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• Mutual Information / Entropy Calculation Help

  - by Fillip

  Hi, Hoping someone can give me some pointers with this entropy problem. Say X is chosen randomly from the uniform integer distribution 0-32 (inclusive). I calculate the entropy, H(X) = 32 bits, as each Xi has equal probability of occurring. Now, say the following pseudocode executes. int r = rand(0,1); // a random integer 0 or 1 r = r * 33 + X; How would I work out the mutual information between the two variables r and X? Mutual Information is defined as I(X; Y) = H(X) - H(X|Y) but I don't really understand how to apply the conditional entropy H(X|Y) to this problem. Thanks

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• How to implement arrays in an interpreter?

  - by Ray

  I have managed to write several interpreters including Tokenizing Parsing, including more complicated expressions such as ((x+y)*z)/2 Building bytecode from syntax trees Actual bytecode execution What I didn't manage: Implementation of dictionaries/lists/arrays. I always got stuck with getting multiple values into one variable. My value structure (used for all values passed around, including variables) looks like this, for example: class Value { public: ValueType type; int integerValue; string stringValue; } Works fine with integers and strings, but how could I implement arrays? (From now on with array I mean arrays in my experimental language, not in C++) How can I fit the array concept into the Value class above? Is it possible? How should I make arrays able to be passed around just as you could pass around integers and strings in my language, using the class above? Accessing array elements or memory allocation wouldn't be the problem, I just don't know how to store them.

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• Cuda program results are always zero in HW, correct in EMU??

  - by Orion Nebula

  Hi all! I am having a weird problem .. I have written a CUDA code which executes correctly in emulation and all results show up.. however, when executed on hardware "G210" .. the results in the result memory are always 0 I am passing two vectors to the kernel, one with random variables the other is initialized to zero, the code copies the first vector to shared memory, does some swapping and other operations and then writes back the results on the second vector (the one with the initial 0's) I am using double precision, the -arch sm13 flag is used, all memory allocation also use sizeof(double) .. I have checked if the kernel is invoked, it does .. so no problems here .. the cudaMemCpy has no problems .. what could be the problem .. :( why would it work in emulation but not on HW I am quite confused .. any ideas?

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• Does retrieving an object from Doctrine2 cause __construct() of the model class to run?

  - by jiewmeng

  When I retrieve an object say by $em->find('Application\Models\User', 1); or other methods like DQL, findBy*() cause the __construct() of the model class to run? I am having a problem where I set variables there like reference to EntityManager and I find that its not set. I tried putting a die() in __construct() and it doesn't halt the application. Can I say that if I want to set other properties/fields like EntityManager $em I have to do it some other way? Perhaps something like protected function getEm() { if (!isset($this->em)) { $this->em = \Zend_Registry::get('em'); } return $this->em; }

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• Commenting out protect_from_forgery

  - by Andy

  Hi, I was trying to use active record store but I kept getting an invalid authenticity token. Someone told me to remove my protect_from_forgery from application controller. I know that this would remove all auth tokens but I'm not sure if this is a good idea. Does active record store not need auth tokens? By the way, all I need is a way to dynamically calculate the number of users online and their session variables. If there is a better way than using active record store it would be nice to know.

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• R: how can I concatenate a list?

  - by John

  I'm trying to produce a single variable which is a concatenation of two chars e.g to go from "p30s4" "p28s4" to "p30s4 p28s4". I've tried cat and paste as shown below. Both return empty variables. What am I doing wrong? > blah = c("p30s4","p28s4") > blah [1] "p30s4" "p28s4" > foo = cat(blah) p30s4 p28s4 > foo NULL > foo = paste(cat(blah)) p30s4 p28s4 > foo character(0)

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• Issue with plotting daily data using ggplot

  - by user1723765

  I tried to plot daily data from 9 variables in ggplot, but the graph I get cannot handle the date variable properly. The x axis is unreadable and its impossible to read the plot. I'm guessing there's an issue with the handling of dates. Here's the data: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/22681355/su.csv Here's the code I've been using: su=read.csv(file="su.csv", head=TRUE) meltdf=melt(su) ggplot(meltdf, aes(x=Date, y=value, colour=variable, group=variable))+geom_line() and here's the output: https://dl.dropbox.com/u/22681355/output.jpg here's the same plot done in excel, why does it look completely different?

