shares; I also expected to be able to go to "Start Computer" and Click "Network" on the left side, and then see all of the devices on my home network (while the VPN was connected). Am I missing something obvious? How do I make this happen?

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• Windows 7,find who accessed my computer on network?

  - by pg2012

  It seems something tried to delete root c:/ folders on my computer and it did started delete process alphabetical order. Not sure what is cause. any known virus? We have company network edition of antivirus running, and full scan did not found any virus activity. That makes me suspious about someone on company network attempt to delete? can this possible? If it is how do we know from windows server that who accessed my computer over network?

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• OSI Model

  - by kaleidoscope

  The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design. In its most basic form, it divides network architecture into seven layers which, from top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical Layers. It is therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model. A layer is a collection of conceptually similar functions that provide services to the layer above it and receives service from the layer below it. Description of OSI layers: Layer 1: Physical Layer ·         Defines the electrical and physical specifications for devices. In particular, it defines the relationship between a device and a physical medium. ·         Establishment and termination of a connection to a communications medium. ·         Participation in the process whereby the communication resources are effectively shared among multiple users. ·         Modulation or conversion between the representation of digital data in user equipment and the corresponding signals transmitted over a communications channel. Layer 2: Data Link Layer ·         Provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities. ·         Detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. The error check is performed using Frame Check Sequence (FCS). ·         Addresses is then sought to see if it needs to process the rest of the frame itself or whether to pass it on to another host. ·         The Layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. ·         MAC sub layer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. ·         LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.   Layer 3: Network Layer ·         Provides the functional and procedural means of transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination via one or more networks. ·         Performs network routing functions, and might also perform fragmentation and reassembly, and report delivery errors. ·         Network Layer Routers operate at this layer—sending data throughout the extended network and making the Internet possible.   Layer 4: Transport Layer ·         Provides transparent transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. ·         Controls the reliability of a given link through flow control, segmentation/de-segmentation, and error control. ·         Transport Layer can keep track of the segments and retransmit those that fail. Layer 5: Session Layer ·         Controls the dialogues (connections) between computers. ·         Establishes, manages and terminates the connections between the local and remote application. ·         Provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation, and establishes checkpointing, adjournment, termination, and restart procedures. ·         Implemented explicitly in application environments that use remote procedure calls. Layer 6: Presentation Layer ·         Establishes a context between Application Layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities can use different syntax and semantics, as long as the presentation service understands both and the mapping between them. The presentation service data units are then encapsulated into Session Protocol data units, and moved down the stack. ·         Provides independence from differences in data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating from application to network format, and vice versa. The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the application layer can accept. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax layer. Layer 7: Application Layer ·         This layer interacts with software applications that implement a communicating component. ·         Identifies communication partners, determines resource availability, and synchronizes communication. o       When identifying communication partners, the application layer determines the identity and availability of communication partners for an application with data to transmit. o       When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists. o       In synchronizing communication, all communication between applications requires cooperation that is managed by the application layer. Technorati Tags: Kunal,OSI,Networking

