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  • Errors in Homebrew on OS X Lion

    - by Bo Tian
    I just ran the Homebrew script as described in the installation page. I then ran brew doctor in Terminal, and it returned several errors. I'm not sure how to fix those errors, please help. brew doctor Error: Some directories in /usr/local/share/man aren't writable. This can happen if you "sudo make install" software that isn't managed by Homebrew. If a brew tries to add locale information to one of these directories, then the install will fail during the link step. You should probably `chown` them: /usr/local/share/man/de /usr/local/share/man/de/man1 Error: You have Xcode 4.2, which is outdated. Please install Xcode 4.3. Error: Unbrewed dylibs were found in /usr/local/lib. If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted. Unexpected dylibs: /usr/local/lib/libcdt.5.dylib /usr/local/lib/libcgraph.6.dylib /usr/local/lib/libgraph.5.dylib /usr/local/lib/libgvc.6.dylib /usr/local/lib/libgvpr.2.dylib /usr/local/lib/libpathplan.4.dylib /usr/local/lib/libxdot.4.dylib Error: Unbrewed .pc files were found in /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig. If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted. Unexpected .pc files: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libcdt.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libcgraph.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libgraph.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libgvc.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libgvpr.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libpathplan.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libxdot.pc Error: /usr/bin occurs before /usr/local/bin This means that system-provided programs will be used instead of those provided by Homebrew. The following tools exist at both paths: 2to3 Consider amending your PATH so that /usr/local/bin is ahead of /usr/bin in your PATH.

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  • Whats the best way to update Ubuntu 9.04?

    - by Fu86
    I have a Ubuntu 9.04 server which has no packase support anymore. If I want to update my package lists, I get th following errors: Err http://de.archive.ubuntu.com jaunty-security/multiverse Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 141.30.13.10 80] W: Failed to fetch http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 141.30.13.10 80] .... I read at the official Ubuntu-Support-Page, that there is a update-manager-core-Package to upgrade to a new release. Unfortunately I dont have this package installed and I am unable to install it because of the lack of package sources. EDIT: Installing the package update-manager-core from another release doesn't work because it depends on a higher version of python-apt. (Tried with 10.04) $ dpkg -i update-manager-core_0.134.7_amd64.deb Selecting previously deselected package update-manager-core. (Reading database ... 28743 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking update-manager-core (from update-manager-core_0.134.7_amd64.deb) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-manager-core: update-manager-core depends on python-apt (>= 0.7.13.4ubuntu3); however: Version of python-apt on system is 0.7.9~exp2ubuntu10. update-manager-core depends on python-gnupginterface; however: Package python-gnupginterface is not installed. dpkg: error processing update-manager-core (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Errors were encountered while processing: update-manager-core So, whats the best way to upgrade to to current Release without reinstalling the complete (virtual) server?

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  • Can I use multiple URLs in the URL field of KeePass?

    - by Sammy
    I am using KeePass version 2.19. What I would like to do is have more than just one URL address associated with a given user name and password. The entry for a given website might look something like this... Title google User Name email Password pass URL https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?hl=en&continue=https://www.google.com/ https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?hl=sv&continue=https://www.google.com/ https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?hl=de&continue=https://www.google.com/ As you can see the ?hl=en changes into ?hl=sv and then to ?hl=de for the three different languages in which I wish to view the Google log-in page. But this of course could be something completely different, like different web services from the same provider like YouTube and Gmail by Google. Very much like SE where you have several websites but only use one user name and password. I imagine something along the lines of having multiple entries for one and the same website, where KeePass would actually prompt you to choose which one you want to use. So you have several user names and passwords that use the same URL. But is it possible to have several URLs using the same user name and password, so that KeePass asks me "to which of the following three URLs do you want to auto-log into with this password"?

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  • Issues with Apache redirect to www-prefixed URL

