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  • Macbook (non-pro, late 2010) Power Management Issues relating to Nvidia-Current drivers

    - by gbvitaobscura
    I have tried many potential solutions but to no avail! (this is going to be a long post) Essentially, when I first install ubuntu (I have tested 10.11-12.04 beta) I can change the brightness of the macbook backlight. One of the first things I usually do once my machine finishes installing is enter "sudo apt-get install nvidia-current" into the terminal to get my Nvidia graphics card set up. Before I install nvidia-current power management works flawlessly. After installing nvidia-current my graphics driver works mostly properly (more on that later). When I press F1 or F2 notify osd pops up and shows icon for the backlight along with a meter which changes according to how much I press F1 or F2, but the backlight does not change brightness at all. Two supplementary facts: when I am running off of battery power the backlight does not dim ever, also changing the backlight brightness through the terminal does not work (it recognizes the command but changes nothing). Things which did not work: 1. editing xorg.conf 2. python script/hack 3. editing grub Things which did work: 1. removing Nvidia-Current Final piece of information: Although my graphics card works in every way but Power Management it can not be found through System Settings/Details (Graphics Unknown) I'm using the NVIDIA GeForce 320M. the output of lspci is: 00:00.0 Host bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 HOST Bridge (rev a1) 00:00.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:01.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d6d (rev a1) 00:01.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d6e (rev a1) 00:01.2 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d6f (rev a1) 00:01.3 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d70 (rev a1) 00:02.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d71 (rev a1) 00:02.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d72 (rev a1) 00:03.0 ISA bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 LPC Bridge (rev a2) 00:03.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:03.2 SMBus: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 SMBus (rev a1) 00:03.3 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:03.4 Co-processor: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Co-Processor (rev a1) 00:04.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a1) 00:04.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller (rev a2) 00:06.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev a1) 00:06.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller (rev a2) 00:08.0 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 High Definition Audio (rev a2) 00:09.0 Ethernet controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 Ethernet (rev a1) 00:0a.0 IDE interface: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 SATA Controller (rev a2) 00:0b.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d75 (rev a1) 00:15.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0d9b (rev a1) 00:17.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP89 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 01:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01) 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 08a0 (rev a2) There is a very similar bug on Launchpad which I have posted below. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/nvidia-graphics-drivers/+bug/764195

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  • Why won't 2GB of ram across 3 of 4 slots work on my motherboard (max 2GB)?

    - by Andrew
    My desktop is an old home-built machine circa 200[5-6] running Ubuntu 11.10 (but this is not relevant because I'm reading available ram from BIOS loading screen), with an ASUS P5GPL motherboard, not X or X-SE - it has four slots. I'm mainly a laptop person, but keep this around for running a server from if needed, backing up to, seeding Ubuntu to people from, etc… It has four (DDR) ram slots, two black and two blue, in the order black-blue-black-blue (I will call them D, C, B, and A, respectively) with some space in the middle. The blue ones are the closest to the processor. I used to have two 512MB chips in the two blue slots. I just got a 1GB chip and plugged it into one of the black slots; my system didn't recognize it. I messed around and discovered that it will not recognize chips in many positions, and I couldn't get it to recognize all three of these chips at the same time. In particular, if I put the 512MB chips in A and B it would only use 1, but AC, AD, BD, and CD worked. I didn't try BC, I believe. Only some of these continue to work when I switch the 1GB chip into one of these positions. Can I have some advice as to how to position these chips to get all 2GB used? How about if I get another 1GB chip - where should I put the two? And what about the RAM maximum Crucial says? Can I go above 2GB, if I get another 1GB chip? Right now, I have a 512MB chip in A and the 1GB chip in C. EDIT: I read some other posts and tried dmidecode in Ubuntu to clarify the max memory question, that wasn't a major part anyways. It says my max memory module size is 1024M (OK) and my max memory size is 4096M (doesn't agree with Crucial OR the Asus web site, maybe it will only work while in Linux and BIOS won't OK it?).

