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• SNMP - So I have a MIB. Now What?

  - by senfo

  I can't seem to get my head wrapped around the purpose of a MIB. I have a collection of ~20 MIB files that were supplied to me by the vendor, but what do I do with them? I also have a few OID's that were supplied by the vendor that don't seem to be valid. When I issue an "snmpget -v1 -c public 192.168.0.123 .1.4.6.3.2.6.2" (assume that's a valid OID), I get an error indicating the variable is unknown. Does this sound like a hardware configuration problem? Do I need to "load" (for lack of better words) the MIB into the device? Unfortunately, the vendor has been completely unresponsive with returning emails to my questions, so any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• windows 2008r2 SNMP hrStorageSize reporting wrong values

  - by Giannis Nohj

  I'm trying to monitor disks on windows 2008 R2 system, but I'm getting wrong values returned from hrStorageSize and hrStorageUsed for one of the 2 disks the system has. Local disk C: is returning correct values, whereas D: disk, which is an SAN disk, is reporting 32G instead of 500G. Output of snmpwalk -v 2c -c public hostname-01 .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2 : HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr.1 = STRING: C:\ Label: Serial Number 7ff87ca6 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr.2 = STRING: D:\ Label:Data Serial Number dab5b0b9 ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits.1 = INTEGER: 4096 Bytes HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits.2 = INTEGER: 4096 Bytes ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize.1 = INTEGER: 35834383 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize.2 = INTEGER: 7864320 ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed.1 = INTEGER: 32460169 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed.2 = INTEGER: 3192302 I have calculated the first disk (C:) size as 136G, which is correct. On the other hand, D: is calculated as 30G, where it should be 500G. I also tried fsutil on the system and the output was correct. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Oracle Solaris Cluster 4.2 Event and its SNMP Interface

  - by user12609115

  Background The cluster event SNMP interface was first introduced in Oracle Solaris Cluster 3.2 release. The details of the SNMP interface are described in the Oracle Solaris Cluster System Administration Guide and the Cluster 3.2 SNMP blog. Prior to the Oracle Solaris Cluster 4.2 release, when the event SNMP interface was enabled, it would take effect on WARNING or higher severity events. The events with WARNING or higher severity are usually for the status change of a cluster component from ONLINE to OFFLINE. The interface worked like an alert/alarm interface when some components in the cluster were out of service (changed to OFFLINE). The consumers of this interface could not get notification for all status changes and configuration changes in the cluster. Cluster Event and its SNMP Interface in Oracle Solaris Cluster 4.2 The user model of the cluster event SNMP interface is the same as what was provided in the previous releases. The cluster event SNMP interface is not enabled by default on a freshly installed cluster; you can enable it by using the cluster event SNMP administration commands on any cluster nodes. Usually, you only need to enable it on one of the cluster nodes or a subset of the cluster nodes because all cluster nodes get the same cluster events. When it is enabled, it is responsible for two basic tasks. • Logs up to 100 most recent NOTICE or higher severity events to the MIB. • Sends SNMP traps to the hosts that are configured to receive the above events. The changes in the Oracle Solaris Cluster 4.2 release are1) Introduction of the NOTICE severity for the cluster configuration and status change events.The NOTICE severity is introduced for the cluster event in the 4.2 release. It is the severity between the INFO and WARNING severity. Now all severities for the cluster events are (from low to high) • INFO (not exposed to the SNMP interface) • NOTICE (newly introduced in the 4.2 release) • WARNING • ERROR • CRITICAL • FATAL In the 4.2 release, the cluster event system is enhanced to make sure at least one event with the NOTICE or a higher severity will be generated when there is a configuration or status change from a cluster component instance. In other words, the cluster events from a cluster with the NOTICE or higher severities will cover all status and configuration changes in the cluster (include all component instances). The cluster component instance here refers to an instance of the following cluster componentsnode, quorum, resource group, resource, network interface, device group, disk, zone cluster and geo cluster heartbeat. For example, pnode1 is an instance of the cluster node component, and oracleRG is an instance of the cluster resource group. With the introduction of the NOTICE severity event, when the cluster event SNMP interface is enabled, the consumers of the SNMP interface will get notification for all status and configuration changes in the cluster. A thrid-party system management platform with the cluster SNMP interface integration can generate alarms and clear alarms programmatically, because it can get notifications for the status change from ONLINE to OFFLINE and also from OFFLINE to ONLINE. 2) Customization for the cluster event SNMP interface • The number of events logged to the MIB is 100. When the number of events stored in the MIB reaches 100 and a new qualified event arrives, the oldest event will be removed before storing the new event to the MIB (FIFO, first in, first out). The 100 is the default and minimum value for the number of events stored in the MIB. It can be changed by setting the log_number property value using the clsnmpmib command. The maximum number that can be set for the property is 500. • The cluster event SNMP interface takes effect on the NOTICE or high severity events. The NOTICE severity is also the default and lowest event severity for the SNMP interface. The SNMP interface can be configured to take effect on other higher severity events, such as WARNING or higher severity events by setting the min_severity property to the WARNING. When the min_severity property is set to the WARNING, the cluster event SNMP interface would behave the same as the previous releases (prior to the 4.2 release). Examples, • Set the number of events stored in the MIB to 200 # clsnmpmib set -p log_number=200 event • Set the interface to take effect on WARNING or higher severity events. # clsnmpmib set -p min_severity=WARNING event Administering the Cluster Event SNMP Interface Oracle Solaris Cluster provides the following three commands to administer the SNMP interface. • clsnmpmib: administer the SNMP interface, and the MIB configuration. • clsnmphost: administer hosts for the SNMP traps • clsnmpuser: administer SNMP users (specific for SNMP v3 protocol) Only clsnmpmib is changed in the 4.2 release to support the aforementioned customization of the SNMP interface. Here are some simple examples using the commands. Examples: 1. Enable the cluster event SNMP interface on the local node # clsnmpmib enable event 2. Display the status of the cluster event SNMP interface on the local node # clsnmpmib show -v 3. Configure my_host to receive the cluster event SNMP traps. # clsnmphost add my_host Cluster Event SNMP Interface uses the common agent container SNMP adaptor, which is based on the JDMK SNMP implementation as its SNMP agent infrastructure. By default, the port number for the SNMP MIB is 11161, and the port number for the SNMP traps is 11162. The port numbers can be changed by using the cacaoadm. For example, # cacaoadm list-params Print all changeable parameters. The output includes the snmp-adaptor-port and snmp-adaptor-trap-port properties. # cacaoadm set-param snmp-adaptor-port=1161 Set the SNMP MIB port number to 1161. # cacaoadm set-param snmp-adaptor-trap-port=1162 Set the SNMP trap port number to 1162. The cluster event SNMP MIB is defined in sun-cluster-event-mib.mib, which is located in the /usr/cluster/lib/mibdirectory. Its OID is 1.3.6.1.4.1.42.2.80, that can be used to walk through the MIB data. Again, for more detail information about the cluster event SNMP interface, please see the Oracle Solaris Cluster 4.2 System Administration Guide. - Leland Chen 

