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  • Arbitrary Rotation about a Sphere

    - by Der
    I'm coding a mechanic which allows a user to move around the surface of a sphere. The position on the sphere is currently stored as theta and phi, where theta is the angle between the z-axis and the xz projection of the current position (i.e. rotation about the y axis), and phi is the angle from the y-axis to the position. I explained that poorly, but it is essentially theta = yaw, phi = pitch Vector3 position = new Vector3(0,0,1); position.X = (float)Math.Sin(phi) * (float)Math.Sin(theta); position.Y = (float)Math.Sin(phi) * (float)Math.Cos(theta); position.Z = (float)Math.Cos(phi); position *= r; I believe this is accurate, however I could be wrong. I need to be able to move in an arbitrary pseudo two dimensional direction around the surface of a sphere at the origin of world space with radius r. For example, holding W should move around the sphere in an upwards direction relative to the orientation of the player. I believe I should be using a Quaternion to represent the position/orientation on the sphere, but I can't think of the correct way of doing it. Spherical geometry is not my strong suit. Essentially, I need to fill the following block: public void Move(Direction dir) { switch (dir) { case Direction.Left: // update quaternion to rotate left break; case Direction.Right: // update quaternion to rotate right break; case Direction.Up: // update quaternion to rotate upward break; case Direction.Down: // update quaternion to rotate downward break; } }

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  • Rotation and translation like in GTA 1 OpenGL

    - by user1876377
    Okay, so I have a figure in XZ plain. I want to move it forward/backward and rotate at it's own Y axis, then move forward again in the rotation's direction, like the character in GTA 1. Code so far: Init: spaceship_position = glm::vec3(0,0,0); spaceship_rotation = glm::vec3(0,0,0); spaceship_scale = glm::vec3(1, 1, 1); Draw: glm::mat4 transform = glm::scale<float>(spaceship_scale) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.x, 1, 0, 0) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.y, 0, 1, 0) * glm::rotate<float>(spaceship_rotation.z, 0, 0, 1) * glm::translate<float>(spaceship_position); drawMesh(spaceship, texture, transform); Update: switch (key.keysym.sym) { case SDLK_UP: spaceship_position.z += 0.1; break; case SDLK_DOWN: spaceship_position.z -= 0.1; break; case SDLK_LEFT: spaceship_rotation.y += 1; break; case SDLK_RIGHT: spaceship_rotation.y -= 1; break; } So this only moves on the Z axis, but how can I move the object on both Z and X axis where the object is facing?

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  • JavaScript 3D space ship rotation

    - by user36202
    I am working with a fairly low-level JavaScript 3D API (not Three.js) which uses euler angles for rotation. In most cases, euler angles work quite well for doing things like aligning buildings, operating a hovercraft, or looking around in the first-person. However, in space there is no up or down. I want to control the ship's roll, pitch, and yaw. To do that, some people would use a local coordinate system or a permenant matrix or quaternion or whatever to represent the ship's angle. However, since I am not most people and am using a library that deals exclusively in euler angles, I will be using relative angles to represent how to rotate the ship in space and getting the resulting non-relative euler angles. For you math nerds, that means I need to convert 3 euler angles (with Y being the vertical axis, X representing the pitch, and Z representing a roll which is unaffected by the other angles, left-handed system) into a 3x3 orientation matrix, do something fancy with the matrix, and convert it back into the 3 euler angles. Euler to matrix to euler. Somebody has posted something similar to this on SO (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1217775/rotating-a-spaceship-model-for-a-space-simulator-game) but he ended up just working with a matrix. This will not do for me. Also, I am using JavaScript, not C++. What I want essentially are the functions do_roll, do_pitch, and do_yaw which only take in and put out euler angles. Many thanks.

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  • Matrix rotation of a rectangle to "face" a given point in 2d

    - by justin.m.chase
    Suppose you have a rectangle centered at point (0, 0) and now I want to rotate it such that it is facing the point (100, 100), how would I do this purely with matrix math? To give some more specifics I am using javascript and canvas and I may have something like this: var position = {x : 0, y: 0 }; var destination = { x : 100, y: 100 }; var transform = Matrix.identity(); this.update = function(state) { // update transform to rotate to face destination }; this.draw = function(ctx) { ctx.save(); ctx.transform(transform); // a helper that just calls setTransform() ctx.beginPath(); ctx.rect(-5, -5, 10, 10); ctx.fillStyle = 'Blue'; ctx.fill(); ctx.lineWidth = 2; ctx.stroke(); ctx.restore(); } Feel free to assume any matrix function you need is available.

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  • Camera wont stay behind model after pitch, then rotation

    - by ChocoMan
    I have a camera position behind a model. Currently, if I push the left thumbstick making my model move forward, backward, or strafe, the camera stays with the model. If I push the right thumbstick left or right, the model rotates in those directions fine along with the camera rotating while maintaining its position relatively behind the model. But when I pitch the model up or down, then rotate the model afterwards, the camera moves slightly rotates in a clock-like fashion behind the model. If I do a few rotations of the model and try to pitch the camera, the camera will eventually be looking at the side, then eventually the front of the model while also rotating in a clock-like fashion. My question is, how do I keep the camera to pitch up and down behind the model no matter how much the model has rotated? Here is what I got: // Rotates model and pitches camera on its own axis public void modelRotMovement(GamePadState pController) { // Rotates Camera with model Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(angularSpeed); // Pitches Camera around model Pitch = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.Y * MathHelper.ToRadians(angularSpeed); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(Yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); } // Orbit (yaw) Camera around with model (only seeing back of model) public void cameraYaw(Vector3 axisYaw, float yaw) { ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisYaw, yaw)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } // Raise camera above or below model's shoulders public void cameraPitch(Vector3 axisPitch, float pitch) { ModelLoad.CameraPos = Vector3.Transform(ModelLoad.CameraPos - ModelLoad.camTarget, Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(axisPitch, pitch)) + ModelLoad.camTarget; } // Call in update method public void updateCamera() { cameraYaw(Vector3.Up, Yaw); cameraPitch(Vector3.Right, Pitch); } NOTE: I tried to use addPitch just like addRotation but it didn't work...

