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• Insufficient storage available to create shadow copy

  - by Bob.at.SBS

  I have used the "Windows 7 File Recovery" tool under Windows 8 to create system image backups to an external USB hard drive. I built a new Windows 8.1 machine, and I want to create my first system image backup of that machine to the same USB hard drive. The "Windows 7 File Recovery" tool is gone in Windows 8.1, but wbAdmin is alive and well: wbAdmin start backup -backupTarget:\\?\Volume{2a2b...994f} -allCritical -quiet fails with this text displayed: wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool (C) Copyright 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Retrieving volume information... This will back up (EFI System Partition),(C:),Recovery (300.00 MB) to \?\Volume {2a2b1255-3a86-11e3-be86-b8ca3a83994f}. The backup operation to F: is starting. Creating a shadow copy of the volumes specified for backup... Summary of the backup operation: The backup operation stopped before completing. The backup operation stopped before completing. Detailed error: ERROR - A Volume Shadow Copy Service operation error has occurred: (0x8004231f) Insufficient storage available to create either the shadow copy storage file or other shadow copy data. The EFI System Partition is 100 MB The Recovery Partition is 300 MB The C partition is 1.72 TB, NTFS, 218 GB used, 1.51 TB free The destination drive is 1.81 TB, NTFS, 678 GB used, 1.15 TB free I've fiddled with vssadmin resize shadowstorage, with no change in the error. vssadmin list shadowstorage displays: Shadow Copy Storage association For volume: (C:)\?\Volume{37a0...263}\ Shadow Copy Storage volume: (C:)\?\Volume{37a0...263}\ Used Shadow Copy Storage space: 2.39 GB (0%) Allocated Shadow Copy Storage space: 2.81 GB (0%) Maximum Shadow Copy Storage space: 531 GB (30%) Shadow Copy Storage association For volume: (F:)\?\Volume{2a2...94f}\ Shadow Copy Storage volume: (F:)\?\Volume{2a2...94f}\ Used Shadow Copy Storage space: 334 GB (17%) Allocated Shadow Copy Storage space: 337 GB (18%) Maximum Shadow Copy Storage space: UNBOUNDED (922154758%) (Yeah, the "percent calculation" for UNBOUNDED is seriously bogus.) I've run SFC /verifyonly and it seems happy. I've verified that the new `Volume Shadow Copy" service starts when I start the backup operation. Any suggestions?

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• Can't get an IBM xSeries 345 server to load Windows Server 2003 using ServerGuide utility

  - by Kyle Noland

  I have a client that has an IBM xSeries 345 eServer. Per the IBM support website, I have downloaded the ServerGuide Setup 7.4.17 installation ISO and burned a bootable CD. The CD boots fine and loads the utility. I walk through the following screens without any issue: Set the date and Time Detect the IBM ServeRAID card and install the latest firmware Clear the hard disks Set up the RAID array The next step is format the NOS partition. I select my partition size and the utility goes through the following steps: Creating NOS partition Formatting NOS partition (NTFS) Copying W32 files The copying W32 files takes about 10 minutes. I see the CD drive and disks working hard. When the copying is complete, I'm taken to a blank page just NOS Partitioning at the top. At the bottom of the screen are the familiar Back and Exit buttons. I see the place where the Next button should be, and if I click on it I can tell there is something there, but the space is empty. No button is displayed and clicking the empty spot doesn't ever take me to the next screen. I can't load the OS until I get past this part. I have already tried: Burning multiple copies and versions of the ServerGuide CD Letting the final screen just sit there over the weekend thinking it might advance after syncing the drives or something Has anybody else seen this? I'm really at a loss here. EDIT: I found another person who has the exact same problem as me: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=14451763

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• Package upgrade on Ubuntu raid server and grub setup issue

  - by RecNes

  I have remote Ubuntu 10.10 server running on raid system. I did package upgrade yesterday night for security reasons. During the upgrade, grub installation screen appeared and asked me which partition I wanted to install grub. Options are sda,sdb,md1 and md2. I decide to install them on both sda and sdb partitions. I wondering, was I make true decision? If machine get reboot is it can be boot up safely? You can find fdisk output and fstab mount points below: Fstab: proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/md0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/md1 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/md2 / ext3 defaults 0 0 Fdisk: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00029bb5 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 262 2102562 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda2 263 295 265072+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sda3 296 91201 730202445 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2152 MB, 2152923136 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 525616 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md1: 271 MB, 271319040 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 66240 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/md2: 747.7 GB, 747727224832 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 182550592 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md2 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00088969 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 262 2102562 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb2 263 295 265072+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb3 296 91201 730202445 fd Linux raid autodetect

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• Can't get an IBM xSeries 345 server to load Windows Server 2003 using ServerGuide utility

  - by Kyle Noland

  I have a client that has an IBM xSeries 345 eServer. Per the IBM support website, I have downloaded the ServerGuide Setup 7.4.17 installation ISO and burned a bootable CD. The CD boots fine and loads the utility. I walk through the following screens without any issue: Set the date and Time Detect the IBM ServeRAID card and install the latest firmware Clear the hard disks Set up the RAID array The next step is format the NOS partition. I select my partition size and the utility goes through the following steps: Creating NOS partition Formatting NOS partition (NTFS) Copying W32 files The copying W32 files takes about 10 minutes. I see the CD drive and disks working hard. When the copying is complete, I'm taken to a blank page just NOS Partitioning at the top. At the bottom of the screen are the familiar Back and Exit buttons. I see the place where the Next button should be, and if I click on it I can tell there is something there, but the space is empty. No button is displayed and clicking the empty spot doesn't ever take me to the next screen. I can't load the OS until I get past this part. I have already tried: Burning multiple copies and versions of the ServerGuide CD Letting the final screen just sit there over the weekend thinking it might advance after syncing the drives or something Has anybody else seen this? I'm really at a loss here.

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• Recommended partitions to migrate from Windows XP to Windows 7 and Ubuntu

  - by Juanillo

  Hello, I have a system with Windows XP. My hard disk has 189 GB NTFS. I want to change the operative system to windows 7, but I want to add Ubuntu as well. As the change might take several days (because I don't have much time) I want to install one system (or Windows 7 or Ubuntu) keeping my windows XP installed in another partition so if something doesn't work in thebrand new operating system installed I can use my Windows XP installation. So I've thouht about doing something like this: Copy the data I want to keep to an external hard disk. Make partitions enough to install windows 7, keep data in another partition and another one to install Ubuntu. Copy the data I want to keep to the partition I've just created. Install Ubuntu in the partitions for Ubuntu. Check if Ubuntu works fine If it works OK install Windows 7 on the partition of Windows XP (Windows XP will be erased). Reinstall the programs in Windows 7. So my question is: How many partitions do you recommend me to have (and the size of each one and NTFS or FAT32)? The operative system I'm going to use more is Windows 7 (though I love Linux I use many programs which are windows dependant). Do you think I should do anything else / change something in the proccess to avoid any problem? I don't know if making the partitions can harm the data I have in the disk. Thanks.