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• apache performance timing out

  - by Mike

  Im running a webserver where I'm hosting about 6-7 websites. Most of these websites get their content from MySQL which is hosted on the same server. Traffic average per day is about 500-600 unique visitors, about 150K hits per week. But for some reason sometimes websites send a timeout, OR sometimes websites dont load all images. I know that I should perhaps separate static content from dynamic content, but for now I think that's not a possibility. I would appreciate any suggestions on how could I improve the performance of apache, so it doesn't keep timing out. Server is running on Sempron LE 1300; 2.3GHz,512K Cache 2GB RAM 10Mbps/1Mbps Services: MySQL, ProFTPD, Apache. Private + Shared = RAM used Program ---------------------------------------------------- 1.2 MiB + 54.0 KiB = 1.2 MiB proftpd 4.1 MiB + 23.0 KiB = 4.1 MiB munin-node 20.8 MiB + 120.5 KiB = 20.9 MiB mysqld 47.3 MiB + 9.9 MiB = 57.3 MiB apache2 (22) top: Mem: 2075356k total, 1826196k used, 249160k free, Timeout 35 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 300 KeepAliveTimeout 5 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 10 MinSpareServers 20 MaxSpareServers 20 MaxClients 60 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule>

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• How to implement mib module in net-snmp with python?

  - by Tom Carly

  Hi, in the faq, i read this "..the agent can also support MIB modules implemented in perl or (from 5.4) python." I have built net-snmp with python support, but it's not clear yet how to actually implement my own MIB module with python now. The python scripts i see in the python directory are related to implementing an snmp client, not an snmp agent. Probably i just miss the point somewhere. Can someone give me a hint on how to get started with this? Thanks, Tom

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• Query total page count via SNMP HP Laserjet

  - by Tim

  I was asked to get hold of the total pages counts for the 100+ printers we have at work. All of them are HP Laser or Business Jets of some description and the vast majority are connected via some form of HP JetDirect network card/switch. After many hours of typing in IP addresses and copying and pasting the relevant figure in to Excel I have now been asked to do this on a weekly basis. This led me to think there must be an easier way, as an IT professional I can surely work out some time saving method to solve this issue. Suffice it to say I do not feel very professional now after a day or so of trying to make SNMP work for me! From what I understand the first thing is to enable SNMP on the printer. Done. Next I would need something to query the SNMP bit. I decided to go open source and free and someone here recommended net-snmp as a decent tool (I would like to have just added the printers as nodes in SolarWinds but we are somewhat tight on licences apparently). Next I need the name of the MIB. For this I believe the HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB has the correct information in it. Downloaded this and added to net-snmp. Now I need the OID which I believe after much scouring is printed-media-simplex-count (we have no duplex printers, that we are interested in at least). Running the following command yields the following demoralising output: snmpget -v 2c -c public 10.168.5.1 HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB:.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.16.1.1.1 (the OID was derived from running: snmptranslate -IR -On printed-media-simplex-count Unlinked OID in HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB: hp ::= { enterprises 11 } Undefined identifier: enterprises near line 3 of C:/usr/share/snmp/mibs/HP-LASER JET-COMMON-MIB..txt .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.16.1.1.1 ) Unlinked OID in HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB: hp ::= { enterprises 11 } Undefined identifier: enterprises near line 3 of C:/usr/share/snmp/mibs/HP-LASER JET-COMMON-MIB..txt HP-LASERJET-COMMON-MIB:.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.16.1.1.1: Am I barking up the wrong tree completely with this? My aim was to script it all to output to a file for all the IP addresses of the printers and then plonk that in Excel for my lords and masters to digest at their leisure. I have a feeling I am using either the wrong MIB or the wrong OID from said MIB (or both). Does anyone have any pointers on this for me? Or should I give up and go back to navigationg each printers web page individually (hoping not).