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  • libgdx rotation (animation, arrays) issues and help needed

    - by johnny-b
    well i am a noob at java and libgdx. i got the homing bullet working with the help of someone. now i am smashing my head as to how i can make it rotate so it faces the ball (which is the main character) when it goes around it or when it is coming towards it. the bullet is facing <--- and the code below is what i have done so far. also i used sprites for the bullet and also animation method. Also how do i make it an array/arraylist which is best so i can have multiple bullets at random or placed places. i tried many things nothing workd :( thank you for the help. // below is the bullet or enemy if you want to call it. public class Bullet extends Sprite { public static final float BULLET_HOMING = 6000; public static final float BULLET_SPEED = 300; private Vector2 velocity; private float lifetime; public Bullet(float x, float y) { velocity = new Vector2(0, 0); setPosition(x, y); } public void update(float delta) { float targetX = GameWorld.getBall().getX(); float targetY = GameWorld.getBall().getY(); float dx = targetX - getX(); float dy = targetY - getY(); float distToTarget = (float) Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy); dx /= distToTarget; dy /= distToTarget; dx *= BULLET_HOMING; dy *= BULLET_HOMING; velocity.x += dx * delta; velocity.y += dy * delta; float vMag = (float) Math.sqrt(velocity.x * velocity.x + velocity.y * velocity.y); velocity.x /= vMag; velocity.y /= vMag; velocity.x *= BULLET_SPEED; velocity.y *= BULLET_SPEED; Vector2 v = velocity.cpy().scl(delta); setPosition(getX() + v.x, getY() + v.y); setOriginCenter(); setRotation(velocity.angle()); lifetime += delta; setRegion(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(lifetime)); } } // this is where i load the images. public class AssetLoader { public static Animation bulletAnimation; public static Sprite bullet1, bullet2; public static void load() { texture = new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("SpriteN1.png")); texture.setFilter(TextureFilter.Nearest, TextureFilter.Nearest); bullet1 = new Sprite(texture, 380, 350, 45, 20); bullet1.flip(false, true); bullet2 = new Sprite(texture, 425, 350, 45, 20); bullet2.flip(false, true); Sprite[] bullets = { bullet1, bullet2 }; bulletAnimation = new Animation(0.06f, aims); bulletAnimation.setPlayMode(Animation.PlayMode.LOOP); } public static void dispose() { // We must dispose of the texture when we are finished. texture.dispose(); } // this is for the rendering of the images etc public class GameRenderer { private Bullet bullet; private Ball ball; public GameRenderer(GameWorld world) { myWorld = world; cam = new OrthographicCamera(); cam.setToOrtho(true, 480, 320); batcher = new SpriteBatch(); // Attach batcher to camera batcher.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); shapeRenderer = new ShapeRenderer(); shapeRenderer.setProjectionMatrix(cam.combined); // Call helper methods to initialize instance variables initGameObjects(); initAssets(); } private void initGameObjects() { ball = GameWorld.getBall(); bullet = myWorld.getBullet(); scroller = myWorld.getScroller(); } private void initAssets() { ballAnimation = AssetLoader.ballAnimation; bulletAnimation = AssetLoader.bulletAnimation; } public void render(float runTime) { Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1); Gdx.gl.glClear(GL30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); batcher.begin(); // Disable transparency // This is good for performance when drawing images that do not require // transparency. batcher.disableBlending(); // The ball needs transparency, so we enable that again. batcher.enableBlending(); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.ballAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), ball.getX(), ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); batcher.draw(AssetLoader.bulletAnimation.getKeyFrame(runTime), bullet.getX(), bullet.getY()); // End SpriteBatch batcher.end(); } } // this is to load the image etc on the screen i guess public class GameWorld { public static Ball ball; private Bullet bullet; private ScrollHandler scroller; public GameWorld() { ball = new Ball(480, 273, 32, 32); bullet = new Bullet(10, 10); scroller = new ScrollHandler(0); } public void update(float delta) { ball.update(delta); bullet.update(delta); scroller.update(delta); } public static Ball getBall() { return ball; } public ScrollHandler getScroller() { return scroller; } public Bullet getBullet() { return bullet; } } so there is the whole thing. the images are loaded via the AssetLoader then to the GameRenderer and GameWorld via the Bullet class. i am guessing that is how it is. sorry newbie so still learning. thank you in advace for the help or any advice.

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  • Flip rotation matrix

    - by azer89
    right now i'm doing character control with kinect. Basically i need to mirror the joint orientation because the character faces the player. Somehow by googling through internet i've done it and everything works very well. But i have little idea about how the math works, here's my code: //------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ogre::Quaternion JointOrientationCalculator::buildQuaternion(Ogre::Vector3 xAxis, Ogre::Vector3 yAxis, Ogre::Vector3 zAxis) { Ogre::Matrix3 mat; if(isMirror) { mat = Ogre::Matrix3(xAxis.x, yAxis.x, zAxis.x, xAxis.y, yAxis.y, zAxis.y, xAxis.z, yAxis.z, zAxis.z); Ogre::Matrix3 flipMat(1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, -1); mat = flipMat * mat * flipMat; } else { mat = Ogre::Matrix3(xAxis.x, -yAxis.x, zAxis.x, -xAxis.y, yAxis.y, -zAxis.y, xAxis.z, -yAxis.z, zAxis.z); } Ogre::Quaternion q; q.FromRotationMatrix(mat); return q; } when i need to mirror/flip it by axes z i calculate mat = flipMat * mat * flipMat; but i don't understand how this equation works.