    - by lamp_scaler
    I have a website with domain mysite.com. I would like to have it so that if a user types in "mysite.com" it will redirect to "www.mysite.com". Additionally, "mysite.com/subdir" will also redirect to "www.mysite.com/subdir". I've looked and made changes with vhosts and also rewrites, but it's not working for the "mysite.com/subdir"-"www.mysite.com/subdir" case. Every time I type in "mysite.com/subdir", it will redirect to "www.mysite.com". Only "www.mysite.com/subdir" works. Not sure how to troubleshoot this. I turned on rewrite logs and didn't see anything obvious, yet. This is my config files so far. Please let me know what I'm missing. Thanks! FYI: I'm using CentOS 5.4, nginx 1.2.0 on top of Apache 2.2.3. The site itself is built with CodeIgniter framework. http.conf: ServerTokens Prod ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" PidFile run/httpd.pid Timeout 120 KeepAlive Off MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 15 <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 ServerLimit 256 MaxClients 60 MaxRequestsPerChild 10000 #StartServers 8 #MinSpareServers 5 #MaxSpareServers 20 #ServerLimit 256 #MaxClients 256 #MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 </IfModule> <IfModule worker.c> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> Listen 69 LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authn_alias_module modules/mod_authn_alias.so LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so LoadModule suexec_module modules/mod_suexec.so LoadModule disk_cache_module modules/mod_disk_cache.so LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so LoadModule mem_cache_module modules/mod_mem_cache.so LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so #rpaf settings LoadModule rpaf_module modules/mod_rpaf-2.0.so RPAFenable On RPAFproxy_ips 127.0.0.1 RPAFsethostname On # The header where the real client IP address is stored. RPAFheader X-Forwarded-For Include conf.d/*.conf User apache Group apache ServerAdmin root@localhost ServerName www.mysite.com:80 UseCanonicalName Off DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All </Directory> <Directory "/var/www/html"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule mod_userdir.c> UserDir disable </IfModule> DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var AccessFileName .htaccess <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all </Files> <DirectoryMatch "^/.*/\.svn/"> Order deny,allow Deny from all </DirectoryMatch> TypesConfig /etc/mime.types DefaultType text/plain <IfModule mod_mime_magic.c> MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> HostnameLookups Off ErrorLog logs/error_log LogLevel warn LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent CustomLog logs/access_log combined ServerSignature Off Alias /icons/ "/var/www/icons/" <Directory "/var/www/icons"> Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> <IfModule mod_dav_fs.c> DAVLockDB /var/lib/dav/lockdb </IfModule> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> IndexOptions FancyIndexing VersionSort NameWidth=* HTMLTable AddIconByEncoding (CMP,/icons/compressed.gif) x-compress x-gzip AddIconByType (TXT,/icons/text.gif) text/* AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image2.gif) image/* AddIconByType (SND,/icons/sound2.gif) audio/* AddIconByType (VID,/icons/movie.gif) video/* AddIcon /icons/binary.gif .bin .exe AddIcon /icons/binhex.gif .hqx AddIcon /icons/tar.gif .tar AddIcon /icons/world2.gif .wrl .wrl.gz .vrml .vrm .iv AddIcon /icons/compressed.gif .Z .z .tgz .gz .zip AddIcon /icons/a.gif .ps .ai .eps AddIcon /icons/layout.gif .html .shtml .htm .pdf AddIcon /icons/text.gif .txt AddIcon /icons/c.gif .c AddIcon /icons/p.gif .pl .py AddIcon /icons/f.gif .for AddIcon /icons/dvi.gif .dvi AddIcon /icons/uuencoded.gif .uu AddIcon /icons/script.gif .conf .sh .shar .csh .ksh .tcl AddIcon /icons/tex.gif .tex AddIcon /icons/bomb.gif core AddIcon /icons/back.gif .. AddIcon /icons/hand.right.gif README AddIcon /icons/folder.gif ^^DIRECTORY^^ AddIcon /icons/blank.gif ^^BLANKICON^^ DefaultIcon /icons/unknown.gif #AddDescription "GZIP compressed document" .gz #AddDescription "tar archive" .tar #AddDescription "GZIP compressed tar archive" .tgz ReadmeName README.html HeaderName HEADER.html IndexIgnore .??* *~ *# HEADER* README* RCS CVS *,v *,t AddLanguage ca .ca AddLanguage cs .cz .cs AddLanguage da .dk AddLanguage de .de AddLanguage el .el AddLanguage en .en AddLanguage eo .eo AddLanguage es .es AddLanguage et .et AddLanguage fr .fr AddLanguage he .he AddLanguage hr .hr AddLanguage it .it AddLanguage ja .ja AddLanguage ko .ko AddLanguage ltz .ltz AddLanguage nl .nl AddLanguage nn .nn AddLanguage no .no AddLanguage pl .po AddLanguage pt .pt AddLanguage pt-BR .pt-br AddLanguage ru .ru AddLanguage sv .sv AddLanguage zh-CN .zh-cn AddLanguage zh-TW .zh-tw LanguagePriority en zh-CN zh-TW ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 AddType text/x-component .htc AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddHandler type-map var AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml Alias /error/ "/var/www/error/" <IfModule mod_negotiation.c> <IfModule mod_include.c> <Directory "/var/www/error"> AllowOverride None Options IncludesNoExec AddOutputFilter Includes html AddHandler type-map var Order allow,deny Allow from all LanguagePriority en es de fr ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback </Directory> </IfModule> </IfModule> BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0 BrowserMatch "Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "MS FrontPage" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^WebDrive" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[0123]" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^gnome-vfs/1.0" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^XML Spy" redirect-carefully BrowserMatch "^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1" redirect-carefully vhost.conf: NameVirtualHost *:69 <VirtualHost *:69> ServerName mysite.com ServerAlias vip.mysite.com Redirect / http://www.mysite.com/ </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:69> DocumentRoot /home/mysite/mysite/www ServerName www.mysite.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:69> DocumentRoot /home/mysite/mysite/www/assets ServerName static.mysite.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:69> DocumentRoot /home/mysite/admin/www ServerName admin.mysite.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:69> DocumentRoot /home/other/trunk/www ServerName othersite.com ServerAlias www.othersite.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:69> DocumentRoot /var/www/html ServerName test.mysite.com ServerAlias test2.mysite.com </VirtualHost> /home/mysite/mysite/www/.htaccess: RewriteEngine on # In my case all CI files are outside this web root, so we can # allow any files or directories that exist to be displayed directly RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d # hide index.php RewriteRule .* index.php/$0 [L] # BEGIN Compress text files <ifModule mod_deflate.c> <filesMatch "\.(css|js|x?html?|php)$"> SetOutputFilter DEFLATE </filesMatch> </ifModule> # END Compress text files # BEGIN Expire headers <ifModule mod_expires.c> ExpiresActive On ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 seconds" ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 2592000 seconds" ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 604800 seconds" ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 604800 seconds" ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 604800 seconds" ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 604800 seconds" ExpiresByType application/xhtml+xml "access plus 600 seconds" </ifModule> # END Expire headers # BEGIN Cache-Control Headers <ifModule mod_headers.c> <filesMatch "\.(ico|jpe?g|png|gif|swf)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=2592000, public" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\.(css)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, public" </filesMatch> <filesMatch "\.(js)$"> Header set Cache-Control "max-age=604800, private" </filesMatch> </ifModule> # END Cache-Control Headers # BEGIN Turn ETags Off <ifModule mod_headers.c> Header unset ETag </ifModule> FileETag None # END Turn ETags Off /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf: server { listen 80; server_name static.mysite.com; location / { root /home/mysite/mysite/www/assets; index index.html index.htm; expires max; } } server { listen 80; server_name *.mysite.com www.mysite.com vip.mysite.com; #Set this larger if uploading big files client_max_body_size 5m; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:69; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; #client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; } }