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• collectd does not work

  - by bery

  I have installed collectd-5.0.0 on Fedora12 server and would like to run its service for receiving data from clients. I have enabled network plugin and rddtool plugin as commented: collectd.conf in server: BaseDir "/opt/collectd/var/lib/collectd" LoadPlugin "logfile" LoadPlugin network LoadPlugin rrdtool <Plugin network> Listen "192.168.8.37" "25826" </Plugin> collectd.conf in client: LoadPlugin logfile LoadPlugin cpu LoadPlugin network LoadPlugin memory <Plugin network> Server"192.168.8.37" "25826" </Plugin> collectd.log in server: [2011-08-03 02:36:04] Exiting normally. [2011-08-03 02:36:04] rrdtool plugin: Shutting down the queue thread. [2011-08-03 02:36:04] network plugin: Stopping receive thread. [2011-08-03 02:36:04] network plugin: Stopping dispatch thread. [2011-08-03 02:37:11] Initialization complete, entering read-loop. collectd.log in client: [2011-08-02 17:31:44] Initialization complete, entering read-loop. results thst execute netstat on server: netstat -ulpn | grep 25826 udp 0 0 192.168.8.37:25826 0.0.0.0:* 4744/collectd problem: but there is noting in "/opt/collectd/var/lib/collectd/" on ser yes,I move the port number of "25826" as your propose(But I think this is the default port for coolectd).there is no rdd files recived on server. collectd.log in client collectd [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_read_thread: Handling memory'. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_read_thread: Handlingcpu'. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = memory; plugin_instance = ; type = memory; type_instance = used; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = cpu; plugin_instance = 0; type = cpu; type_instance = user; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/memory/memory-used: ds[0] = 280412160.000000 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/cpu-0/cpu-user: ds[0] = 0.100008 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = memory; plugin_instance = ; type = memory; type_instance = buffered; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_dispatch_values: time = 1312380096.431; interval = 10.000; host = uml; plugin = cpu; plugin_instance = 0; type = cpu; type_instance = nice; [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/memory/memory-buffered: ds[0] = 344182784.000000 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] uc_update: uml/cpu-0/cpu-nice: ds[0] = 0.000000 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin: plugin_write: Writing values via network. [2011-08-03 10:01:36] network plugin: flush_buffer: send_buffer_fill = 1340 [2011-08-03 10:01:36] network plugin: network_send_buffer: buffer_len = 1340 ... [2011-08-03 10:01:36] plugin_read_thread: Next read of the cpu plugin at 1312380106.429064774. collectd.log in server collectd: [2011-08-03 20:18:08] type = network [2011-08-03 20:18:08] type = rrdtool [2011-08-03 20:18:08] network plugin: sockent_open: node = 192.168.8.37; service = 25826; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] fd = 3; calling bind' [2011-08-03 20:18:08] Done parsing/opt/collectd//share/collectd/types.db' [2011-08-03 20:18:08] interval_g = 10; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] timeout_g = 2; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] hostname_g = localhost.localdomain; [2011-08-03 20:18:08] Initialization complete, entering read-loop. It looks like, data is sending but doesn't be recived. Where is the mistake?

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• Connecting Linux to WatchGuard Firebox SSL (OpenVPN client)

