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• Unit tests vs Functional Testing

  - by mousey

  Hi, I just want to know what is actual difference between unit tests and functional tests ? I am asking this because a unit test can also test a function right ?

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• Regression testing with Selenium GRID

  - by Ben Adderson

  A lot of software teams out there are tasked with supporting and maintaining systems that have grown organically over time, and the web team here at Red Gate is no exception. We're about to embark on our first significant refactoring endeavour for some time, and as such its clearly paramount that the code be tested thoroughly for regressions. Unfortunately we currently find ourselves with a codebase that isn't very testable - the three layers (database, business logic and UI) are currently tightly coupled. This leaves us with the unfortunate problem that, in order to confidently refactor the code, we need unit tests. But in order to write unit tests, we need to refactor the code :S To try and ease the initial pain of decoupling these layers, I've been looking into the idea of using UI automation to provide a sort of system-level regression test suite. The idea being that these tests can help us identify regressions whilst we work towards a more testable codebase, at which point the more traditional combination of unit and integration tests can take over. Ending up with a strong battery of UI tests is also a nice bonus :) Following on from my previous posts (here, here and here) I knew I wanted to use Selenium. I also figured that this would be a good excuse to put my xUnit [Browser] attribute to good use. Pretty quickly, I had a raft of tests that looked like the following (this particular example uses Reflector Pro). In a nut shell the test traverses our shopping cart and, for a particular combination of number of users and months of support, checks that the price calculations all come up with the correct values. [BrowserTheory] [Browser(Browsers.Firefox3_6, "http://www.red-gate.com")] public void Purchase1UserLicenceNoSupport(SeleniumProvider seleniumProvider) {     //Arrange     _browser = seleniumProvider.GetBrowser();     _browser.Open("http://www.red-gate.com/dynamic/shoppingCart/ProductOption.aspx?Product=ReflectorPro");                  //Act     _browser = ShoppingCartHelpers.TraverseShoppingCart(_browser, 1, 0, ".NET Reflector Pro");     //Assert     var priceResult = PriceHelpers.GetNewPurchasePrice(db, "ReflectorPro", 1, 0, Currencies.Euros);         Assert.Equal(priceResult.Price, _browser.GetText("ctl00_content_InvoiceShoppingItemRepeater_ctl01_Price"));     Assert.Equal(priceResult.Tax, _browser.GetText("ctl00_content_InvoiceShoppingItemRepeater_ctl02_Tax"));     Assert.Equal(priceResult.Total, _browser.GetText("ctl00_content_InvoiceShoppingItemRepeater_ctl02_Total")); } These tests are pretty concise, with much of the common code in the TraverseShoppingCart() and GetNewPurchasePrice() methods. The (inevitable) problem arose when it came to execute these tests en masse. Selenium is a very slick tool, but it can't mask the fact that UI automation is very slow. To give you an idea, the set of cases that covers all of our products, for all combinations of users and support, came to 372 tests (for now only considering purchases in dollars). In the world of automated integration tests, that's a very manageable number. For unit tests, it's a trifle. However for UI automation, those 372 tests were taking just over two hours to run. Two hours may not sound like a lot, but those cases only cover one of the three currencies we deal with, and only one of the many different ways our systems can be asked to calculate a price. It was already pretty clear at this point that in order for this approach to be viable, I was going to have to find a way to speed things up. Up to this point I had been using Selenium Remote Control to automate Firefox, as this was the approach I had used previously and it had worked well. Fortunately,  the guys at SeleniumHQ also maintain a tool for executing multiple Selenium RC tests in parallel: Selenium Grid. Selenium Grid uses a central 'hub' to handle allocation of Selenium tests to individual RCs. The Remote Controls simply register themselves with the hub when they start, and then wait to be assigned work. The (for me) really clever part is that, as far as the client driver library is concerned, the grid hub looks exactly the same as a vanilla remote control. To create a new browser session against Selenium RC, the following C# code suffices: new