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• snmptt not translating traps, even with translate_log_trap_oid=1

  - by mbrownnyc

  I am having some trouble configuring snmptt to properly translate snmp traps. The following is a problem: /etc/snmp/snmptt.conf reflects: EVENT fgFmTrapIfChange .1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 "Status Events" Critical FORMAT $* EXEC /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/submit_check_result $r "snmp_traps" 2 "$O: $+*" "$*" SDESC Trap is sent to the managing FortiManager if an interface IP is changed Variables: 1: fnSysSerial 2: ifName 3: fgManIfIp 4: fgManIfMask EDESC when a trap is received, /var/log/messages reflects: Sep 6 12:07:32 SNMPMANAGERHOST snmptrapd[15385]: 2012-09-06 12:07:32 <UNKNOWN> [UDP: [192.168.100.2]:162->[192.168.100.31]]: #012.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (707253943) 81 days, 20:35:39.43 #011.1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.4.1.0 = OID: .1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.100.1.1.1.0 = STRING: FGTNNNNNNNNN #011.1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.1.10 = STRING: internal4 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.2.1.0 = IpAddress: 192.168.65.100 #011.1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.2.2.0 = IpAddress: 255.255.255.0 Sep 6 12:07:37 SNMPMANAGERHOST icinga: EXTERNAL COMMAND: PROCESS_SERVICE_CHECK_RESULT; 192.168.100.2; snmp_traps; 2; enterprises.12356.101.6.0.1004: enterprises.12356.100.1.1.1.0:FGTNNNNNNNNN ifName.10:internal4 enterprises.12356.101.6.2.1.0:192.168.65.100 enterprises.12356.101.6.2.2.0:255.255.255.0 Since the icinga entry reflects the EXEC, it's obvious there is no translations occurring by snmptt. I have verified that translate_log_trap_oid and net_snmp_perl_enable is enabled in snmptt.ini When using --debug=1 to start snmptt, I see the following in the --debugfile: ********** Net-SNMP version 5.05 Perl module enabled ********** The main NET-SNMP version is reported as NET-SNMP version: 5.5. What else can be done to verify that snmptt is configured properly to translate traps? I have run snmptt-net-snmp-test to verify whatever net-snmp-perl version I have installed properly supports translations. The output indicates it does. /root/snmptt_1.3/snmptt-net-snmp-test --best_guess=2 SNMPTT Net-SNMP Test v1.0 (c) 2003 Alex Burger http://snmptt.sourceforge.net MIBS:RFC1213-MIB best_guess: 2 Testing translateObj ******************** Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=disabled, include_module=enabled Test passed. Result: RFC1213-MIB::sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=enabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1, long_names=enabled, include_module=enabled Test passed. Result: RFC1213-MIB::.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr Testing: sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: RFC1213-MIB::sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: RFC1213-MIB::system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing: .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr, long_names=disabled, include_module=disabled Test passed. Result: .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 Testing getType *************** Testing: .1.3.6.1.2.1.4.1 Test passed. Result: INTEGER Testing: ipForwarding Test passed. Result: INTEGER Testing Description ******************* Test passed. Result: ------------------------------------------------- The indication of whether this entity is acting as an IP gateway in respect to the forwarding of datagrams received by, but not addressed to, this entity. IP gateways forward datagrams. IP hosts do not (except those source-routed via the host). Note that for some managed nodes, this object may take on only a subset of the values possible. Accordingly, it is appropriate for an agent to return a `badValue' response if a management station attempts to change this object to an inappropriate value. ------------------------------------------------- I have manually gone through the MIB with the definition that's not resolving, and verified that it is properly linking back to the proper resolved definition. It is: FORTINET-FORTIGATE-MIB.txt contains: fgFmTrapIfChange NOTIFICATION-TYPE OBJECTS { fnSysSerial, ifName, fgManIfIp, fgManIfMask } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Trap is sent to the managing FortiManager if an interface IP is changed" ::= { fgFmTrapPrefix 1004 } fgFmTrapPrefix OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { fgMgmt 0 } fgMgmt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { fnFortiGateMib 6 } fnFortiGateMib ::= { fortinet 101 } IMPORTS FnBoolState, FnIndex, fnAdminEntry, fnSysSerial, fortinet FROM FORTINET-CORE-MIB fortinet MODULE-IDENTITY ::= { enterprises 12356 } LOOKS GOOD!!!!! 1.3.6.1.4.1.12356.101.6.0.1004 I've exhausted all the documentation and even posted fruitlessly in the snmptt-users mailing list. I can not prove it is the MIB. Why would snmptt fail to translate traps? Thanks, Matt

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• 4096 MiB SD card in Android Emulator... less than 9MB?

  - by Izhido

  Every time I attempt to create a new AVD with the latest Android SDK (under Eclipse), I can't actually specify SD Card Sizes greater than 1024 MiB. Any attempt to specify higher numbers gets me always the same message: "SD Card Size must be at least 9MB" What gives? Any idea why this could be happening?

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• Is there a simple way to map snmp(MIB) strings to OIDs in Perl?

  - by Sec

  Is there a simple way/module to map snmp(MIB) strings to OIDs in Perl? E.g. I start with "sysUpTime.0" and get "1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0". As far as I can see, Net::SNMP expects you to have them already mapped.

