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  • Is it possible to create a quine in every turing-complete language?

    - by sub
    I just wanted to know if it is 100% possible, if my language is turing-complete, to write a program in it that prints itself out (of course not using a file reading function) So if the language just has the really necessary things in order to make it turing complete (I would prove that by translating Brainf*ck code to it), like output, variables, conditions and gotos (hell yes, gotos), can I try writing a quine in it? I'm also asking this because I'm not sure that a quine directly fits into Turing's law that the turing machine is capable of any computational task. I just want to know so I don't try for years without knowing that it may be impossible.

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  • GDL Presents: Van Gogh Meets Alan Turing

    GDL Presents: Van Gogh Meets Alan Turing How can art and daily life be joined together? Host Ido Green chats with creators Uri Shaked & Tom Teman about tackling this question with their "Music Room" -- a case study in the power of Android -- and with Emmanuel Witzthum on his project "Dissolving Realities," which aims to connect the virtual environment of the Internet using Google Street View. Host: Ido Green, Developer Advocate Guests: Uri Shaked and Emmanuel Witzthum From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 0 0 ratings Time: 00:00 More in Science & Technology

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  • Does Turing-complete implies possibility of malware? [closed]

    - by Mathematician82
    Is it possible to build an operating system that contains some Turing complete compiler (language?) but is unable to run any malware? Or is there any definition for a malware? This question popped on my mind as I was wondering why Windows has more malware than Linux. If Linux contains a C programming language and its compiler, I think it is possible to write a Linux program that works similarly than Windows viruses. But there are less malware for Linux than for Windows although there is a Wine for Linux to simulate Windows programs.

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  • what practical proofs are there about the Turing completeness of neural nets? what nns can execute c

    - by Albert
    I'm interested in the computational power of neural nets. It is generally accepted that recurrent neural nets are Turing complete. Now I was searching for some papers which proofs this. What I found so far: Turing computability with neural nets, Hava T. Siegelmann and Eduardo D. Sontag, 1991 I think this is only interesting from a theoretical point of view because it needs to have the neuron activity of infinite exactness (to encode the state somehow as a rational number). S. Franklin and M. Garzon, Neural computability This needs an unbounded number of neurons and also doesn't really seem to be that much practical. (Note that another question of mine tries to point out this kind of problem between such theoretical results and the practice.) I'm searching mostly for some neural net which really can execute some code which I can also simulate and test in practice. Of course, in practice, they would have some kind of limited memory. Does anyone know something like this?

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  • Can these sorts of programs exist in every Turing-complete language?

    - by I can't tell you my name.
    In every Turing-Complete language, is it possible to create a working Compiler for itself which first runs on an interpreter written in some other language and then compiles it's own source code? (Bootstrapping) Standards-Compilant C++ compiler which outputs binaries for, e.g.: Windows? Regex Parser and Evaluater? World of Warcraft clone? (Assuming the language gets the necessary API bindings as, for example, OpenGL and the WoW source code is available) (Everything here theoretical) Let's take Brainf*ck as an example language.

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  • I've heard that LaTeX is Turing complete. Are there any programs written in LaTeX?

    - by ire_and_curses
    It's possible to do interesting things with what would ordinarily be thought of as typesetting languages. For example, you can construct the Mandelbrot set using postscript. It is suggested in this MathOverflow question that LaTeX may be Turing-complete. This implies the ability to write arbitrary programs (although it may not be easy!). Does anyone know of any concrete example of such a program in LaTeX, which does something highly unusual with the language?

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  • Why call-by-value evaluation strategy is not Turing complete?

    - by Roman
    I'm reading an article about different evaluation strategies (I linked article in wiki, but I'm reading another one not in English). And it says that unlike to call-by-name and call-by-need strategies, call-by-value strategy is not Turing complete. Can anybody explain, please, why is it so? If it's possible, add an example pls.

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  • Commémoration du centenaire d'Alan Turing, "il était l'un des premiers à établir ce qu'était un ordinateur" pour le directeur de Microsoft Research

    Commémoration du centenaire d'Alan Turing « il était l'un des premiers à établir ce qu'était un ordinateur » pour le directeur de Microsoft Research Ce samedi 23 juin 2012 marquera le centième anniversaire d'Alan Turing, un pionnier de l'informatique moderne. Considéré comme « le père de l'ordinateur », Alan Turing est un mathématicien britannique né en 1912. Il est connu pour avoir percé le code de l'encodeuse Enigma utilisée par les nazis lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour chiffrer les messages. En 1950, il créa le célèbre « Test de Turing », qu'il formula dans l'article « Computing Machinery and Intelligence », dans lequel il qualifie un ordinateur d'intelligent si celui-ci...