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  • Why am I seeing Zero errors in non-ECC RAM?

    - by Alexander Shcheblikin
    According to sources, memory errors are a very probable event: Some say the probability of a DRAM error is 95% in just 3 days of operation of a computer with just 4 GB of RAM, others say 32% of servers experience at least one error in a month with 8% of DIMMs being at fault. Contrary to those horrors, in my more than 10 years of personal computers use I have seen exactly none of the memory errors. I admit I never paid special attention to the subject. However, I have ventured multi-hour memtest86 runs couple of times and never seen an error either. Some of the factors that IMO should aggravate the memory problems: I build my computers out of the most "bulk commodity" parts: mainstream budget motherboards and the next to cheapest memory. also I usually max out the technology available, e.g. in the times of 32 bit OS'es I used 4 GB of RAM and with the current desktop CPUs and the newer 64 bit OS'es I use 32 GB of RAM. memory usage is moderately heavy with lots of virtual machines up running small and big tasks 24/7/365. But nevertheless, no memory-related problems ever found! How's that?

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  • VM Tuning to enhance performance

    - by Tiffany Walker
    vm.bdflush = 100 1200 128 512 15 5000 500 1884 2 vm.dirty_ratio = 20 vm.min_free_kbytes = 300000 That means that the MOST dirty data that can be in RAM is 20% and that there will always be 300MB RAM that linux CANNOT use to cache files right? What I am trying to do is ensure that there is always room left for service to spawn and use RAM. I have 8GB of ram and hosting websites with PHP so I want to have more free RAM on stand by instead of seeing myself on 50MB of RAM free.

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  • Can't install the wireless driver in HP Pavilion dv2419us

    - by maqtanim
    I've just installed Ubuntu 13.04 in an old HP Pavilion dv2419us. The problem is, Ubuntu doesn't detect the wireless card. But it works fine in Windows 7. The following command returns nothing! lspci -vvnn | grep 14e4 And the lspci output is: 00:00.1 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 0 (rev a2) 00:00.2 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 1 (rev a2) 00:00.3 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 5 (rev a2) 00:00.4 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 4 (rev a2) 00:00.5 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.6 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 3 (rev a2) 00:00.7 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 2 (rev a2) 00:02.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 00:05.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation C51 [GeForce Go 6150] (rev a2) 00:09.0 RAM memory: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:0a.0 ISA bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:0a.1 SMBus: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 SMBus (rev a3) 00:0a.3 Co-processor: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 PMU (rev a3) 00:0b.0 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0b.1 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0d.0 IDE interface: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 IDE (rev f1) 00:0e.0 IDE interface: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev f1) 00:10.0 PCI bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 PCI Bridge (rev a2) 00:10.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 High Definition Audio (rev a2) 00:14.0 Bridge: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 Ethernet Controller (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 05:09.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): Ricoh Co Ltd R5C832 IEEE 1394 Controller 05:09.1 SD Host controller: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adapter (rev 19) 05:09.2 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter (rev 0a) 05:09.3 System peripheral: Ricoh Co Ltd xD-Picture Card Controller (rev 05) The command lspci -nn | grep 0280 gives no output. Any suggestion regarding this?

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  • No HDMI Audio with GeForce 9600GT and nForce board