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• Finding a shared HDD attached to the network from my F-13 machine

  - by Ramy

  Sorry for the slew of n00bie questions, but here is one more. I recently partitioned my 1.5TB harddrive according to this question I then bought this to attach the harddrive to my network. The problem is, how do I navigate to the hard drive to move files over the network to the HDD. should this be moved to serverfault? update: the disk isn't even showing up when i call "fdisk -l" (as root). How can I mount it if I can't even find it? [root@Moonface ~]# /sbin/fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00018598 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 19458 155777024 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/dm-0: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/dm-1: 4764 MB, 4764729344 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 579 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/dm-2: 101.0 GB, 101032394752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 12283 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-2 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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• SSD Drive not being recongized in BIOS

  - by chobo2

  Well I bought my first drive Mushkin Chronos 180GB and got it installed in my computer and loaded up. I went to windows 7 and initialized the drive and then I installed "SSDlife Free" and loaded it up and my the SSD drive came up said it was "powered on 3 times"(thought it was odd but then thought maybe some testing???). I then restarted my computer and loaded into Acronis. Went to my SSD drive and make a partition called windows(made a basic logical partition). I then loaded up Norton ghost and wanted to copy my current windows onto the SSD drive on the partition I made found out I could not do it through the recovery disk so I made a backup of my windows drive and wanted to then restore it onto the SSD drive. Came back an hour later when the backup was done. I tried to restore the it on my SSD drive and could not find the partition so I loaded up Acronis again and it did not see it. I then went to the bios and saw only my other hard drive. What I tried Tried uplugging and replugging in both sata and power cables. Tried using the power and sata cable from the working drive and giving it the ones that SSD drive were using. Tried Sata AHCI Mode (Intel ICH9 Southbridge) Tried SATA PORT0-1 NATIVE MODE (Intel ICH9 Southbridge) Nothing worked. Software / hardware Windows 7 ultimate Gigabyte S-Series GA-P35-DS3L Mother board I hope someone has some ideas on why it is not being recognized.

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• Problem with running a script at startup as root?

  - by Usman Ajmal

  Hi The main question: Is there a way I can run 'completely' one of my script when ubuntu's desktop appears no matter if root , administrator, desktop user or an unprivileged user logged in? What does the script do? The script mounts a partition, looks for a file in that partition and finally on the basis of that file a decision of copying a partition to another partition is made. That copying is done via dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sda5 When does the script run finely? Script runs smoothly when I run it from the terminal by sudo ./my_copying_script This command asks me for the password of currently logged in user. I enter the password and the script starts working. When does the script NOT run finely? I want to run the script at startup. I set it a startup program by using the Startup Applications utility of Ubuntu. Script ran at startup but exited at the dd command returing following error: dd: opening '/dev/sda2': Permission denied On edk's suggestion I set the owner of my_copying_script as root and set the SUID. Now the permissions of my_copying_script are (-rwsr-sr-x). edk's point of view was that once I set the suid, the startup program will run with the permissions of its owner. I did that but the same /dev/sda2 permission denied error came up. I then prefixed the dd with sudo as mentioned below sudo dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sda5 but this returned following error: sudo: no tty present and no askpass program specified In other words the mounting failed. If I run the script using sudo ./myProgram i don't face this problem and the drive gets mounted successfully.

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• Ubuntu 13.10 - How to disable LVM and cryptsetup? cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available

  - by NeverEndingQueue

  I am trying to remove whole drive encryption from my Ubuntu installation. I've run Ubuntu from Live CD, mounted crypt partition and copied it to another partition /dev/sda3. sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda5 crypt1 sudo dd if=/dev/ubuntu-vg/root of=/dev/sda3 bs=1M After that I've run boot-repair: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair Added entry to /etc/fstab: UUID=<uuid> / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 Of course I've replaced with blkid result of my /dev/sda3. I've also deleted overlayfs and tmpfs lines from /etc/fstab. (I've just compared it to content of /etc/fstab in non-encrypted Ubuntu installation and could not find overlayfs and tmpfs). I've chrooted from LiveCD into my system and rebuilt initramfs: http://blog.leenix.co.uk/2012/07/evmsactivate-is-not-available-on-boot.html I've also removed cryptsetup using apt-get remove. Basically I can easily mount my system partition from Live CD (without setting up the encryption and LVM stuff), but can not boot from it. Instead I see: cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available When I've chosen the Recovery mode I've seen this: Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /script/local-top ... Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while ... No volume groups found cryptsetup: evms_activate is not available Begin: Waiting for encrytpted source device ... My /etc/crypttab is empty. I am pretty sure that system tries to find encrypted partition, search for LVMs etc. Do you have ideas what could be the problem or how can I fix it? Thanks

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• Cloning to a smaller hard drive with DDRescue

  - by krebshack

  I am currently working with a 700 GB Seagate hard drive that's beginning to fail. I'll call this "SDB" from now on. I'd like to clone it while I'm still able to. However, the only hard drive that I have available is a 500 GB WD hard drive. I'll call this "SDC" from now on. The partition scheme on SDB is as follows: 9.77 GB is allocated to a recovery partition and the remaining 688.87 GB is allocated to a Windows partition. Both are formatted using NTFS. There is no partition scheme on SDC. I know how to clone one hard drive to another using DDRescue but I've only done it using hard drives that are the same size. For your reference, I'll normally use the command "ddrescue -v -r 3 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc example.log". I'd like to know if it's possible to do this with DDRescue. I've read the manual from GNU (http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/manual/ddrescue_manual.html) and I haven't seen anything indicating that it is possible. I'm just looking for some confirmation that this is a correct impression. If it's not possible, then it would be helpful if any of y'all would be able to make some work around suggestions. But please don't feel obligated to do that. I don't want to have my one thread bogged down with two many questions.