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  • Un ordinateur réussit pour la première fois le test de Turing en se faisant passer pour un garçon de 13 ans

    Un ordinateur réussit pour la première fois le test de Turing en se faisant passer pour un garçon de 13 ansUn ordinateur grâce à un programme informatique a réussi pour la première fois à convaincre des chercheurs qu'il était un enfant de 13 ans, devenant ainsi la première machine à passer le test Turing.L'exploit réalisé par cette machine marque une date qui sera probablement écrite dans les annales de l'informatique et plus précisément de l'intelligence artificielle. Le test de Turing a été établi...

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  • Can a programming language without arrays be turing-complete?

    - by Ring
    My question is simple: There are no arrays possible. That means you can address variables only "statically" by directly using their unique name. (This already throws out the default array syntax variable[ index ] and variable variables) "Emulated arrays" are counted as arrays and excluded too. Examples: You could basically simulate arrays using strings (quite easily actually) or use variable variables as in PHP. Can such a language be turing-complete? Brainf*ck for example has arrays, in fact it is one big array, isn't it?

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  • How to create a Turing machine that takes a single digit decimal number from 0 - 9 and output the cu

    - by Julian
    I'm working on a project for a Turning machine but having problems conceptualizing the steps. f(x) = x^3, where x is a single digit between 0 - 9 inclusive. Based on my understanding I am to convert the number to binary but how do I find the cube of a number in binary. Also, how do I write the cube on the tape. So far I'm thinking I should create a state diagram that accepts the binary versions of 0-9 but what next?

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  • Is there a better approach to speech synthesis than text-to-speech for more natural output? [closed]

    - by Anne Nonimus
    We've all heard the output of text-to-speech systems, and for anything but very short phrases, it sounds very machine-like. The ultimate goal of speech synthesis systems is to pass a Turing test of hearing. Clearly, the state of the art in text-to-speech has much to improve. However, speech synthesis isn't restricted to just text-to-speech systems, and I'm wondering if other approaches have been tried with better success. In other words, has there been any work done (libraries, software, research papers, etc.) on natural speech synthesis other than text-to-speech systems?

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  • Simple reduction (NP completeness)

    - by Allen
    hey guys I'm looking for a means to prove that the bicriteria shortest path problem is np complete. That is, given a graph with lengths and weights, I need to know if a there exists a path in the graph from s to t with total length <= L and weight <= W. I know that i must take an NP complete problem and reduce it to this one. We have at our disposal the following problems to choose from: 3-SAT, independent set, vertex cover, hamiltonian cycle, and 3-dimensional matching. Any ideas on which may be viable? thanks

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  • Configuring an offscreen framebuffer fails the completeness test

    - by randallmeadows
    I'm trying to create an offscreen framebuffer into which I can do some OpenGL drawing, and then pull the bits out manually. I'm following the instructions here, but in step 4, status is 0 instead of GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_OES. If I insert a call go glGetError() after every gl call, it returns 0 (GL_NO_ERROR) every time. But, the values of variables do not change during the call. E.g., GLuint framebuffer; glGenFramebuffersOES(1, &framebuffer); glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, framebuffer); the value of framebuffer does not get altered at all (even when I change it to some arbitrary value and re-execute). It's almost like the gl calls are not actually being made. I'm linking against OpenGLES framework, and get no compile, link, or run-time errors (or warnings). I'm at a loss as to what to do to fix this. I've tried continuing on with my drawing, but do not see the results I expect, but at this point I can't tell whether it's because of the above error, or the conversion to a UIImage.

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  • How could a quine in my programming language look?

    - by ads
    I have created a turing-complete programming language (already proven) so it must be possible to write a quine for it, right? But all quines I know store their source code in a string and then replace a special character in it using something like chr and ord. My language only has the following Basic arithmetics Int and string types Variables == operator Conditional gotos I have no idea how I could write a quine as I have no real string manipulation available, I can only output constant strings. Yet, it is 100% turing-complete.

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  • What makes people think that NNs have more computational power than existing models?