DefaultSelenium("localhost", 4444, "*firefox", "http://www.red-gate.com"); This assumes that the RC is running on the local machine, and is listening on port 4444 (the default). Assuming the hub is running on your local machine, then to create a browser session in Selenium Grid, via the hub rather than directly against the control, the code is exactly the same! Behind the scenes, the hub will take this request and hand it off to one of the registered RCs that provides the "*firefox" execution environment. It will then pass all communications back and forth between the test runner and the remote control transparently. This makes running existing RC tests on a Selenium Grid a piece of cake, as the developers intended. For a more detailed description of exactly how Selenium Grid works, see this page. Once I had a test environment capable of running multiple tests in parallel, I needed a test runner capable of doing the same. Unfortunately, this does not currently exist for xUnit (boo!). MbUnit on the other hand, has the concept of concurrent execution baked right into the framework. So after swapping out my assembly references, and fixing up the resulting mismatches in assertions, my example test now looks like this: [Test] public void Purchase1UserLicenceNoSupport() {    //Arrange    ISelenium browser = BrowserHelpers.GetBrowser();    var db = DbHelpers.GetWebsiteDBDataContext();    browser.Start();    browser.Open("http://www.red-gate.com/dynamic/shoppingCart/ProductOption.aspx?Product=ReflectorPro");                 //Act     browser = ShoppingCartHelpers.TraverseShoppingCart(browser, 1, 0, ".NET Reflector Pro");    var priceResult = PriceHelpers.GetNewPurchasePrice(db, "ReflectorPro", 1, 0, Currencies.Euros);    //Assert     Assert.AreEqual(priceResult.Price, browser.GetText("ctl00_content_InvoiceShoppingItemRepeater_ctl01_Price"));     Assert.AreEqual(priceResult.Tax, browser.GetText("ctl00_content_InvoiceShoppingItemRepeater_ctl02_Tax"));     Assert.AreEqual(priceResult.Total, browser.GetText("ctl00_content_InvoiceShoppingItemRepeater_ctl02_Total")); } This is pretty much the same as the xUnit version. The exceptions are that the attributes have changed,  the //Arrange phase now has to handle setting up the ISelenium object, as the attribute that previously did this has gone away, and the test now sets up its own database connection. Previously I was using a shared database connection, but this approach becomes more complicated when tests are being executed concurrently. To avoid complexity each test has its own connection, which it is responsible for closing. For the sake of readability, I snipped out the code that closes the browser session and the db connection at the end of the test. With all that done, there was only one more step required before the tests would execute concurrently. It is necessary to tell the test runner which tests are eligible to run in parallel, via the [Parallelizable] attribute. This can be done at the test, fixture or assembly level. Since I wanted to run all tests concurrently, I marked mine at the assembly level in the AssemblyInfo.cs using the following: [assembly: DegreeOfParallelism(3)] [assembly: Parallelizable(TestScope.All)] The second attribute marks all tests in the assembly as [Parallelizable], whilst the first tells the test runner how many concurrent threads to use when executing the tests. I set mine to three since I was using 3 RCs in separate VMs. With everything now in place, I fired up the Icarus* test runner that comes with MbUnit. Executing my 372 tests three at a time instead of one at a time reduced the running time from 2 hours 10 minutes, to 55 minutes, that's an improvement of about 58%! I'd like to have seen an improvement of 66%, but I can understand that either inefficiencies in the hub code, my test environment or the test runner code (or some combination of all three most likely) contributes to a slightly diminished improvement. That said, I'd love to hear about any experience you have in upping this efficiency. Ultimately though, it was a saving that was most definitely worth having. It makes regression testing via UI automation a far more plausible prospect. The other obvious point to make is that this approach scales far better than executing tests serially. So if ever we need to improve performance, we just register additional RC's with the hub, and up the DegreeOfParallelism. *This was just my personal preference for a GUI runner. The MbUnit/Gallio installer also provides a command line runner, a TestDriven.net runner, and a Resharper 4.5 runner. For now at least, Resharper 5 isn't supported.

