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  • Dynamic loading a class in java with a different package name

    - by C. Ross
    Is it possible to load a class in Java and 'fake' the package name/canonical name of a class? I tried doing this, the obvious way, but I get a "class name doesn't match" message in a ClassDefNotFoundException. The reason I'm doing this is I'm trying to load an API that was written in the default package so that I can use it directly without using reflection. The code will compile against the class in a folder structure representing the package and a package name import. ie: ./com/DefaultPackageClass.class // ... import com.DefaultPackageClass; import java.util.Vector; // ... My current code is as follows: public Class loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException { if(!CLASS_NAME.equals(name)) return super.loadClass(name); try { URL myUrl = new URL(fileUrl); URLConnection connection = myUrl.openConnection(); InputStream input = connection.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int data = input.read(); while(data != -1){ buffer.write(data); data = input.read(); } input.close(); byte[] classData = buffer.toByteArray(); return defineClass(CLASS_NAME, classData, 0, classData.length); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(e); } }

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  • Advantage of WPF app vs Winform for business apps?

    - by Abdu
    I know asp.net and winform development. I am not the type of developer who jumps into a new technology just because it's new. It needs to give me extra benefits like higher productivity. What are the advantages of WPF over Winforms for pure business apps? I am not interested in the extra eye candy, animation, gradients, image display effects and so on which WPF provides. The business apps are for data entry, data reporting and maybe some charts and static display of photos. How will WPF help in these apps? Better richer data binding? WinForm is a mature proven technology and I like the fact I can do everything in Visual Studio vs multiple IDE's for WPF (VS & Blend family). Plus I think WPF doesn't have as rich data binding controls like their Winform counterparts (DataGridView..etc). AFAIK, Microsoft will still support Winforms for many years. Try to convince someone like me to switch.

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  • C++: Reference and Pointer question (example regarding OpenGL)

    - by Jay
    I would like to load textures, and then have them be used by multiple objects. Would this work? class Sprite { GLuint* mTextures; // do I need this to also be a reference? Sprite( GLuint* textures ) // do I need this to also be a reference? { mTextures = textures; } void Draw( textureNumber ) { glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextures[ textureNumber ] ); // drawing code } }; // normally these variables would be inputed, but I did this for simplicity. const int NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES = 40; const int WHICH_TEXTURE = 10; void main() { std::vector<GLuint> the_textures; the_textures.resize( NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES ); glGenTextures( NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES, &the_textures[0] ); // texture loading code Sprite the_sprite( &the_textures[0] ); the_sprite.Draw( WHICH_TEXTURE ); } And is there a different way I should do this, even if it would work? Thanks.

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  • Convert Justified Paragraph To Image

    - by rsrobbins
    I need to convert a paragraph of text into an image. Converting the text into an image is no problem. I have the code to do that. But the text must be shown as a paragraph with each line centered. That is a problem! Currently I can convert the text into a left justified paragraph because there are carriage returns in the text string. I suppose it could be center justified with spaces in the string but it would be hard to calculate the required spaces. There must be an easier way. What I need is some way to format the text into a paragraph and then convert it back into a string, preserving spaces. This needs to be done in VB.NET for an ASP.NET web application. Any ideas? I could get the paragraph justified in Rich Text Format but I don't know if it can be converted back into a string, preserving spaces. Creating a PDF is another possibility. The image created from the text needs to be 300 DPI with a transparent background. I'm using the DrawString method of a Graphics object to create the image.

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  • How to create C++ istringstream from a char array with null(0) characters?

    - by Morpheus
    I have a char array which contains null characters at random locations. I tried to create an iStringStream using this array (encodedData_arr) as below, I use this iStringStream to insert binary data(imagedata of Iplimage) to a MySQL database blob field(using MySQL Connector/C++'s setBlob(istream *is) ) it only stores the characters upto the first null character. Is there a way to create an iStringStream using a char array with null characters? unsigned char *encodedData_arr = new unsigned char[data_vector_uchar->size()]; // Assign the data of vector<unsigned char> to the encodedData_arr for (int i = 0; i < vec_size; ++i) { cout<< data_vector_uchar->at(i)<< " : "<< encodedData_arr[i]<<endl; } // Here the content of the encodedData_arr is same as the data_vector_uchar // So char array is initializing fine. istream *is = new istringstream((char*)encodedData_arr, istringstream::in || istringstream::binary); prepStmt_insertImage->setBlob(1, is); // Here only part of the data is stored in the database blob field (Upto the first null character)

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  • How do I overload () operator with two parameters; like (3,5)?