    - by Bubba88
    I've read in Wikipedia that neural-network functions defined on a field of arbitrary real/rational numbers (along with algorithmic schemas, and the speculative `transrecursive' models) have more computational power than the computers we use today. Of course it was a page of russian wikipedia (ru.wikipedia.org) and that may be not properly proven, but that's not the only source of such.. rumors Now, the thing that I really do not understand is: How can a string-rewriting machine (NNs are exactly string-rewriting machines just as Turing machines are; only programming language is different) be more powerful than a universally capable U-machine? Yes, the descriptive instrument is really different, but the fact is that any function of such class can be (easily or not) turned to be a legal Turing-machine. Am I wrong? Do I miss something important? What is the cause of people saying that? I do know that the fenomenum of undecidability is widely accepted today (though not consistently proven according to what I've read), but I do not really see a smallest chance of NNs being able to solve that particular problem. Add-in: Not consistently proven according to what I've read - I meant that you might want to take a look at A. Zenkin's (russian mathematician) papers after mid-90-s where he persuasively postulates the wrongness of G. Cantor's concepts, including transfinite sets, uncountable sets, diagonalization method (method used in the proof of undecidability by Turing) and maybe others. Even Goedel's incompletness theorems were proven in right way in only 21-st century.. That's all just to plug Zenkin's work to the post cause I don't know how widespread that knowledge is in CS community so forgive me if that did look stupid. Thank you!

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  • Really minimum lisp

    - by Mgccl
    What is the minimum set of primitives required such that a language is Turing complete and a lisp variant? Seems like car, cdr and some flow control and something for REPL is enough. It be nice if there is such list. Assume there are only 3 types of data, integers, symbols and lists.(like in picolisp)

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  • The Immerman-Szelepcsenyi Theorem

    - by Daniel Lorch
    In the Immerman-Szelepcsenyi Theorem, two algorithms are specified that use non-determinisim. There is a rather lengthy algorithm using "inductive counting", which determines the number of reachable configurations for a given non-deterministic turing machine. The algorithm looks like this: Let m_{i+1}=0 For all configurations C Let b=0, r=0 For all configurations D Guess a path from I to D in at most i steps If found Let r=r+1 If D=C or D goes to C in 1 step Let b=1 If r<m_i halt and reject Let m_{i+1}=m_{i+1}+b I is the starting configuration. m_i is the number of configurations reachable from the starting configuration in i steps. This algorithm only calculates the "next step", i.e. m_i+1 from m_i. This seems pretty reasonable, but since we have nondeterminisim, why don't we just write: Let m_i = 0 For all configurations C Guess a path from I to C in at most i steps If found m_i = m_i + 1 What is wrong with this algorithm? I am using nondeterminism to guess a path from I to C, and I verify reachability I am iterating through the list of ALL configurations, so I am sure to not miss any configuration I respect space bounds I can generate a certificate (the list of reachable configs) I believe I have a misunderstanding of the "power" of non-determinisim, but I can't figure out where to look next. I am stuck on this for quite a while and I would really appreciate any help.

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  • Python 2.7 list of lists manipulation functionality