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• Autorelease with elements in a UITableViewCell - memory leak

  - by Shaun Budhram

  In my 'cellForRowAtIndexPath' method for a UITableView delegate, I'm allocating a cell if it doesn't exist, and in this cell, I'm creating a new activity spinner like so: UIActivityIndicatorView *actView = [[[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle:UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleGray ] autorelease]; I'm using Leaks to detect memory leaks in my program, and for some reason, this is coming up as a leak, even though it's autoreleasing. The cell itself is also autoreleasing. Has anyone had experience with autoreleasing variables coming up as leaks in the Leaks instrument, and how to tackle these problems? Also, if it helps, this is the history Leaks is displaying for this memory location. It looks like it at some point gets an additional retain message? This is not being done in my code.

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• C: Incompatible types?

  - by Airjoe

  #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> struct foo{ int id; char *bar; char *baz[6]; }; int main(int argc, char **argv){ struct foo f; f.id=1; char *qux[6]; f.bar=argv[0]; f.baz=qux; // Marked line return 1; } This is just some test code so ignore that qux doesn't actually have anything useful in it. I'm getting an error on the marked line, incompatible types when assigning to type ‘char *[6]’ from type ‘char **’ but both of the variables are defined as char *[6] in the code. Any insight?

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• Programming language for fast calculations with big integers

  - by sub

  I'm doing Project Euler problems at the moment and I can solve most of them using my own programming language which uses direct C++ integers (so they are bound to 2^32 on my machine). However, at times there are problems which require me to work with very high numbers, I can't do that with native integers. So I implemented a BigInt library in my language which unfortunately gets extremely slow at times. Is there a programming language suitable for very efficient handling of big numbers? I mean that I want to do the things I could do in other programming languages with it (variables, loops, etc.), but in a faster way. If you have got tips for workarounds of the 2^32 limit in my language/C++/other languages, please tell me too!

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• How does PHP's list function work?

  - by Jacob Relkin

  After recently answering a couple of questions here on SO that involved utilizing PHP's list function, I wondered, "how in the world does that function actually work under the hood?". I was thinking about something like using func_get_args() and then iterating through the argument list, and that's all nice and peachy, but then how in the world does the assignment part work? list(...) = array($x, $y, $z); isn't this ^ evaluated first? So to be precise, my question is how is the list function able to create scoped variables which get assigned to the not-yet evaluated array?

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• Why do C++ streams use char instead of unsigned char?

  - by Johannes Schaub - litb

  I've always wondered why the C++ Standard library has instantiated basic_[io]stream and all its variants using the char type instead of the unsigned char type. char means (depending on whether it is signed or not) you can have overflow and underflow for operations like get(), which will lead to implementation-defined value of the variables involved. Another example is when you want to output a byte, unformatted, to an ostream using its put function. Any ideas? Note: I'm still not really convinced. So if you know the definitive answer, you can still post it indeed.

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• C++ class initialisation containing class variable initialization

  - by Phil Hannent

  I noticed some code of a colleague today that initialized class variables in the initialization. However it was causing a warning, he says because of the order they are in. My question is why is it better to do variable initialization where it currently is and not within the curly brackets? DiagramScene::DiagramScene( int slideNo, QRectF screenRect, MainWindow* parent ) : QGraphicsScene( screenRect, parent ), myParent( parent ), slideUndoImageCurrentIndex(-1), nextGroupID(0), m_undoInProgress(false), m_deleteItemOnNextUndo(0) line(0), path(0) { /* Setup default brush for background */ scDetail->bgBrush.setStyle(Qt::SolidPattern); scDetail->bgBrush.setColor(Qt::white); setBackgroundBrush(scDetail->bgBrush); }

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• Why doesn't CSS support constants?