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• Seagate 3TB hard drive loses format information

  - by Victor Bugarin

  I have a Windows 7x64 Ultimate, 6 GB memory, 1 TB HD. 3TB Barracuda XT HDD. The HDD is installed on a StarTech 4 bays external enclosure I had troubles so I converted to a GPT, created 1 partition and formatted as NTFS. The hard drive I can write and read to and from the hard drive but it will become unreadable at some point while I am copying files or after I have copied files to it. I have copied large Bluray movies and diverse video files, I have also copied 32 GB of pictures, and I have copied about 86 thousand music files in different formats. At some point the partition becomes unreadable and I have to format the partition again (all files lost) and I have to start the whole process again. At some point I have been unable to copy large ISO (Bluray movies) file images. I have partitioned the HDD in 2 partitions P1 - 2TB, P2 - 1TB and I have lost every single file in either partition the same way. I reformat the HDD and it seems fine. I have run seatools to check the hard drive and it reports to be OK. What gives?

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• How to back up initial state of external backup drive?

  - by intuited

  I've picked up an HP Simplesave external drive. It comes with some fancy software that is of no use to me because I don't use Windows. Like many current consumer-targeted backup drives, the backup software is actually contained on the drive itself. I'd like to save the drive's initial state so that I can restore it if I decide to sell it. The backup box itself is somewhat customized: in addition to the hard drive device, it presents a CDROM-like device on /dev/sr0. I gather that the purpose of this cdrom device is to bootstrap via Windows autoplay the backup application which lives on the disk itself. I wouldn't suppose any guarantees about how it does this, so it seems important to preserve the exact state of the disk. The drive is formatted with a single 500GB NTFS partition. My initial thought was to use dd to dump the disk (/dev/sdb) itself, but this proved impractical, as the resulting file was not sparse. This seemed to be because the NTFS empty space is not filled with zeroes, but with a repeating series of 16 bytes. I tried gzipping the output of dd. This reduced to the file to a manageable size — the first 18GB was compressed to 81MB, versus 47MB to tarball the contents of the mounted filesystem — but it was very slow on my admittedly somewhat derelict Pentium M processor. The time to do that first 18GB was about 30 minutes. So I've resorted to dumping the disk state and partition data separately. I've dumped the partition state with sfdisk -d /dev/sdb > sfdisk.-d.out I've also created a compressed image of the NTFS partition (the only one on the disk) with ntfsclone --save-image --output - /dev/sdb1 | gzip -c > ntfsclone.img.gz Is there anything else I should do to ensure that I can restore the precise original state of the drive?

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• How can I create two partitions and clone one to the other (using Clonezilla)?

  - by johnny

  I was hoping someone could help. I want to create a "backup" partition. I want to create two partitions on my drive. One is a good install, which I want to then use clonezilla to copy the good partition to the broken/unused partition and have the restored partition boot up as usual. Example, C: goes bad. D: is a "good" copy of C. C gets a corrupt registry. I restore D to C, C will then boot up as usual. So, I need to do the clone with Clonezilla and the restore with the same. I see the part_...clone and restore. Will this do it? How do I get the partitions? EDIT: I am using XP. How can I do this? Also, I know this is not the best thing for all occasions. I have a offline backup as well. I would like to have both. Thanks for any help. I'm using Clonezilla if it matters.

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• Grub Installation Failed: Fatal Error ... now what I do?

  - by eklavya

  I know there are some threads that touch this but I feel I have done something uniquely stupid. hence the post and plea for help. I am a beginner @ Linux. So I have a PC with a HDD (hard disk drive) and SSD (solid state drive) It was running Linux Mint /dev/sda1 - HDD Partition 1 - 2 TB (mounted this is /home /dev/sda2 - HDD Partition 2 - 1 TB (separate back up drive, i was backing up files to this) /dev/sdb1 - SSD Partition 1 - 100 GB (OS) /dev/sdb2 - SSD Partition 2 - 20 GB (Swap) The operating system was Linux Mint and was installed on the /dev/sdb1 i.e the solid state drive. I had partitioned off the sda into 2 TB and 1TB and presented the 2 TB as the /home to the OS. Anyway last night I decided to make a return to Ubuntu via the path of Elementary OS. Everything went fine with the install until it stated that GRUB installed failed and this was a Fatal error (no kidding I said). No I am stuck. I have definitely done something wrong and don't know what it is... My biggest pain is the files on the /dev/sda2. I want to save these before I try something drastic like wiping off the /dev/sda completely. So I have the following questions... Can I use a liveCD USB to save these files ? I can see the /dev/sda2 but was unable to access the files in the liveCD last not least ... how do I fix the main issue here. Why could the OS not install GRUB 2b... why is my SSD the /dev/sdb ... and not /dev/sda. Does that have something to do with it that my master boot record sits on the HDD /dev/sda and not /dev/sdb

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• ?Oracle Database 12c????Information Lifecycle Management ILM?Storage Enhancements