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• How to do concurrent modification testing for grails application

  - by werner5471

  I'd like to run tests that simulate users modifying certain data at the same time for a grails application. Are there any plug-ins / tools / mechanisms I can use to do this efficiently? They don't have to be grails specific. It should be possible to fire multiple actions in parallel. I'd prefer to run the tests on functional level (so far I'm using Selenium for other tests) to see the results from the user perspective. Of course this can be done in addition to integration testing if you'd recommend to run concurrent modification tests on integration level as well.

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• Unit Tests as a learning tool - a good idea?

  - by Ekkehard.Horner

  I'm interested in ways and means for learning (a) programming language(s) efficiently. I believe that using Unit Test concepts and infrastructure early in that process is a good thing, even better than starting with "Hello world". Why: To write a decent program even for a toy/restricted problem in a new language, you'll have to master many heterogenous concepts (control flow & variables & IO ...), you are tempted to glance over details just to get your program 'to work'. Putting (your understanding of) the facts about the new language in assertions with good descriptions (=success messages) enforces thinking thru/clearness/precision. Grouping topics and adding assertions to such groups is much easier than incorporation features from the 2. chapter of your "Learning X" book to your chapter 1 program. Why not: 'Real' Unit Tests are meant to output "1234 tests ok; 1 failure: saveWorld() chokes on negative input"; 'didactic' Unit Tests should output relevant facts about the new language like perl6 10-string.t # ### p5chop ... ok 13 - p5chop( "cbä" ) returns "ä" ok 14 - after that, victim is changed to "cb" # ### (p6) chop ... ok 27 - (p6) chop( "cbä" ) returns chopped copy: "cb" ok 18 - after that, victim is unchanged: "cbä" # ### chomp ... So (mis?)using Unit Tests may be counterproductive - practicing actions while learning you wouldn't use professionally. How: Writing 'didactic' Unit Tests in languages with lightweight testing systems (Perl 5/6) is easy; (mis?)using more elaborate systems (JUnit, CppUnit) may be not worth the effort or not suitable for a person just starting with a new language. So Is using Unit Tests as a learning tool a bad idea? Can the Unit Test tool(s) of your favourite language(s) used didactically? Should implementation details (eventually) be discussed here or over at stackoverflow.com?

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• Do you write unit tests for all the time in TDD?

  - by mcaaltuntas

  I have been designing and developing code with TDD style for a long time. What disturbs me about TDD is writing tests for code that does not contain any business logic or interesting behaviour. I know TDD is a design activity more than testing but sometimes I feel it's useless to write tests in these scenarios. For example I have a simple scenario like "When user clicks check button, it should check file's validity". For this scenario I usually start writing tests for presenter/controller class like the one below. @Test public void when_user_clicks_check_it_should_check_selected_file_validity(){ MediaService service =mock(MediaService); View view =mock(View); when(view.getSelectedFile).thenReturns("c:\\Dir\\file.avi"); MediaController controller =new MediaController(service,view); controller.check(); verify(service).check("c:\\Dir\\file.avi"); } As you can see there is no design decision or interesting code to verify behaviour. I am testing values from view passed to MediaService. I usually write but don't like these kind of tests. What do yo do about these situations ? Do you write tests for all the time ? UPDATE : I have changed the test name and code after complaints. Some users said that you should write tests for the trivial cases like this so in the future someone might add interesting behaviour. But what about “Code for today, design for tomorrow.” ? If someone, including myself, adds more interesting code in the future the test can be created for it then. Why should I do it now for the trivial cases ?

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• How to view output .mp files from Functional MetaPost

  - by Jared Updike

  I'm interested in using Functional MetaPost on Mac OS X: http://cryp.to/funcmp/ I'm looking for a tutorial like: http://haskell.org/haskellwiki/Haskell_in_5_steps but for a trivial FuncMP example, i.e. using GHC, I can compile something simple such as: import FMP myPicture = text "blah" main = generate "foo" 1 myPicture but I can't figure out how to view this foo.1.mp output. (It gives a runtime error about not finding 'virmp'; my MetaPost binary is 'mpost'; I can't figure out how to override this Parameter or what my .FunMP file is or should be doing...) I can run mpost on that but the output (foo.1.1) is what, PostScript? EPS? How do I use this? (I imagine I just need a simple LaTeX file with an EPS figure in it or something...) Preferably, I'd like to generate output (.ps or .pdf that I can view) so I an actually get somewhere with Functional MetaPost, learning it, playing with it, not banging my head against paths and binaries and shell commands.