    - by Bobby
    I've been trying to get HDMI with sound working for the last few days, and I'm a little bit out of ideas. (I've verified that the hardware/Setup works via Windows.) aplay does not list my HDMI device: $ aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 0: ALC662 rev1 Analog [ALC662 rev1 Analog] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 1: ALC662 rev1 Digital [ALC662 rev1 Digital] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 I've already compiled the alsa drivers (1.0.24) from a snapshot (with --with-oss=no) and added the line options snd-hda-intel model=auto # Tried 3stack-dig and 6stack-dig too to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf. Still, the device does not show up. If it is important, the HDMI TV is at the moment not configured to be part of the X session (I've tried that to, at least with X restart, and it didn't change anything). What did I miss? $ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: nVidia Corporation Device 07c3 (rev a2) 00:00.1 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a2) 00:01.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:01.1 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:01.2 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:01.3 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:01.4 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:01.5 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:01.6 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:02.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation nForce 630i memory controller (rev a1) 00:03.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP73 LPC Bridge (rev a2) 00:03.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP73 SMBus (rev a1) 00:03.2 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP73 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:03.4 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP73 Memory Controller (rev a1) 00:04.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation GeForce 7100/nForce 630i USB (rev a1) 00:04.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP73 [nForce 630i] USB 2.0 Controller (EHCI) (rev a1) 00:08.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP73 IDE (rev a1) 00:09.0 Audio device: nVidia Corporation MCP73 High Definition Audio (rev a1) 00:0a.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP73 PCI Express bridge (rev a1) 00:0b.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP73 PCI Express bridge (rev a1) 00:0c.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP73 PCI Express bridge (rev a1) 00:0d.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP73 PCI Express bridge (rev a1) 00:0e.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP73 IDE (rev a2) 00:0f.0 Ethernet controller: nVidia Corporation MCP73 Ethernet (rev a2) 02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation G94 [GeForce 9600 GT] (rev a1)   $ aplay -L default pulse Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server front:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers iec958:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Digital IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output dmix:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog Direct sample mixing device dmix:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Digital Direct sample mixing device dsnoop:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog Direct sample snooping device dsnoop:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Digital Direct sample snooping device hw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog Direct hardware device without any conversions hw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Digital Direct hardware device without any conversions plughw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Analog Hardware device with all software conversions plughw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1 HDA NVidia, ALC662 rev1 Digital Hardware device with all software conversions

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  • How to tell X.org to reload input device module? (Working around suspend-to-ram crash on Acer laptop

    - by Vi
    When X.org boots up, Synaptics touchpad works well. But when I remove the module it falls back to /dev/input/mice and don't use normal driver even when touchpad is available again. Xorg.0.log: ... (II) XINPUT: Adding extended input device "Synaptics Touchpad" (type: TOUCHPAD) (--) Synaptics Touchpad: touchpad found # { rmmod psmouse && echo mem /sys/power/state && modprobe psmouse; } (WW) : No Device specified, looking for one... (II) : Setting Device option to "/dev/input/mice" ... How to tell X.org to try it's InputDevice again (without restarting X server)? P.S. rmmod psmouse is needed to prevent crashing of Acer Extensa 5220 when resuming from suspend-to-ram. Update: Found answer myself: Doing xinput set-int-prop "Synaptics Touchpad" "Device Enabled" 8 1 after reloading the kernel module reloads touchpad. Now suspend-to-ram works OK.

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  • write-through RAM disk, or massive caching of file system?

    - by Will
    I have a program that is very heavily hitting the file system, reading and writing randomly to a set of working files. The files total several gigabytes in size, but I can spare the RAM to keep them all mostly in memory. The machines this program runs on are typically Ubuntu Linux boxes. Is there a way to configure the file system to have a very very large cache, and even to cache writes so they hit the disk later? I understand the issues with power loss or such, and am prepared to accept that. Crashing aside, in normal operation the writes should eventually reach the disk! Or is there a way to create a RAM disk that writes-through to real disk?

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  • What version of Ubuntu to use for Desktop with 8Gb RAM?

    - by Alexander
    This may sound as a stupid question, but I am really interested whether Ubuntu Desktop i386 will be able to use all my available RAM. I want to use the latest, non-LTS version, 10.10. It says on the website that it's (i386) the Recommended version. I also recall that Flash Player had issues with 64 bit Linux. Also, the 64 bit version is listed in the Universal USB Installer as amd64. Does this mean that it's using instruction sets specific to AMD CPUs? (I have an Intel) Will it work fine with Intel? So which one to download and install? What to do to be able to use 8Gb of RAM?

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  • How can I switch Linux running OS from disk to running from RAM without restarting?