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  Oracle Database 12c????Information Lifecycle Management ILM ?????????Storage Enhancements ???????? Lifecycle Management ILM ????????? Automatic Data Placement ??????, ??ADP? ?????? 12c???????Datafile??? Online Move Datafile, ????????????????datafile???????,??????????????? ????(12.1.0.1)Automatic Data Optimization?heat map????????: ????????? (CDB)?????Automatic Data Optimization?heat map Row-level policies for ADO are not supported for Temporal Validity. Partition-level ADO and compression are supported if partitioned on the end-time columns. Row-level policies for ADO are not supported for in-database archiving. Partition-level ADO and compression are supported if partitioned on the ORA_ARCHIVE_STATE column. Custom policies (user-defined functions) for ADO are not supported if the policies default at the tablespace level. ADO does not perform checks for storage space in a target tablespace when using storage tiering. ADO is not supported on tables with object types or materialized views. ADO concurrency (the number of simultaneous policy jobs for ADO) depends on the concurrency of the Oracle scheduler. If a policy job for ADO fails more than two times, then the job is marked disabled and the job must be manually enabled later. Policies for ADO are only run in the Oracle Scheduler maintenance windows. Outside of the maintenance windows all policies are stopped. The only exceptions are those jobs for rebuilding indexes in ADO offline mode. ADO has restrictions related to moving tables and table partitions. ??????row,segment???????????ADO??,?????create table?alter table?????? ????ADO??,??????????????,???????????????? storage tier , ?????????storage tier?????????, ??????????????ADO??????????? segment?row??group? ?CREATE TABLE?ALERT TABLE???ILM???,??????????????????ADO policy? ??ILM policy???????????????? ??????? ????ADO policy, ?????alter table  ???????,?????????????? CREATE TABLE sales_ado (PROD_ID NUMBER NOT NULL, CUST_ID NUMBER NOT NULL, TIME_ID DATE NOT NULL, CHANNEL_ID NUMBER NOT NULL, PROMO_ID NUMBER NOT NULL, QUANTITY_SOLD NUMBER(10,2) NOT NULL, AMOUNT_SOLD NUMBER(10,2) NOT NULL ) ILM ADD POLICY COMPRESS FOR ARCHIVE HIGH SEGMENT AFTER 6 MONTHS OF NO ACCESS; SQL> SELECT SUBSTR(policy_name,1,24) AS POLICY_NAME, policy_type, enabled 2 FROM USER_ILMPOLICIES; POLICY_NAME POLICY_TYPE ENABLED -------------------- -------------------------- -------------- P41 DATA MOVEMENT YES ALTER TABLE sales MODIFY PARTITION sales_1995 ILM ADD POLICY COMPRESS FOR ARCHIVE HIGH SEGMENT AFTER 6 MONTHS OF NO ACCESS; SELECT SUBSTR(policy_name,1,24) AS POLICY_NAME, policy_type, enabled FROM USER_ILMPOLICIES; POLICY_NAME POLICY_TYPE ENABLE ------------------------ ------------- ------ P1 DATA MOVEMENT YES P2 DATA MOVEMENT YES /* You can disable an ADO policy with the following */ ALTER TABLE sales_ado ILM DISABLE POLICY P1; /* You can delete an ADO policy with the following */ ALTER TABLE sales_ado ILM DELETE POLICY P1; /* You can disable all ADO policies with the following */ ALTER TABLE sales_ado ILM DISABLE_ALL; /* You can delete all ADO policies with the following */ ALTER TABLE sales_ado ILM DELETE_ALL; /* You can disable an ADO policy in a partition with the following */ ALTER TABLE sales MODIFY PARTITION sales_1995 ILM DISABLE POLICY P2; /* You can delete an ADO policy in a partition with the following */ ALTER TABLE sales MODIFY PARTITION sales_1995 ILM DELETE POLICY P2; ILM ???????: ?????ILM ADP????,???????: ?????? ???? activity tracking, ????2????????,???????????????????: SEGMENT-LEVEL???????????????????? ROW-LEVEL????????,??????? ????????: 1??????? SEGMENT-LEVEL activity tracking ALTER TABLE interval_sales ILM  ENABLE ACTIVITY TRACKING SEGMENT ACCESS ???????INTERVAL_SALES??segment level  activity tracking,?????????????????? 2? ??????????? ALTER TABLE emp ILM ENABLE ACTIVITY TRACKING (CREATE TIME , WRITE TIME); 3????????? ALTER TABLE emp ILM ENABLE ACTIVITY TRACKING  (READ TIME); ?12.1.0.1.0?????? ??HEAT_MAP??????????, ?????system??session?????heap_map????????????? ?????????HEAT MAP??,? ALTER SYSTEM SET HEAT_MAP = ON; ?HEAT MAP??????,??????????????????????????  ??SYSTEM?SYSAUX????????????? ???????HEAT MAP??: ALTER SYSTEM SET HEAT_MAP = OFF; ????? HEAT_MAP????, ?HEAT_MAP??? ?????????????????????? ?HEAT_MAP?????????Automatic Data Optimization (ADO)??? ??ADO??,Heat Map ?????????? ????V$HEAT_MAP_SEGMENT ??????? HEAT MAP?? SQL> select * from V$heat_map_segment; no rows selected SQL> alter session set heat_map=on; Session altered. SQL> select * from scott.emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850 30 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000 20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000 10 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300 10 14 rows selected. SQL> select * from v$heat_map_segment; OBJECT_NAME SUBOBJECT_NAME OBJ# DATAOBJ# TRACK_TIM SEG SEG FUL LOO CON_ID -------------------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------- --- --- --- --- ---------- EMP 92997 92997 23-JUL-13 NO NO YES NO 0 ??v$heat_map_segment???,?v$heat_map_segment??????????????X$HEATMAPSEGMENT V$HEAT_MAP_SEGMENT displays real-time segment access information. Column Datatype Description OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name of the object SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(128) Name of the subobject OBJ# NUMBER Object number DATAOBJ# NUMBER Data object number TRACK_TIME DATE Timestamp of current activity tracking SEGMENT_WRITE VARCHAR2(3) Indicates whether the segment has write access: (YES or NO) SEGMENT_READ VARCHAR2(3) Indicates whether the segment has read access: (YES or NO) FULL_SCAN VARCHAR2(3) Indicates whether the segment has full table scan: (YES or NO) LOOKUP_SCAN VARCHAR2(3) Indicates whether the segment has lookup scan: (YES or NO) CON_ID NUMBER The ID of the container to which the data pertains. Possible values include:   0: This value is used for rows containing data that pertain to the entire CDB. This value is also used for rows in non-CDBs. 1: This value is used for rows containing data that pertain to only the root n: Where n is the applicable container ID for the rows containing data The Heat Map feature is not supported in CDBs in Oracle Database 12c, so the value in this column can be ignored. ??HEAP MAP??????????????????,????DBA_HEAT_MAP_SEGMENT???????? ???????HEAT_MAP_STAT$?????? ??Automatic Data Optimization??????: ????1: SQL> alter system set heat_map=on; ?????? ????????????? scott?? http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/scott-schema-script.html SQL> grant all on dbms_lock to scott; ????? SQL> grant dba to scott; ????? @ilm_setup_basic C:\APP\XIANGBLI\ORADATA\MACLEAN\ilm.dbf @tktgilm_demo_env_setup SQL> connect scott/tiger ; ???? SQL> select count(*) from scott.employee; COUNT(*) ---------- 3072 ??? 1 ?? SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> exec print_compression_stats('SCOTT','EMPLOYEE'); Compression Stats ------------------ Uncmpressed : 3072 Adv/basic compressed : 0 Others : 0 PL/SQL ???????? ???????3072?????? ????????? ????policy ???????????? alter table employee ilm add policy row store compress advanced row after 3 days of no modification / SQL> set serveroutput on SQL> execute list_ilm_policies; -------------------------------------------------- Policies defined for SCOTT -------------------------------------------------- Object Name------ : EMPLOYEE Subobject Name--- : Object Type------ : TABLE Inherited from--- : POLICY NOT INHERITED Policy Name------ : P1 Action Type------ : COMPRESSION Scope------------ : ROW Compression level : ADVANCED Tier Tablespace-- : Condition type--- : LAST MODIFICATION TIME Condition days--- : 3 Enabled---------- : YES -------------------------------------------------- PL/SQL ???????? SQL> select sysdate from dual; SYSDATE -------------- 29-7? -13 SQL> execute set_back_chktime(get_policy_name('EMPLOYEE',null,'COMPRESSION','ROW','ADVANCED',3,null,null),'EMPLOYEE',null,6); Object check time reset ... -------------------------------------- Object Name : EMPLOYEE Object Number : 93123 D.Object Numbr : 93123 Policy Number : 1 Object chktime : 23-7? -13 08.13.42.000000 ?? Distnt chktime : 0 -------------------------------------- PL/SQL ???????? ?policy?chktime???6??, ????set_back_chktime???????????????“????”?,?????????,???????? ?????? alter system flush buffer_cache; alter system flush buffer_cache; alter system flush shared_pool; alter system flush shared_pool; SQL> execute set_window('MONDAY_WINDOW','OPEN'); Set Maint. Window OPEN ----------------------------- Window Name : MONDAY_WINDOW Enabled? : TRUE Active? : TRUE ----------------------------- PL/SQL ???????? SQL> exec dbms_lock.sleep(60) ; PL/SQL ???????? SQL> exec print_compression_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEE'); Compression Stats ------------------ Uncmpressed : 338 Adv/basic compressed : 2734 Others : 0 PL/SQL ???????? ??????????????? Adv/basic compressed : 2734 ??????? SQL> col object_name for a20 SQL> select object_id,object_name from dba_objects where object_name='EMPLOYEE'; OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME ---------- -------------------- 93123 EMPLOYEE SQL> execute list_ilm_policy_executions ; -------------------------------------------------- Policies execution details for SCOTT -------------------------------------------------- Policy Name------ : P22 Job Name--------- : ILMJOB48 Start time------- : 29-7? -13 08.37.45.061000 ?? End time--------- : 29-7? -13 08.37.48.629000 ?? ----------------- Object Name------ : EMPLOYEE Sub_obj Name----- : Obj Type--------- : TABLE ----------------- Exec-state------- : SELECTED FOR EXECUTION Job state-------- : COMPLETED SUCCESSFULLY Exec comments---- : Results comments- : --- -------------------------------------------------- PL/SQL ???????? ILMJOB48?????policy?JOB,?12.1.0.1??J00x???? ?MMON_SLAVE???M00x???15????????? select sample_time,program,module,action from v$active_session_history where action ='KDILM background EXEcution' order by sample_time; 29-7? -13 08.16.38.369000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.17.38.388000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.17.39.390000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.23.38.681000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M002) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.32.38.968000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.33.39.993000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M003) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.33.40.993000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M003) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.36.40.066000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.37.42.258000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.37.43.258000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.37.44.258000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M000) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution 29-7? -13 08.38.42.386000000 ?? ORACLE.EXE (M001) MMON_SLAVE KDILM background EXEcution select distinct action from v$active_session_history where action like 'KDILM%' KDILM background CLeaNup KDILM background EXEcution SQL> execute set_window('MONDAY_WINDOW','CLOSE'); Set Maint. Window CLOSE ----------------------------- Window Name : MONDAY_WINDOW Enabled? : TRUE Active? : FALSE ----------------------------- PL/SQL ???????? SQL> drop table employee purge ; ????? ???? ????? spool ilm_usecase_1_cleanup.lst @ilm_demo_cleanup ; spool off

