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• Secure LAMP server for production use

  - by WalterJ89

  What is the procedure for securing a Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP Server (or even Perl) for production use? Other than setting the MySql password and the root password for linux what other (maybe not so obvious) steps should be taken? Also what steps can I take if I was going to be extra paranoid that may not normally be nessasary? this is for a basic single site use but must be secure. Thank you. (sorry if this was asked before)

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• Stop duplicate icmp echo replies when bridging to a dummy interface?

  - by mbrownnyc

  I recently configured a bridge br0 with members as eth0 (real if) and dummy0 (dummy.ko if). When I ping this machine, I receive duplicate replies as: # ping SERVERA PING SERVERA.domain.local (192.168.100.115) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from SERVERA.domain.local (192.168.100.115): icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=113 ms 64 bytes from SERVERA.domain.local (192.168.100.115): icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=114 ms (DUP!) 64 bytes from SERVERA.domain.local (192.168.100.115): icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=113 ms 64 bytes from SERVERA.domain.local (192.168.100.115): icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=113 ms (DUP!) Using tcpdump on SERVERA, I was able to see icmp echo replies being sent from eth0 and br0 itself as follows (oddly two echo request packets arrive "from" my Windows box myhost): 23:19:05.324192 IP myhost.domain.local > SERVERA.domain.local: ICMP echo request, id 512, seq 43781, length 40 23:19:05.324212 IP SERVERA.domain.local > myhost.domain.local: ICMP echo reply, id 512, seq 43781, length 40 23:19:05.324217 IP myhost.domain.local > SERVERA.domain.local: ICMP echo request, id 512, seq 43781, length 40 23:19:05.324221 IP SERVERA.domain.local > myhost.domain.local: ICMP echo reply, id 512, seq 43781, length 40 23:19:05.324264 IP SERVERA.domain.local > myhost.domain.local: ICMP echo reply, id 512, seq 43781, length 40 23:19:05.324272 IP SERVERA.domain.local > myhost.domain.local: ICMP echo reply, id 512, seq 43781, length 40 It's worth noting, testing reveals that hosts on the same physical switch do not see DUP icmp echo responses (a host on the same VLAN on another switch does see a dup icmp echo response). I've read that this could be due to the ARP table of a switch, but I can't find any info directly related to bridges, just bonds. I have a feeling my problem lay in the stack on linux, not the switch, but am opened to any suggestions. The system is running centos6/el6 kernel 2.6.32-71.29.1.el6.i686. How do I stop ICMP echo replies from being sent in duplicate when dealing with a bridge interface/bridged interfaces? Thanks, Matt [edit] Quick note: It was recommended in #linux to: [08:53] == mbrownnyc [gateway/web/freenode/] has joined ##linux [08:57] <lkeijser> mbrownnyc: what happens if you set arp_ignore to 1 for the dummy interface? [08:59] <lkeijser> also set arp_announce to 2 for that interface [09:24] <mbrownnyc> lkeijser: I set arp_annouce to 2, arp_ignore to 2 in /etc/sysctl.conf and rebooted the machine... verifying that the bits are set after boot... the problem is still present I did this and came up empty. Same dup problem. I will be moving away from including the dummy interface in the bridge as: [09:31] == mbrownnyc [gateway/web/freenode/] has joined #Netfilter [09:31] <mbrownnyc> Hello all... I'm wondering, is it correct that even with an interface in PROMISC that the kernel will drop /some/ packets before they reach applications? [09:31] <whaffle> What would you