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  • Poll Results: Foreign Key Constraints

    - by Darren Gosbell
    A few weeks ago I did the following post asking people – if they used foreign key constraints in their star schemas. The poll is still open if you are interested in adding to it, but here is what the chart looks like as of today. (at the bottom of the poll itself there is a link to the live results, unfortunately I cannot link the live results in here as the blogging platform blocks the required javascript)   Interestingly the results are fairly even. Of the 78 respondents, fractionally over half at least aim to start with referential integrity in their star schemas. I did not want to influence the results by sharing my opinion, but my personal preference is to always aim to have foreign key constraints. But at the same time, I am pragmatic about it, I do have projects where for various reasons some constraints are not defined. And I also have other designs that I have inherited, where it would just be too much work to go back and add foreign key constraints. If you are going to implement foreign keys in your star schema, they really need to be there at the start. In fact this poll was was the result of a feature request for BIDSHelper asking for a feature to check for null/missing foreign keys and I am entirely convinced that BIDS is the wrong place for this sort of functionality. BIDS is a design tool, your data needs to be constantly checked for consistency. It's not that I think that it's impossible to get a design working without foreign key constraints, but I like the idea of failing as soon as possible if there is an error and enforcing foreign key constraints lets me "fail early" if there are constancy issues with my data. By far the biggest concern with foreign keys is performance and I suppose I'm curious as to how often people actually measure and quantify this. I worked on a project a number of years ago that had very large data volumes and we did find that foreign key constraints did have a measurable impact, but what we did was to disable the constraints before loading the data, then enabled and checked them afterwards. This saved as time (although not as much as not having constraints at all), but still let us know early in the process if there were any consistency issues. For the people that do not have consistent data, if you have ETL processes that you control that are building your star schema which you also control, then to be blunt you only have yourself to blame. It is the job of the ETL process to make the data consistent. There are techniques for handling situations like missing data as well as  early and late arriving data. Ralph Kimball's book – The Data Warehouse Toolkit goes through some design patterns for handling data consistency. Having foreign key relationships can also help the relational engine to optimize queries as noted in this recent blog post by Boyan Penev

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  • Different function returns from command line and within function

    - by Myx
    Hello: I have an extremely bizzare situation: I have a function in MATLAB which calls three other main functions and produces two figures for me. The function reads in an input jpeg image, crops it, segments it using kmeans clustering, and outputs 2 figures to the screen - the original image and the clustered image with the cluster centers indicated. Here is the function in MATLAB: function [textured_avg_x photo_avg_x] = process_database_images() clear all warning off %#ok type_num_max = 3; % type is 1='texture', 2='graph', or 3='photo' type_num_max = 1; img_max_num_photo = 100; % 400 photo images img_max_num_other = 100; % 100 textured, and graph images for type_num = 1:2:type_num_max if(type_num == 3) img_num_max = img_max_num_photo; else img_num_max = img_max_num_other; end img_num_max = 1; for img_num = 1:img_num_max [type img] = load_image(type_num, img_num); %img = imread('..\images\445.jpg'); img = crop_image(img); [IDX k block_bounds features] = segment_image(img); end end end The function segment_image first shows me the color image that was passed in, performs kmeans clustering, and outputs the clustered image. When I run this function on a particular image, I get 3 clusters (which is not what I expect to get). When I run the following commands from the MATLAB command prompt: >> img = imread('..\images\texture\1.jpg'); >> img = crop_image(img); >> segment_image(img); then the first image that is displayed by segment_image is the same as when I run the function (so I know that the clustering is done on the same image) but the number of clusters is 16 (which is what I expect). In fact, when I run my process_database_images() function on my entire image database, EVERY image is evaluated to have 3 clusters (this is a problem), whereas when I test some images individually, I get in the range of 12-16 clusters, which is what I prefer and expect. Why is there such a discrepancy? Am I having some syntax bug in my process_database_images() function? If more code is required from me (i.e. segment_images function, or crop_image function), please let me know. Thanks.