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  • (Quaternion based) Trouble moving foward based on model rotation

    - by ChocoMan
    Using quaternions, I'm having trouble moving my model in its facing direction. Currently the model moves can move in all cardinal directions with no problems. The problem comes when I rotate the move as it still travelling in the direction of world space. Meaning, if I'm moving forward, backward or any other direction while rotating the model, the model acts like its a figure skater spinning while traveling in the same direction. How do I update the direction of travel proper with the facing direction of the model? Rotates model on Y-axis: Yaw = pController.ThumbSticks.Right.X * MathHelper.ToRadians(speedAngleMAX); AddRotation = Quaternion.CreateFromYawPitchRoll(yaw, 0, 0); ModelLoad.MRotation *= AddRotation; MOrientation = Matrix.CreateFromQuaternion(ModelLoad.MRotation); Moves model forward: // Move Forward if (pController.IsButtonDown(Buttons.LeftThumbstickUp)) { SpeedX = (float)(Math.Sin(ModelLoad.ModelRotation)) * FWDSpeedMax * pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; SpeedZ = (float)(Math.Cos(ModelLoad.ModelRotation)) * FWDSpeedMax * pController.ThumbSticks.Left.Y * (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds; // Update model position ModelLoad._modelPos += Vector3.Forward * SpeedZ; ModelLoad._modelPos += Vector3.Left * SpeedX; }

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  • Convert rotation from Right handed System to left handed

    - by Hector Llanos
    I have Euler angles from a right handed system that I am trying to convert to a left handed system. All the information that I have read online says that to convert it simply multiply the axis and the angle in the correct order and it should work. In other words, Z * Y * X. When I do this what I see in Maya, and in engine still do not match up. This is what I have so far: static Quaternion ConvertToRightHand(Vector3 Euler) { Quaternion x = Quaternion.AngleAxis(-Euler.x, Vector3.right); Quaternion y = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Euler.y, Vector3.up); Quaternion z = Quaternion.AngleAxis(Euler.z, Vector3.forward); return (z * y * x); } Keeping the -Euler.x helps keep the object pointing up correctly, but when I pass ( 0,0,0) to face in the -z, it faces in the +z. Help :/

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  • Rotation based on x coordinate and x velocity?

    - by Lewis
    -(void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { float deceleration = 0.3f, sensitivity = 8.0f, maxVelocity = 150; // adjust velocity based on current accelerometer acceleration playerVelocity.x = playerVelocity.x * deceleration + acceleration.x * sensitivity; // we must limit the maximum velocity of the player sprite, in both directions (positive & negative values) playerVelocity.x = fmaxf(fminf(playerVelocity.x, maxVelocity), -maxVelocity); } Hi, I want to rotate my sprite based on the velocity and accelerometer input. My sprite can move along the X axis like so: <--------- sprite ----------- But it always faces forwards, if it is moving left I want it to point slightly to the left, the degree of how far it is pointing to be judged from the velocity. This should also work for the right. I tried using atan but as the y velocity and position is always the same the function returns 0, which doesn't rotate it at all. Any ideas? Regards, Lewis.

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  • Rubik's cube array rotation

    - by Ace
    I'm about to make a 3D Rubik's cube based game in Flash AS3 and Away3d. I don't really know how to manage the 2D arrays of the Rubik's cube. For example, how do I rotate the corresponding arrays if I rotate a side, or just rotate a middle part? In this stage I also don't know how to rotate those smaller cube parts all together if a side is rotating. First I was thinking of "groups" ( like in sketchup or 3ds max, blender), but that would be tricky, because the group components would change every time. So I was thinking of just rotating each individual piece along a global axis. However, I just know the Away3d functions to rotate the cube of his local X , Y or Z axis, but how to rotate in global axis? Does anyone know of a algorithm for doing these types of rotations?

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  • Keeping rotation between two objects

    - by user99
    In my XNA game I have two objects that collide. When the first object collides with the other it is able to latch on to it and move it about the world. I am having a problem with the math here (Math isn't my strong point). I currently have the second object latch on to the first and move around with it, but I cannot get it to keep it's original direction. So, if the object is facing up it should keep this direction relative to how it is being rotated with the original item. Any tips on how I could best to achieve this?

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  • Rotation of viewplatform in Java3D