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• Need help with testdisk output

  - by dan

  I had (note the past tense) an ubuntu 12.04 system with separate partitions for the base and /home directories. It started acting wonky, so I decided to do a reinstall with 12.10, intending just to do a reinstall to the base partition. After several seconds, I realize that the installer was repartitioning the drive and reinstalling, so I pulled the power cord. I'm now trying to recover as much as I can with testdisk, but it seems that testdisk is finding 100 unique partitions when I run it - they mostly tend to be HFS+ or solaris /home (which I think is just an ext4; I've never had solaris on the machine). I've pasted an abbreviated version of the testdisk output below (first ~100 lines, and then ~100 lines from the middle of the output). Is there a way to combine or recreate the partitions and then data recovery, or some other way maximize what I can recover (ideally as much of the file system as possible)? I really only care about what was in the /home directory - I'd rather not use photorec since I don't have another 2 TB HD lying around to recover to. Thanks, Dan Mon Dec 10 06:03:00 2012 Command line: TestDisk TestDisk 6.13, Data Recovery Utility, November 2011 Christophe GRENIER <[email protected]> http://www.cgsecurity.org OS: Linux, kernel 3.2.34-std312-amd64 (#2 SMP Sat Nov 17 08:06:32 UTC 2012) x86_64 Compiler: GCC 4.4 Compilation date: 2012-11-27T22:44:52 ext2fs lib: 1.42.6, ntfs lib: libntfs-3g, reiserfs lib: 0.3.1-rc8, ewf lib: none /dev/sda: LBA, HPA, LBA48, DCO support /dev/sda: size 3907029168 sectors /dev/sda: user_max 3907029168 sectors /dev/sda: native_max 3907029168 sectors Warning: can't get size for Disk /dev/mapper/control - 0 B - CHS 1 1 1, sector size=512 /dev/sr0 is not an ATA disk Hard disk list Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63, sector size=512 - WDC WD20EARS-00J2GB0, S/N:WD-WCAYY0075071, FW:80.00A80 Disk /dev/sdb - 1013 MB / 967 MiB - CHS 1014 32 61, sector size=512 - Generic Flash Disk, FW:8.07 Disk /dev/sr0 - 367 MB / 350 MiB - CHS 179470 1 1 (RO), sector size=2048 - PLDS DVD+/-RW DH-16AAS, FW:JD12 Partition table type (auto): Intel Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - WDC WD20EARS-00J2GB0 Partition table type: EFI GPT Analyse Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 Current partition structure: Bad GPT partition, invalid signature. search_part() Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=0/14880, s_mnt_count=5/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 SWAP2 version 1, 3211 MB / 3062 MiB Results P MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB P Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 SWAP2 version 1, 3211 MB / 3062 MiB interface_write() 1 P MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 2 P Linux Swap 3900755968 3907028975 6273008 search_part() Disk /dev/sda - 2000 GB / 1863 GiB - CHS 243201 255 63 recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=0/14880, s_mnt_count=5/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14880, s_mnt_count=0/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2046 3900753917 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14880, s_mnt_count=0/4294967295, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 487593984 recover_EXT2: part_size 3900751872 MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB block_group_nr 1 recover_EXT2: "e2fsck -b 32768 -B 4096 device" may be needed recover_EXT2: s_block_group_nr=1/14584, s_mnt_count=0/27, s_blocks_per_group=32768, s_inodes_per_group=8192 recover_EXT2: s_blocksize=4096 recover_EXT2: s_blocks_count 477915164 recover_EXT2: part_size 3823321312 MS Data 4094 3823325405 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB block_group_nr 1 ....snip...... MS Data 2046 3900753917 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB MS Data 2048 3900753919 3900751872 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock, 1997 GB / 1860 GiB MS Data 4094 3823325405 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB MS Data 4096 3823325407 3823321312 EXT4 Large file Sparse superblock Backup superblock, 1957 GB / 1823 GiB MS Data 7028840 7033383 4544 FAT12, 2326 KB / 2272 KiB Mac HFS 67856948 67862179 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67862176 67867407 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67862244 67867475 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67867404 67872635 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67867472 67872703 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67872700 67877931 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67937834 67948067 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS found using backup sector!, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67938012 67948155 10144 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67948064 67958297 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67948070 67958303 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS found using backup sector!, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67948152 67958295 10144 HFS+, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67958292 67968435 10144 HFS+, 5193 KB / 5072 KiB Mac HFS 67958300 67968533 10234 [EasyInstall_OSX] HFS, 5239 KB / 5117 KiB Mac HFS 67992596 67997827 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67997824 68003055 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 67997892 68003123 5232 HFS+ found using backup sector!, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68003052 68008283 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68003120 68008351 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Mac HFS 68008348 68013579 5232 HFS+, 2678 KB / 2616 KiB Solaris /home 84429840 123499141 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84429952 123499253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84493136 123562437 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84493248 123562549 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84566088 123635389 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84566200 123635501 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84571232 123640533 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84571344 123640645 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84659952 123729253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84660064 123729365 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84690504 123759805 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84690616 123759917 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84700424 123769725 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84700536 123769837 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84797720 123867021 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84797832 123867133 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84812544 123881845 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84812656 123881957 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84824552 123893853 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84824664 123893965 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84847528 123916829 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84847640 123916941 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84886840 123956141 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84886952 123956253 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84945488 124014789 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84945600 124014901 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84957992 124027293 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84958104 124027405 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84962240 124031541 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84962352 124031653 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84977168 124046469 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB Solaris /home 84977280 124046581 39069302 UFS1, 20 GB / 18 GiB MS Data 174395467 178483851 4088385 ..... snip (it keeps going on for quite a while)