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  • MATLAB: different function returns from command line and within function

    - by Myx
    Hello: I have an extremely bizzare situation: I have a function in MATLAB which calls three other main functions and produces two figures for me. The function reads in an input jpeg image, crops it, segments it using kmeans clustering, and outputs 2 figures to the screen - the original image and the clustered image with the cluster centers indicated. Here is the function in MATLAB: function [textured_avg_x photo_avg_x] = process_database_images() clear all warning off %#ok type_num_max = 3; % type is 1='texture', 2='graph', or 3='photo' type_num_max = 1; img_max_num_photo = 100; % 400 photo images img_max_num_other = 100; % 100 textured, and graph images for type_num = 1:2:type_num_max if(type_num == 3) img_num_max = img_max_num_photo; else img_num_max = img_max_num_other; end img_num_max = 1; for img_num = 1:img_num_max [type img] = load_image(type_num, img_num); %img = imread('..\images\445.jpg'); img = crop_image(img); [IDX k block_bounds features] = segment_image(img); end end end The function segment_image first shows me the color image that was passed in, performs kmeans clustering, and outputs the clustered image. When I run this function on a particular image, I get 3 clusters (which is not what I expect to get). When I run the following commands from the MATLAB command prompt: >> img = imread('..\images\texture\1.jpg'); >> img = crop_image(img); >> segment_image(img); then the first image that is displayed by segment_image is the same as when I run the function (so I know that the clustering is done on the same image) but the number of clusters is 16 (which is what I expect). In fact, when I run my process_database_images() function on my entire image database, EVERY image is evaluated to have 3 clusters (this is a problem), whereas when I test some images individually, I get in the range of 12-16 clusters, which is what I prefer and expect. Why is there such a discrepancy? Am I having some syntax bug in my process_database_images() function? If more code is required from me (i.e. segment_images function, or crop_image function), please let me know. Thanks.

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  • MySQL Error 1452 - Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails

    - by dscher
    I've looked at other people's questions on this topic but can't seem to find where my error is coming from. Any help would be greatly appreciated. I'm including as much as I can think of that might help find the problem: CREATE TABLE stocks ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL, user_id INT(11) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, ticker VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(20), rating INT(11), position ENUM("strong buy", "buy", "sell", "strong sell", "neutral"), next_look DATE, privacy ENUM("public", "private"), PRIMARY KEY(id), FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `stocks_tags` ( `stock_id` INT NOT NULL, `tag_id` INT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`stock_id`,`tag_id`), KEY `fk_stock_tag` (`tag_id`), KEY `fk_tag_stock` (`stock_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; ALTER TABLE `stocks_tags` ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_stock_tag` FOREIGN KEY (`tag_id`) REFERENCES `tags` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_tag_stock` FOREIGN KEY (`stock_id`) REFERENCES `stocks` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE; CREATE TABLE tags( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, tags VARCHAR(30), UNIQUE(tags) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; And the error I'm getting: Database_Exception [ 1452 ]: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`ddmachine`.`stocks_tags`, CONSTRAINT `fk_stock_tag` FOREIGN KEY (`tag_id`) REFERENCES `tags` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE) [ INSERT INTO `stocks_tags` (`stock_id`, `tag_id`) VALUES (19, 'cash') ] I did see that someone else had a similar problem based on their enum columns but don't think that's it.

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  • Foreign keys with Rails' ActiveRecord::Migration?

    - by Earlz
    Hello, I'm new to Ruby on Rails (I know Ruby just decently though) and looking at the Migration tools, it sounds really awesome. Database schemas can finally (easily) go in source control. Now my problem with it. When using Postgres as the database, it does not setup foreign keys. I would like the benefits of foreign keys in my schema such as referential integrity. So how do I apply foreign keys with Migrations?

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  • Foreign keys vs partitioning

    - by Industrial
    Hi! Since foreign keys are not supported by partitioned mySQL databases for the moment, I would like to hear some pro's and con's for a read-heavy application that will handle around 1-400 000 rows per table. Unfortunately, I dont have enough experience yet in this area to make the conclusion by myself... Thanks a lot! References: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1537219/how-to-handle-foreign-key-while-partitioning http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2496140/mysql-partitioning-with-foreign-keys

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  • Foreign key,local key?

    - by user198729
    CREATE TABLE products ( id integer unsigned auto_increment primary key ) ENGINE=INNODB; CREATE TABLE orders ( id integer PRIMARY KEY auto_increment, product_id integer unsigned, quantity integer, INDEX product_id_idx (product_id), FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES products (id) ) ENGINE=INNODB; Here the products and orders obviously have some kind of relation--foreign key relation. Also a coin has two sides,so I'm doubting how do we say which table is the foreign key side or local key side?

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  • Foreign keys in MySQL?