    - by hkBattousai
    I have a mathematical matrix class. It contains a member function which is used to access any element of the class. template >class T> class Matrix { public: // ... void SetElement(T dbElement, uint64_t unRow, uint64_t unCol); // ... }; template <class T> void Matrix<T>::SetElement(T Element, uint64_t unRow, uint64_t unCol) { try { // "TheMatrix" is define as "std::vector<T> TheMatrix" TheMatrix.at(m_unColSize * unRow + unCol) = Element; } catch(std::out_of_range & e) { // Do error handling here } } I'm using this method in my code like this: // create a matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns whose elements are double Matrix<double> matrix(2, 3); // change the value of the element at 1st row and 2nd column to 6.78 matrix.SetElement(6.78, 1, 2); This works well, but I want to use operator overloading to simplify things, like below: Matrix<double> matrix(2, 3); matrix(1, 2) = 6.78; // HOW DO I DO THIS?

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  • Should I learn to code?

    - by saltcod
    Hi All, This is more of a philosophical question than a technical one, but I’d like some opinions on it, and I think that there are many others in my position that would benefit. My issue is that I don’t really have time to learn how to code. I know, I know… no one has time anymore, but please hear me out. Since learning to use Drupal about 2 years ago I’ve been involved with several projects wherein I’ve become the default quasi-developer, front-end designer, site manager, and system administrator. What I’ve found is that I can produce fairly nice, feature rich Drupal sites with the wealth of contrib. modules out there (Views, CCK, image handling, etc….). BUT! I can’t code. I know enough PHP to insert something into a block, or re-word a string, but that’s about it. I still don’t really even know how arrays work. My question Succinctly, my question is: Given the time that I have available for all of this stuff – in addition to a full-time job and regular life – am I better off trying to become more expert at the front-end stuff, or should I just learn PHP already? Pros 1. If a project doesn’t use Drupal, I’ll know enough PHP to be able to participate. 2. Learning PHP would help my Drupal development too 3. Learning PHP would make front-end theming easier 4. Learning PHP should give me that missing background in programming – and should allow me to learn other languages in the future Cons 1. At 28, I know I’m not too old to learn anything. But am I too old to become ‘good’? 2. Am I better off getting better and better at front-end UX work? 3. Am I better off farming out the PHP work? Suggestions from coders welcome! Thanks Terry

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  • Ping broadcast on Win XP SP3

    - by PaulH
    I'm trying to ping the broadcast address 255.255.255.255 on WinXP SP3. If I use the command line, I get host error: C:\>ping 255.255.255.255 Ping request could not find host 255.255.255.255. Please check the name and try again. If I try a C++ program using the iphlpapi, IcmpSendEcho() fails and GetLastError returns 11010 IP_REQ_TIMED_OUT. HANDLE h = ::IcmpCreateFile(); IPAddr broadcast = inet_addr( "255.255.255.255" ); BYTE payload[ 32 ] = { 0 }; IP_OPTION_INFORMATION option = { 255, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; // a buffer with room for 32 replies each containing the full payload std::vector< BYTE > replies( 32 * ( sizeof( ICMP_ECHO_REPLY ) + 32 ) ); DWORD res = ::IcmpSendEcho( h, broadcast, payload, sizeof( payload ), &option, &replies[ 0 ], replies.size(), 1000 ); ::IcmpCloseHandle( h ); I can ping the local broadcast 192.168.0.255 with no problem. What do I need to do to ping the global broadcast? Thanks, PaulH

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  • Variable length argument list - How to understand we retrieved the last argument?

    - by hkBattousai
    I have a Polynomial class which holds coefficients of a given polynomial. One of its overloaded constructors is supposed to receive these coefficients via variable argument list. template <class T> Polynomial<T>::Polynomial(T FirstCoefficient, ...) { va_list ArgumentPointer; va_start(ArgumentPointer, FirstCoefficient); T NextCoefficient = FirstCoefficient; std::vector<T> Coefficients; while (true) { Coefficients.push_back(NextCoefficient); NextCoefficient = va_arg(ArgumentPointer, T); if (/* did we retrieve all the arguments */) // How do I implement this? { break; } } m_Coefficients = Coefficients; } I know that we usually pass an extra parameter which tells the recipient method the total number of parameters, or we pass a sentimental ending parameter. But in order to keep thing short and clean, I don't prefer passing an extra parameter. Is there any way of doing this without modifying the method signature in the example?

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  • Looking for Go equivalent of scanf.