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  • nginx redirect what is not coming from load balancing

    - by dawez
    I have nginx on SERVER1 that is acting as load balancing between SERVER1 and SERVER2 in SERVER1 I have the upstreams for the load balancing defined as : upstream de.server.com { # similar upstreams defined also for other languages # SELF SERVER1 server 127.0.0.1:8082 weight=3 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=2; # other SERVER2 server otherserverip:8082 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=2; } The load balancing config on SERVER1 is this one: server { listen 80; server_name ~^(?<LANG>de|es|fr)\.server\.com; location / { proxy_pass http://$LANG.server.com; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # trying to pass a variable in the header to SERVER2 proxy_set_header Is-From-Load-Balancer 1; } } Then in server 2 I have: server { listen 8082; server_name localhost; root /var/www/server.com/public; # test output values add_header testloadbalancer $http_is_from_load_balancer; add_header testloadbalancer2 not_load_bal; ## other stuff here to process the request } I can see the "testloadbalancer" in the response header is set to 1 when the request is coming from the load balancing, it is not present when from a direct access: SERVER2:8082 . I would like to bounce back to the SERVER1 all the direct requests that are sent to SERVER2, but keep the ones from the load balancing. So this should forbid direct access to SERVER2:8082 and redirect to SERVER1:80 .