    - by icco
    I have been slowly learning SQL the last few weeks. I've picked up all of the relational algebra and the basics of how relational databases work. What I'm trying to do now is learn how it's implemented. A stumbling block I've come across in this, is foreign keys in MySQL. I can't seem to find much about the other than that they exist in the InnoDB storage schema that MySQL has. What is a simple example of foreign keys implemented in MySQL? Here's part of a schema I wrote that doesn't seem to be working if you would rather point out my flaw than show me a working example. CREATE TABLE `posts` ( `pID` bigint(20) NOT NULL auto_increment, `content` text NOT NULL, `time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `uID` bigint(20) NOT NULL, `wikiptr` bigint(20) default NULL, `cID` bigint(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`pID`), Foreign Key(`cID`) references categories, Foreign Key(`uID`) references users ) ENGINE=InnoDB;

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  • Please help me to create a insert query (error of foreign key constrant)

    - by Rajesh Rolen- DotNet Developer
    I want to move data from one database's table to another database's table its giving me foreign key error. please tell me how can i insert all those data which is valid except those rows who have error of foreign key. i am using sql server 2005 My query is : SET IDENTITY_INSERT City ON INSERT INTO City ([cityid],[city],[country],[state],[cityinfo] ,[enabled],[countryid],[citycode],[stateid],[latitude],[longitude]) SELECT [cityid],[city],[country],[state],[cityinfo] ,[enabled],[countryid],[citycode],[stateid],[latitude],[longitude] FROM TD.DBo.City getting this error: The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK__city__countryid__3E52440B". The conflict occurred in database "schoolHigher", table "dbo.country", column 'countryId'. please tell how can i move those data whose foreign key is valid.

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  • Foreign Key Relationships and "belongs to many"

    - by jan
    I have the following model: S belongs to T T has many S A,B,C,D,E (etc) have 1 T each, so the T should belong to each of A,B,C,D,E (etc) At first I set up my foreign keys so that in A, fk_a_t would be the foreign key on A.t to T(id), in B it'd be fk_b_t, etc. Everything looks fine in my UML (using MySQLWorkBench), but generating the yii models results in it thinking that T has many A,B,C,D (etc) which to me is the reverse. It sounds to me like either I need to have A_T, B_T, C_T (etc) tables, but this would be a pain as there are a lot of tables that have this relationship. I've also googled that the better way to do this would be some sort of behavior, such that A,B,C,D (etc) can behave as a T, but I'm not clear on exactly how to do this (I will continue to google more on this) What do you think is the better solution? UML: Here's the DDL (auto generated). Just pretend that there is more than 3 tables referencing T. -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`T` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`T` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE = InnoDB; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`S` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`S` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `thing` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `t` INT NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , INDEX `fk_S_T` (`id` ASC) , CONSTRAINT `fk_S_T` FOREIGN KEY (`id` ) REFERENCES `mydb`.`T` (`id` ) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION) ENGINE = InnoDB; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`A` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`A` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `T` INT NOT NULL , `stuff` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `bar` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `foo` VARCHAR(45) NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , INDEX `fk_A_T` (`T` ASC) , CONSTRAINT `fk_A_T` FOREIGN KEY (`T` ) REFERENCES `mydb`.`T` (`id` ) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION) ENGINE = InnoDB; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`B` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`B` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `T` INT NOT NULL , `stuff2` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `foobar` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `other` VARCHAR(45) NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , INDEX `fk_A_T` (`T` ASC) , CONSTRAINT `fk_A_T` FOREIGN KEY (`T` ) REFERENCES `mydb`.`T` (`id` ) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION) ENGINE = InnoDB; -- ----------------------------------------------------- -- Table `mydb`.`C` -- ----------------------------------------------------- CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `mydb`.`C` ( `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `T` INT NOT NULL , `stuff3` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `foobar2` VARCHAR(45) NULL , `other4` VARCHAR(45) NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , INDEX `fk_A_T` (`T` ASC) , CONSTRAINT `fk_A_T` FOREIGN KEY (`T` ) REFERENCES `mydb`.`T` (`id` ) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION) ENGINE = InnoDB;

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  • Foreign key not working in MySQL: Why can I INSERT a value that's not in the foreign column?