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• Request bursting from web application Load Tests

  - by MaseBase

  I'm migrating our web and database hosting to a new environment on all new machines. I've recently performed a Load Test using WAPT to generate load from multiple distributed clients. The server has plenty of room to handle the traffic load, but I'm seeing an odd pattern of incoming traffic during the load tests. Here is the gist of our setup: Firewall server running MS Forefront TMG 2010 on Win 2k8 server Request routing done by IIS Application Request Routing on firewall machine Web server is a Hyper-V VM on the Database server (which is the host OS) These machines are hefty with dual-CPU's with six cores (12 total procs) Web server running IIS 7.5 Web applications built in ASP.NET 2.0, with 1 ISAPI filter (Url Rewrite) in front What I'm seeing during the load tests is that the requests all come through in bursts. Even though I have 7 different distributed clients sending traffic loads, the requests come through about 300-500 requests at a time. The performance monitor shows nearly all of the counters moving through this pattern, where a burst of requests comes in the req/sec jumps to 70, the queued requests jumps to 500, the current requests jumps up, the CPU jumps up, everything. Then once it's handled that group of requests, it has a lull for nearly 10 seconds where nearly nothing is happening. 0-5 req/sec, 0 queued requests, minimal CPU usage. Then after 10 seconds of inactivity, another burst comes through, spiking all of the counters once again. What I can't figure out is why the requests are coming through in bursts when I know that the load being generated is not sent that way, especially considering the various load-generating clients sending traffic all in different intervals with random think time's between each request. Is there something in the layers between Hyper-V or perhaps in the hardware which might cause this coalesce of requests together? Here is what i'm looking at, the highlighted metric is Requests/sec, but the others critical counter go with it: Requests Queued (which I'd obviously like to keep as close to 0 as possible). Any ideas on this?

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• As our favorite imperative languages gain functional constructs, should loops be considered a code s

  - by Michael Buen

  In allusion to Dare Obasanjo's impressions on Map, Reduce, Filter (Functional Programming in C# 3.0: How Map/Reduce/Filter can Rock your World) "With these three building blocks, you could replace the majority of the procedural for loops in your application with a single line of code. C# 3.0 doesn't just stop there." Should we increasingly use them instead of loops? And should be having loops(instead of those three building blocks of data manipulation) be one of the metrics for coding horrors on code reviews? And why? [NOTE] I'm not advocating fully functional programming on those codes that could be simply translated to loops(e.g. tail recursions) Asking for politer term. Considering that the phrase "code smell" is not so diplomatic, I posted another question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/432492/whats-the-politer-word-for-code-smell about the right word for "code smell", er.. utterly bad code. Should that phrase have a place in our programming parlance?

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• Do you know the minimum builds to create on any branch?

  - by Martin Hinshelwood

  You should always have three builds on your team project. These should be setup and tested using an empty solution before you write any code at all. Figure: Three builds named in the format [TeamProject].[AreaPath]_[Branch].[Gate|CI|Nightly] for every branch.   These builds should use the same XAML build workflow; however you may set them up to run a different set of tests depending on the time it takes to run a full build. Gate – Only needs to run the smallest set of tests, but should run most if not all of the Unit Test. This is run before developers are allowed to check-in CI – This should run all Unit Tests and all of the automated UI tests. It is run after a developer check-in. Nightly – The Nightly build should run all of the Unit Tests, all of the Automated UI tests and all of the Load and Performance tests. The nightly build is time consuming and will run but once a night. Packaging of your Product for testing the next day may be done at this stage as well. Figure: You can control what tests are run and what data is collected while they are running. Note: We do not run all the tests every time because of the time consuming nature of running some tests, but ALL tests should be run overnight. Note: If you had a really large project with thousands of tests including long running Load tests you may need to add a Weekly build to the mix.     Figure: Bad example, you can’t tell what these builds do if they are in a larger list   Figure: Good example, you know exactly what project, branch and type of build these are for.   Technorati Tags: SSW,SSW Rules,VS2010,VS ALM,Team Build 2010,Team Build

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• Ant + JUnit = ClassNotFoundExceptions when running tests?