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  • openvpn WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled

    - by tmedtcom
    I tried to install openvpn on debian squeez (server) and connect from my fedora 17 as (client). Here is my configuration: server configuration ###cat server.conf # Serveur TCP ** proto tcp** port 1194 dev tun # Cles et certificats ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.crt key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/server.key dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh1024.pem # Reseau #Adresse virtuel du reseau vpn server 192.170.70.0 255.255.255.0 #Cette ligne ajoute sur le client la route du reseau vers le serveur push "route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0" #Creer une route du server vers l'interface tun. #route 192.170.70.0 255.255.255.0 # Securite keepalive 10 120 #type d'encryptage des données **cipher AES-128-CBC** #activation de la compression comp-lzo #nombre maximum de clients autorisés max-clients 10 #pas d'utilisateur et groupe particuliers pour l'utilisation du VPN user nobody group nogroup #pour rendre la connexion persistante persist-key persist-tun #Log d'etat d'OpenVPN status /var/log/openvpn-status.log #logs openvpnlog /var/log/openvpn.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log #niveau de verbosité verb 5 ###cat client.conf # Client client dev tun [COLOR="Red"]proto tcp-client[/COLOR] remote <my server wan IP> 1194 resolv-retry infinite **cipher AES-128-CBC** # Cles ca ca.crt cert client.crt key client.key # Securite nobind persist-key persist-tun comp-lzo verb 3 Message from the host client (fedora 17) in the log file / var / log / messages: Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> Starting VPN service 'openvpn'... Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN service 'openvpn' started (org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.openvpn), PID 7470 Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN service 'openvpn' appeared; activating connections Dec 6 21:56:00 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN plugin state changed: starting (3) Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <info> VPN connection 'Connexion VPN 1' (Connect) reply received. Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: OpenVPN 2.2.2 x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] built on Sep 5 2012 Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]:[COLOR="Red"][U][B] WARNING: No server certificate verification method has been enabled.[/B][/U][/COLOR] See http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm for more info. Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]:[COLOR="Red"] WARNING: file '/home/login/client/client.key' is group or others accessible[/COLOR] Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: UDPv4 link local: [undef] Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: UDPv4 link remote: [COLOR="Red"]<my server wan IP>[/COLOR]:1194 Dec 6 21:56:01 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: [COLOR="Red"]read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111)[/COLOR] Dec 6 21:56:03 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: [COLOR="Red"]read UDPv4[/COLOR] [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:07 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:15 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:31 GlobalTIC nm-openvpn[7472]: read UDPv4 [ECONNREFUSED]: Connection refused (code=111) Dec 6 21:56:41 GlobalTIC NetworkManager[691]: <warn> VPN connection 'Connexion VPN 1' (IP Conf[/CODE] ifconfig on server host(debian): ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:16:21:ac inet addr:192.168.1.6 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe16:21ac/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:9059 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5660 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:919427 (897.8 KiB) TX bytes:1273891 (1.2 MiB) tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:192.170.70.1 P-t-P:192.170.70.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) ifconfig on the client host (fedora 17) as0t0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.0.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.0.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 as0t1: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.4.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.4.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 as0t2: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.8.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.8.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 as0t3: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 5.5.12.1 netmask 255.255.252.0 destination 5.5.12.1 unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 200 (UNSPEC) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 2 bytes 321 (321.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 **p255p1**: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 inet6 fe80::21d:baff:fe20:b7e6 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:1d:ba:20:b7:e6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 4842070 bytes 3579798184 (3.3 GiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 3996158 bytes 2436442882 (2.2 GiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 device interrupt 16 p255p1 is label for eth0 interface and on the server : root@hoteserver:/etc/openvpn# tree . +-- client ¦** +-- ca.crt ¦** +-- client.conf ¦** +-- client.crt ¦** +-- client.csr ¦** +-- client.key ¦** +-- client.ovpn ¦* ¦** +-- easy-rsa ¦** +-- build-ca ¦** +-- build-dh ¦** +-- build-inter ¦** +-- build-key ¦** +-- build-key-pass ¦** +-- build-key-pkcs12 ¦** +-- build-key-server ¦** +-- build-req ¦** +-- build-req-pass ¦** +-- clean-all ¦** +-- inherit-inter ¦** +-- keys ¦** ¦** +-- 01.pem ¦** ¦** +-- 02.pem ¦** ¦** +-- ca.crt ¦** ¦** +-- ca.key ¦** ¦** +-- client.crt ¦** ¦** +-- client.csr ¦** ¦** +-- client.key ¦** ¦** +-- dh1024.pem ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt.attr ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt.attr.old ¦** ¦** +-- index.txt.old ¦** ¦** +-- serial ¦** ¦** +-- serial.old ¦** ¦** +-- server.crt ¦** ¦** +-- server.csr ¦** ¦** +-- server.key ¦** +-- list-crl ¦** +-- Makefile ¦** +-- openssl-0.9.6.cnf.gz ¦** +-- openssl.cnf ¦** +-- pkitool ¦** +-- README.gz ¦** +-- revoke-full ¦** +-- sign-req ¦** +-- vars ¦** +-- whichopensslcnf +-- openvpn.log +-- openvpn-status.log +-- server.conf +-- update-resolv-conf on the client: [login@hoteclient openvpn]$ tree . |-- easy-rsa | |-- 1.0 | | |-- build-ca | | |-- build-dh | | |-- build-inter | | |-- build-key | | |-- build-key-pass | | |-- build-key-pkcs12 | | |-- build-key-server | | |-- build-req | | |-- build-req-pass | | |-- clean-all | | |-- list-crl | | |-- make-crl | | |-- openssl.cnf | | |-- README | | |-- revoke-crt | | |-- revoke-full | | |-- sign-req | | `-- vars | `-- 2.0 | |-- build-ca | |-- build-dh | |-- build-inter | |-- build-key | |-- build-key-pass | |-- build-key-pkcs12 | |-- build-key-server | |-- build-req | |-- build-req-pass | |-- clean-all | |-- inherit-inter | |-- keys [error opening dir] | |-- list-crl | |-- Makefile | |-- openssl-0.9.6.cnf | |-- openssl-0.9.8.cnf | |-- openssl-1.0.0.cnf | |-- pkitool | |-- README | |-- revoke-full | |-- sign-req | |-- vars | `-- whichopensslcnf |-- keys -> ./easy-rsa/2.0/keys/ `-- server.conf the problem source is cipher AES-128-CBC ,proto tcp-client or UDP or the interface p255p1 on fedora17 or file authentification ta.key is not found ????