    - by stalepretzel
    I've created a table in MySQL: CREATE TABLE actions ( A_id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, type ENUM('rate','report','submit','edit','delete') NOT NULL, Q_id int NOT NULL, U_id int NOT NULL, date DATE NOT NULL, time TIME NOT NULL, rate tinyint(1), PRIMARY KEY (A_id), CONSTRAINT fk_Question FOREIGN KEY (Q_id) REFERENCES questions(P_id), CONSTRAINT fk_User FOREIGN KEY (U_id) REFERENCES users(P_id)); This created the table I wanted just fine (although a "DESCRIBE actions;" command showed me that the foreign keys were keys of type MUL, and I'm not sure what this means). However, when I try to enter a Q_id or a U_id that does not exist in the questions or users tables, MySQL still allows these values. What did I do wrong? How can I prevent a table with a foreign key from accepting invalid data? If I add TYPE=InnoDB to the end, I get an error: ERROR 1005 (HY000): Can't create table './quotes/actions.frm' (errno: 150) Why might that happen? I'm told that it's important to enforce data integrity with functional foreign keys, but also that InnoDB should not be used with MySQL. What do you recommend?

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  • Creating a foreign key in MySQL produces error:

    - by SnOrfus
    I'm trying to create a foreign key on a table in MySQL and I'm getting a strange error that there seems to be little info about in any of my searches. I'm creating the key with this (emitted from mysql workbench 5.2): ALTER TABLE `db`.`appointment` ADD CONSTRAINT `FK_appointment_CancellationID` FOREIGN KEY (`CancellationID` ) REFERENCES `db`.`appointment_cancellation` (`ID` ) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION , ADD INDEX `FK_appointment_CancellationID` (`CancellationID` ASC) ; at which point I get the error: ERROR 1452: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (alarmtekcore., CONSTRAINT FK_lead_appointment_CancellationID FOREIGN KEY (CancellationID) REFERENCES lead_appointment_cancellation (`) I've checked here but there's no data in the table.

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  • MySQL Removing Some Foreign keys

    - by Drew
    I have a table whose primary key is used in several other tables and has several foreign keys to other tables. CREATE TABLE location ( locationID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ... ) ENGINE = InnoDB; CREATE TABLE assignment ( assignmentID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, locationID INT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY locationIDX (locationID) REFERENCES location (locationID) ... ) ENGINE = InnoDB; CREATE TABLE assignmentStuff ( ... assignmentID INT NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY assignmentIDX (assignmentID) REFERENCES assignment (assignmentID) ) ENGINE = InnoDB; The problem is that when I'm trying to drop one of the foreign key columns (ie locationIDX) it gives me an "ERROR 1025 (HY000): Error on rename" error. How can I drop the column in the assignment table above without getting this error?

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  • foreign key and index issue

    - by George2
    Hello everyone, I am using SQL Server 2008 Enterprise. I have a table and one of its column is referring to another column in another table (in the same database) as foreign key, here is the related SQL statement, in more details, column [AnotherID] in table [Foo] refers to another table [Goo]'s column [GID] as foreign key. [GID] is primary key and clustered index on table [Goo]. My question is, in this way, if I do not create index on [AnotherID] column on [Foo] explicitly, will there be an index created automatically for [AnotherID] column on [Foo] -- because its foreign key reference column [GID] on table [Goo] already has primary clustered key index? CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Foo]( [ID] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [AnotherID] [int] NULL, [InsertTime] [datetime] NULL CONSTRAINT DEFAULT (getdate()), CONSTRAINT [PK_Foo] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ID] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Foo] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Foo] FOREIGN KEY([Goo]) REFERENCES [dbo].[Goo] ([GID]) ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Foo] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_Foo] thanks in advance, George

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  • When to use a foreign key in MySQL

    - by Mel
    Is there official guidance or a threshold to indicate when it is best practice to use a foreign key in a MySQL database? Suppose you created a table for movies. One way to do it is to integrate the producer and director data into the same table. (movieID, movieName, directorName, producerName). However, suppose most directors and producers have worked on many movies. Would it be best to create two other tables for producers and directors, and use a foreign key in the movie table? When does it become best practice to do this? When many of the directors and producers are appearing several times in the column? Or is it best practice to employ a foreign key approach at the start? While it seems more efficient to use a foreign key, it also raises the complexity of the database. So when does the trade off between complexity and normalization become worth it? I'm not sure if there is a threshold or a certain number of cell repetitions that makes it more sensible to use a foreign key. I'm thinking about a database that will be used by hundreds of users, many concurrently. Many thanks!