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• SNMP: ASN.1 MIB Definitions. Referencing a table within a table

  - by Doug

  Its's been a while since I've written ASN.1 so.. Our data model is comprised of several table definitions within a table. This is not workable in SNMP, so we need to flatten the definitions. The easiest way to do this would be to have the embedded table indexed by the same OID as the parent table. Thus someTableEntry ::= SEQUENCE { someTableIndex Integer32, someTableDomain Integer32, someTableFooTable SEQUENCE OF SomeTableFooTable } becomes someTableEntry ::= SEQUENCE { someTableIndex Integer32, someTableDomain Integer32, } someTableFooTable ::= SEQUENCE { someTableIndex Integer32, .... } The good thing is that in our application there will NEVER be any kind of SET, GET or GET NEXT so no need for SNMP walk (there are some very good reasons for this that supersede the need for network management elegance. All attributes will be reported via traps only. I think this is a valid SNMP MIB definitions but wanted to get some feedback. Thanks in advance.

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• Is it possible to have SNMP Agent without MIB’s support??

  - by Divya mohan Singh

  hii, i am working on SNMP from last few days,i have develope a small application(SNMP Agent) which * Run on 161 port. * Have a tree structured OID support. * Respond to all Get,GetNext,Set Pdu Request types. * Tested with some SNMP Managers(free available) by get and set the values of the OID's. BUT,now question is when i tried it with Cacti it will not respond anything,but detect windows snmp service..it just respond to the requests of the SNMP Managers. So,Is it mandatory to provide mib with SNMP Agent??.

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• Errors to do with modules when using net-snmp utils

  - by bob

  I was using the net-snmp packages that come with my linux distro (version 5.3.2.2), but wanted to do some work with the latest version of net-snmp (5.7), so tried compiling and installing the new source. It seemed to work ok but now I'm getting a load of errors when use net-snmp utils (snmpget, snmpset snmpwalk etc..) for example: $ snmptranslate -On SNMPv2-MIB::system.sysDescr MIB search path: /home/me/.snmp/mibs:/usr/local/share/snmp/mibs Cannot find module (SNMPv2-SMI) At line 6 in /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/SNMPv2-MIB.txt Cannot find module (SNMPv2-TC): At line 9 in /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/SNMPv2-MIB.txt Cannot find module (SNMPv2-MIB): At line 9 in (none) : <a lot of similar lines> : Cannot find module (NET-SNMP-VACM-MIB): At line 9 in (none) .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 From this I assumed perhaps that I was missing mibs from the 'MIB search path', so I looked at the first error 'Cannot find module (SNMPv2-SMI)', however it seems to be in the right directory: $ ls /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/*SNMPv2-SMI* /usr/local/share/snmp/mibs/SNMPv2-SMI.txt And the same result for the other in the list.. so I'm wondering if anybody knows why it might not be finding the modules even though they seem to be in the search path?

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• Why does 1GBit card have output limited to 80 MiB ?

  - by Gallus

  I'm trying to utilize maximal bandwidth provided by my 1GiB network card, but it's always limited to 80MiB (real megabytes). What can be the reason? Card description (lshw output): description: Ethernet interface product: DGE-530T Gigabit Ethernet Adapter (rev 11) vendor: D-Link System Inc physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 11 serial: 00:22:b0:68:70:41 size: 1GB/s capacity: 1GB/s width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: pm vpd bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation The card is placed in following PCI slot: *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: 92 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list The PCI isn't any PCI Express right? It's a legacy PCI slot? So maybe this is the reason? OS is a linux.

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• LVM mirror attempt results in "Insufficient free space"

  - by MattK

  Attempting to add a disk to mirror an LVM volume on CentOS 7 always fails with "Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available". Having searched for a solution, I have tried specifying disks, multiple logging options, adding 3rd log partition, but have not found a solution Not sure if I am making a rookie mistake, or there is something more subtle wrong (I am more familiar with ZFS, new to using LVM): # lvconvert -m1 centos_bi/home Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --corelog centos_bi/home Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --corelog --alloc anywhere centos_bi/home Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --mirrorlog mirrored --alloc anywhere centos_bi/home /dev/sda2 Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --corelog --alloc anywhere centos_bi/home /dev/sdi2 /dev/sda2 Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available The two disks are of the same size, and have identical partition layouts via "sfdisk -d /dev/sdi part_table; sfdisk /dev/sda < part_table". The current configuration is detailed below. # pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda1 centos_bi lvm2 a-- 496.00m 496.00m /dev/sda2 centos_bi lvm2 a-- 465.27g 465.27g /dev/sdi2 centos_bi lvm2 a-- 465.27g 0 # vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos_bi 3 3 0 wz--n- 931.02g 465.75g # lvs -a -o +devices LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert Devices home centos_bi -wi-ao---- 391.64g /dev/sdi2(6050) root centos_bi -wi-ao---- 50.00g /dev/sdi2(106309) swap centos_bi -wi-ao---- 23.63g /dev/sdi2(0) # pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdi2 VG Name centos_bi PV Size 465.27 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 119109 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 119109 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos_bi PV Size 465.27 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 119109 Free PE 119109 Allocated PE 0 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda1 VG Name centos_bi PV Size 500.00 MiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 124 Free PE 124 Allocated PE 0 # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos_bi System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 10 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size 931.02 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238342 Alloc PE / Size 119109 / 465.27 GiB Free PE / Size 119233 / 465.75 GiB # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos_bi/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos_bi LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-07 16:34:34 -0400 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 23.63 GiB Current LE 6050 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos_bi/home LV Name home VG Name centos_bi LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-07 16:34:35 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 391.64 GiB Current LE 100259 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos_bi/root LV Name root VG Name centos_bi LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-07 16:34:37 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0

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• how to allow certain packet with certian destination ports to forward using iptables?