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  • Getting error while install mod_wsgi on centos6.3 with python 2.7

    - by user825904
    In initially installed yum install mod_wsgi and i think it was linked with python 2.6 Now is there any way to link it with 2.7 I tried configuring from the source and i get this error apxs -c -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -DNDEBUG mod_wsgi.c -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib/python2.7/config -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm /usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -prefer-pic -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -pthread -I/usr/include/httpd -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -DNDEBUG -c -o mod_wsgi.lo mod_wsgi.c && touch mod_wsgi.slo In file included from /usr/local/include/python2.7/Python.h:8, from mod_wsgi.c:142: /usr/local/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1161:1: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:26, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr-x86_64.h:127, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr.h:19, from /usr/include/httpd/ap_config.h:25, from /usr/include/httpd/httpd.h:43, from mod_wsgi.c:34: /usr/include/features.h:162:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition In file included from /usr/local/include/python2.7/Python.h:8, from mod_wsgi.c:142: /usr/local/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1183:1: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" redefined In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:26, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr-x86_64.h:127, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr.h:19, from /usr/include/httpd/ap_config.h:25, from /usr/include/httpd/httpd.h:43, from mod_wsgi.c:34: /usr/include/features.h:164:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_server_group’: mod_wsgi.c:991: warning: unused variable ‘value’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Log_isatty’: mod_wsgi.c:1665: warning: unused variable ‘result’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Log_writelines’: mod_wsgi.c:1802: warning: unused variable ‘msg’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Adapter_output’: mod_wsgi.c:3087: warning: unused variable ‘n’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Adapter_file_wrapper’: mod_wsgi.c:4138: warning: unused variable ‘result’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_python_term’: mod_wsgi.c:5850: warning: unused variable ‘tstate’ mod_wsgi.c:5849: warning: unused variable ‘interp’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_python_child_init’: mod_wsgi.c:7050: warning: unused variable ‘l’ mod_wsgi.c:6948: warning: unused variable ‘interp’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_add_import_script’: mod_wsgi.c:7701: warning: unused variable ‘error’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_add_handler_script’: mod_wsgi.c:8179: warning: unused variable ‘dconfig’ mod_wsgi.c:8178: warning: unused variable ‘sconfig’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_hook_handler’: mod_wsgi.c:9375: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9377: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9379: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9383: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9403: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9405: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9408: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_daemon_worker’: mod_wsgi.c:10819: warning: unused variable ‘duration’ mod_wsgi.c:10818: warning: unused variable ‘start’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_hook_daemon_handler’: mod_wsgi.c:13172: warning: unused variable ‘i’ mod_wsgi.c:13170: warning: unused variable ‘elts’ mod_wsgi.c:13169: warning: unused variable ‘head’ mod_wsgi.c: At top level: mod_wsgi.c:8142: warning: ‘wsgi_set_user_authoritative’ defined but not used mod_wsgi.c:15251: warning: ‘wsgi_hook_check_user_id’ defined but not used /usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -o mod_wsgi.la -rpath /usr/lib64/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_wsgi.lo -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib/python2.7/config -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a(abstract.o): relocation R_X86_64_32 against `.rodata.str1.8' can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC /usr/local/lib/libpython2.7.a: could not read symbols: Bad value collect2: ld returned 1 exit status apxs:Error: Command failed with rc=65536 . make: *** [mod_wsgi.la] Error 1 Waiting for Graham