  - by rfkrocktk

  I'm trying to run some tests in Ant presently using JUnit, and all of my tests are failing with the following stacktrace: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.mypackage.MyTestCase It doesn't make too much sense to me. I'm first compiling my test cases using <javac>, then directly running the <junit> task to run the tests. My buildfile looks like this: <target name="compile.webapp.tests"> <javac srcdir="${test.java.src.dir}" destdir="${test.java.bin.dir}"> <classpath> <filelist> <file name="${red5.home}/red5.jar"/> <file name="${red5.home}/boot.jar"/> <file name="${bin.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar"/> </filelist> <fileset dir="${red5.lib.dir}" includes="**/*"/> <fileset dir="${main.java.lib.dir}" includes="**/*"/> <fileset dir="${test.java.lib.dir}" includes="**/*"/> </classpath> </javac> </target> <target name="run.webapp.tests"> <junit printsummary="true"> <classpath> <filelist> <file name="${red5.home}/red5.jar"/> <file name="${red5.home}/boot.jar"/> <file name="${bin.dir}/${ant.project.name}.jar"/> </filelist> <fileset dir="${red5.lib.dir}" includes="**/*.jar"/> <fileset dir="${main.java.lib.dir}" includes="**/*.jar"/> <fileset dir="${test.java.lib.dir}" includes="**/*.jar"/> </classpath> <formatter type="xml"/> <batchtest todir="${test.java.output.dir}"> <fileset dir="${test.java.bin.dir}" includes="**/*TestCase*"/> </batchtest> </junit> </target> This is really weird, I can't seem to fix this. Is there something I'm doing wrong here?

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• How can I unit test a class which requires a web service call?

  - by Chris Cooper

  I'm trying to test a class which calls some Hadoop web services. The code is pretty much of the form: method() { ...use Jersey client to create WebResource... ...make request... ...do something with response... } e.g. there is a create directory method, a create folder method etc. Given that the code is dealing with an external web service that I don't have control over, how can I unit test this? I could try and mock the web service client/responses but that breaks the guideline I've seen a lot recently: "Don't mock objects you don't own". I could set up a dummy web service implementation - would that still constitute a "unit test" or would it then be an integration test? Is it just not possible to unit test at this low a level - how would a TDD practitioner go about this?

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• Continuous integration testing server: hosted, own desktop, or own server

  - by Victor

  For testing, I am planning to run a continuous integration testing. There are mainly two options: hosted, or own desktop/server. I will break it into 3 options I have: Hosted: Economical, $10-20/month for a small app Less setup, the CI company manage all hardware and software Desktop: I could just buy a simple, cheap desktop as a test server (about $500). Used server: My current office is offloading some old Dell rack server (Probably dual core Xeon, which I can purchase for $50 or less Please advise me which best serves me for a small team of 2-3 developers. Thanks.

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• What's wrong performing unit test against concrete implementation if your frameworks are not going to change?

  - by palm snow

  First a bit of background: We are re-architecting our product suite that was written 10 years ago and served its purpose. One thing that we cannot change is the database schema as we have 500+ client base using this system. Our db schema has over 150+ tables. We have decided on using Entity Framework 4.1 as DAL and still evaluating various frameworks for storing our business logic. I am investigation to bring unit testing into the mix but I also confused as to how far I need to go with setting up a full blown TDD environment. One aspect of setting up unit testing is by getting into implementing Repository, unit of work and mocking frameworks etc. This mean there will be cost and investment on the code-bloat associated with all these frameworks. I understand some of this could be auto-generated but when it comes to things like behaviors, that will be mostly hand written. Just to be clear, I am not questioning the important of unit testing your code. I am just not sure we need all its components (like repository, mocking etc.) when we are fairly certain of storage mechanism/framework (SQL Server/Entity Framework). All that code bloat with generic repositories make sense when you need a generic layers with ability to change this whenever you like however its very likely a YAGNI in our case. What we need is more of integration testing where we can unit-test our code with concrete repository objects and test data in database. In this scenario, just running integration test seem to be more beneficial in our case. Any thoughts if I am missing any thing here?