  Recently, I got a new project assignment that requires to connect permanently to the customer's network through VPN. They are using a so-called SSL VPN. As I am using OpenVPN since more than 5 years within my company's network I was quite curious about their solution and how it would actually be different from OpenVPN. Well, short version: It is a disguised version of OpenVPN. Unfortunately, the company only offers a client for Windows and Mac OS which shouldn't bother any Linux user after all. OpenVPN is part of every recent distribution and can be activated in a couple of minutes - both client as well as server (if necessary). WatchGuard Firebox SSL - About dialog Borrowing some files from a Windows client installation Initially, I didn't know about the product, so therefore I went through the installation on Windows 8. No obstacles (and no restart despite installation of TAP device drivers!) here and the secured VPN channel was up and running in less than 2 minutes or so. Much appreciated from both parties - customer and me. Of course, this whole client package and my long year approved and stable installation ignited my interest to have a closer look at the WatchGuard client. Compared to the original OpenVPN client (okay, I have to admit this is years ago) this commercial product is smarter in terms of file locations during installation. You'll be able to access the configuration and key files below your roaming application data folder. To get there, simply enter '%AppData%\WatchGuard\Mobile VPN' in your Windows/File Explorer and confirm with Enter/Return. This will display the following files: Application folder below user profile with configuration and certificate files From there we are going to borrow four files, namely: ca.crt client.crt client.ovpn client.pem and transfer them to the Linux system. You might also be able to isolate those four files from a Mac OS client. Frankly, I'm just too lazy to run the WatchGuard client installation on a Mac mini only to find the folder location, and I'm going to describe why a little bit further down this article. I know that you can do that! Feedback in the comment section is appreciated. Configuration of OpenVPN (console) Depending on your distribution the following steps might be a little different but in general you should be able to get the important information from it. I'm going to describe the steps in Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail). As usual, there are two possibilities to achieve your goal: console and UI. Let's what it is necessary to be done. First of all, you should ensure that you have OpenVPN installed on your system. Open your favourite terminal application and run the following statement: $ sudo apt-get install openvpn network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome Just to be on the safe side. The four above mentioned files from your Windows machine could be copied anywhere but either you place them below your own user directory or you put them (as root) below the default directory: /etc/openvpn At this stage you would be able to do a test run already. Just in case, run the following command and check the output (it's the similar information you would get from the 'View Logs...' context menu entry in Windows: $ sudo openvpn --config client.ovpn Pay attention to the correct path to your configuration and certificate files. OpenVPN will ask you to enter your Auth Username and Auth Password in order to establish the VPN connection, same as the Windows client. Remote server and user authentication to establish the VPN Please complete the test run and see whether all went well. You can disconnect pressing Ctrl+C. Simplifying your life - authentication file In my case, I actually set up the OpenVPN client on my gateway/router. This establishes a VPN channel between my network and my client's network and allows me to switch machines easily without having the necessity to install the WatchGuard client on each and every machine. That's also very handy for my various virtualised Windows machines. Anyway, as the client configuration, key and certificate files are located on a headless system somewhere under the roof, it is mandatory to have an automatic connection to the remote site. For that you should first change the file extension '.ovpn' to '.conf' which is the default extension on Linux systems for OpenVPN, and then open the client configuration file in order to extend an existing line. $ sudo mv client.ovpn client.conf $ sudo nano client.conf You should have a similar content to this one here: dev tunclientproto tcp-clientca ca.crtcert client.crtkey client.pemtls-remote "/O=WatchGuard_Technologies/OU=Fireware/CN=Fireware_SSLVPN_Server"remote-cert-eku "TLS Web Server Authentication"remote 1.2.3.4 443persist-keypersist-tunverb 3mute 20keepalive 10 60cipher AES-256-CBCauth SHA1float 1reneg-sec 3660nobindmute-replay-warningsauth-user-pass auth.txt Note: I changed the IP address of the remote directive above (which should be obvious, right?). Anyway, the required change is marked in red and we have to create a new authentication file 'auth.txt'. You can give the directive 'auth-user-pass' any file name you'd like to. Due to my existing OpenVPN infrastructure my setup differs completely from the above written content but for sake of simplicity I just keep it 'as-is'. Okay, let's create this file 'auth.txt' $ sudo nano auth.txt and just put two lines of information in it - username on the first, and password on the second line, like so: myvpnusernameverysecretpassword Store the file, change permissions, and call openvpn with your configuration file again: $ sudo chmod 0600 auth.txt $ sudo openvpn --config client.conf This should now work without being prompted to enter username and password. In case that you placed your files below the system-wide location /etc/openvpn you can operate your VPNs also via service command like so: $ sudo service openvpn start client $ sudo service openvpn stop client Using Network Manager For newer Linux users or the ones with 'console-phobia' I'm going to describe now how to use Network Manager to setup the OpenVPN client. For this move your mouse to the systray area and