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  • How to read unix usage

    - by sixtyfootersdude
    I did some searching but I cannot find documentation on how unix usage works. I know somethings (mostly through trial and error) but for example how do I know that: /usr/bin/ls [-aAbcCdeEfFghHilLmnopqrRstuvVx1@] [file]... Means that you can include more than one option. Ie: ls -la Can someone point me to some documentation on what the usage syntax is.

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  • stat command filesize reporting on busybox

    - by datadevil
    I'm trying to write a shell script in busybox to check the filesize of a file. Having read that stat is more reliable then ls, I decided to use that, but somehow when using the following command: stat -c %s filename I get the following output: 559795. This goes for the following 2 files (shown using ls -la): 0 Jan 20 16:32 foo_empty 4 Jan 20 16:32 foo_not_empty Anyone know what's happening there? I can just go back to using ls, but I'm not understanding what's happening here, and that's bothering me..

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  • Turn off email notification from abrt (Automatic Bug Reporting Tool)

    - by Banjer
    I'm configuring CentOS 6.2 and have seen a few "[abrt] full crash report" emails. I understand that abrt is useful for creating crash dumps and what not, so I don't want to disable the service, I just would like to stop getting the crash report emails. I probably have to add something to the config file in /etc/abrt/abrt.conf. I can't seem to find anything in my searches. Any idea? Thanks. Edit: Here is my abrt.conf, which is rather simple. [root@myhost~]# cat /etc/abrt/abrt.conf # Enable this if you want abrtd to auto-unpack crashdump tarballs which appear # in this directory (for example, uploaded via ftp, scp etc). # Note: you must ensure that whatever directory you specify here exists # and is writable for abrtd. abrtd will not create it automatically. # #WatchCrashdumpArchiveDir = /var/spool/abrt-upload # Max size for crash storage [MiB] or 0 for unlimited # MaxCrashReportsSize = 1000 # Specify where you want to store coredumps and all files which are needed for # reporting. (default:/var/spool/abrt) # #DumpLocation = /var/spool/abrt And a listing of /etc/abrt: [root@myhost~]# ls -la /etc/abrt total 32 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:14 . drwxr-xr-x. 97 root root 12288 Apr 13 03:50 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 527 Dec 13 22:50 abrt-action-save-package-data.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 572 Dec 13 22:50 abrt.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 175 Dec 13 22:50 gpg_keys drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:13 plugins [root@myhost~]# ls -la /etc/abrt/plugins/ total 12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:13 . drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:14 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 278 Dec 13 22:50 CCpp.conf Actually all of those conf files above are only a few lines and do not mention anything about mail, email, or notifications.

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  • Enabling login logging in Ubuntu 9.10

    - by Sopa Christian
    On a Ubuntu 9.10 system: $ uname -a Linux ionut-laptop 2.6.31-14-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 16 14:04:26 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux the files /var/log/wtmp and /var/log/btmp are empty: $ ls -la /var/log/?tmp -rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 2010-04-10 16:54 /var/log/btmp -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 2010-04-10 16:54 /var/log/wtmp Because of this, the last(1) command is not working. What to do?

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  • Enabling Linux login logging in wtmp

    - by jean88
    On a Ubuntu 9.10 system: $ uname -a Linux ionut-laptop 2.6.31-14-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP Fri Oct 16 14:04:26 UTC 2009 i686 GNU/Linux the files /var/log/wtmp and /var/log/btmp are empty: $ ls -la /var/log/?tmp -rw-rw---- 1 root utmp 0 2010-04-10 16:54 /var/log/btmp -rw-rw-r-- 1 root utmp 0 2010-04-10 16:54 /var/log/wtmp Because of this, the last(1) command is not working. What to do?