make think so? [09:32] <mbrownnyc> I ask because I am receiving ICMP echo replies after configuring a bridge with a dummy interface in order for ipt_netflow to see all packets, only as reported in it's documentation: http://ipt-netflow.git.sourceforge.net/git/gitweb.cgi?p=ipt-netflow/ipt-netflow;a=blob;f=README.promisc [09:32] <mbrownnyc> but I do not know if PROMISC will do the same job [09:33] <mbrownnyc> I was referred here from #linux. any assistance is appreciated [09:33] <whaffle> The following conditions need to be met: PROMISC is enabled (bridges and applications like tcpdump will do this automatically, otherwise they won't function). [09:34] <whaffle> If an interface is part of a bridge, then all packets that enter the bridge should already be visible in the raw table. [09:35] <mbrownnyc> thanks whaffle PROMISC must be set manually for ipt_netflow to function, but [09:36] <whaffle> promisc does not need to be set manually, because the bridge will do it for you. [09:36] <whaffle> When you do not have a bridge, you can easily create one, thereby rendering any kernel patches moot. [09:36] <mbrownnyc> whaffle: I speak without the bridge [09:36] <whaffle> It is perfectly valid to have a "half-bridge" with only a single interface in it. [09:36] <mbrownnyc> whaffle: I am unfamiliar with the raw table, does this mean that PROMISC allows the raw table to be populated with packets the same as if the interface was part of a bridge? [09:37] <whaffle> Promisc mode will cause packets with {a dst MAC address that does not equal the interface's MAC address} to be delivered from the NIC into the kernel nevertheless. [09:37] <mbrownnyc> whaffle: I suppose I mean to clearly ask: what benefit would creating a bridge have over setting an interface PROMISC? [09:38] <mbrownnyc> whaffle: from your last answer I feel that the answer to my question is "none," is this correct? [09:39] <whaffle> Furthermore, the linux kernel itself has a check for {packets with a non-local MAC address}, so that packets that will not enter a bridge will be discarded as well, even in the face of PROMISC. [09:46] <mbrownnyc> whaffle: so, this last bit of information is quite clearly why I would need and want a bridge in my situation [09:46] <mbrownnyc> okay, the ICMP echo reply duplicate issue is likely out of the realm of this channel, but I sincerely appreciate the info on the kernels inner-workings [09:52] <whaffle> mbrownnyc: either the kernel patch, or a bridge with an interface. Since the latter is quicker, yes [09:54] <mbrownnyc> thanks whaffle [edit2] After removing the bridge, and removing the dummy kernel module, I only had a single interface chilling out, lonely. I still received duplicate icmp echo replies... in fact I received a random amount: http://pastebin.com/2LNs0GM8 The same thing doesn't happen on a few other hosts on the same switch, so it has to do with the linux box itself. I'll likely end up rebuilding it next week. Then... you know... this same thing will occur again. [edit3] Guess what? I rebuilt the box, and I'm still receiving duplicate ICMP echo replies. Must be the network infrastructure, although the ARP tables do not contain multiple entries. [edit4] How ridiculous. The machine was a network probe, so I was (ingress and egress) mirroring an uplink port to a node that was the NIC. So, the flow (must have) gone like this: ICMP echo request comes in through the mirrored uplink port. (the real) ICMP echo request is received by the NIC (the mirrored) ICMP echo request is received by the NIC ICMP echo reply is sent for both. I'm ashamed of myself, but now I know. It was suggested on #networking to either isolate the mirrored traffic to an interface that does not have IP enabled, or tag the mirrored packets with dot1q.