    - by user29163
    I have just started with Java3D programming. I thought I had built up some basic intuition about how the scene graph works, but something that should work, does not work. I made a simple program for rotating a pyramid around the y-axis. This was done just by adding a RotationInterpolator R to the TransformGroup above the pyramid. Then I thought hey, can I now remove the RotationInterpolator from this TransformGroup, then add it to the TransformGroup above my ViewPlatform leaf. This should work if I have understood how things work. Adding the RotationInterpolator to this TransformGroup, should make the children of this TransformGroup rotate, and the ViewingPlatform is a child of the TransformGroup. Any ideas on where my reasoning is flawed? Here is the code for setting up the universe, and the view branchgroup. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.media.j3d.*; import javax.vecmath.*; public class UniverseBuilder { // User-specified canvas Canvas3D canvas; // Scene graph elements to which the user may want access VirtualUniverse universe; Locale locale; TransformGroup vpTrans; View view; public UniverseBuilder(Canvas3D c) { this.canvas = c; // Establish a virtual universe that has a single // hi-res Locale universe = new VirtualUniverse(); locale = new Locale(universe); // Create a PhysicalBody and PhysicalEnvironment object PhysicalBody body = new PhysicalBody(); PhysicalEnvironment environment = new PhysicalEnvironment(); // Create a View and attach the Canvas3D and the physical // body and environment to the view. view = new View(); view.addCanvas3D(c); view.setPhysicalBody(body); view.setPhysicalEnvironment(environment); // Create a BranchGroup node for the view platform BranchGroup vpRoot = new BranchGroup(); // Create a ViewPlatform object, and its associated // TransformGroup object, and attach it to the root of the // subgraph. Attach the view to the view platform. Transform3D t = new Transform3D(); Transform3D s = new Transform3D(); t.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)); t.rotX(-Math.PI/4); s.set(new Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)); //forandre verdier her for å endre viewing position t.mul(s); ViewPlatform vp = new ViewPlatform(); vpTrans = new TransformGroup(t); vpTrans.setCapability(TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); // Rotator stuff Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); //yAxis.rotY(Math.PI/2); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha( -1, Alpha.INCREASING_ENABLE, 0, 0,4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator( rotationAlpha, vpTrans, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI*2.0f); RotationInterpolator rotator2 = new RotationInterpolator( rotationAlpha, vpTrans); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0,0.0,0.0), 1000.0); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); vpTrans.addChild(rotator); vpTrans.addChild(vp); vpRoot.addChild(vpTrans); view.attachViewPlatform(vp); // Attach the branch graph to the universe, via the // Locale. The scene graph is now live! locale.addBranchGraph(vpRoot); } public void addBranchGraph(BranchGroup bg) { locale.addBranchGraph(bg); } }

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  • XNA - positioning after rotation

    - by DijkeMark
    I have a turret with a 2 gunbarrels. The turret rotates towards my mouse. So far no problem. When it creates a few bullets and positions them at the end of the gun barrels. Here is the problem. It only works the moment the gun is point upwards. The moment it rotates the end of the gun barrels have moved ofcourse, thus the bullets don't spawn at the end of the gun battels, but at the place the where the gun barrels are when the turret is pointing upwards. How can I check where the end of the gun barrels are the moment it rotates? Thanks in Advance, Mark Dijkema PS. If you need code please let me know, I didn't post any yet, because I didn't what code you would need.

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  • car race game collision condition.