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• Writing tests for Rails plugins

  - by Adam

  I'm working on a plugin for Rails that would add limited in-memory caching to ActiveRecord's finders. The functionality itself is mature enough, but I can't for the life of me get unit tests to work with the plugin. I now have under vendor/plugins/my_plugin/test/my_plugin_test.rb a standard subclass of ActiveSupport::TestCase with a couple of basic tests. I try running 'rake test' from the plugin directory, and I have confirmed that this task loads the ruby file with the test case, but it doesn't actually run any of the tests. I followed the Rails plugin guide (http://guides.rubyonrails.org/plugins.html) where applicable, but it seems to be horribly outdated (it suggests things that Rails now do automatically, etc.) The only output I get is this: Kakadu:ingenious_record adam$ rake test (in /Users/adam/Sites/1_PRK/vendor/plugins/ingenious_record) /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/bin/ruby -Ilib:lib:test "/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.3/lib/rake/rake_test_loader.rb" "test/ingenious_record_test.rb" The simplest test case looks like this: require 'test_helper' require 'active_record' class IngeniousRecordTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase test "example" do assert false end end This should definitely produce at least some output, and the only test in that file should produce a failed assertion. Any ideas what I could do to get Rails to run my tests?

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• PHPUnit reporting "Aborted" no matter what tests are run

  - by GrumpyCanuck

  Having a weird problem with PHPUnit. We're using PHPUnit as part of a continuous integration environment, that contains one app written using Zend Framework and one app written using CodeIgniter. Unit tests run just fine under Zend Framework, but whenever I run the tests for CodeIgniter using fooStack's CIUnit bridge, I always get the same problem at the end: PHPUnit 3.4.14 by Sebastian Bergmann. ............... . Time: 1 second, Memory: 7.00Mb OK (16 tests, 14 assertions) Aborted First off, I do not know what those empty spaces between the . means. Secondly, no matter what test I run (all of them or each one separately) I get the same Aborted message at the very end. The tests themselves do not contain any exit or die statements. When I run the same version of PHPUnit on my laptop (running OS-X Snow Leopard and same version of Zend Server Community Edition) I do not get that aborted message. Running PHP 5.3.2 on Ubuntu installed using Zend Server Community Edition. Any help with this would be greatly appreciated.

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• How to skip certain tests with Test::Unit

  - by Daniel Abrahamsson

  In one of my projects I need to collaborate with several backend systems. Some of them somewhat lacks in documentation, and partly therefore I have some test code that interact with some test servers just to see everything works as expected. However, accessing these servers is quite slow, and therefore I do not want to run these tests every time I run my test suite. My question is how to deal with a situation where you want to skip certain tests. Currently I use an environment variable 'BACKEND_TEST' and a conditional statement which checks if the variable is set for each test I would like to skip. But sometimes I would like to skip all tests in a test file without having to add an extra row to the beginning of each test. The tests which have to interact with the test servers are not many, as I use flexmock in other situations. However, you can't mock yourself away from reality. As you can see from this question's title, I'm using Test::Unit. Additionally, if it makes any difference, the project is a Rails project.

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• Is it feasible and useful to auto-generate some code of unit tests?