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• Blogging: MacJournal & Windows Live Writer

  - by Jeff Julian

  One thing I have learned about using a Mac is that Apple does not produce very many free applications. The ones they do are typically not full featured and to get the full feature you need to buy their upgraded version. For example, when it comes to Photo editing and cataloging, iPhoto is not a solution for large files or RAW processing, you need Aperture which is a couple hundred dollars. I am not complaining because I like it when an application has a product team who generates revenue with it, because the chance of them being around longer seems to be higher. What is my point in all of this? Apple does not produce a product for blogging/journaling like Microsoft does with Windows Live Writer. I love Windows Live Writer. If you are on a Windows box, it is a required tool in your toolbox if you publish to a blog. The cleanness of the interface, integration with most blog APIs and ability to Save Local or Publish as a Draft make capturing your thoughts for publishing now or later a very easy task. My hope is that Microsoft will port it to the Mac, but I don’t believe that will ever happen as it is not a revenue generating product and Microsoft doesn’t often port to a Mac besides Remote Desktop Connection and MSN Messenger. For my configuration I used to use only Boot Camp on my two MacBook Pros I have owned in the past three years because I’m a PC, but after four different rebuilds (not typically due to Windows, but Boot Camp or Parallels) I decided to move off the Boot Camp platform and to VMWare Fusion. This is a complete separate blog post that I should spec out in MacJournal, but I now always boot into the Mac OS and use Fusion for my AJI Software VM or my client’s VMs. It just seems to work better for me and I have a very nice way to backup my Windows environments with VMWare.Needless to say, there was need in my new laptop configuration for a blogging tool that worked natively on a Mac. I don’t like to power up my machine for writing a document or working on an image and need to boot up a VM just so I can use Windows. Some would say why not just use a Windows laptop and put the MBP on eBay? It is just a preference and right now, I like the Mac OS for day to day work. So in comes MacJournal, part of the current MacHeist package for $19.95 (MacJournal is normally $39.95). This product is definitely not WLW, but WLW is missing some features I like in MacJournal. I hope the price point comes down on MacJournal cause I could see paying $19.95 for it, but it is always hard for me to buy a piece of software for $39.95 when I can use something else. But I am a cheapskate when it comes to software packages. I suggest if you are using a Mac to drop what you are doing pick up the MacHeist bundle today before it is over, but if you are reading this later, than download the trial and see if MacJournal is a solution for you. If you have any other suggestions that are as nice or cheaper, please comment.Product LinksMacJournal by Mariners Software $39.95 (part of MacHeist bundle for $19.95 with only one day left)Windows Live Writer by MicrosoftThis post was created using MacJournal.[Update: The joys of formatting. Make sure if you are a Geekswithblogs.net member that you use this configuration to setup the Metablog formatting of paragraphs correctly]

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• How can I back up my ubuntu system?