    - by ashok patidar
    in this how can rotate car when it goes to collied with the track side. package { import flash.display.MovieClip; import flash.events.Event; import flash.events.KeyboardEvent; import flash.text.TextField; import flash.ui.Keyboard; import Math; /** * ... * @author Ashok */ public class F1race extends MovieClip { public var increment:Number = 0; //amount the car moves each frame public var posNeg:Number = 1; public var acceleration:Number = .05; //acceleration of the car, or the amount increment gets increased by. public var speed:Number = 0; //the speed of the car that will be displayed on screen public var maxSpeed:Number = 100; public var keyLeftPressed:Boolean; public var keyRightPressed:Boolean; public var keyUpPressed:Boolean; public var keyDownPressed:Boolean; public var spedometer:TextField = new TextField(); public var carRotation:Number ; public var txt_hit:TextField = new TextField(); public function F1race() { carRotation = carMC.rotation; trace(carMC.rotation); //addChild(spedometer); //spedometer.x = 0; //spedometer.y = 0; addChild(txt_hit); txt_hit.x = 0; txt_hit.y = 100; //rotation of the car addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, onEnterFrameFunction); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, keyPressed,false); stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, keyReleased,false); carMC.addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, carOver_road) } public function carOver_road(event:Event):void { //trace(texture.hitTestPoint(carMC.x,carMC.y,true),"--"); /* if(!texture.hitTestPoint(carMC.x,carMC.y,true)) { txt_hit.text = "WRONG WAY"; if(increment!=0) { increment=1; } } else { txt_hit.text = ""; //increment++; }*/ if (roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x - carMC.width / 2, carMC.y,true)) { trace("left Hit" + carMC.rotation); //acceleration = .005; //if(carMC.rotation>90 || carMC.rotation>90 //carMC.rotation += 2; if ((carMC.rotation >= 90) && (carMC.rotation <= 180)) { carMC.rotation += 3; carMC.x += 3; } if ((carMC.rotation <= -90) && (carMC.rotation >= -180)) { carMC.rotation += 3; texture.y -= 3; } if ((carMC.rotation > -90) && (carMC.rotation <= -1)) { carMC.rotation += 3; texture.y -= 3; } if(increment<0) { increment += 1.5 * acceleration; } if(increment>0) { increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; } } if (roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x + carMC.width / 2, carMC.y,true)) { trace("left right"); //carMC.rotation -= 2; if(increment<0) { increment += 1.5 * acceleration; } if(increment>0) { increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; } } if (roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x, carMC.y- carMC.height / 2,true)) { trace("left right"); //carMC.rotation -= 2; if(increment<0) { increment += 1.5 * acceleration; } if(increment>0) { increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; } } if (roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x, carMC.y+ carMC.height / 2,true)) { trace("left right"); //carMC.rotation -= 2; if(increment<0) { increment += 1.5 * acceleration; } if(increment>0) { increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; } } if ((!roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x - carMC.width / 2, carMC.y, true)) && (!roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x, carMC.y- carMC.height / 2,true)) && (!roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x, carMC.y+ carMC.height / 2,true)) && (!roadless.hitTestPoint(carMC.x, carMC.y+ carMC.height / 2,true))) { //acceleration = .05; } } public function onEnterFrameFunction(events:Event):void { speed = Math.round((increment) * 5); spedometer.text = String(speed); if ((carMC.rotation < 180)&&(carMC.rotation >= 0)){ carRotation = carMC.rotation; posNeg = 1; } if ((carMC.rotation < 0)&&(carMC.rotation > -180)){ carRotation = -1 * carMC.rotation; posNeg = -1; } if (keyRightPressed) { carMC.rotation += .5 * increment; carMC.LWheel.rotation = 8; carMC.RWheel.rotation = 8; steering.gotoAndStop(2); } if (keyLeftPressed) { carMC.rotation -= .5 * increment; carMC.LWheel.rotation = -8; carMC.RWheel.rotation = -8; steering.gotoAndStop(3); } if (keyDownPressed) { steering.gotoAndStop(1); carMC.LWheel.rotation = 0; carMC.RWheel.rotation = 0; increment -= 0.5 * acceleration; texture.y -= ((90 - carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.y = texture.y; if (((carMC.rotation > 90)&&(carMC.rotation < 180))||((carMC.rotation < -90)&&(carMC.rotation > -180))) { texture.x += posNeg * (((((1 - (carRotation / 360)) * 360) - 180) / 90) * increment); roadless.x = texture.x; } if (((carMC.rotation <= 90)&&(carMC.rotation > 0))||((carMC.rotation >= -90)&&(carMC.rotation < -1))) { texture.x += posNeg * ((carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.x = texture.x; } increment -= 1 * acceleration; if ((Math.abs(speed)) < (Math.abs(maxSpeed))) { increment += acceleration; } if ((Math.abs(speed)) == (Math.abs(maxSpeed))) { trace("hello"); } } if (keyUpPressed) { steering.gotoAndStop(1); carMC.LWheel.rotation = 0; carMC.RWheel.rotation = 0; //trace(carMC.rotation); texture.y -= ((90 - carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.y = texture.y; if (((carMC.rotation > 90)&&(carMC.rotation < 180))||((carMC.rotation < -90)&&(carMC.rotation > -180))) { texture.x += posNeg * (((((1 - (carRotation / 360)) * 360) - 180) / 90) * increment); roadless.x = texture.x; } if (((carMC.rotation <= 90)&&(carMC.rotation > 0))||((carMC.rotation >= -90)&&(carMC.rotation < -1))) { texture.x += posNeg * ((carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.x = texture.x; } increment += 1 * acceleration; if ((Math.abs(speed)) < (Math.abs(maxSpeed))) { increment += acceleration; } } if ((!keyUpPressed) && (!keyDownPressed)){ /*if (increment > 0 && (!keyUpPressed)&& (!keyDownPressed)) { //texture.y -= ((90-carRotation)/90)*increment; increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; } if((increment==0)&&(!keyUpPressed)&& (!keyDownPressed)) { increment = 0; } if((increment<0)&&(!keyUpPressed)&& (!keyDownPressed)) { increment += 1.5 * acceleration; }*/ if (increment > 0) { increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; texture.y -= ((90 - carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.y = texture.y; if (((carMC.rotation > 90)&&(carMC.rotation < 180))||((carMC.rotation < -90)&&(carMC.rotation > -180))) { texture.x += posNeg * (((((1 - (carRotation / 360)) * 360) - 180) / 90) * increment); roadless.x = texture.x; } if (((carMC.rotation <= 90)&&(carMC.rotation > 0))||((carMC.rotation >= -90)&&(carMC.rotation < -1))) { texture.x += posNeg * ((carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.x = texture.x; } } if (increment == 0) { increment = 0; } if (increment < 0) { increment += 1.5 * acceleration; texture.y -= ((90 - carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.y = texture.y; if (((carMC.rotation > 90)&&(carMC.rotation < 180))||((carMC.rotation < -90)&&(carMC.rotation > -180))) { texture.x += posNeg * (((((1 - (carRotation / 360)) * 360) - 180) / 90) * increment); roadless.x = texture.x; } if (((carMC.rotation <= 90)&&(carMC.rotation > 0))||((carMC.rotation >= -90)&&(carMC.rotation < -1))) { texture.x += posNeg * ((carRotation) / 90) * increment; roadless.x = texture.x; } } } } public function keyPressed(event:KeyboardEvent):void { trace("keyPressed"); if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.LEFT) { keyLeftPressed = true; } if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.RIGHT) { keyRightPressed = true; } if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.UP) { keyUpPressed = true; } if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.DOWN) { keyDownPressed = true; } } public function keyReleased(event:KeyboardEvent):void { trace("keyReleased..."); //increment -= 1.5 * acceleration; //increment--; if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.LEFT) { keyLeftPressed = false; } if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.RIGHT) { keyRightPressed = false; } if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.UP) { keyUpPressed = false; } if (event.keyCode == Keyboard.DOWN) { keyDownPressed = false; } } } }

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  • Do I need to store a generic rotation point/radius for rotating around a point other than the origin for object transforms?