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• Forward/backward compatibility of glibc and the kernel

  - by netvope

  Suppose you have glibc 2.5 compiled with kernel headers 2.6.18 Is it safe to run this glibc with Linux kernel 2.6.32? Is it safe to run this glibc with Linux kernel 2.6.9?

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• When spliting MP4s with ffmpeg how do I include metadata?

  - by Josh

  I have a few MP4s that i want to upload to my flickr account but they have a maximum size of 500mb as mine is only about 550 i was planing to simply split them in half then upload them, but i want to make sure all the meta data is included but it does not seem to be. I have tried each of the following with no luck, (at the end of this post i have the original and the new ffprobe outputs): ffmpeg -ss 00:00:00.00 -t 00:04:19.35 -i SANY0069.MP4 -acodec copy -vcodec copy -map_metadata 0:0 SANY0069A.MP4 ffmpeg -ss 00:00:00.00 -t 00:04:19.35 -i SANY0069.MP4 -acodec copy -vcodec copy -map_meta_data SANY0069.MP4:SANY0069A.MP4 SANY0069A.MP4 with the this one I manually produced the individual meta tags that i took from this command ffmpeg -i SANY0069A.MP4 -f ffmetadata meta.txt ffmpeg -ss 00:00:00.00 -t 00:04:19.35 -i SANY0069.MP4 -acodec copy -vcodec copy -metadata major_brand="mp42" -metadata minor_version="1" -metadata compatible_brands="mp42avc1" -metadata creation_time="2012-09-29 09:05:50" -metadata comment="SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9" -metadata comment-eng="SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9" SANY0069A.MP4 using the output of the former command i also tried this: ffmpeg -ss 00:00:00.00 -t 00:04:19.35 -i SANY0069.MP4 -acodec copy -vcodec copy -f ffmetadata -i meta.txt SANY0069A.MP4 Output: sample output from my first command: ffmpeg -ss 00:00:00.00 -t 00:04:19.35 -i SANY0069.MP4 -acodec copy -vcodec copy -map_metadata 0:0 SANY0069A.MP4 ffmpeg version 0.8.12, Copyright (c) 2000-2011 the FFmpeg developers built on Jun 13 2012 09:57:38 with gcc 4.6.3 20120306 (Red Hat 4.6.3-2) configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --extra-cflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --enable-libcelt --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdirac --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect libavutil 51. 9. 1 / 51. 9. 1 libavcodec 53. 8. 0 / 53. 8. 0 libavformat 53. 5. 0 / 53. 5. 0 libavdevice 53. 1. 1 / 53. 1. 1 libavfilter 2. 23. 0 / 2. 23. 0 libswscale 2. 0. 0 / 2. 0. 0 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'SANY0069.MP4': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 1 compatible_brands: mp42avc1 creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 comment : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 comment-eng : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 Duration: 00:08:38.71, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 9142 kb/s Stream #0.0(eng): Video: h264 (Constrained Baseline), yuv420p, 1280x720 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 9007 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 127 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 File 'SANY0069A.MP4' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y Output #0, mp4, to 'SANY0069A.MP4': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 1 compatible_brands: mp42avc1 creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 comment : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 comment-eng : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 encoder : Lavf53.5.0 Stream #0.0(eng): Video: libx264, yuv420p, 1280x720 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 9007 kb/s, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, 127 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 Stream mapping: Stream #0.0 -> #0.0 Stream #0.1 -> #0.1 Press [q] to stop, [?] for help frame= 7773 fps=4644 q=-1.0 Lsize= 289607kB time=00:04:19.35 bitrate=9147.4kbits/s video:285416kB audio:4033kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.054571% and finaly, when i compare the ffprobe of the original and the first split part i get the 2 following outputs: original ffprobe version 0.8.12, Copyright (c) 2007-2011 the FFmpeg developers built on Jun 13 2012 09:57:38 with gcc 4.6.3 20120306 (Red Hat 4.6.3-2) configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --extra-cflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --enable-libcelt --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdirac --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect libavutil 51. 9. 1 / 51. 9. 1 libavcodec 53. 8. 0 / 53. 8. 0 libavformat 53. 5. 0 / 53. 5. 0 libavdevice 53. 1. 1 / 53. 1. 1 libavfilter 2. 23. 0 / 2. 23. 0 libswscale 2. 0. 0 / 2. 0. 0 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'SANY0069.MP4': Metadata: major_brand : mp42 minor_version : 1 compatible_brands: mp42avc1 creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 comment : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 comment-eng : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 Duration: 00:08:38.71, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 9142 kb/s Stream #0.0(eng): Video: h264 (Constrained Baseline), yuv420p, 1280x720 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 9007 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 127 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 2012-09-29 09:05:50 Split ffprobe version 0.8.12, Copyright (c) 2007-2011 the FFmpeg developers built on Jun 13 2012 09:57:38 with gcc 4.6.3 20120306 (Red Hat 4.6.3-2) configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --extra-cflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic' --enable-bzlib --enable-libcelt --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdirac --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-x11grab --enable-avfilter --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-runtime-cpudetect libavutil 51. 9. 1 / 51. 9. 1 libavcodec 53. 8. 0 / 53. 8. 0 libavformat 53. 5. 0 / 53. 5. 0 libavdevice 53. 1. 1 / 53. 1. 1 libavfilter 2. 23. 0 / 2. 23. 0 libswscale 2. 0. 0 / 2. 0. 0 libpostproc 51. 2. 0 / 51. 2. 0 Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'SANY0069A.MP4': Metadata: major_brand : isom minor_version : 512 compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41 creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 encoder : Lavf53.5.0 comment : SANYO DIGITAL CAMERA CA9 Duration: 00:04:19.37, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 9146 kb/s Stream #0.0(eng): Video: h264 (Constrained Baseline), yuv420p, 1280x720 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 9015 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Stream #0.1(eng): Audio: aac, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 127 kb/s Metadata: creation_time : 1970-01-01 00:00:00 I know this is incredibly long but its actually a quite simple question. I thought it would be best to provide as much detail as possible. any advice here would be great, Thanks