    - by vfclists
    Is it possible to switch to running Linux from RAM or RAM disk after starting starting initially from disk? eg. You need to make an image of your hard disk, FTP it to a remote location, some time later you want the image back, so you start the system from disk as usual, restore the image you FTP'd from the remote location back into place. More like a CloneZilla backup and restore, without booting the server from CD or USB disk, but starting from the normal hard disk? Notes on environment I should have mentioned it earlier. It is a remotely hosted VM where I cannot boot into a recovery console mode or do a netinstall. It will always boot onto the same disk. Which means that if there is some serious corruption I can't repair it offline, which is why being able to ftp a previously saved backup into place is so important

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  • Is it reasonable to make a RAID-1 array with a ram disk and a physical disk to maximize read performance and protect data?

    - by Petr Pudlák
    In one of the answers on SO (I forgot which one) I've seen a suggestion to make a RAID-1 array composed of a RAM disk and a physical partition. By adding the physical partition with --write-mostly and enabling --write-behind the system should read everything instantly from the RAM disk but still save all data to the physical partition so that the data are preserved and the RAID array can be assembled again after reboot. Is such a setup reasonable? Will it perform any better in some scenario than having just the physical partition and perhaps tweaking the kernel to favor disk cache (swappiness and vfs_cache_pressure)?

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  • How do I reduce RAM usage on my server?

    - by Abs
    I have recently launched a site that is very popular but I am having trouble with scalability. My site makes heavy use of FFmpeg and at peak times RAM usage hits the 2 GB point quickly and the swap file starts getting used. CPU usage starts rising too. Users complain that the site is slow. They say this because all FFmpeg instances run very slow because of the number running at the same time. Users make use of FFmpeg on my server in real time. Is there anything I can consider or do to ease down the usage of the server and RAM just shooting up? Maybe there is something better than FFmpeg (!). Is the only solution "throwing some cash" at a more powerful server? I have given little information, please ask for more, so this problem can be solved.

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  • How much ram to be able to convert large (5-6MB) jpegs? [closed]

    - by cosmicbdog
    I've got a project where we want to be processing large jpegs (5-6MB) with apache and php (using GD library). My understanding is that the server converts the image into a BMP making it quite ram heavy and currently we're unable to do it with our 1gb of memory. Here's the error we get: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 67108864 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 17408 bytes) How much ram should we be looking at running with to process images of this size? Edit: As Chris S the purist highlighted below, my post is apparently vague. I am doing the most basic and common manipulation of an image, say turning it from a 4352px x 3264px jpg of 5mb in size, to a 900px x 675px file.

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  • How much faster is a database running in RAM?

    - by orokusaki
    I"m looking to run PostgreSQL in RAM for performance enhancement. The database isn't more than 1GB and shouldn't ever grow to more than 5GB. Is it worth doing? Are there any benchmarks out there? Is it buggy? My second major concern is: How easy is it to back things up when it's running purely in RAM. Is this just like using RAM as tier 1 HD, or is it much more complicated?

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  • How can I find the size of Flash and RAM used by a firmware?

    - by Asad
    Hi Fellas, Please help me in finding the size of Flash (ROM) and RAM used by the firmware. The firmware is implemented using C++. Also I have Keil microvision4, will it be helpful to find the ROM and RAM size? Or do I need to look at the MAP(.M51) file of the firmware to find the memory sizes? Or is just looking at the size of hex files (.hex) enough for locating the size of ROM? Please suggest!

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  • 32-bit Ubuntu or 64-bit w/Intel Atom D510 w/4GB RAM?