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  • Is there a way to HIDE a file/dir from a specific user/group?

    - by Iraklis
    I'm setting up ACL permissions in CENTOS. I'm getting close to the structure that I have in mind however one piece is missing for completing the puzzle. Is there any way to HIDE a file/directory from a specific user/group? I'm not talking about not being able to read, change dir to it. I want to completely hide it from the specific user/group (not to show up on ls -la).

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  • Apache: Rewrite rule to remove slashes from the permalink?

    - by javipas
    I've seen this previous question on ServerFault, and I want something similar, but I'm not sure how to accomplish it. What I want is to remove all slashes from the permalink except for the one that goes after the domain name. For example: http://www.muycomputerpro.com/Actualidad/Especiales/La-Ciudad-Eficiente-Netapp would be redirected to http://www.muycomputerpro.com/ActualidadEspecialesLa-Ciudad-Eficiente-Netapp I need it to correct some 404 errors remaining on my WordPress blog under Apache web server. So, what would be the right rewrite rule?

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  • Advice, pls: web app stack suitable for shared hosting ...

    - by Bill Bell
    Considerations: greatly prefer Python want to build as little as possible myself (I suppose this is obvious) prefer built-in or availability of add-on wiki and conferencing (nothing fancy) need three levels of authentication: single 'super user', one administration user for each of several groups, individual 'ordinary' users authenticate to one of these groups cron substitute à la Django or Zope would be nice, for keeping an RSS feed up-to-date, principally hosting I use does not provide mod_wsgi, mod_python, etc. Your thoughts, please.

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  • What is preventing me from upgrading / installing Fixefox extensions?

    - by Josh
    I am trying to install a Firefox extension into Firefox 3.6.13 under OS X 10.5.8, and I keep getting an error message: Firefox could not install the file at because: Download error -228 I have read this and found it unhelpful. My cache is 500 MB and ~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems is writable: [jnet@Stan ~]$ ls -la ~/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems total 16 drwx------ 5 jnet jnet 170 Jan 27 20:51 . Any idea how I can correct this?

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  • No mod_jk.so generated when compiling tomcat connector

    - by user1171848
    When I try to compile the tomcat connector from source, everything appears fine except that no mod_jk.so file gets created. Software versions: RHEL6 x86_64 httpd-2.4.3 tomcat-connector 1.2.37 Commands: cd native ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs make cd apache-2.0 ls The only warning message during the make is: Warning! dlname not found in /usr/local/tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/apache-2.0/mod_jk.la. Does anyone have any suggestions on how to get the mod_jk.so file to be generated?

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  • Getting error while installing mod_wsgi in centos

    - by user825904
    I have reinstalled python with enable shared [root@master mod_wsgi-3.4]# make clean rm -rf .libs rm -f mod_wsgi.o mod_wsgi.la mod_wsgi.lo mod_wsgi.slo mod_wsgi.loT rm -f config.log config.status rm -rf autom4te.cache [root@master mod_wsgi-3.4]# LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/lib make apxs -c -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -DNDEBUG mod_wsgi.c -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib/python2.7/config -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm /usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -prefer-pic -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -pthread -I/usr/include/httpd -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/usr/local/include/python2.7 -DNDEBUG -c -o mod_wsgi.lo mod_wsgi.c && touch mod_wsgi.slo In file included from /usr/local/include/python2.7/Python.h:8, from mod_wsgi.c:142: /usr/local/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1161:1: warning: "_POSIX_C_SOURCE" redefined In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:26, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr-x86_64.h:127, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr.h:19, from /usr/include/httpd/ap_config.h:25, from /usr/include/httpd/httpd.h:43, from mod_wsgi.c:34: /usr/include/features.h:162:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition In file included from /usr/local/include/python2.7/Python.h:8, from mod_wsgi.c:142: /usr/local/include/python2.7/pyconfig.h:1183:1: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" redefined In file included from /usr/include/sys/types.h:26, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr-x86_64.h:127, from /usr/include/apr-1/apr.h:19, from /usr/include/httpd/ap_config.h:25, from /usr/include/httpd/httpd.h:43, from mod_wsgi.c:34: /usr/include/features.h:164:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_server_group’: mod_wsgi.c:991: warning: unused variable ‘value’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Log_isatty’: mod_wsgi.c:1665: warning: unused variable ‘result’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Log_writelines’: mod_wsgi.c:1802: warning: unused variable ‘msg’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Adapter_output’: mod_wsgi.c:3087: warning: unused variable ‘n’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘Adapter_file_wrapper’: mod_wsgi.c:4138: warning: unused variable ‘result’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_python_term’: mod_wsgi.c:5850: warning: unused variable ‘tstate’ mod_wsgi.c:5849: warning: unused variable ‘interp’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_python_child_init’: mod_wsgi.c:7050: warning: unused variable ‘l’ mod_wsgi.c:6948: warning: unused variable ‘interp’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_add_import_script’: mod_wsgi.c:7701: warning: unused variable ‘error’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_add_handler_script’: mod_wsgi.c:8179: warning: unused variable ‘dconfig’ mod_wsgi.c:8178: warning: unused variable ‘sconfig’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_hook_handler’: mod_wsgi.c:9375: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9377: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9379: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9383: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9403: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9405: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c:9408: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_daemon_worker’: mod_wsgi.c:10819: warning: unused variable ‘duration’ mod_wsgi.c:10818: warning: unused variable ‘start’ mod_wsgi.c: In function ‘wsgi_hook_daemon_handler’: mod_wsgi.c:13172: warning: unused variable ‘i’ mod_wsgi.c:13170: warning: unused variable ‘elts’ mod_wsgi.c:13169: warning: unused variable ‘head’ mod_wsgi.c: At top level: mod_wsgi.c:8142: warning: ‘wsgi_set_user_authoritative’ defined but not used mod_wsgi.c:15251: warning: ‘wsgi_hook_check_user_id’ defined but not used /usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -o mod_wsgi.la -rpath /usr/lib64/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_wsgi.lo -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib/python2.7/config -lpython2.7 -lpthread -ldl -lutil -lm