    - by Stephen Hsu
    I'm looking for the Go equivalent of scanf(). I tried with following code: 1 package main 2 3 import ( 4 "scanner" 5 "os" 6 "fmt" 7 ) 8 9 func main() { 10 var s scanner.Scanner 11 s.Init(os.Stdin) 12 s.Mode = scanner.ScanInts 13 tok := s.Scan() 14 for tok != scanner.EOF { 15 fmt.Printf("%d ", tok) 16 tok = s.Scan() 17 } 18 fmt.Println() 19 } I run it with input from a text with a line of integers. But it always output -3 -3 ... And how to scan a line composed of a string and some integers? Changing the mode whenever encounter a new data type? The Package documentation: Package scanner A general-purpose scanner for UTF-8 encoded text. But it seems that the scanner is not for general use. Updated code: func main() { n := scanf() fmt.Println(n) fmt.Println(len(n)) } func scanf() []int { nums := new(vector.IntVector) reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) str, err := reader.ReadString('\n') for err != os.EOF { fields := strings.Fields(str) for _, f := range fields { i, _ := strconv.Atoi(f) nums.Push(i) } str, err = reader.ReadString('\n') } r := make([]int, nums.Len()) for i := 0; i < nums.Len(); i++ { r[i] = nums.At(i) } return r }

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  • Rendering maps from raw SVG data in Java

    - by Lunikon
    In an application of mine I have to display locations and great circle paths in a map which is rendered to PNG and then displayed on the web. For this I simply use a world map (NASA's Blue Marbel in fact) scaled to various "zoom levels" as base image and only display the a part of it matching the final image size and fitting all items to be displayed. Straight forward so far. Now I came across Wikipedia's awesome blank SVG maps which contain all the country codes for easy reference and I was wondering whether it was possible to use those to have more customized colors and to highliht countries etc. So I did a bit of googling and was looking for Java libraries which would enable me to load the blank SVG map to memory allows for easy reference/selection of certain paths do manipulations of coloring, stroke widths etc render to a buffered image as the background for the great-circle paths/nodes What I came across quite often was Batik, but it looks like a really heavy framework and I'm not quite sure whether it is what I'm looking for. I have recently played around with Raphaël a bit and I like the way it handles working with vector graphics in code. If the Java framework for my purpose would feature a similar interface, that would be a nice-to-have. Any recommendations what toolset would be approriate for my purposes?

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  • Template trick to optimize out allocations

    - by anon
    I have: struct DoubleVec { std::vector<double> data; }; DoubleVec operator+(const DoubleVec& lhs, const DoubleVec& rhs) { DoubleVec ans(lhs.size()); for(int i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) { ans[i] = lhs[i]] + rhs[i]; // assume lhs.size() == rhs.size() } return ans; } DoubleVec someFunc(DoubleVec a, DoubleVec b, DoubleVec c, DoubleVec d) { DoubleVec ans = a + b + c + d; } Now, in the above, the "a + b + c + d" will cause the creation of 3 temporary DoubleVec's -- is there a way to optimize this away with some type of template magic ... i.e. to optimize it down to something equivalent to: DoubleVec ans(a.size()); for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) ans[i] = a[i] + b[i] + c[i] + d[i]; You can assume all DoubleVec's have the same # of elements. The high level idea is to have do some type of templateied magic on "+", which "delays the computation" until the =, at which point it looks into itself, goes hmm ... I'm just adding thes numbers, and syntheizes a[i] + b[i] + c[i] + d[i] ... instead of all the temporaries. Thanks!

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  • Which cms or script for social network wiki?

    - by Jason
    Hi, I am building a social network. I need a cms that will allow users to contribute content. Each content item will need to have a google map, list of features, ratings, comments, etc. And the content must be editable by other users with revision control. Also, each user should have a profile with their bookmarked content items, contributed items, comments, etc. It's very important that I can create a template for the wiki/content entries so that each item looks uniform. (and as a kick in the teeth, I would like to be able to search for wiki items using a radial search or map) Joomla was my first choice, as I've used it for many projects, but the wiki functionality is not there. I was also setting up a grou.ps site, but the wiki is so-so - not feature rich and it really doesn't have the option I need. Additionally, I know someone out there will mention Drupal. I may consider it if I can see it put to use without and overabundance of custom programming (I don't mind initial coding, but drupal requires constant coding & recoding - with this site, I dont' have that time commitment) I thought about using mediawiki with buddypress, but i'm not sure if that's the way to go. Thoughts?