  - by moataz metwally

  i have server and i virualized it into multiple windws vps's using kvm. i would like to make all vps behind the server firewall. to control all the ports of all vps's from the host server.i have tried to do this by that iptables file but it still blocking all the forward packets. when i remove -A FORWARD -j DROP from the file the vps will be out of the firewall control : # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Mon Oct 21 04:30:35 2013 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [49:7546] -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j DROP -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp -m multiport --dports 5901:6010,4080:4085 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -p tcp -s 0/0 -d 0/0 --destination-port 3389 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j DROP -A FORWARD -j DROP COMMIT # Completed on Mon Oct 21 04:30:35 2013 and my ifconfig output: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6C:62:6D:EF:B8:77 inet6 addr: fe80::6e62:XXX:feef:b877/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4460000 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1825697 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:5461498823 (5.0 GiB) TX bytes:547852516 (522.4 MiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:6380 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:6380 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6481652 (6.1 MiB) TX bytes:6481652 (6.1 MiB) natbr2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:48:72:53 inet addr:88.XXX.XXX.X53 Bcast:88.198.242.159 Mask:255.255.255.248 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1338720 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3570844 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:434791198 (414.6 MiB) TX bytes:4321751647 (4.0 GiB) viif1001 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:16:3E:0F:41:D8 inet6 addr: fe80::fc16:XXX:fe0f:41d8/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:358229 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:479289 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:50127351 (47.8 MiB) TX bytes:261223068 (249.1 MiB) viif1002 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:16:3E:EA:65:FA inet6 addr: fe80::fc16:XXX:feea:65fa/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:575590 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1489296 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:5412 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:243629668 (232.3 MiB) TX bytes:1724640936 (1.6 GiB) viif1003 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FE:16:3E:2B:85:0E inet6 addr: fe80::fc16:XXX:fe2b:850e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:413052 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1741801 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:299 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:147931054 (141.0 MiB) TX bytes:2338132498 (2.1 GiB) viifbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6C:62:6D:EF:B8:77 inet addr:176.XX.XX.X9 Bcast:176.9.0.95 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: fe80::6e62:XXX:feef:b877/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2685666 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1472089 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:4244043694 (3.9 GiB) TX bytes:523110523 (498.8 MiB)

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• Grub2 cannot detect Windows 8

  - by MetaChrome

  At installation it did not detect Windows. I mounted the Windows partition and have run os-prober with no results returning. I am able to boot Windows or Ubuntu by specifying the partition in UEFI boot order. The bios does not appear to allow booting with legacy. SecureBoot is on. This is with Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on a Inspiron 15. Here is the gdisk: 1 2048 1026047 500.0 MiB EF00 EFI system partition 2 1026048 1107967 40.0 MiB FFFF Basic data partition 3 1107968 1370111 128.0 MiB 0C01 Microsoft reserved part 4 1370112 2394111 500.0 MiB 2700 Basic data partition 5 2394112 544743423 258.6 GiB 0700 Basic data partition 6 606183424 625140399 9.0 GiB 2700 Microsoft recovery part 7 544743424 545230847 238.0 MiB 0700 (/boot) 8 545230848 556949503 5.6 GiB 8200 (swap) 9 556949504 606181375 23.5 GiB 0700 (/) When installing ubuntu, I believe I specified that the bootloader be installed on /dev/sda. I added the following to /etc/grub.d/40_custom but booting ubuntu did not offer a grub menu: menuentry "Windows 8" { set root = "(hd0,4)" chainloader +1 } When booting I think I see "EFI Disk error" flash very quickly before Ubuntu starts booting.

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• KVM work with bridge network problems

  - by isware

  I try to configure bridge network for KVM(refer to http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Networking), and it worked for Guest OS, but I have two problems with my Fedora host OS: 1?I can not access internet on host 2?The bridge configuration lost after reboot, I need to execute "service network restart" again to bring it up I checked here(http://serverfault.com/questions/168119/kvm-network-bridge-with-public-static-ip-for-both-host-and-guests) for the first problem, it seems not working for me. Any advice is appreciated! ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 48:5B:39:ED:EB:5A inet6 addr: fe80::4a5b:39ff:feed:eb5a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:231340 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:413424 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:1 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:15335606 (14.6 MiB) TX bytes:114755796 (109.4 MiB) Interrupt:44 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:119307 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:119307 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:57151264 (54.5 MiB) TX bytes:57151264 (54.5 MiB) sit0 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4 NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) sw0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 48:5B:39:ED:EB:5A inet addr:192.168.1.133 Bcast:255.255.255.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::4a5b:39ff:feed:eb5a/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:229584 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:401232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:11047463 (10.5 MiB) TX bytes:113891533 (108.6 MiB) tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr F2:86:1A:48:E2:55 inet6 addr: fe80::f086:1aff:fe48:e255/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2744 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:24842 (24.2 KiB) TX bytes:243899 (238.1 KiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 9A:7C:09:6B:85:65 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:46 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:5513 (5.3 KiB)

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• Why is my server performance degrading to the point of stopping, periodically?