    - by T.J. Crowder
    (I've seen this question and some related ones, and perhaps this is a duplicate although part of my question is specific to the Atom D510.) I'm going to be installing Ubuntu on a new silent desktop as my latest (and hopefully last) attempt to switch from Windows to Linux for at least most everyday tasks. The new machine is entirely passvely cooled, but as a consequence, not astonishingly powerful — an Atom D510 (dual-core, 1.6GHz, HT) on Intel's D510MO board. That's fine, I won't use it for gaming, (much) video editing, etc. It's a 64-bit processor and I'm maxing the board out at 4GB of RAM (hey, that 1.6 CPU needs all the help it can get), which naturally raises the question of whether to install Ubuntu 64-bit or 32-bit (and if the latter, either live with the missing RAM, or do the PAE kernel dance). Although I've used Linux on servers for years, I'm very nearly a Linux desktop newbie and am not currently in the mood to fight driver wars and such. So if I'm setting myself up for failure with 64-bit, I'll live with the missing ~0.8GB or fiddle with PAE. But if 64-bit is entirely "ready," great, I'm there. So: Do most mainstream apps (now) play nicely with 64-bit Linux? I can't help but notice the "AMD" in the ISO image filename ubuntu-10.04-desktop-amd64.iso and I know AMD lead the way on this stuff — does Ubuntu 64-bit play nicely with Intel processors? Just generally, would you recommend one or the other? (And if anyone has any experience with Ubuntu specifically on the D510 [32-bit or 64-bit] which might lead me one way or t'other, that would be useful.) Thanks in advance.

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  • Is dual-channel RAM operation independent for each bank?

    - by user553702
    For dual-channel usage of DDR3 SDRAM, what happens if one bank has DIMMs in both channels but the other bank has only one DIMM in one channel? Will the bank with the paired DIMMs operate at the dual-channel rate while the bank with the unpaired DIMM operates at the single-channel rate? Or does having a bank with an unpaired DIMM force all of the RAM to operate as single-channel? For example, if I initially have only one bank populated with paired 4GB sticks operating as dual-channel, what happens if I then add a single 8GB stick to the other channel leaving the last DIMM slot empty? Will this stop the 4GB sticks from being dual-channel? In addition, what happens if each bank has DIMMs of different clock speeds? Does each dual-channel bank operate at an independent speed, or does all of the RAM operate at the slowest DIMM's speed? For example, in the above scenario, what would happen if the 8GB stick I added is slower than the original 4GB sticks in the other bank? Will the (paired) 4GB sticks then operate at a slower speed than before?

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  • When modern computers boot, what initial setup of RAM do they execute, and how does it exactly work?

    - by user272840
    I know the title reeks of confusion, and some of you might assume I am just wondering about how the computer boots in general, but I'm not. But I'll sort this out for you people now: 1.Onboard firmware is how mostly all modern computer devices work, whether or not with EFI/UEFI(even without "onboard firmware", older computers still employed bank switching, or similar methods with snap-in firmware, cartridges, etc.) 2.On startup there is no "programs" running in the traditional sense yet, i.e. no kernel, OS, user-applications; all of the instructions, especially the very first instruction, is specified by the Instruction Pointer, I am guessing. How is the IP/PC/etc. set to first point to an address for a BIOS/firmware/etc. instruction, and how do the BIOS instructions map themself out in memory prior to startup? 3.Aside from MMIO, BIOS uses certain RAM addresses to have instructions. The big ? comes in when I ask this ... how does BIOS do this? Conclusion: I am assuming that with the very first instruction there is an initial hardware setup for BIOS prior to complete OS bootup. What I want to know is if it's hardware engineered to always work this way, if there's another step in this bootup method I am missing, a gap of information I am unaware of, or how this all works from the very first instruction, and the RAM data itself.

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  • How Would I Restrict a Linux Binary to a Limited Amount of RAM?