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• sshfs too slow while remote editing on Eclipse and other IDEs, what options to use to make it faster. *Not* for mac users

  - by Fullmooninu

  I've been looking into this problem, and it is common. But since there is a package for Mac with the same name, the solution for Mac users is hiding the solution for Linux users and our default sshfs. This the best I got so far, from what actually works on Linux. sshfs user@host:remoteDir localDir -o Ciphers=arcfour -oauto_cache,reconnect,no_readahead note: this question was not appropriate for stackoverflow, dunno why: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25365487/sshfs-too-slow-what-options-to-use-to-make-it-faster-not-for-mac-users

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• how to make sure the OS can recognize my modem ??

  - by Raafat

  Warning ... novice Linux user problem right here ... my modem is Actiotec MDC AC'97 Modem v2132D, how can i be sure that it's a software or a hardware one??, also how can i be sure that it's working on my OS??, or my OS can recognize it or not??, I'm using Linux Debian 5.0, with KDE thanx in advanced ... Raafat

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• Best filesystem choices for NFS storing VMware disk images

  - by mlambie

  Currently we use an iSCSI SAN as storage for several VMware ESXi servers. I am investigating the use of an NFS target on a Linux server for additional virtual machines. I am also open to the idea of using an alternative operating system (like OpenSolaris) if it will provide significant advantages. What Linux-based filesystem favours very large contiguous files (like VMware's disk images)? Alternatively, how have people found ZFS on OpenSolaris for this kind of workload?

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• Does Windows 8 support wubi installation?

  - by vignesh4303

  I recently installed Windows 8 from MSDN. I used to install Linux within Windows in my Windows operating systems. But when I tried to install my Ubuntu 10.10 with Wubi installer the option to install with wubi was disabled. Help me to install Ubuntu with Wubi installer on Windows 8 if Windows 8 supports it. If it does not, please recommend any other alternative to Wubi. I use Wubi mainly because I can easily remove the Linux operating system.

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• Setting Up a Virtual Sound Device To Stream Output via TCP/IP

  - by Martindale

  I'm interested in installing a custom driver / device that will open a socket (or listen) and stream audio via TCP/IP in both Windows and Linux. I would like to be able to specify this device as my "Output" for specific applications so that I can route my audio through a completely unique machine (for example, in complex Synergy setups where my headphones might be connected to one machine, but audio is being generated by another.) In Linux, I expect this to be very easy, but I anticipate having to install a custom driver in Windows.

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• Show command prompt on reboot

  - by LinuxPenseur

  Hi, In one of my linux machines, when i give reboot command at the shell command prompt then press enter, i get another command prompt and then the system reboots. $reboot $ But in one of my office Linux machines, when i give the reboot command, it suddenly reboots without showing another shell command prompt What could be the reason for this? I need the first behavior to be present in my office machine also. Kindly tell me where i should tweak my office machine. Thanks

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• Hosting an NTP server on a standalone network

  - by cdated

  I have a LAN that is not connected to the internet, and I am trying to sychronize all the machines, Windows and Linux, to an NTP. All I've been able to find is setting up an NTP client with an internet NTP. How can I setup my own Linux NTP server, or find good documentation on how?

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• Dual Monitors in Ubuntu

  - by Luminose

  My only issue that is stopping me from moving to Linux is the dual monitor support. If I use TwinView, maximizing an application causes it to take over both monitors, not maximize in the current monitor the way it works in Windows. If I use two separate X windows, certain programs default to a specific monitor with no way of moving it to the other desktop. Has anyone else had these issues? Are there any detailed dual monitor resources.for Linux/Ubuntu I can read?

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• Possible to simulate a NDMP backup?

  - by Sandra

  I like to try Amanda's and Bacula's NDMP backup features, but I don't wan't to try it out on the live NAS, just yet. Ideally would I like to find out which that suites me best, and get familiar with before trying to make a real NDMP backup from the NAS. Question Is it somehow possible to simulate a NDMP backup with some Linux hosts? Or formulated in another way: Does there exist a NDMP daemon I can install on a Linux host, so it pretends to be a NAS?

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• Mount VirtualBox VDI disk

  - by Bart van Heukelom

  I have a virtual Windows 7 computer using VirtualBox on a Linux host. How can I mount this virtual pc's harddisk (VDI file) in Linux? It's a dynamic file, meaning that it only takes up as much space as is actually used.