  - by Pascal Aschwanden

  So, once in a while, I see in firebug that a request takes over 15 or even 60 seconds to respond and sometimes never. Here is what I've ruled out: It's not the CPU, cuz every time I check the Server load its less then 6 for all 3 numbers It's not the memory, because thats fairly low too, less the 50% It's not the I/O anymore, because I've seen the graphs that Joyent sent back to me when I requested them, and they show less then 3MB of I/O (mostly all read). It's not the SQL performance - I've profiled every last SQL command that runs, and they're all (99.9% of them anyway) running in less then 30ms, most run in less then 5ms. Oh and I've been profiling all the script execution times, and even the when the problem occurs, the script always manages to finish in 50ms or less (that's 1 / 20th of a second ). Now, I do run alot of ajax calls. 1 every 2 seconds per user and I have 300 DAU+. But, even if all 300 are playing simultaneously, thats still only 150 calls per second max. The only other thing I can think of is that one of my neighbors is funky. The problem is highly intermittent. 99% of the time it works perfectly and there's excellent performance. but 99%+ is not good enough. Eventually the performance gets so bad I have to restart the server, at which point everything is fine again. I've done this about 4 times now. Any ideas? Note: this is on joyent, vps, intro package 256mb of ram with bursting. here are the mysql dump info: Traffic ø per hour Received 18 MiB 29 MiB Sent 134 MiB 221 MiB Total 151 MiB 251 MiB Connections ø per hour % max. concurrent connections 5 --- --- Failed attempts 0 0.00 0.00% Aborted 0 0.00 0.00% Total 9,418 15.59 k 100.00%

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• Hungry hungry BIOS: why do I have less than 4 GiB of memory?

  - by Rhymoid

  I thought I had 4 GiB of memory, but just to be sure, let's ask the BIOS about that: ?: sudo dmidecode --type 20 # dmidecode 2.12 SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x000B, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x0007FFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000A Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Handle 0x000D, DMI type 20, 19 bytes Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00080000000 Ending Address: 0x000FFFFFFFF Range Size: 2 GB Physical Device Handle: 0x000C Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x000E Partition Row Position: Unknown Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: Unknown Alright, 4 GiB it is. But I can't use all of it: ?: cat /proc/meminfo | head -n 1 MemTotal: 3913452 kB Somehow, somewhere, I lost 274 MiB. Where did 6% of my memory go? Now I know the address ranges in DMI are incorrect, because the ACPI memory map reports usable ranges well beyond the ending address of the second memory module: ?: dmesg | grep -E "BIOS-e820: .* usable" [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009e7ff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000dee7bfff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x0000000117ffffff] usable I get pretty much the same info from /proc/iomem (except for the 4 kiB hole 0x000-0xFFF), which also shows that the kernel only accounts for less than 8 MiB. I guess 0x00000000-0x7FFFFFFF is indeed mapped to the first memory module, and 0x80000000-0xDFFFFFFF to part of the second memory module (a bunch of ACPI NVS things live between 0xDEE7C000 and 0xDEF30FFF, and the remaining 16-something MiB of that range are just 'reserved'). I guess the highest 0x18000000 bytes of the second memory module are mapped above the 4 GiB mark. But even then, there are two problems: 128 MiB (0x08000000 bytes, living somewhere between 0xE0000000 and 0xFFFFFFFF) are still completely unaccounted for. To note, my graphics card is on PCI-Express and (allegedly) has 1 GiB dedicated memory, so that shouldn't be the culprit. Did the BIOS screw up in moving the memory, leaving it partially shadowed by MMIO? Even with this mediocre explanation, I only 'found' 128 MiB. But /proc/meminfo is reporting a much larger deficit; where's the other 146 MiB? How does Linux count MemTotal?

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• how to use iptables to block the IP of device connected to openwrt router

  - by scola

  I have two routers(A,B).the A connect to internet with IP:192.168.1.1 The openwrt router B connect the lan of A by bridge with static IP:192.168.1.111. I am learning to use iptables to control the devices connected to B(wlan) . I use my phone to connect wifi of B,the phone's IP is IP:192.168.1.100.it can surf the internet normally. I want to block the phone's IP to make the phone can not connect to internet. refer to http://bredsaal.dk/some-small-iptables-on-openwrt-tips iptables -A input_wan -s 192.168.1.100 --jump REJECT iptables -A forwarding_rule -d 192.168.1.100 --jump REJECT but it do not work.the phone still connect to internet normally. and I tried other chain(INPUT,OUTPUT,FORWARD).so many chains confused me. iptables -I OUTPUT -o br-lan -s 192.168.1.100 -j DROP and it do not work again. I'm sure that the iptables have no problem. root@OpenWrt:/etc# iptables -L|grep Chain Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) Chain FORWARD (policy DROP) Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) Chain forward (1 references) Chain forwarding_lan (1 references) Chain forwarding_rule (1 references) Chain forwarding_wan (1 references) Chain input (1 references) Chain input_lan (1 references) Chain input_rule (1 references) Chain input_wan (1 references) Chain output (1 references) root@OpenWrt:/etc# ifconfig br-lan Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0C:82:68:97:57:BA inet addr:192.168.1.111 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::e82:68ff:fe97:57ba/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14976 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7656 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2851980 (2.7 MiB) TX bytes:1902785 (1.8 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0C:82:68:97:57:BA UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:58201 errors:0 dropped:11 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:45012 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:54591348 (52.0 MiB) TX bytes:5711142 (5.4 MiB) Interrupt:4 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:312 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:312 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:39961 (39.0 KiB) TX bytes:39961 (39.0 KiB) mon.wlan0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 0C-82-68-97-57-BA-00-48-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4900 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:1223807 (1.1 MiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 0C:82:68:97:57:BA UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:37346 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:49662 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:32 RX bytes:3808021 (3.6 MiB) TX bytes:54486310 (51.9 MiB) root@OpenWrt:/etc/config# cat network config 'interface' 'loopback' option 'ifname' 'lo' option 'proto' 'static' option 'ipaddr' '127.0.0.1' option 'netmask' '255.0.0.0' config 'interface' 'lan' option 'ifname' 'eth0' option 'type' 'bridge' option 'proto' 'static' option 'ipaddr' '192.168.1.111' option 'netmask' '255.255.255.0' option 'gateway' '192.168.1.1' option dns 192.168.1.1 and how to use iptables to control the network of wlan? Thanks in advance and sorry for poor English.