    - by Casey
    I'm having trouble implementing a non-origin point rotation. I have a class Transform that stores each component separately in three 3D vectors for position, scale, and rotation. This is fine for local rotations based on the center of the object. The issue is how do I determine/concatenate non-origin rotations in addition to origin rotations. Normally this would be achieved as a Transform-Rotate-Transform for the center rotation followed by a Transform-Rotate-Transform for the non-origin point. The problem is because I am storing the individual components, the final Transform matrix is not calculated until needed by using the individual components to fill an appropriate Matrix. (See GetLocalTransform()) Do I need to store an additional rotation (and radius) for world rotations as well or is there a method of implementation that works while only using the single rotation value? Transform.h #ifndef A2DE_CTRANSFORM_H #define A2DE_CTRANSFORM_H #include "../a2de_vals.h" #include "CMatrix4x4.h" #include "CVector3D.h" #include <vector> A2DE_BEGIN class Transform { public: Transform(); Transform(Transform* parent); Transform(const Transform& other); Transform& operator=(const Transform& rhs); virtual ~Transform(); void SetParent(Transform* parent); void AddChild(Transform* child); void RemoveChild(Transform* child); Transform* FirstChild(); Transform* LastChild(); Transform* NextChild(); Transform* PreviousChild(); Transform* GetChild(std::size_t index); std::size_t GetChildCount() const; std::size_t GetChildCount(); void SetPosition(const a2de::Vector3D& position); const a2de::Vector3D& GetPosition() const; a2de::Vector3D& GetPosition(); void SetRotation(const a2de::Vector3D& rotation); const a2de::Vector3D& GetRotation() const; a2de::Vector3D& GetRotation(); void SetScale(const a2de::Vector3D& scale); const a2de::Vector3D& GetScale() const; a2de::Vector3D& GetScale(); a2de::Matrix4x4 GetLocalTransform() const; a2de::Matrix4x4 GetLocalTransform(); protected: private: a2de::Vector3D _position; a2de::Vector3D _scale; a2de::Vector3D _rotation; std::size_t _curChildIndex; Transform* _parent; std::vector<Transform*> _children; }; A2DE_END #endif Transform.cpp #include "CTransform.h" #include "CVector2D.h" #include "CVector4D.h" A2DE_BEGIN Transform::Transform() : _position(), _scale(1.0, 1.0), _rotation(), _curChildIndex(0), _parent(nullptr), _children() { /* DO NOTHING */ } Transform::Transform(Transform* parent) : _position(), _scale(1.0, 1.0), _rotation(), _curChildIndex(0), _parent(parent), _children() { /* DO NOTHING */ } Transform::Transform(const Transform& other) : _position(other._position), _scale(other._scale), _rotation(other._rotation), _curChildIndex(0), _parent(other._parent), _children(other._children) { /* DO NOTHING */ } Transform& Transform::operator=(const Transform& rhs) { if(this == &rhs) return *this; this->_position = rhs._position; this->_scale = rhs._scale; this->_rotation = rhs._rotation; this->_curChildIndex = 0; this->_parent = rhs._parent; this->_children = rhs._children; return *this; } Transform::~Transform() { _children.clear(); _parent = nullptr; } void Transform::SetParent(Transform* parent) { _parent = parent; } void Transform::AddChild(Transform* child) { if(child == nullptr) return; _children.push_back(child); } void Transform::RemoveChild(Transform* child) { if(_children.empty()) return; _children.erase(std::remove(_children.begin(), _children.end(), child), _children.end()); } Transform* Transform::FirstChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; return *(_children.begin()); } Transform* Transform::LastChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; return *(_children.end()); } Transform* Transform::NextChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; std::size_t s(_children.size()); if(_curChildIndex >= s) { _curChildIndex = s; return nullptr; } return _children[_curChildIndex++]; } Transform* Transform::PreviousChild() { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; if(_curChildIndex == 0) { return nullptr; } return _children[_curChildIndex--]; } Transform* Transform::GetChild(std::size_t index) { if(_children.empty()) return nullptr; if(index > _children.size()) return nullptr; return _children[index]; } std::size_t Transform::GetChildCount() const { if(_children.empty()) return 0; return _children.size(); } std::size_t Transform::GetChildCount() { return static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetChildCount(); } void Transform::SetPosition(const a2de::Vector3D& position) { _position = position; } const a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetPosition() const { return _position; } a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetPosition() { return const_cast<a2de::Vector3D&>(static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetPosition()); } void Transform::SetRotation(const a2de::Vector3D& rotation) { _rotation = rotation; } const a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetRotation() const { return _rotation; } a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetRotation() { return const_cast<a2de::Vector3D&>(static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetRotation()); } void Transform::SetScale(const a2de::Vector3D& scale) { _scale = scale; } const a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetScale() const { return _scale; } a2de::Vector3D& Transform::GetScale() { return const_cast<a2de::Vector3D&>(static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetScale()); } a2de::Matrix4x4 Transform::GetLocalTransform() const { Matrix4x4 p((_parent ? _parent->GetLocalTransform() : a2de::Matrix4x4::GetIdentity())); Matrix4x4 t(a2de::Matrix4x4::GetTranslationMatrix(_position)); Matrix4x4 r(a2de::Matrix4x4::GetRotationMatrix(_rotation)); Matrix4x4 s(a2de::Matrix4x4::GetScaleMatrix(_scale)); return (p * t * r * s); } a2de::Matrix4x4 Transform::GetLocalTransform() { return static_cast<const Transform&>(*this).GetLocalTransform(); } A2DE_END

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  • vector rotations for branches of a 3d tree

    - by freefallr
    I'm attempting to create a 3d tree procedurally. I'm hoping that someone can check my vector rotation maths, as I'm a bit confused. I'm using an l-system (a recursive algorithm for generating branches). The trunk of the tree is the root node. It's orientation is aligned to the y axis. In the next iteration of the tree (e.g. the first branches), I might create a branch that is oriented say by +10 degrees in the X axis and a similar amount in the Z axis, relative to the trunk. I know that I should keep a rotation matrix at each branch, so that it can be applied to child branches, along with any modifications to the child branch. My questions then: for the trunk, the rotation matrix - is that just the identity matrix * initial orientation vector ? for the first branch (and subsequent branches) - I'll "inherit" the rotation matrix of the parent branch, and apply x and z rotations to that also. e.g. using glm::normalize; using glm::rotateX; using glm::vec4; using glm::mat4; using glm::rotate; vec4 vYAxis = vec4(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); vec4 vInitial = normalize( rotateX( vYAxis, 10.0f ) ); mat4 mRotation = mat4(1.0); // trunk rotation matrix = identity * initial orientation vector mRotation *= vInitial; // first branch = parent rotation matrix * this branches rotations mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // x rotation mRotation *= rotate( 10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // z rotation Are my maths and approach correct, or am I completely wrong? Finally, I'm using the glm library with OpenGL / C++ for this. Is the order of x rotation and z rotation important?