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• Does more heat generation mean more wear and tear?

  - by Suhail Gupta

  I read that hardware generally used on PC is not optimized for running Linux. That is the reason the machine emits large amount of heat and doesn't give the battery back up , that we will get while working on windows. ~REF Does it also mean more wear and tear of the hardware (when using linux as compared when using windows ) ? Note : I have personally experienced large heat emission while working with Fedora 16 and Ubuntu 11.xx on my laptop.

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• Possible to mount an ext4 partition image via FUSE?

  - by Catskul

  I'm attempting to mount an ext4 partition image in userspace. (no sudo, no special config/permissions modification to /dev/loop0 or /etc/fstab etc). So I'm hoping FUSE will come to the rescue. However it seems that each file system mounted through the FUSE system needs to have a special FUSE driver, and I've not been able to find a linux read-write ext4 FUSE driver for linux. Is there a way to mount ext4 images via FUSE (with write permission)?

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• Steganography software

  - by dag729

  Do you know some good (better if FOSS and cross-platform) steganography software that runs on GNU/Linux? The features I'm searching are: steganography software (better if FOSS and cross-platform) it must run on GNU/Linux must hide data inside audio/video/image files support of additional cryptography I already use a cryptographic software, but I want to use a steganographic one as an addition to it. Any suggestions will be appreciated, thanks a lot in advance!

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• Reasons for missing IP info in `last` output on pts logins?

  - by Mike Pennington

  I have five CentOS 6 linux systems at work, and encountered a rather strange issue that only seems to happen with my userid across all the linux systems I have... This is an example of the problem from entries I excepted from the last command... mpenning pts/19 Fri Nov 16 10:32 - 10:35 (00:03) mpenning pts/17 Fri Nov 16 10:21 - 10:42 (00:21) bill pts/15 sol-bill.local Fri Nov 16 10:19 - 10:36 (00:16) mpenning pts/1 192.0.2.91 Fri Nov 16 10:17 - 10:49 (12+00:31) kkim14 pts/14 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 18:02 - 15:17 (4+21:15) gduarte pts/10 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 12:33 - 08:10 (11+19:36) gduarte pts/9 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 12:31 - 08:10 (11+19:38) kkim14 pts/0 :0.0 Thu Nov 15 12:27 - 15:17 (5+02:49) gduarte pts/6 192.0.2.135 Thu Nov 15 11:44 - 08:10 (11+20:25) kkim14 pts/13 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 09:56 - 15:17 (5+05:20) kkim14 pts/12 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 08:28 - 15:17 (5+06:49) kkim14 pts/11 192.0.2.225 Thu Nov 15 08:26 - 15:17 (5+06:50) dspencer pts/8 192.0.2.130 Wed Nov 14 18:24 still logged in mpenning pts/18 alpha-console-1. Mon Nov 12 14:41 - 14:46 (00:04) You can see two of my pts login entries above that do not have a source IP address associated with them. My CentOS machines have as many as six other users that share the systems, but the mpenning userid is the only one that has this issue. Approximately 5% of my logins see this issue, but no other usernames exhibit this behavior. Questions Given the kind of scripts I keep on these systems (which control much of our network infrastructure), I'm a little spooked by this and would like to understand what would cause my logins to occasionally miss source addresses. Is there anything (other than malicious activity) that would reasonably explain the behavior? Other than bash history timestamping, are there other things I can do to track the issue down? Informational Since this started happening, I enabled bash history time-stamping (i.e. HISTTIMEFORMAT="%y-%m-%d %T " in .bash_profile) and also added a few other bash history hacks; however, that does not give clues to what happened during the previous occurrences. All the systems run CentOS 6.3... [mpenning@typo ~]$ uname -a Linux typo.local 2.6.32-279.9.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 25 21:43:11 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [mpenning@typo ~]$ EDIT If I use last -i mpenning, I see entries like this... mpenning pts/19 0.0.0.0 Fri Nov 16 10:32 - 10:35 (00:03) mpenning pts/17 0.0.0.0 Fri Nov 16 10:21 - 10:42 (00:21)

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• Any way to recover ext4 filesystems from a deleted LVM logical volume?