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  • no instance of overloaded function getline c++

    - by Dave
    I'm a bit confused as to what i have incorrect with my script that is causing this error. I have a function which calls a fill for game settings but it doesn't like my getline. Also i should mention these are the files i have included for it: #include <fstream> #include <cctype> #include <map> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> using namespace std;' This is what i have: std::map<string, string> loadSettings(std::string file){ ifstream file(file); string line; std::map<string, string> config; while(std::getline(file, line)) { int pos = line.find('='); if(pos != string::npos) { string key = line.substr(0, pos); string value = line.substr(pos + 1); config[trim(key)] = trim(value); } } return (config); } The function is called like this from my main.cpp //load settings for game std::map<string, string> config = loadSettings("settings.txt"); //load theme for game std::map<string, string> theme = loadSettings("theme.txt"); Where did i go wrong ? Please help! The error: settings.h(61): error C2784: 'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::getline(std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &&,std::basic_string<_Elem,_Traits,_Alloc> &)' : could not deduce template argument for 'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits> &&' from 'std::string'

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  • Span with white-space style in IE (7) applied _past_ end of span

    - by WaldenL
    We've got an application where users can enter "notes" into a rich edit control (Telerik's RedEditor, but that doesn't matter here). We had a user enter notes from w/in Safari that had a <span></span> in the middle of the note, and that span had a style on it specifying white-space:pre The HTML of the note was in the form of: <div> This is a note <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre; "> </span> and here's more of the note. </div> Simple enough, the style should apply to the span, and the span had 4 spaces in it. There should have been 4 spaces in the resulting output. Here's the problem. IE seems to apply that white-space: pre; style not only to the span, but to the enclosing div! Therefore, this long line that should have wrapped since it's not in the span, now pushed the document out until the line fits on the page. What am I missing. I know IE has problems, but this doesn't seem right, even for IE. So, the question(s): 1) Am I correct that the white-space attribute should only have applied to the span? 2) Can this be resolved somehow? Remember, I'm not in control of the content being entered. And it's entered from a mac w/Safari and being viewed in IE. Edit: The doctype on the page in question is: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

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  • How to Refresh / Reload a KML layer in OpenLayers. Dynamic KML Layer.

    - by Ozaki
    TLDR See my answer below on how to refresh the layer. So far I have tried action function as follows: function RefreshKMLData(layer) { layer.loaded = false; layer.setVisibility(true); layer.redraw({ force: true }); } set interval of the function: window.setInterval(RefreshKMLData, 5000, KMLLAYER); the layer itself: var KMLLAYER = new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector("MYKMLLAYER", { projection: new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:4326"), strategies: [new OpenLayers.Strategy.Fixed()], protocol: new OpenLayers.Protocol.HTTP({ url: MYKMLURL, format: new OpenLayers.Format.KML({ extractStyles: true, extractAttributes: true }) }) }); the url for KMLLAYER with Math random so it doesnt cache: var MYKMLURL = var currentanchorpositionurl = 'http://' + host + '/data?_salt=' + Math.random(); I would have thought that this would Refresh the layer. As by setting its loaded to false unloads it. Visibility to true reloads it and with the Math random shouldn't allow it to cache? So has anyone done this before or know how I can get this to work? TLDR See my answer below on how to refresh the layer.

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  • How to write an R function that evaluates an expression within a data-frame

    - by Prasad Chalasani
    Puzzle for the R cognoscenti: Say we have a data-frame: df <- data.frame( a = 1:5, b = 1:5 ) I know we can do things like with(df, a) to get a vector of results. But how do I write a function that takes an expression (such as a or a > 3) and does the same thing inside. I.e. I want to write a function fn that takes a data-frame and an expression as arguments and returns the result of evaluating the expression "within" the data-frame as an environment. Never mind that this sounds contrived (I could just use with as above), but this is just a simplified version of a more complex function I am writing. I tried several variants ( using eval, with, envir, substitute, local, etc) but none of them work. For example if I define fn like so: fn <- function(dat, expr) { eval(expr, envir = dat) } I get this error: > fn( df, a ) Error in eval(expr, envir = dat) : object 'a' not found Clearly I am missing something subtle about environments and evaluation. Is there a way to define such a function?

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  • How does does ifstream eof() work?

    - by Chan
    Hello everyone, #include <vector> #include <list> #include <map> #include <set> #include <deque> #include <stack> #include <bitset> #include <algorithm> #include <functional> #include <numeric> #include <utility> #include <sstream> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <cstdio> #include <cmath> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> #include <cctype> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int main() { fstream inf( "ex.txt", ios::in ); while( !inf.eof() ) { std::cout << inf.get() << "\n"; } inf.close(); inf.clear(); inf.open( "ex.txt", ios::in ); char c; while( inf >> c ) { std::cout << c << "\n"; } return 0; } I'm really confused about eof() function. Suppose my ex.txt's content is: abc It always reads an extra character and show -1. when reading using eof()? But the inf c gave the correct output which was 'abc'? Can anyone help me explain this? Best regards, Chan Nguyen