  - by Eloff

  I'm sure there's a lot of questions on here similar to this, and I've been reading them, but I still feel this warrants a new question. I want nightly, incremental backups (full disk images would waste a lot of space - unless compressed somehow.) Preferably rotating or deleting old backups when running out of space or after a fixed number of backups. I want to be able to quickly and painlessly restore my system from these backups. This is my first time running ubuntu as my main development machine and I know from my experience with it as a server and in virtual machines that I regularly manage to make it unbootable or damage it to the point of being unable to rescue it. So how would you recommend I do this? There are so many options out there I really don't know where to start. There seems to be a vocal school of thought that it's sufficient to backup your home directory and the list of installed packages from the package manager. I've already installed lots of things from source, or outside of the package manager (development tools, ides, compilers, graphics drivers, etc.) So at the very least, if I do not back up the operating system itself I need to grab all config files, all program binaries, all created but required files, etc. I'd rather backup too much than too little - an ubuntu install is tiny anyway. Also this drastically reduces the restore time, which would cost me more in my time than the extra storage space. I tried using Deja Dup to backup the root partition, excluding some things like /mnt /media /dev /proc etc. Although many websites assured me you can backup a running linux system this way - that seems to be false as it complained that it could not backup the following files: /boot/System.map-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/System.map-3.2.0-22-generic /boot/vmcoreinfo-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-17-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-22-generic /etc/.pwd.lock /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/LAN Connection /etc/apparmor.d/cache/lightdm-guest-session /etc/apparmor.d/cache/sbin.dhclient /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.bin.evince /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.lib.telepathy /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.sbin.cupsd /etc/apparmor.d/cache/usr.sbin.tcpdump /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg /etc/at.deny /etc/ati/inst_path_default /etc/ati/inst_path_override /etc/chatscripts /etc/cups/ssl /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf.O /etc/default/cacerts /etc/fuse.conf /etc/group- /etc/gshadow /etc/gshadow- /etc/mtab.fuselock /etc/passwd- /etc/ppp/chap-secrets /etc/ppp/pap-secrets /etc/ppp/peers /etc/security/opasswd /etc/shadow /etc/shadow- /etc/ssl/private /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/README /etc/ufw/after.rules /etc/ufw/after6.rules /etc/ufw/before.rules /etc/ufw/before6.rules /lib/ufw/user.rules /lib/ufw/user6.rules /lost+found /root /run/crond.reboot /run/cups/certs /run/lightdm /run/lock/whoopsie/lock /run/udisks /var/backups/group.bak /var/backups/gshadow.bak /var/backups/passwd.bak /var/backups/shadow.bak /var/cache/apt/archives/lock /var/cache/cups/job.cache /var/cache/cups/job.cache.O /var/cache/cups/ppds.dat /var/cache/debconf/passwords.dat /var/cache/ldconfig /var/cache/lightdm/dmrc /var/crash/_usr_lib_x86_64-linux-gnu_colord_colord.102.crash /var/lib/apt/lists/lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock /var/lib/dpkg/triggers/Lock /var/lib/lightdm /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db /var/lib/polkit-1 /var/lib/sudo /var/lib/urandom/random-seed /var/lib/ureadahead/pack /var/lib/ureadahead/run.pack /var/log/btmp /var/log/installer/casper.log /var/log/installer/debug /var/log/installer/partman /var/log/installer/syslog /var/log/installer/version /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log /var/log/speech-dispatcher /var/log/upstart/alsa-restore.log /var/log/upstart/alsa-restore.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/console-setup.log /var/log/upstart/console-setup.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/container-detect.log /var/log/upstart/container-detect.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/hybrid-gfx.log /var/log/upstart/hybrid-gfx.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/modemmanager.log /var/log/upstart/modemmanager.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/module-init-tools.log /var/log/upstart/module-init-tools.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/procps-static-network-up.log /var/log/upstart/procps-static-network-up.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/procps-virtual-filesystems.log /var/log/upstart/procps-virtual-filesystems.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/rsyslog.log /var/log/upstart/rsyslog.log.1.gz /var/log/upstart/ureadahead.log /var/log/upstart/ureadahead.log.1.gz /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily /var/spool/anacron/cron.monthly /var/spool/anacron/cron.weekly /var/spool/cron/atjobs /var/spool/cron/atspool /var/spool/cron/crontabs /var/spool/cups

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• Why did my flash drive become "read only" and (how) can I fix it?

  - by Bob

  I have a brand new flash drive (one week old) that has become marked as read only, by Windows, Kubuntu and a bootable partitioner. Why did this happen? Is it fixable? If it is, how can I fix this? The problem Firstly, this drive is new. It's certainly not been used enough to die from normal wear and tear, though I would not discount defective components. The drive itself has somehow become locked in a read only state. Windows' Disk management: Diskpart: Generic Flash Disk USB Device Disk ID: 33FA33FA Type : USB Status : Online Path : 0 Target : 0 LUN ID : 0 Location Path : UNAVAILABLE Current Read-only State : Yes Read-only : No Boot Disk : No Pagefile Disk : No Hibernation File Disk : No Crashdump Disk : No Clustered Disk : No What really confuses me is Current Read-only State : Yes and Read-only : No. Attempted solutions So far, I've tried: Formatting it in Windows (in Disk management, the format options are greyed out when right clicking). DiskPart Clean (CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk.): DISKPART> clean DiskPart has encountered an error: The media is write protected. See the System Event Log for more information. There was nothing in the event log. Windows command line format >format G: Insert new disk for drive G: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. Verifying 7740M Cannot format. This volume is write protected. Windows chkdsk: see below for details Kubuntu fsck (through VirtualBox USB passthrough): see below for details Acronis True Image to format, to convert to GPT, to destroy and rebuild MBR, basically anything: failed (could not write to MBR) Details (and a nice story) Background This was a brand new, generic, 8GB flash drive I wanted to create a multiboot flash drive with. It came formatted as FAT32, though oddly a little larger than most 8 GIGAbyte flash drives I've come across. Approximately 127MB was listed as "used" by Windows. I never discovered why. The end usable space was about what I normally expect from a 8GB drive (approx 7.4 GIBIbytes). I had thrown quite a few Linux distros on, along with a copy of Hiren's. They would all boot perfectly. They were put on with YUMI. When I tried to put the Knoppix DVD on, YUMI added an odd video option to its boot comman which caused Knoppix to boot with a black screen on X. ttys 1 through 6 still worked as text only interfaces. A few days later, I took some time to take that odd video option off, making the boot command match the one that comes with Knoppix. On the attempt to boot, Knoppix reported some form of LZMA corruption. Leading up to the current issue I was thinking the Knoppix files may have been corrupted somehow, so I tried reloading it. The drive was nearly full (45MB free), so I deleted a generic ISO that also was not booting. That went fine. I then went through YUMI to 'uninstall' Knoppix, i.e. delete files and remove from the menus. The files went first, then the menus were cleared successfully. However, the free space was stuck at about 700MB, same as it was before removing Knoppix. In the old Knoppix folder, there was a 0 byte file named KNOPPIX that could not be deleted. I tried reinserting the drive to delete this file - without safely removing, if that made a difference (hey, first time for everything). Running the standard Windows chkdsk scan without /r or /f reported errors found. Running with /r just got it stuck. I decided to give fsck a shot, so I loaded up my Kubuntu VM and attached the drive to it with VirtualBox's USB 2.0 passthrough. I umounted it (/dev/sda1) and ran a fsck. There are differences between boot sector and its backup. I chose No action. It told me FATs differ and asked me to select either the first or second FAT. Whichever I selected, I got a notice of Free cluster summary wrong. If I chose Correct, it gave a list of incorrect file names. To try to fix something, at least, I ran it with the -p option. Halfway through fixing the files, the VM froze - I ended its process about ten minutes later. Cause? My next attempt was to use YUMI, again, to rebuild the whole drive. I used YUMI's built in reformat (to FAT32) option and installed a Kubuntu ISO (700MB). The format was successful, however, the extract and copy of Kubuntu (which YUMI uses a 7zip binary for) froze at about 60% done. After waiting for about fifteen minutes (longer than the 3.5GB Knoppix ISO took last time), I pulled the drive out. The drive at this point was already formatted, SYSLINUX already installed, just waiting on the unpacking of an ISO and the modifying of the boot menus. Plugging it back in, it came up as normal - however, any write action would fail. Disk management reported it as read only. On reconnect, it would come up as normal but a write operation would cause it to go read only again. After a few attempts, it started coming up as read only on insertion. Attempts to fix This is when I ran through the attempts listed above, to try and reformat it in case of a faulty format. However the inability to do so even on a bootable disk indicated something more serious is wrong. chkdsk now reports nothing is wrong, and fsck still reports MBR inconsistencies, but now always chooses first FAT automatically after telling me FATs differ. It still does the same Free cluster summary wrong afterwards. I cannot run with -p anymore because it is now marked as read only. It also managed to corrupt my VM's disk somehow on the first attempt (yes, I'm sure I chose sda, which is mapped to a 7.4GB drive - I triple checked). Thank god for snapshots? I'm just about out of ideas. To my inexperienced mind it looks like something in the drive's firmware set it to read only "permanently" somehow - is there any way to reset this? I don't particularly care about keeping data, considering I've reformatted it twice. Also, fixes that keep me in Windows are better; it reduces the risk of me accidentally nuking my main hard drive. Update 1: I pulled apart the drive out of curiosity. As you can see, there are no obvious write protect switches. There is an IC on the other side, ALCOR branded labelled AU6989HL, if that matters. If there appears to be no way to fix this, I'll probably pull out the (glued down) card and put it in a card reader to check if it's the card or the controller that died. Update 2: I've pulled the card off, Windows detects the drive as a card reader now. The contacts on the card don't appear to be used, and there are several rows of holes on the card itself. Putting it into the card reader only detects about 30MB total, RAW. It's probably either the reader incorrectly reporting the card as faulty (as if a real SD card's write protect was switched on) or a bad contact somewhere. If nothing else, I have a spare 8GB Micro SD card now... as soon as I figure out how to format it as 8GB.