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  • ActionScript applying rotation of sprite to startDrag()'s rectangle bounds

    - by TheDarkIn1978
    i've added a square sprite to the stage which, when dragged, is contained within set boundaries. private function swatchBounds():Rectangle { var stageBounds = new Rectangle ( 0 - defaultSwatchRect.x, 0 - defaultSwatchRect.y, stage.stageWidth - defaultSwatchRect.width, stage.stageHeight - defaultSwatchRect.height ); return stageBounds; } if the square sprite is scaled, the following returned rectangle boundary works private function swatchBounds():Rectangle { var stageBounds = new Rectangle ( 0 - defaultSwatchRect.x * swatchObject.scaleX, 0 - defaultSwatchRect.y * swatchObject.scaleY, stage.stageWidth - defaultSwatchRect.width * swatchObject.scaleX, stage.stageHeight - defaultSwatchRect.height * swatchObject.scaleY ); return stageBounds; } now i'm trying to include the square sprites rotation into the mix. math certainly isn't my forté, but i feel i'm on the write track. however, i just can't seem to wrap my head around it to get it right private function swatchBounds():Rectangle { var stageBounds = new Rectangle ( 0 - defaultSwatchRect.x * swatchObject.scaleX * Math.cos(defaultSwatchRect.x * swatchObject.rotation), 0 - defaultSwatchRect.y * swatchObject.scaleY * Math.sin(defaultSwatchRect.y * swatchObject.rotation), stage.stageWidth - defaultSwatchRect.width * swatchObject.scaleX * Math.cos(defaultSwatchRect.width * swatchObject.rotation), stage.stageHeight - defaultSwatchRect.height * swatchObject.scaleY * Math.sin(defaultSwatchRect.height * swatchObject.rotation) ); return stageBounds; }

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  • Changing direction of rotation Pygame

    - by czl
    How would you change the direction of a rotating image/rect in Pygame? Applying positive and negative degree values works but it seems to only be able to rotate one direction throughout my window. Is there a way to ensure a change in direction of rotation? Perhaps change up rotation of a spinning image every 5 seconds, or if able to change the direction of the spin when hitting a X or Y axis. I've added some code below. It seems like switching movement directions is easy with rect.move_ip as long as I specify a speed and have location clause, it does what I want. Unfortunately rotation is't like that. Here I'l adding angles to make sure it spins, but no matter what I try, I'm unable to negate the rotation. def rotate_image(self): #rotate image orig_rect = self.image.get_rect() rot_image = pygame.transform.rotate(self.image, self.angle) rot_rect = orig_rect.copy() rot_rect.center = rot_image.get_rect().center rot_image = rot_image.subsurface(rot_rect).copy() return rot_image def render(self): self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) self.rect.move_ip(0,5) #Y axis movement at 5 px per frame self.angle += 5 #add 5 anglewhen the rect has not hit one of the window self.angle %= 360 if self.rect.left < 0 or self.rect.right > self.width: self.speed[0] = -self.speed[0] self.angle = -self.angle #tried to invert the angle self.angle -= 5 #trying to negate the angle rotation self.angle %= 360 self.screen.blit(self.rotate_image(),self.rect) pygame.display.flip() I would really like to know how to invert rotation of a image. You may provide your own examples.

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  • Finding the shorter turning direction towards a target

    - by A.B.
    I'm trying to implement a type of movement where the object gradually faces the target. The problem I've run into is figuring out which turning direction is faster. The following code works until the object's orientation crosses the -PI or PI threshold, at which point it will start turning into the opposite direction void moveToPoint(sf::Vector2f destination) { if (destination == position) return; auto distance = distanceBetweenPoints(position, destination); auto direction = angleBetweenPoints(position, destination); /// Decides whether incrementing or decrementing orientation is faster /// the next line is the problem if (atan2(sin(direction - rotation), cos(direction - rotation)) > 0 ) { /// Increment rotation rotation += rotation_speed; } else { /// Decrement rotation rotation -= rotation_speed; } if (distance < movement_speed) { position = destination; } else { position.x = position.x + movement_speed*cos(rotation); position.y = position.y + movement_speed*sin(rotation); } updateGraphics(); } 'rotation' and 'rotation_speed' are implemented as custom data type for radians which cannot have values lower than -PI and greater than PI. Any excess or deficit "wraps around". For example, -3.2 becomes ~3.08.