  - by skiwi

  Earlier today I have come up with an idea, based upon a particular real use case, which I would want to have checked for feasability and usefulness. This question will feature a fair chunk of Java code, but can be applied to all languages running inside a VM, and maybe even outside. While there is real code, it uses nothing language-specific, so please read it mostly as pseudo code. The idea Make unit testing less cumbersome by adding in some ways to autogenerate code based on human interaction with the codebase. I understand this goes against the principle of TDD, but I don't think anyone ever proved that doing TDD is better over first creating code and then immediatly therafter the tests. This may even be adapted to be fit into TDD, but that is not my current goal. To show how it is intended to be used, I'll copy one of my classes here, for which I need to make unit tests. public class PutMonsterOnFieldAction implements PlayerAction { private final int handCardIndex; private final int fieldMonsterIndex; public PutMonsterOnFieldAction(final int handCardIndex, final int fieldMonsterIndex) { this.handCardIndex = Arguments.requirePositiveOrZero(handCardIndex, "handCardIndex"); this.fieldMonsterIndex = Arguments.requirePositiveOrZero(fieldMonsterIndex, "fieldCardIndex"); } @Override public boolean isActionAllowed(final Player player) { Objects.requireNonNull(player, "player"); Hand hand = player.getHand(); Field field = player.getField(); if (handCardIndex >= hand.getCapacity()) { return false; } if (fieldMonsterIndex >= field.getMonsterCapacity()) { return false; } if (field.hasMonster(fieldMonsterIndex)) { return false; } if (!(hand.get(handCardIndex) instanceof MonsterCard)) { return false; } return true; } @Override public void performAction(final Player player) { Objects.requireNonNull(player); if (!isActionAllowed(player)) { throw new PlayerActionNotAllowedException(); } Hand hand = player.getHand(); Field field = player.getField(); field.setMonster(fieldMonsterIndex, (MonsterCard)hand.play(handCardIndex)); } } We can observe the need for the following tests: Constructor test with valid input Constructor test with invalid inputs isActionAllowed test with valid input isActionAllowed test with invalid inputs performAction test with valid input performAction test with invalid inputs My idea mainly focuses on the isActionAllowed test with invalid inputs. Writing these tests is not fun, you need to ensure a number of conditions and you check whether it really returns false, this can be extended to performAction, where an exception needs to be thrown in that case. The goal of my idea is to generate those tests, by indicating (through GUI of IDE hopefully) that you want to generate tests based on a specific branch. The implementation by example User clicks on "Generate code for branch if (handCardIndex >= hand.getCapacity())". Now the tool needs to find a case where that holds. (I haven't added the relevant code as that may clutter the post ultimately) To invalidate the branch, the tool needs to find a handCardIndex and hand.getCapacity() such that the condition >= holds. It needs to construct a Player with a Hand that has a capacity of at least 1. It notices that the capacity private int of Hand needs to be at least 1. It searches for ways to set it to 1. Fortunately it finds a constructor that takes the capacity as an argument. It uses 1 for this. Some more work needs to be done to succesfully construct a Player instance, involving the creation of objects that have constraints that can be seen by inspecting the source code. It has found the hand with the least capacity possible and is able to construct it. Now to invalidate the test it will need to set handCardIndex = 1. It constructs the test and asserts it to be false (the returned value of the branch) What does the tool need to work? In order to function properly, it will need the ability to scan through all source code (including JDK code) to figure out all constraints. Optionally this could be done through the javadoc, but that is not always used to indicate all constraints. It could also do some trial and error, but it pretty much stops if you cannot attach source code to compiled classes. Then it needs some basic knowledge of what the primitive types are, including arrays. And it needs to be able to construct some form of "modification trees". The tool knows that it needs to change a certain variable to a different value in order to get the correct testcase. Hence it will need to list all possible ways to change it, without using reflection obviously. What this tool will not replace is the need to create tailored unit tests that tests all kinds of conditions when a certain method actually works. It is purely to be used to test methods when they invalidate constraints. My questions: Is creating such a tool feasible? Would it ever work, or are there some obvious problems? Would such a tool be useful? Is it even useful to automatically generate these testcases at all? Could it be extended to do even more useful things? Does, by chance, such a project already exist and would I be reinventing the wheel? If not proven useful, but still possible to make such thing, I will still consider it for fun. If it's considered useful, then I might make an open source project for it depending on the time. For people searching more background information about the used Player and Hand classes in my example, please refer to this repository. At the time of writing the PutMonsterOnFieldAction has not been uploaded to the repo yet, but this will be done once I'm done with the unit tests.

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• Clojure for a lisp illiterate

  - by dbyrne

  I am a lifelong object-oriented programmer. My job is primarily java development, but I have experience in a number of languages. Ruby gave me my first real taste of functional programming. I loved the features Ruby borrowed from the functional paradigm such as closures and continuations. Eventually, I graduated to Scala. This has been a great way to gradually learn to approach non-trivial problems in a functional manner. Now I am interested in Clojure. I know all the sexy features that make it enticing (software transactional memory, macros, etc.), but I just can't get used to "thinking in lisp". I've seen Rich Hickey's screencasts aimed at java programmers, but they are geared towards explaining language features and not approaching real world problems. I am looking for any advice or resources which have made this transition easier for others.

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• Best practices for file system dependencies in unit/integration tests

  - by Olvagor

  I just started writing tests for a lot of code. There's a bunch of classes with dependencies to the file system, that is they read CSV files, read/write configuration files and so on. Currently the test files are stored in the test directory of the project (it's a Maven2 project) but for several reasons this directory doesn't always exist, so the tests fail. Do you know best practices for coping with file system dependencies in unit/integration tests? Edit: I'm not searching an answer for that specific problem I described above. That was just an example. I'd prefer general recommendations how to handle dependencies to the file system/databases etc.