  - by Adiel Mittmann

  CSS has never supported constants or variables directly. Whenever I'm writing code like this: span.class1 { color: #377fb6; } div.class2 { border: solid 1px #377fb6; /* Repeated color */ } I wonder why such a seemingly simple feature has never made it into the standard. What could be hard about implementing a scheme whereby we could avoid repetition, something like this: $theme_color1: #377fb6; span.class1 { color: $theme_color1; } div.class2 { border: solid 1px $theme_color1; } I know there are workarounds, like using a class for each color or generating CSS code from templates, but my question is: given that CSS is so rich and complex, why weren't CSS constants ever introduced?

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• Integers in JavaScript

  - by muntoo

  I'm a beginner to Javascript so forgive me if I sound dumb because I learned some Javascript from W3Fools (which are really difficult tutorials - they don't explain anything I want to know, but everything I probably can guess from my experience with C++). I may be switching over to MDN, but if you can recommend any other tutorials, that be great. Anyways, so here's my question: I just read a few lines of this, and apparently: Numbers in JavaScript are "double-precision 64-bit format IEEE 754 values", according to the spec. This has some interesting consequences. There's no such thing as an integer in JavaScript, so you have to be a little careful with your arithmetic if you're used to math in C or Java. I've already seen that there are few of the data types (for variables) I'm used to from C++. But I didn't expect all numbers to automatically be floats. Isn't there any way to use integers, not float? Will a future version of JavaScript support ints?

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• Xcodebuild failing to pick up environment values from project file?

  - by egrunin

  I'm using Xcode 3.2.6, MacOSX. I have a globally visible environment setting: ICU_SRC=~/Documents/icu/source This really is an environment setting, it's set at login time. When I open up Terminal, it's there. In my project, under Header Search Paths I've added this: $(ICU_SRC)/i18n $(ICU_SRC)/common These expand correctly when I compile inside the IDE. When I look at the build results, I see this: -I/Users/eric.grunin/Documents/icu/source/i18n -I/Users/eric.grunin/Documents/icu/source/common When I build from the command line, however, it fails. What I see is this: -I/i18n -I/common Here's the command I'm using to compile: /usr/bin/env -i xcodebuild -project my_project.xcodeproj -target "my_program" -configuration Release -sdk macosx10.6 build What am I doing wrong? Edited to add: Apple explains Setting environment variables for user processes

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• Different Paramater Value Results In Slow Query

  - by alphadogg

  I have an sproc in SQL Server 2008. It basically builds a string, and then runs the query using EXEC(): SELECT * FROM [dbo].[StaffRequestExtInfo] WITH(nolock,readuncommitted) WHERE [NoteDt] < @EndDt AND [NoteTypeCode] = @RequestTypeO AND ([FNoteDt] >= @StartDt AND [FNoteDt] <= @EndDt) AND [FStaffID] = @StaffID AND [FNoteTypeCode]<>@RequestTypeC ORDER BY [LocName] ASC,[NoteID] ASC,[CNoteDt] ASC All but @RequestTypeO and @RequestTypeF are passed in as sproc parameters. The other two are built from a parameter into local variables. Normally, the query runs under one second. However, for one particular value of @StaffID, the execution plan is different and about 30x slower. In either case, the amount of data returned is generally the same, but execution time goes way up. I tried to recompile the sproc. I also tried to "copy" @StaffID into a local @LocalStaffID. Neither approach made any difference. Any ideas?

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• Can this example be done with pointers instead of global variable?

  - by Louise

  This is a simplified example of the problem I have: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void f2(int** a) { printf("a: %i\n", **a); } void f1(int* a) { f2(&a); } int main() { int a = 3; f1(&a); // prints "a: 3" f2(???); return 0; } The problem is that I would like to be able to use f2() both in main() and in f1(). Can that be done without using global variables?