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  • Android CheckBox -- Restoring State After Screen Rotation

    - by Jared M
    I have come across some very unexpected (and incredibly frustrating) functionality while trying to restore the state of a list of CheckBoxes after a screen rotation. I figured I first would try to give a textual explanation without the code, in case someone is able to determine a solution without all the gory details. If anyone needs more details I can post the code. I have a scrolling list of complex Views that contain CheckBoxes. I have been unsuccessful in restoring the state of these check boxes after a screen rotation. I have implemented onSaveInstanceState and have successfully transfered the list of selected check boxes to the onCreate method. This is handled by passing a long[] of database ids to the Bundle. In onCreate() I check the Bundle for the array of ids. If the array is there I use it to determine which check boxes to check when the list is being built. I have created a number of test methods and have confirmed that the check boxes are being set correctly, based on the id array. As a last check I am checking the states of all check boxes at the very end of onCreate(). Everything looks good... unless I rotate the screen. When I rotate the screen, one of two things happens: 1) If any number of the check boxes are selected, except for the last one, all check boxes are off after a rotation. 2) If the last check box is checked before rotation, then all check boxes are checked after rotation. Like I said, I check the state of the boxes at the very end of my onCreate(). The thing is, the state of the boxes at the end of onCreate is correct based on what I selected before the rotation. However, the state of the boxes on the screen does not reflect this. In addition, I have implemented each check box's setOnCheckChangedListener() and I have confirmed that my check boxes' state's are being altered after my onCreate method returns. Anyone have an idea of what is going on? Why would the state of my check boxes change after my onCreate method returns? Thanks in advance for your help. I have been trying to degub this for a couple days now. After I found that my check boxes were apparently changing somewhere outside my own code I figured it was time to ask around.

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  • pcap stream rotation and pruning

    - by pilcrow
    Some of my servers collect a lot of packet data. Is there a utility (or patch to tcpdump(1)) to log a pcap stream to disk which: Rotates based on size of data written Prunes written files, keeping only the N most recent Does not re-use output filenames Is self-contained (Ruling out, e.g., a rotation with external pruning via crond(8)+tmpwatch(8)) Basically I want a multilog or svlogd that groks the pcap record format. The -W filecount option of tcpdump-4.0.0 "prunes" by recycling old filenames, which violates #3 above, forcing me to consult mtimes to determine recency and providing no guarantees against surprise truncation of the log file. The -G option introduces strftime(2)-specifier support in output filenames, which would give me at least second-precision in file names, but I can't figure out how to get pruning to work with this scheme.

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  • Help with calculation to steer ship in 3d space

    - by Aaron Anodide
    I'm a beginner using XNA to try and make a 3D Asteroids game. I'm really close to having my space ship drive around as if it had thrusters for pitch and yaw. The problem is I can't quite figure out how to translate the rotations, for instance, when I pitch forward 45 degrees and then start to turn - in this case there should be rotation being applied to all three directions to get the "diagonal yaw" - right? I thought I had it right with the calculations below, but they cause a partly pitched forward ship to wobble instead of turn.... :( Here's current (almost working) calculations for the Rotation acceleration: float accel = .75f; // Thrust +Y / Forward if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.I)) { this.ship.AccelerationY += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationZ) * accel; this.ship.AccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationZ) * -accel; this.ship.AccelerationZ += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; } // Rotation +Z / Yaw if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.J)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationZ += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationY += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationY) * accel; } // Rotation -Z / Yaw if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.K)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationZ += (float)Math.Cos(this.ship.RotationX) * -accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationY += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationX) * -accel; this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += (float)Math.Sin(this.ship.RotationY) * -accel; } // Rotation +X / Pitch if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.F)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationX += accel; } // Rotation -X / Pitch if (currentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.D)) { this.ship.RotationAccelerationX -= accel; } I'm combining that with drawing code that does a rotation to the model: public void Draw(Matrix world, Matrix view, Matrix projection, TimeSpan elsapsedTime) { float seconds = (float)elsapsedTime.TotalSeconds; // update velocity based on acceleration this.VelocityX += this.AccelerationX * seconds; this.VelocityY += this.AccelerationY * seconds; this.VelocityZ += this.AccelerationZ * seconds; // update position based on velocity this.PositionX += this.VelocityX * seconds; this.PositionY += this.VelocityY * seconds; this.PositionZ += this.VelocityZ * seconds; // update rotational velocity based on rotational acceleration this.RotationVelocityX += this.RotationAccelerationX * seconds; this.RotationVelocityY += this.RotationAccelerationY * seconds; this.RotationVelocityZ += this.RotationAccelerationZ * seconds; // update rotation based on rotational velocity this.RotationX += this.RotationVelocityX * seconds; this.RotationY += this.RotationVelocityY * seconds; this.RotationZ += this.RotationVelocityZ * seconds; Matrix translation = Matrix.CreateTranslation(PositionX, PositionY, PositionZ); Matrix rotation = Matrix.CreateRotationX(RotationX) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(RotationY) * Matrix.CreateRotationZ(RotationZ); model.Root.Transform = rotation * translation * world; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect effect in mesh.Effects) { effect.World = boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]; effect.View = view; effect.Projection = projection; effect.EnableDefaultLighting(); } mesh.Draw(); } }

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  • Calculate rotation between two Vector2s around a pivot

    - by Nick
    Hello all. After a good long Sunday google I am going to have to hang my head in shame and ask the question... What I have is a pivot vector2, a "Previous" vector2 and a "Current" vector2. I would like to be able to calculate the rotation in radians between them. A slight complication is the fact that the pivot may moved between previous and current but ill deal with the offsetting as a separate issue if you don't have the time to bring that into the fold. To clarify, an object which has two vectors, a pivot and a base ... the pivot sitting in the centre and the base at the bottom is rotated around an external pivot. I need to work out the rotation of the object itself around its centre using the two mentioned vectors. Very big thanks to anyone that can help. Background to problem I have a game where an object is rotated around an external pivot. By using using two points (one in the centre, one at the base of the object) I am wanting to to work out the rotation that needs to be applied to the objects sprite around its centre to conform to the larger rotation that has been applied.

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