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• routing specific IP to ppp0 tunnel

  - by gompertz

  Hi All, I feel I've struggled with this long enough and need some help. I have a pptp tunnel and am trying to route destination traffic from 208.85.40.20 to the pptp tunnel (ppp0). (Keen observers may recognize the ip as being that of pandora.com). I am doing all this configuration on a router... and I know it's not working successfully as traceroute yields nothing but astericks. I've pasted relevant outputs below: (with some "security" editing to the addresses) root@OpenWrt:~# ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX inet addr:192.168.1.1 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:28185 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:24936 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:4894242 (4.6 MiB) TX bytes:5941902 (5.6 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:51829 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:56824 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:11490288 (10.9 MiB) TX bytes:11857913 (11.3 MiB) Interrupt:4 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX UP BROADCAST RUNNING ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:15426 TX packets:9529 errors:21 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:423 (423.0 B) TX bytes:596036 (582.0 KiB) Interrupt:2 Base address:0x2000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2300 (2.2 KiB) TX bytes:2300 (2.2 KiB) ppp0 Link encap:Point-Point Protocol inet addr:68.68.39.250 P-t-P:172.16.20.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1400 Metric:1 RX packets:165 errors:2 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:68 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:7006 (6.8 KiB) TX bytes:3462 (3.3 KiB) vlan0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX UP BROADCAST RUNNING ALLMULTI MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:28182 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:33813 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:5006544 (4.7 MiB) TX bytes:6609774 (6.3 MiB) vlan1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX inet addr:173.183.111.3 Bcast:173.183.111.255 Mask:255.255.224.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:23653 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:23012 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:5522012 (5.2 MiB) TX bytes:4982944 (4.7 MiB) wds0.4915 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) wds0.4915 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1A:92:BC:XX:XX UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) root@OpenWrt:~# cat /etc/ppp/ip-up iptables -A FORWARD -t filter -i br0 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -t filter -i ppp0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -s 192.168.1.1/24 -d 0/0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A forwarding_rule -o ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A forwarding_rule -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A postrouting_rule -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE root@OpenWrt:~# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.16.20.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 208.85.40.20 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0 173.183.192.0 * 255.255.224.0 U 0 0 0 vlan1 default d173-183-192-1. 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 vlan1 default 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 br0 Any advice is greatly appreciated, I'm not too great with network but am pretty astute at learning ;-)

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• How to stream H264 Video from camera over FTP?

  - by Jay

  I bought a h264 security camera system last year and set it up to ftp video to my computer. I was able to get the video to play (even though it played a little fast) on Ubuntu 11.04 using mplayer. A few months ago, I did a fresh install of 12.04 and I cannot seem to get the video to play with mplayer, smplayer or VLC. I have the restricted formats video packages installed and when playing with any of the players, all I get is a gray video. When calling mplayer from the command line to play the video with no options, I get a lot of these errors: [h264 @ 0x7f278c61f280]concealing 1320 DC, 1320 AC, 1320 MV errors No pts value from demuxer to use for frame! pts after filters MISSING I'm not a video expert and have been coming up with a lot of dead ends when Googling for this. Could someone offer some advice about how to play these videos? Here is the output of mediainfo for a sample file. mediainfo -f sec-cam01-m-20120921-212454.h264 General Count : 278 Count of stream of this kind : 1 Kind of stream : General Kind of stream : General Stream identifier : 0 Count of video streams : 1 Video_Format_List : AVC Video_Format_WithHint_List : AVC Codecs Video : AVC Complete name : sec-cam01-m-20120921-212454.h264 File name : sec-cam01-m-20120921-212454 File extension : h264 Format : AVC Format : AVC Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec Format/Url : http://developers.videolan.org/x264.html Format/Extensions usually used : avc h264 Commercial name : AVC Internet media type : video/H264 Codec : AVC Codec : AVC Codec/Info : Advanced Video Codec Codec/Url : http://developers.videolan.org/x264.html Codec/Extensions usually used : avc h264 File size : 1097315 File size : 1.05 MiB File size : 1 MiB File size : 1.0 MiB File size : 1.05 MiB File size : 1.046 MiB File last modification date : UTC 2012-09-22 01:27:12 File last modification date (local) : 2012-09-21 21:27:12 Video Count : 205 Count of stream of this kind : 1 Kind of stream : Video Kind of stream : Video Stream identifier : 0 Format : AVC Format/Info : Advanced Video Codec Format/Url : http://developers.videolan.org/x264.html Commercial name : AVC Format profile : [email protected] Format settings : 1 Ref Frames Format settings, CABAC : No Format settings, CABAC : No Format settings, ReFrames : 1 Format settings, ReFrames : 1 frame Format settings, GOP : M=1, N=3 Internet media type : video/H264 Codec : AVC Codec : AVC Codec/Family : AVC Codec/Info : Advanced Video Codec Codec/Url : http://developers.videolan.org/x264.html Codec profile : [email protected] Codec settings : 1 Ref Frames Codec settings, CABAC : No Codec_Settings_RefFrames : 1 Width : 704 Width : 704 pixels Height : 480 Height : 480 pixels Pixel aspect ratio : 1.000 Display aspect ratio : 1.467 Display aspect ratio : 3:2 Standard : NTSC Resolution : 8 Resolution : 8 bits Colorimetry : 4:2:0 Color space : YUV Chroma subsampling : 4:2:0 Bit depth : 8 Bit depth : 8 bits Scan type : Progressive Scan type : Progressive Interlacement : PPF Interlacement : Progressive Edit: Here is a sample video using the same encoding: https://www.dropbox.com/s/l5acwzy8rtqn9xe/sec-cam08-m-20121118-105815.h264 (not the same video as mediainfo output)