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  • Discover intended Foreign Keys from JOINS in scripts

    - by Jason
    I'm inheriting a database that has 400 tables and only 150 foreign key constraints registered. Knowing what I do about the application and looking at the table columns, it's easy to say that there ought to be a lot more. I'm afraid that the current application software will break if I started adding the missing FKs because the developers have probably come to rely on this "freedom", but step one in fixing the problem is to come up with the list of missing FKs so we can evaluate them as a team. To make matters worse, the referencing columns don't share a naming convention. The relationships ARE coded informally into the hundreds of ad-hoc queries and stored procedures, so my hope is to parse these files programmatically looking for JOINS between actual tables (but not table variables, etc). Challenges I foresee in this approach are: newlines, optional aliases and table hints, alias resolution. Any better ideas? (Besides quitting) Are there any pre-built tools that can solve this? I don't think regex can handle this. Do you disagree? SQL Parsers? I tried using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SqlParser.Parser but all that is exposed is the lexer - can't get an AST out of it - all that stuff is internal.

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  • SQL SERVER – Function: Is Function – SQL in Sixty Seconds #004 – Video

    - by pinaldave
    Today is February 29th. An unique date which we only get to observe once every four year. Year 2012 is leap year and SQL Server 2012 is also releasing this year. Yesterday I wrote an article where we have seen observed how using four different function we can create another function which can accurately validate if any year is leap year or not. We will use three functions newly introduced in SQL Server 2012 and demonstrate how we can find if any year is leap year or not. This function uses three of the SQL Server 2012 functions - IIF, EOMONTH and CONCAT. When I wrote this function, this is the sortest function I ever wrote to find out leap year. Please watch the video and let me know if any shorter function can be written to find leap year. More on Leap Yer: Detecting Leap Year in T-SQL using SQL Server 2012 – IIF, EOMONTH and CONCAT Function Date and Time Functions – EOMONTH() – A Quick Introduction Script/Function to Find Last Day of Month  I encourage you to submit your ideas for SQL in Sixty Seconds. We will try to accommodate as many as we can. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Database, Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL in Sixty Seconds, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLServer, T SQL, Video

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  • Call a void* as a function without declaring a function pointer

    - by ToxIk
    I've searched but couldn't find any results (my terminology may be off) so forgive me if this has been asked before. I was wondering if there is an easy way to call a void* as a function in C without first declaring a function pointer and then assigning the function pointer the address; ie. assuming the function to be called is type void(void) void *ptr; ptr = <some address>; ((void*())ptr)(); /* call ptr as function here */ with the above code, I get error C2066: cast to function type is illegal in VC2008 If this is possible, how would the syntax differ for functions with return types and multiple parameters?

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  • JS function returning another function

    - by Michael
    I want to understand about variables, that has been used in returning function. This is example code Prototype = {} Prototype.F = { bind: function() { var args = arguments, __method = args.shift(), object = args.shift(); return function() { return __method.apply(object, args.concat(arguments)); } } } function ObjectA() { ... this.addListener = Prototype.F.bind(this.eventSource.addListener, this.eventSource); ... } var a = ObjectA(); a.addListener(this); // assuming 'this' here will point to some window object As I understand the returning function in F() is not evaluated until it's called in the last line. It's ok to accept. So addListener will hold a function body containing 'apply'. But what I don't understand, when addListener is called, what kind of parameters it is going to have? particularly _method and args will always be uninitialized?

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  • how to pass arguments into function within a function in r

    - by jon
    I am writing function that involve other function from base R with alot of arguments. For example (real function is much longer): myfunction <- function (dataframe, Colv = NA) { matrix <- as.matrix (dataframe) out <- heatmap(matrix, Colv = Colv) return(out) } data(mtcars) myfunction (mtcars, Colv = NA) The heatmap has many arguments that can be passed to: heatmap(x, Rowv=NULL, Colv=if(symm)"Rowv" else NULL, distfun = dist, hclustfun = hclust, reorderfun = function(d,w) reorder(d,w), add.expr, symm = FALSE, revC = identical(Colv, "Rowv"), scale=c("row", "column", "none"), na.rm = TRUE, margins = c(5, 5), ColSideColors, RowSideColors, cexRow = 0.2 + 1/log10(nr), cexCol = 0.2 + 1/log10(nc), labRow = NULL, labCol = NULL, main = NULL, xlab = NULL, ylab = NULL, keep.dendro = FALSE, verbose = getOption("verbose"), ...) I want to use these arguments without listing them inside myfun. myfunction (mtcars, Colv = NA, col = topo.colors(16)) Error in myfunction(mtcars, Colv = NA, col = topo.colors(16)) : unused argument(s) (col = topo.colors(16)) I tried the following but do not work: myfunction <- function (dataframe, Colv = NA) { matrix <- as.matrix (dataframe) out <- heatmap(matrix, Colv = Colv, ....) return(out) } data(mtcars) myfunction (mtcars, Colv = NA, col = topo.colors(16))