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• jquery to php (wait for php script until result/finish)

  - by user354051

  Hi, I am executing a php call from javascript(jQuery), php sript is sending result back. The problem is that these php scripts are taking some time (milliseconds), and java script is not waiting for them to finish, thus variables are not getting initialized with correct values. The code is simple: $.get("php/validation.php",{'email':email},function(data){ // valid_email now contains true/false alert(data); if(data=="true"){ var valid_email = true;} }); The "alert" is printing true but value of valid_mail is recognized as "false" in the code below. Is there any other better way to call php scripts and wait for until they are not finished? Prashant

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• POST data disapearing on large file upload

  - by DfKimera

  I'm having issues with a file uploading utility in my PHP application. When sending large files (9MB+) over the form, I get a very odd behaviour: the POST data I've included in the form dissapears, including the file information. I've already increased all PHP limits I could (time limit, max input time, post max size, memory limit and upload max filesize) and I still can't get the proper behaviour. I've tried replacing the regular HTTP forms with a Flash-based solution (SWFUpload, www.swfupload.org), still the same behaviour. I've tried multiple files of similar sizes and its definitely not a particular file issue. I've debugged the POST vars sent using Firebug, and the correct variables are still there in the header, together with the file. What could be going on here?

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• Templating Engine to Generate Simple Reports in .NET

  - by dr. evil

  I'm looking for a free templating engine to generate simple reports. I want some basic features such as : Ability to Write Loops (with any IEnumerable) Passing Variables Passing Templates Files (main template, footer, header) I'll use this to generate reports in HTML and XML. I'm not looking for a ASP.NET Template Engine. This is for a WinForms applications. I've seen this question http://stackoverflow.com/questions/340095/can-you-recommend-a-net-template-engine, however all of those template engines are total overkill for me and focused for ASP.NET. Please only recommend free libraries. // I'm still looking an NVelocity but it doesn't look any promising for .NET, overly complicated, when you download it's bunch of files not clear what to do, no tutorial, startup document etc.

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• Are raw C++ pointers first class objects?

  - by Shailesh Kumar

  According to Wikipedia: An object is first-class when it: can be stored in variables and data structures can be passed as a parameter to a subroutine can be returned as the result of a subroutine can be constructed at runtime has intrinsic identity (independent of any given name) Somebody had once told me that raw pointers are not first class objects while smart pointers like std::auto_ptr are. But to me, a raw pointer (to an object or to a function) in C++ does seem to me to satisfy the conditions stated above to qualify as a first class object. Am I missing something?

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• How to make SVN ignore a folder?

  - by pg

  I want to make SVN ignore everything that is in my wordpress directory. It bring me nothing but headaches because of auto updates to plugins etc. When I... svn propedit svn:ignore ./blog It tells me... svn: None of the environment variables SVN_EDITOR, VISUAL or EDITOR is set, and no 'editor-cmd' run-time configuration option was found So I... [phil@sessions www]$ export SVN_EDITOR=emacs [phil@sessions www]$ svn propedit svn:ignore ./blog But I don't know what to put in here to make it ignore.

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• PHP session values lost after redirect on one script but preserved after redirection on another.

  - by Iuhiz

  On my registration script i have: // Save registration information into the database // Set sessions $_SESSION['var1'] = 'somevalue'; $_SESSION['var2'] = 'anothervalue'; header('Location: /somewhere'); exit(); Then on my login script i have: // Check if user provided correct login credentials if (correct) { $_SESSION['var1'] = 'somevalue'; $_SESSION['var2'] = 'anothervalue'; } header('Location: /somewhere'); exit(); What happened is that the session variables were lost after the header redirect in the registration script but they were preserved after the redirect in the login script. I've checked session_id() at both pages and they have the same value, included session_start() at the top of every page and basically tried the solutions to this common problem found on Stackoverflow but somehow nothing seemed to work. I'm beginning to wonder if it is something to do with my server configuration instead of my code.

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• how to start stop tomcat server using CMD?

  - by ali

  i set the path for the tomcat and set all variables like 1.JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.6.0_22 2.CATALINA_HOME=G:\springwork\server\apache-tomcat-6.0.29 3.CLASSPATH=G:\springwork\server\apache-tomcat-6.0.29\lib\servlet-api.jar;G:\springwork\server\apache-tomcat-6.0.29\lib\jsp-api.jar;.; when i go to bin folder and double click on startup.bat then my tomcat start and when i double click on shutdown.bat tomcat is stop. But I want using CMD start and stop the tomcat. And in any folder i write command startup.bat the server will start and when i write the server will stop...... Thanks in advace..........

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