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• JUnit tests for POJOs

  - by Ryan Thames

  I work on a project where we have to create unit tests for all of our simple beans (POJOs). Is there any point to creating a unit test for POJOs if all they consist of is getters and setters? Is it a safe assumption to assume POJOs will work about 100% of the time? Duplicate of - Should @Entity Pojos be tested? See also Is it bad practice to run tests on a DB instead of on fake repositories? Is there a Java unit-test framework that auto-tests getters and setters?

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• Typical size of unit tests compared to test code

  - by Frank Schwieterman

  I'm curious what a reasonable / typical value is for the ratio of test code to production code when people are doing TDD. Looking at one component, I have 530 lines of test code for 130 lines of production code. Another component has 1000 lines of test code for 360 lines of production code. So the unit tests are requiring roughly 3x to 5x as much code. This is for Javascript code. I don't have much tested C# code handy, but I think for another project I was looking at 2x to 3x as much test code then production code. It would seem to me that the lower that value is, assuming the tests are sufficient, would reflect higher quality tests. Pure speculation, I just wonder what ratios other people see. I know lines of code is an loose metric, but since I code in the same style for both test and production (same spacing format, same ammount of comments, etc) the values are comparable.

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• Hudson CI project doesn't run NetBeans JUnit tests of dependent projects

  - by Liron Yahdav

  I have a set of NetBeans java projects with dependencies between them. I added the project at the top of the dependency tree to Hudson for continuous integration. Everything works fine, except that the unit tests of dependent projects don't get run by Hudson. This is because the ant scripts that NetBeans creates has dependent projects setup to run the "jar" target and not a target that also runs the unit tests. I could add ant build steps for each dependent project in Hudson to run the unit tests, but I was hoping there's a simpler solution.

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• Delete or comment out non-working JUnit tests?

  - by Chris Knight

  I'm currently building a CI build script for a legacy application. There are sporadic JUnit tests available and I will be integrating a JUnit execution of all tests into the CI build. However, I'm wondering what to do with the 100'ish failures I'm encountering in the non-maintained JUnit tests. Do I: 1) Comment them out as they appear to have reasonable, if unmaintained, business logic in them in the hopes that someone eventually uncomments them and fixes them 2) Delete them as its unlikely that anyone will fix them and the commented out code will only be ignored or be clutter for evermore 3) Track down those who have left this mess in my hands and whack them over the heads with the printouts of the code (which due to long-method smell will be sufficently suited to the task) while preaching the benefits of a well maintained and unit tested code base

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• NUnit not running Suite tests

  - by Assaf Lavie

  I've created a test suite in NUnit that references several distinct unit test fixtures in various assemblies. I've pretty much used the example code from NUnit's docs: namespace NUnit.Tests { using System; using NUnit.Framework; using System.Collections; public class AllTests { [Suite] public static IEnumerable Suite { get { ArrayList suite = new ArrayList(); suite.Add(new VisionMap.DotNet.Tests.ManagedInteropTest.DotNetUtilsTest()); return suite; } } } } My goal is to add several tests to the list above so I can run them all in a batch. But when I try to load the DLL in NUnit's GUI I get this: What am I doing wrong? I'm using nunit 2.5.0.9122.

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• Maven2 compiles my tests, but doesn't run them

  - by Vincenzo

  I have a simple Maven2 project with tests written for TestNG. When I say mvn test Maven2 compiles my test, but don't run them. I already checked this page: http://maven.apache.org/general.html#test-property-name. This is not my case. Anybody can help? My directory structure: pom.xml src main java com ... test java com ... target classes <— .class files go there test-classes <— .class files with tests go there This is what I see if I run mvn -X test (end of the log): ... [INFO] Surefire report directory: <mydir>/target/surefire-reports Forking command line: /bin/sh -c cd <mydir> && /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6.0/Home/bin/java -jar /var/folders/+j/+jAx0g2xGA8-Ns9lWNOWgk+++TM/-Tmp-/surefirebooter7645642850235508331.jar /var/folders/+j/+jAx0g2xGA8-Ns9lWNOWgk+++TM/-Tmp-/surefire4544000548243268568tmp /var/folders/+j/+jAx0g2xGA8-Ns9lWNOWgk+++TM/-Tmp-/surefire7481499683857473873tmp ------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S ------------------------------------------------------- Running TestSuite Tests run: 0, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.191 sec

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