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• Not enough free disk space

  - by carmatt95

  I'm new to Ubuntu and I'm getting an error in software updater. When I try and do my daily updates, it says: The upgrade needs a total of 25.3 M free space on disk /boot. Please free at least an additional 25.3 M of disk space on /boot. Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations using sudo apt-get clean. I tried typing in sudo apt-get clean into the terminal but I still get the message. All of the pages I read seem to be for experianced Ubuntuers. Any help would be appreciated. I'm running Ubuntu 12.10. I want to upgrade to 13.04 but understand I have to finish these first. EDIT: @Alaa, This is the output from typing in cat /etc/fstab into the terminal: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=fa55c082-112d-4b10-bcf3-e7ffec6cebbc /boot ext2 defaults 0 2 /dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ df -h: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/ubuntu-root 915G 27G 842G 4% / udev 984M 4.0K 984M 1% /dev tmpfs 397M 1.1M 396M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 992M 1.8M 990M 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sda1 228M 222M 0 100% /boot matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$ dpkg -l | grep linux-image: ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic 3.5.0-18.29 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic 3.5.0-19.30 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-21-generic 3.5.0-21.32 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-22-generic 3.5.0-22.34 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-23-generic 3.5.0-23.35 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-24-generic 3.5.0-24.37 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-25-generic 3.5.0-25.39 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP ii linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic 3.5.0-26.42 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP iF linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic 3.5.0-28.48 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

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• Hard disk with bad clusters

  - by Dan

  I have been trying to backup some files up to DVD recently, and the burn process failed saying the CRC check failed for certain files. I then tried to browse to these files in Windows explorer and my whole machine locks up and I have to reboot. I ran check disk without the '/F /R' arguments and it told me I had bad sectors. So I re-ran it with the arguments and check disk fails during the 'Chkdsk is verifying usn journal' stage with this error: Insufficient disk space to fix the usn journal $j data stream The hard disk is a 300GB Partition on a 400GB Disk, and there is 160GBs of free space on the partition. My os (Windows 7) is installed on the other partition and is running fine. Any idea how I fix this? or repair it enough to copy my files off it?

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• Growing the size of a VM's disk in VMware

  - by soandos

  I have a VM that I originally gave 10 GB to (using VMware workstation, and Ubuntu 11.10 is the guest OS). I now wish to add to that. I have seen the option to expand the disk size, but all that does is create a new "partition" that Ubuntu can see. Is there a way to expand the size of the primary partition that the guest OS is using? NOTE: I have seen something regarding doing this for a regular Ubunbu OS that requires a boot disk. Is there a way that I can apply that to this VM case? Using Windows 7 64-bit as the host OS EDIT: To be clear, I am trying to resize the boot partition. Edit 2: GParted's resize option is greyed out.

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• Installing Fedora 11 fIlesystem from ISO in to a VM image

  - by okhalid

  Hi, I need to install Fedora 11 in my monitor-less linux box which is running some where in a data center. I will use Fedora 11 as a virtual machine. What I already know/have: 1) How to create LVM partitions and create ext3 filesystem 2) Mount the LVM partition and ISO image 3) Run the partition with Xen as a virtual machine What I need: 1) I need to install Fedora ll file system into an lvm partition (let's say /dev/fedora11) from an ISO image so that I have all the directories /root, /bin, /sys etc etc under /dev/fedora11 Any help would be much appreciated! NOTE: I don't have a monitor for this server, so I need to do it via SSH

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• Recovering with DDRescue Cannot Complete (write error: Read-only file system)

  - by c00lryguy

  I'm trying to recover a corrupt VDI using vdfuse to mount the VDI and using dd_rescue to rescue the borked partition. dd_rescue seems to be working fine but once it reached about half of the partition, it just STOPs and gives the following error: ddrescue: write error: Read-only file system Wait.. what? It suddenly turns the FS it is writing the recovered partition to into a read-only file system. Well... why? Will I never be able to finish this? What's going on?

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• How to install Mac OS X from Windows without a CD

  - by John Smith

  I have two partitions, one for windows the other for Mac OS X. Recently, my Mac OS X crashed and my partition rendered unbootable. When I insert Mac OS X's installation CD everything seems normal from startup, to choosing whether to boot from Windows or CD, until the CD boots. The screen flickers and it becomes extremely dark can barely see anything but I can see that it is booted correctly. I tried increasing brightness but that did not work. After hours of trying to read what is on the screen and guessing where to click the installation did not go through... It took more than a couple of hours so I restarted. Now the partition is accessible through Windows but is not bootable. TL;DR Is it possible to install Mac OS X on a visible partition without the CD through Windows XP?... Thanks

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