    - by user3688163
    I am trying to perform several operations on the myList list of lists below and am having some trouble figuring it out. I am very new to Python. myList = [ ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC','Break',3275,33,33725102303,296384802,20140107], ['Issue Id','2.Validity check1 for OTC','Break',3308,0,34021487105,0,20140107], ['Issue Id','3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3308,0,34021487105,0,20140107], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST','Break',73376,1,8.24931E+11,44690130,20140107], ['Issue Id','5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73377,0,8.24976E+11,0,20140107], ['Liquidity','1. OTC - Null','Break',7821 0,2.28291E+11,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','2. OTC - Unmapped','Break',7778,43,2.27712E+11,579021732.8,20140110], ['Liquidity','3. RST - Null','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','4. RST - Unmapped','Break',334608,512,1.01351E+12,735465433.1,20140110], ['Liquidity','5. RST - Valid','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC','Break',3292,33,32397924450,306203929,20140110], ['Issue Id','2.Validity check1 for OTC','Break',3325,0,32704128379,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3325,0,32704128379,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST','Break',73594,3,8.5352E+11,69614602,20140110], ['Issue Id','5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73597,0,8.5359E+11,0,20140110], ['Unlinked Silver ID','DQ','Break',3201318,176,20000000,54974.33386,20140101], ['Missing GCI','DQ','Break',3201336,158,68000000,49351.9588,20140101], ['Missing Book','DQ Break',3192720,8774,3001000000,2740595.484,20140101], ['Matured Trades','DQ','Break',3201006,488,1371000000,152428.8348,20140101], ['Illiquid Trades','1.Completeness Check for range','Break',43122,47,88597695671,54399061.43,20140107], ['Illiquid Trades','2.Completeness Check for non','Break',39033,0,79133622401,0,20140107] ] I am trying to get the result below but do not know how to do so: newList = [ ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC:2.Validity check1 for OTC:3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3275,33,33725102303,296384802,20140107], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST:5.Validity check1 for RST','Break',73376,1,8.24931E+11,44690130,20140107], ['Liquidity','1. OTC - Null','Break:2. OTC - Unmapped','Break',7821 0,2.28291E+11,0,20140110], ['Liquidity','3. RST - Null:4. RST - Unmapped:5. RST - Valid','Break',335120,0,1.01425E+12,0,20140110], ['Issue Id','1.Completeness for OTC:2.Validity check1 for OTC:3.Validity check2 for OTC','Break',3292,33,32397924450,306203929,20140110], ['Issue Id','4.Completeness for RST:5. RST - Valid','Break',73594,3,8.5352E+11,69614602,20140110], ['Unlinked Silver ID','DQ','Break',3201318,176,20000000,54974.33386,20140101], ['Missing GCI','DQ','Break',3201336,158,68000000,49351.9588,20140101], ['Missing Book','DQ Break',3192720,8774,3001000000,2740595.484,20140101], ['Matured Trades','DQ','Break',3201006,488,1371000000,152428.8348,20140101], ['Illiquid Trades','1.Completeness Check for range','Break',43122,47,88597695671,54399061.43,20140107], ['Illiquid Trades','2.Completeness Check for non','Break',39033,0,79133622401,0,20140107] ] Rules to create newList. Create a new list in the newList list of lists if the values in the lists meet the following conditions: multiple lists that match on `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` but with have (1) sums of `myList[i][3]` and `myList[i][4]` and (2) sums of `myList[i][5]` and `myList[i][6]` that are different from each other are just listed as is in newList if multiple lists match on both `myList[i][0]` (this is the type) and `myList[i][7]` (this is the date) are the same then create a new list for each set of lists with mathcing `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` that have (1) sums of `myList[i][3]` and `myList[i][4]` and (2) sums of `myList[i][5]` and `myList[i][6]` that are different from the other lists with mathcing `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]`. I also am trying to concatenate `myList[i][1]` separated by a ':' for all those lists with matching `myList[i][0]` and `myList[i][7]` and with sums of `myList[i][3]` + `myList[i][4]` and `myList[i][5]` + `myList[i][6]` that match. So essentially for this case only those lists in `myList` with sums of `myList[i][3]` + `myList[i][4]` and `myList[i][5]` + `myList[i][6]` are different from the other lists are then listed in newList. The above newList illustrates these results I am trying to achieve. If anyone has any ideas how to do this they would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

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  • Creating a computer with pencil and paper [closed]

    - by Justian Meyer
    This concept has been brought to my attention before, but many people might know it from this popular comic here, where he uses stones instead of points on a paper. This concept is so abstract to me. A full-functioning computer that can manage algorithms, input, output, etc. without electricity? Surely, it's difficult to visualize because my definition of a computer is not exactly what the word sounds like COMPUTE-ER. Can someone help me bring the concept to light - the understanding, how to make one, etc? It seems like it'd be an interesting read, although I think I wouldn't be able to make it do anything. Many thanks in advance for responses. I've tried searching Google, but all I got were ways to diagram code and chart ideas. -.Justian.

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  • Ways to improve completeness of files for data recovery and scanning?

    - by SteveO
    I am using R-studio for data recovery on one of my ntfs partition. There is a pdf file about 16MB, but the software can only recover 15MB of it. So I am thinking about what ways can be used to improve the quality of scanning and recovery by the software? I am looking around its preferences. I am not quite sure whether there are some adjustable parameters for scanning and recovery which can be fine-tuned to improve the quality? R-studio has a free demo version, for which scanning is free,but recovery isn't. It is downloadable from http://www.data-recovery-software.net/Data_Recovery_Download.shtml Its manual is here http://www.r-tt.com/downloads/Recovery_Manual.pdf. I have tried my best to search for answers in the manual, but failed to find one. Their technical support is not as good as their software, and helpless usually in my opinion. Thanks!

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