    - by Ken S.
    I would like to be able to limit an installed binary to only be able to use up to a certain amount of RAM. I don't want it to get killed if it exceeds it, only that that would be the max amount that it could use. The problem I am facing is that I am running an Apache 2.2 server with PHP and some custom code that a developer is writing for us. The problem is that somewhere in there code they launch a PHP exec call that launches ImageMagick's 'convert' to create a resized image file. I'm not privy to a lot of details to the project or the code, but need to find a solution to keep them from killing the server until they can find a way to optimize the code. I had thought that I could do this with /etc/security/limits.conf and setting a limit on the apache user, but it seems to have no effect. This is what I used: www-data hard as 500 If I understand it correctly, this should have limited any apache user process to a maximum to 500kb, however, when I ran a test script that would chew up a lot of RAM, this actually got up to 1.5GB before I killed it. Here is the output of 'ps auxf' after the setting change and a system reboot: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 5268 0.0 0.0 401072 10264 ? Ss 15:28 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 5274 0.0 0.0 402468 9484 ? S 15:28 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 5285 102 9.4 1633500 1503452 ? Rl 15:29 0:58 | \_ /usr/bin/convert ../tours/28786/.…. www-data 5275 0.0 0.0 401072 5812 ? S 15:28 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start Next I thought I could do it with Apache's RlimitMEM setting, but get the same result of it not getting limited. Here is what I have in my apache.conf file: RLimitMEM 500000 512000 It wasn't until many hours later that I figured out that if the process actually reached that amount that it would die with an OOM error. Would love any ideas on how to set this limit so other things could function on the server, and all of them could play together nicely.

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  • Should I buy more RAM for my computer or a better CPU?

    - by Reijer The Coder
    I have recently bought a new laptop, an ASUS N56VJ-S4149H. I bought it to use it in all possible ways I could want, so that would be gaming downloading and streaming movies browsing the web and programming software. So far it has been running great but one thing annoys me a little bit. I frequently play Mount&Blade: Warband, it's a great game and you should check it out. Everything runs smoothly but only when I turn down the 'Texture Detail'. Otherwise it will lag a lot and I can't really play. Now my question is: Is this a problem of not enough RAM? At first I was really sure it was but after thinking about for a while I'm not anymore. My computer only has 4 Gigabytes of RAM and there is still a slot open. So will it improve when I buy another 8 Gigabytes? EDIT: It has an Nvidia GeForce GT 635M inside. and an Intel Core i5 3230M CPU with 2,6 GHz. Help and answers are really appreciated. Thanks to all.

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  • Debian: What are these files in /sys/devices/pci0000:00/ for?

    - by muhuk
    I am running Debian Squeeze on an MSI M670 laptop. I have these following files on my root drive, each 256MB: file:///sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/resource1 file:///sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/resource1_wc Here is my lspci output: muhuk@debian:~$ lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.2 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 1 (rev a2) 00:00.3 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 5 (rev a2) 00:00.4 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 4 (rev a2) 00:00.5 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.6 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 3 (rev a2) 00:00.7 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 2 (rev a2) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 00:05.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation C51 [GeForce Go 6100] (rev a2) 00:09.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:0a.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:0a.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP51 SMBus (rev a3) 00:0a.3 Co-processor: nVidia Corporation MCP51 PMU (rev a3) 00:0b.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0b.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0d.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 IDE (rev a1) 00:0e.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev a1) 00:0f.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev a1) 00:10.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 PCI Bridge (rev a2) 00:10.1 Audio device: nVidia Corporation MCP51 High Definition Audio (rev a2) 00:14.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Ethernet Controller (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 04:04.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) 04:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 04:04.3 Mass storage controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 04:09.0 Network controller: RaLink RT2561/RT61 rev B 802.11g I am speculating these have something to do with the shared RAM my GPU is using. But why a file on disk? And why two of them?

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  • Programme d'étude sur le C++ bas niveau n° 3 : la Pile, un article d'Alex Darby traduit par ram-0000

    L'objectif de cette série d'articles d'Alex Darby sur la programmation « bas-niveau » est de permettre aux développeurs ayant déjà des connaissances de la programmation C++ de mieux comprendre comment ses programmes sont exécutés en pratique. Ce troisième article explique le rôle et le fonctionnement de la Pile, son usage lors de l'appel d'une fonction, la gestion des variables locales ainsi que la gestion de la valeur de retour d'une fonction. Programme d'étude sur le C++ bas niveau n° 3 : la Pile Connaissiez-vous bien le fonctionnement de la Pile et des appels de fonctions ?

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