click on Network Connections => VPN Connections => Configure VPNs... which opens your Network Connections dialog. Alternatively, use the HUD and enter 'Network Connections'. Network connections overview in Ubuntu Click on 'Add' button. On the next dialog select 'Import a saved VPN configuration...' from the dropdown list and click on 'Create...' Choose connection type to import VPN configuration Now you navigate to your folder where you put the client files from the Windows system and you open the 'client.ovpn' file. Next, on the tab 'VPN' proceed with the following steps (directives from the configuration file are referred): General Check the IP address of Gateway ('remote' - we used 1.2.3.4 in this setup) Authentication Change Type to 'Password with Certificates (TLS)' ('auth-pass-user') Enter User name to access your client keys (Auth Name: myvpnusername) Enter Password (Auth Password: verysecretpassword) and choose your password handling Browse for your User Certificate ('cert' - should be pre-selected with client.crt) Browse for your CA Certificate ('ca' - should be filled as ca.crt) Specify your Private Key ('key' - here: client.pem) Then click on the 'Advanced...' button and check the following values: Use custom gateway port: 443 (second value of 'remote' directive) Check the selected value of Cipher ('cipher') Check HMAC Authentication ('auth') Enter the Subject Match: /O=WatchGuard_Technologies/OU=Fireware/CN=Fireware_SSLVPN_Server ('tls-remote') Finally, you have to confirm and close all dialogs. You should be able to establish your OpenVPN-WatchGuard connection via Network Manager. For that, click on the 'VPN Connections => client' entry on your Network Manager in the systray. It is advised that you keep an eye on the syslog to see whether there are any problematic issues that would require some additional attention. Advanced topic: routing As stated above, I'm running the 'WatchGuard client for Linux' on my head-less server, and since then I'm actually establishing a secure communication channel between two networks. In order to enable your network clients to get access to machines on the remote side there are two possibilities to enable that: Proper routing on both sides of the connection which enables both-direction access, or Network masquerading on the 'client side' of the connection Following, I'm going to describe the second option a little bit more in detail. The Linux system that I'm using is already configured as a gateway to the internet. I won't explain the necessary steps to do that, and will only focus on the additional tweaks I had to do. You can find tons of very good instructions and tutorials on 'How to setup a Linux gateway/router' - just use Google. OK, back to the actual modifications. First, we need to have some information about the network topology and IP address range used on the 'other' side. We can get this very easily from /var/log/syslog after we established the OpenVPN channel, like so: $ sudo tail -n20 /var/log/syslog Or if your system is quite busy with logging, like so: $ sudo less /var/log/syslog | grep ovpn The output should contain PUSH received message similar to the following one: Jul 23 23:13:28 ios1 ovpn-client[789]: PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,topology subnet,route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0,dhcp-option DOMAIN ,route-gateway 192.168.6.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 60,ifconfig 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0' The interesting part for us is the route command which I highlighted already in the sample PUSH_REPLY. Depending on your remote server there might be multiple networks defined (172.16.x.x and/or 10.x.x.x). Important: The IP address range on both sides of the connection has to be different, otherwise you will have to shuffle IPs or increase your the netmask. {loadposition content_adsense} After the VPN connection is established, we have to extend the rules for iptables in order to route and masquerade IP packets properly. I created a shell script to take care of those steps: #!/bin/sh -eIPTABLES=/sbin/iptablesDEV_LAN=eth0DEV_VPNS=tun+VPN=192.168.1.0/24 $IPTABLES -A FORWARD -i $DEV_LAN -o $DEV_VPNS -d $VPN -j ACCEPT$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -i $DEV_VPNS -o $DEV_LAN -s $VPN -j ACCEPT$IPTABLES -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $DEV_VPNS -d $VPN -j MASQUERADE I'm using the wildcard interface 'tun+' because I have multiple client configurations for OpenVPN on my server. In your case, it might be sufficient to specify device 'tun0' only. Simplifying your life - automatic connect on boot Now, that the client connection works flawless, configuration of routing and iptables is okay, we might consider to add another 'laziness' factor into our setup. Due to kernel updates or other circumstances it might be necessary to reboot your system. Wouldn't it be nice that the VPN connections are established during the boot procedure? Yes, of course it would be. To achieve this, we have to configure OpenVPN to automatically start our VPNs via init script. Let's have a look at the responsible 'default' file and adjust the settings accordingly. $ sudo nano /etc/default/openvpn Which should have a similar content to this: # This is the configuration file for /etc/init.d/openvpn## Start only these VPNs automatically via init script.# Allowed values are "all", "none" or space separated list of# names of the VPNs. If empty, "all" is assumed.# The VPN name refers to the VPN configutation file name.# i.e. "home" would be /etc/openvpn/home.conf#AUTOSTART="all"#AUTOSTART="none"#AUTOSTART="home office"## ... more information which remains unmodified ... With the OpenVPN client configuration as described above you would either set AUTOSTART to "all" or to "client" to enable automatic start of your VPN(s) during boot. You should also take care that your iptables commands are executed after the link has been established, too. You can easily test this configuration without reboot, like so: $ sudo service openvpn restart Enjoy stable VPN connections between your Linux system(s) and a WatchGuard Firebox SSL remote server. Cheers, JoKi