  - by Vegar Nilsen

  The other day I had a proper brain fart moment while expanding a disk on a Linux guest under Vmware. I stretched the Vmware disk file to the desired size and then I did what I usually do on Linux guests without LVM: I deleted the LVM partition and recreated it, starting in the same spot as the old one, but extended to the new size of the disk. (Which will be followed by fsck and resize2fs.) And then I realized that LVM doesn't behave the same way as ext2/3/4 on raw partitions... After restoring the Linux guest from the most recent backup (taken only five hours earlier, luckily) I'm now curious on how I could have recovered from the following scenario. It's after all virtually guaranteed that I'll be a dumb ass in the future as well. Virtual Linux guest with one disk, partitioned into one /boot (primary) partition (/dev/sda1) of 256MB, and the rest in a logical, extended partition (/dev/sda5). /dev/sda5 is then setup as a physical volume with pvcreate, and one volume group (vgroup00) created on top of it with the usual vgcreate command. vgroup00 is then split into two logical volumes root and swap, which are used for / and swap, logically. / is an ext4 file system. Since I had backups of the broken guest I was able to recreate the volume group with vgcfgrestore from the backup LVM setup found under /etc/lvm/backup, with the same UUID for the physical volume and all that. After running this I had two logical volumes with the same size as earlier, with 4GB free space where I had stretched the disk. However, when I tried to run "fsck /dev/mapper/vgroup00-root" it complained about a broken superblock. I tried to locate backup superblocks by running "mke2fs -n /dev/mapper/vgroup00-root" but none of those worked either. Then I tried to run TestDisk but when I asked it to find superblocks it only gave an error about not being able to open the file system due to a broken file system. So, with the default allocation policy for LVM2 in Ubuntu Server 10.04 64-bit, is it possible that the logical volumes are allocated from the end of the volume group? That would definitely explain why the restored logical volumes didn't contain the expected data. Could I have recovered by recreating /dev/sda5 with exactly the same size and disk position as earlier? Are there any other tools I could have used to find and recover the file system? (And clearly, the question is not whether or not I should have done this in a different way from the start, I know that. This is a question about what to do when shit has already hit the fan.)

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• Help with a netcat command for windows

  - by Mestika

  Hi, I've a command for netcat which is for Linux, but I need to run it on my Windows through cmd. The Linux command is: nc localhost 4444 < myfile.file and in particular I need to get the "<" to work; means I need to get it to run a file on the setting above. Sincere Mestika

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• Looking for a chat protocol which:

  - by marcusw

  Has easy to use clients which will run on both Windows and Linux. Has a server which I can run myself on Linux (preferably easy to set up). (optional) Supports duplexed voice and video with minimal hassle. Is open source/free software. Is there a protocol that fulfils these requirements?

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• Slow and unresponssive network

  - by Jason94

  Ive have the Nokia N900 mobile phone (running Maemo linux), and my device is really slow while using the wifi and trying to get stuff online (checking mail, loading pages). The webbrowsers itself (MicroB, Firefox, Opera) starts fast. Yesterday ive tried to set the dns to googles but that did not solve the case. Is there, and how do i check/verify my connection to the internet if im connected to my home wifi in linux? (tools, other then ping :D)

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• Extending hard disk size after hard drive regrow without losing data

  - by Albert Widjaja

  Hi All, I wonder if this is possible to extend or regrow the Linux hard disk partition from 8 GB to 20 GB without losing the existing data on the partition ? at the moment this Ubuntu Linux is deployed on top of VMware and I've just regrow the hard drive from 8 GB into 20 GB but can't see the effect immediately. can anyone suggest how to do this without losing the data ? and I found some strange error message when i do the fdisk -l ?

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• ifdown em1 Users cannot control this device. Allow users to control em1 device

  - by Eric Leschinski

  I want to allow users to control the em1 device in Linux: When I run this command: ifdown em1 em1 is the embedded ethernet card 1, I want the user to be able to turn off the ethernet card. On Fedora 17, I get this error message: Users cannot control this device I want a certain user to be able to run a certain command on Linux without giving rights to other users. What is the best way to do that?

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• How to change ftp path?

  - by John Isaacks

  I have apache installed on my ubuntu machine. you can access the server from other machines with http://linux-server The local path on the machine is /var/www I have installed vsftpd on the machine as well so I can ftp to the server from another machine with ftp://linux-server however it takes me to /home/myUserName I want the ftp to take me to the same place as the http. So how can I change the FTP path? Thanks!

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