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  • What should I do about this user?

    - by Tim Brigham
    What should I do about this user? The user is: Downloading pornography Attempting unauthorized access Running hacking software Sending unsolicited email Installing software / tampering with the system etc This is intended as a generic answer for employee behavioral problems, a la Can you help me with my software licensing question? I could see where acceptable use issues are a touch out of scope for SF, however it is one of those things most sysadmins will run into. I don't want to keep rewriting similar answers.

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  • cd Command Linux and Mystery Flags

    - by Jason R. Mick
    Platform: CentOS 6.2 Shell:tcsh I'm playing around with cd for a BASH script, and noticed the wondrous cd - option, but was left with many questions... Why the cd -? Isn't this redundant with cd ..? EDIT [As FatalError points out, these two commands don't do the same things... so the answer is "no"] Can you delve farther back into your history with - flag, a la in a browser? e.g. When I type cd -, it takes me to my previous directory, but then if I enter that command again, it takes me to the directory I just came from, creating a sort of loop. Is a shorthand for going back multiple levels supported?EDITI realize I can go back with cd .., but was hoping this could be a gateway to a less verbose deep back, e.g. cd -3 vs. cd ../../../ ... hopefully that clarifies what I'm asking....EDIT2As to the current feedback, while .. is a special directory, I don't see a reason why the built-in cd to the terminal couldn't use a shorthand for ../../ ... ../ e.g. cd ..5 or why the built-in also couldn't have a history (a la auto pushd/popd) that could be turned on and used like cd -3. I get that this could be somewhat of security/privacy risk, but I don't see how it's any worst than storing a command history, which most shells/terminals do. The manpage for cd, accessible via man cd and help cd (it's the same for either command), only lists -L and -P flags. However when I type in cd --help it outputs Usage: cd [-plvn][-|<dir>].. Am I right in assuming the other flags and the - (back) option are nonstandard? What are the -n and -v flags for? Both seem to take me back to my home directory, that's all I've been able to figure out via experimentation. A quick read on web resources [1][2] offered just the same sort of info that the man page did and didn't answer my questions. Note: The second Linux-centric resource above claimed cd only had two options (obviously not true in current CentOS) hence my assumption that this functionality could be non-standard.

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  • eVGA GTX 550 Ti 1GB Super OC or eVGA GTX460 SE 1GB SuperClocked OC [closed]

    - by Tusk
    I'm stuck between ´eVGA GTX 550 Ti 1GB Super OC´ and ´eVGA GTX460 SE 1GB SuperClocked OC´. I know that 460 is better in performance, but does the 550 Ti has any newer feature, which makes it better? I'll mostly use it for HD movies and HD gaming (skyrim, la noire). Would appreciate opinions about which card is better, and if you have one of these, please provide something useful information. Thanks.

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