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• How to correctly partition usb flash drive and which filesystem to choose considering wear leveling?

  - by random1

  Two problems. First one: how to partition the flash drive? I shouldn't need to do this, but I'm no longer sure if my partition is properly aligned since I was forced to delete and create a new partition table after gparted complained when I tried to format the drive from FAT to ext4. The naive answer would be to say "just use default and everything is going to be alright". However if you read the following links you'll know things are not that simple: https://lwn.net/Articles/428584/ and http://linux-howto-guide.blogspot.com/2009/10/increase-usb-flash-drive-write-speed.html Then there is also the issue of cylinders, heads and sectors. Currently I get this: $sfdisk -l -uM /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 30147 cylinders, 64 heads, 32 sectors/track Warning: The partition table looks like it was made for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 30147/64/32). For this listing I'll assume that geometry. Units = mebibytes of 1048576 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0 Device Boot Start End MiB #blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 30146 30146 30869504 83 Linux $fdisk -l /dev/sdd Disk /dev/sdd: 31.6 GB, 31611420672 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3843 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010c28 So from my current understanding I should align partitions at 4 MiB (currently it's at 1 MiB). But I still don't know how to set the heads and sectors properly for my device. Second problem: file system. From the benchmarks I saw ext4 provides the best performance, however there is the issue of wear leveling. How can I know that my Transcend JetFlash 700's microcontroller provides for wear leveling? Or will I just be killing my drive faster? I've seen a lot of posts on the web saying don't worry the newer drives already take care of that. But I've never seen a single piece of backed evidence of that and at some point people start mixing SSD with USB flash drives technology. The safe option would be to go for ext2, however a serious of tests that I performed showed horrible performance!!! These values are from a real scenario and not some synthetic test: 42 files: 3,429,415,284 bytes copied to flash drive original fat32: 15.1 MiB/s ext4 after new partition table: 10.2 MiB/s ext2 after new partition table: 1.9 MiB/s Please read the links that I posted above before answering. I would also be interested in answers backed up with some references because a lot is said and re-said but then it lacks facts. Thank you for the help.

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• netsnmp - how to register string?

  - by user1495181

  I use net-snmp. I try to add my own mibs (no need in handler, just a MIB that i can get and set by snmp call), so i followed the scalar example. In order to add my own mibs i defined them in the mib file and create an agent extension.(see below). It work, so i have now an integer MIB. Now i want to add string mib, so i define the MIB , but i dont find a register API for string, like i have for the int - netsnmp_register_int_instance. I look in the includes file , but dosnt found matching one. agent: #include <net-snmp/net-snmp-config.h> #include <net-snmp/net-snmp-includes.h> #include <net-snmp/agent/net-snmp-agent-includes.h> #include "monitor.h" static int int_init = 0; /* default value */ void init_monitor(void) { oid open_connections_count_oid[] = { 1, 3, 6, 1, 4, 1, 8075, 1, 0 }; netsnmp_register_int_instance("open_connections_count", open_connections_count_oid, OID_LENGTH(open_connections_count_oid), &int_init, NULL); }

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• Configure vlan on Netgear switch via SNMP

  - by Russell Gallop

  I am trying to configure vlans on a netgear GS752TSX from the Linux command line with netsnmp. I have created vlan 99 on the web interface now want to control the pvid settings, egress and tagging. I have identified these as the MIBs I need to change: dot1qPvid.<port> dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 Pvid works as I expect: $ snmpset -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qPvid.17 u 99 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qPvid.17 = Gauge32: 99 $ snmpget -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qPvid.17 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qPvid.17 = Gauge32: 99 and so do the egress ports: $ snmpset -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 x 'ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00' Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $ snmpget -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 But untagging the ports doesn't seem to remember my setting: $ snmpset -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 x 'ff ff ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00' Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: FF FF FF FF FF FF 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $ snmpget -r 1 -t 20 -v 2c -c private <switch> dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 Q-BRIDGE-MIB::dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts.99 = Hex-STRING: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 I have tried netsnmp 5.4.1 and 5.7.2. Is there something I'm doing wrong?

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