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• OpenIndiana (illumos): vmxnet3 interface lost on reboot

  - by protomouse

  I want my VMware vmxnet3 interface to be brought up with DHCP on boot. I can manually configure the NIC with: # ifconfig vmxnet3s0 plumb # ipadm create-addr -T dhcp vmxnet3s0/v4dhcp But after creating /etc/dhcp.vmxnet3s0 and rebooting, the interface is down and the logs show: Aug 13 09:34:15 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 654879 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getcapab(0x200000) -> no Aug 13 09:34:15 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 715698 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: stop() Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 654879 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getcapab(0x200000) -> no Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 920500 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: start() Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 778983 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getprop(TxRingSize) -> 256 Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 778983 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getprop(RxRingSize) -> 256 Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 778983 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getprop(RxBufPoolLimit) -> 512 Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 605049 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_set_unset_link_properties: dladm_set_linkprop failed: operation not supported Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann vmxnet3s: [ID 654879 kern.notice] vmxnet3s:0: getcapab(0x20000) -> no Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 751932 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_down_interface: ipadm_delete_addr failed on vmxnet3s0: Object not found Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 819019 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_plumb_unplumb_interface: plumb IPv4 failed for vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 160156 daemon.error] 1: nwamd_plumb_unplumb_interface: plumb IPv6 failed for vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 771489 daemon.error] 1: add_ip_address: ipadm_create_addr failed on vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object Aug 13 09:34:17 neumann nwamd[491]: [ID 405346 daemon.error] 9: start_dhcp: ipadm_create_addr failed for vmxnet3s0: Operation not supported on disabled object I then tried disabling network/physical:nwam in favour of network/physical:default. This works, the interface is brought up but physical:default fails and my network services (e.g. NFS) refuse to start. # ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 vmxnet3s0: flags=1004843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:1: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:2: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:3: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:4: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:5: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:6: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:7: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 vmxnet3s0:8: flags=1004842<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4> mtu 9000 index 2 inet 192.168.178.248 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.178.255 lo0: flags=2002000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6,VIRTUAL> mtu 8252 index 1 inet6 ::1/128 vmxnet3s0: flags=20002000840<RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv6> mtu 9000 index 2 inet6 ::/0 # cat /var/svc/log/network-physical\:default.log [ Aug 16 09:46:39 Enabled. ] [ Aug 16 09:46:41 Executing start method ("/lib/svc/method/net-physical"). ] [ Aug 16 09:46:41 Timeout override by svc.startd. Using infinite timeout. ] starting DHCP on primary interface vmxnet3s0 ifconfig: vmxnet3s0: DHCP is already running [ Aug 16 09:46:43 Method "start" exited with status 96. ] NFS server not running: # svcs -xv network/nfs/server svc:/network/nfs/server:default (NFS server) State: offline since August 16, 2012 09:46:40 AM UTC Reason: Service svc:/network/physical:default is not running because a method failed. See: http://illumos.org/msg/SMF-8000-GE Path: svc:/network/nfs/server:default svc:/milestone/network:default svc:/network/physical:default Reason: Service svc:/network/physical:nwam is disabled. See: http://illumos.org/msg/SMF-8000-GE Path: svc:/network/nfs/server:default svc:/milestone/network:default svc:/network/physical:nwam Reason: Service svc:/network/nfs/nlockmgr:default is disabled. See: http://illumos.org/msg/SMF-8000-GE Path: svc:/network/nfs/server:default svc:/network/nfs/nlockmgr:default See: man -M /usr/share/man -s 1M nfsd Impact: This service is not running. I'm new to the world of Solaris, so any help solving would be much appreciated. Thanks!

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• Using ReadOnlyCollection preventing me from setting up a bi-directional many-to-many relationship

  - by Kevin Pang

  I'm using NHibernate to persist a many-to-many relation between Users and Networks. I've set up both the User and Network class as follows, exposing each's collections as ReadOnlyCollections to prevent direct access to the underlying lists. I'm trying to make sure that the only way a User can be added to a Network is by using its "JoinNetwork" function. However, I can't seem to figure out how to add the User to the Network's list of users since its collection is readonly. public class User { private ISet<Network> _Networks = new HashedSet<Network>(); public ReadOnlyCollection<Network> Networks { get { return new List<Network>(_Networks).AsReadOnly(); } } public void JoinNetwork(Network network) { _Networks.Add(network); // How do I add the current user to the Network's list of users? } } public class Network { private ISet<User> _Users = new HashedSet<User>(); public ReadOnlyCollection<User> Users { get { return new List<User>(_Users).AsReadOnly(); } } }

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