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  • Flash Builder 4: Call main function from a component function

    - by hyper
    i try to make a login sistem in flex, and my app looks like this: i have a main.mxml. when the app loads, a function named "start" is called. it verifies if the user is logged in or not. if "true" the user is redirected to a dashboard, if "false", a component named login is loaded. my login.mxml component has 2 input boxes (user & pass) and a "Submit" button. when the button is pressed a function named "send_login" sends the user and the pass values to the server. My problem sounds like this: when i press the Submit button in my login component, after user and pass are sended... i want to call again the "start" function from my main.mxml to check again if the user is logged in or not... i need some kind of as2 "_root" this is how my code looks: main.mxml public function start():void { currentState="Start"; loginstatus(); } login.mxml private function send_login(event:Event):void { ... bla bla send user and pass.... scriptLoader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, handleLoadSuccessful); } private function handleLoadSuccessful(evt:Event):void { trace("Data sent."); start(); <-- HERE i want to call the function from main.mxml } any help is welcomed!

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  • What is the merit of the "function" type (not "pointer to function")

    - by anatolyg
    Reading the C++ Standard, i see that there are "function" types and "pointer to function" types: typedef int func(int); // function typedef int (*pfunc)(int); // pointer to function typedef func* pfunc; // same as above I have never seen the function types used outside of examples (or maybe i didn't recognize their usage?). Some examples: func increase, decrease; // declares two functions int increase(int), decrease(int); // same as above int increase(int x) {return x + 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions int decrease(int x) {return x - 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions struct mystruct { func add, subtract, multiply; // declares three member functions int member; }; int mystruct::add(int x) {return x + member;} // cannot use the typedef int mystruct::subtract(int x) {return x - member;} int main() { func k; // the syntax is correct but the variable k is useless! mystruct myobject; myobject.member = 4; cout << increase(5) << ' ' << decrease(5) << '\n'; // outputs 6 and 4 cout << myobject.add(5) << ' ' << myobject.subtract(5) << '\n'; // 9 and 1 } Seeing that the function types support syntax that doesn't appear in C (declaring member functions), i guess they are not just a part of C baggage that C++ has to support for backward compatibility. So is there any use for function types, other than demonstrating some funky syntax?

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  • Function lfit in numerical recipes, providing a test function

    - by Simon Walker
    Hi I am trying to fit collected data to a polynomial equation and I found the lfit function from Numerical Recipes. I only have access to the second edition, so am using that. I have read about the lfit function and its parameters, one of which is a function pointer, given in the documentation as void (*funcs)(float, float [], int)) with the help The user supplies a routine funcs(x,afunc,ma) that returns the ma basis functions evaluated at x = x in the array afunc[1..ma]. I am struggling to understand how this lfit function works. An example function I found is given below: void fpoly(float x, float p[], int np) /*Fitting routine for a polynomial of degree np-1, with coe?cients in the array p[1..np].*/ { int j; p[1]=1.0; for (j=2;j<=np;j++) p[j]=p[j-1]*x; } When I run through the source code for the lfit function in gdb I can see no reference to the funcs pointer. When I try and fit a simple data set with the function, I get the following error message. Numerical Recipes run-time error... gaussj: Singular Matrix ...now exiting to system... Clearly somehow a matrix is getting defined with all zeroes. I am going to involve this function fitting in a large loop so using another language is not really an option. Hence why I am planning on using C/C++. For reference, the test program is given here: int main() { float x[5] = {0., 0., 1., 2., 3.}; float y[5] = {0., 0., 1.2, 3.9, 7.5}; float sig[5] = {1., 1., 1., 1., 1.}; int ndat = 4; int ma = 4; /* parameters in equation */ float a[5] = {1, 1, 1, 0.1, 1.5}; int ia[5] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1}; float **covar = matrix(1, ma, 1, ma); float chisq = 0; lfit(x,y,sig,ndat,a,ia,ma,covar,&chisq,fpoly); printf("%f\n", chisq); free_matrix(covar, 1, ma, 1, ma); return 0; } Also confusing the issue, all the Numerical Recipes functions are 1 array-indexed so if anyone has corrections to my array declarations let me know also! Cheers

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