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  • Solving quadratic programming using R

    - by user702846
    I would like to solve the following quadratic programming equation using ipop function from kernlab : min 0.5*x'*H*x + f'*x subject to: A*x <= b Aeq*x = beq LB <= x <= UB where in our example H 3x3 matrix, f is 3x1, A is 2x3, b is 2x1, LB and UB are both 3x1. edit 1 My R code is : library(kernlab) H <- rbind(c(1,0,0),c(0,1,0),c(0,0,1)) f = rbind(0,0,0) A = rbind(c(1,1,1), c(-1,-1,-1)) b = rbind(4.26, -1.73) LB = rbind(0,0,0) UB = rbind(100,100,100) > ipop(f,H,A,b,LB,UB,0) Error in crossprod(r, q) : non-conformable arguments I know from matlab that is something like this : H = eye(3); f = [0,0,0]; nsamples=3; eps = (sqrt(nsamples)-1)/sqrt(nsamples); A=ones(1,nsamples); A(2,:)=-ones(1,nsamples); b=[nsamples*(eps+1); nsamples*(eps-1)]; Aeq = []; beq = []; LB = zeros(nsamples,1); UB = ones(nsamples,1).*1000; [beta,FVAL,EXITFLAG] = quadprog(H,f,A,b,Aeq,beq,LB,UB); and the answer is a vector of 3x1 equals to [0.57,0.57,0.57]; However when I try it on R, using ipop function from kernlab library ipop(f,H,A,b,LB,UB,0)) and I am facing Error in crossprod(r, q) : non-conformable arguments I appreciate any comment

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  • Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

    - by user89818
    I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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  • Counting in R data.table

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    I have the following data.table set.seed(1) DT <- data.table(VAL = sample(c(1, 2, 3), 10, replace = TRUE)) VAL 1: 1 2: 2 3: 2 4: 3 5: 1 6: 3 7: 3 8: 2 9: 2 10: 1 Now I want to to perform two tasks: Count the occurrences of numbers in VAL. Count within all rows with the same value VAL (first, second, third occurrence) At the end I want the result VAL COUNT IDX 1: 1 3 1 2: 2 4 1 3: 2 4 2 4: 3 3 1 5: 1 3 2 6: 3 3 2 7: 3 3 3 8: 2 4 3 9: 2 4 4 10: 1 3 3 where COUNT defines task 1. and IDX task 2. I tried to work with which and length using .I: dt[, list(COUNT = length(VAL == VAL[.I]), IDX = which(which(VAL == VAL[.I]) == .I))] but this does not work as .I refers to a vector with the index, so I guess one must use .I[]. Though inside .I[] I again face the problem, that I do not have the row index and I do know (from reading data.table FAQ and following the posts here) that looping through rows should be avoided if possible. So, what's the data.table way?

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  • J2EE and alternatives

    - by Ilya K
    Hello, I am J2SE developer but I have rich web-background (php, perl/cgi and so on) and now I am starting new project. It will have web interface, spaghetti business logic, relational database as storage and connections to other services. I do it from the scratch. My colleagues told me to use spring, spring security and struts. I look briefly at J2EE spec and found that it covers almost all aspects of enterprise application. I asked my colleagues why do they need spring and struts, but looks like they use technologies simply because they are familiar with them and not familiar with classic J2EE stack. So, my question is: what is bad about J2EE? Why do I need spring if there are JNDI lookups? It will take a day or two to create fake InitialContext for unit-tests. And that is all: I stand with out of external tools like spring. Why do I need spring-security if there is a security built in Servlets spec? I can map any request to any servlet using web.xml, no struts.xml is needed. I can use servlet-filters instead of struts interceptors. There is RMI, so I do not need spring-remote. And so on.. Why should I bother my self with all that fancy stuff if there is J2EE? I really want to find situation when J2EE is not enough. Do you have any? Thanks!

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  • NHibernate / multiple sessions and nested objects

    - by bernhardrusch
    We are using NHibernate in a rich client application. It is a pretty open application (the user searches for a dataset or creates a new one, changes the data and saves the data set. We leave the session open, because sometimes we have to lazy load some properties of the object (nested object structure). This means one big problem if we leave the session open, the db (MySQL) closes the connection and we are not able to find this out and it throws an exception (socket communication error) when accessing the database (we are thinking about testing the db connection before accessing the object - but this is not really optimal neither, the other option would be to set back the timeout of the db connection , but this just doesn't seem to well). So - is it possible to reconnect the session to a new database connection ? Another problem is it possible to get an object from one session and then re-attach it to another session ? (I often hear that session.lock should work for this - but this doesn't work so well in our application - so I ended up getting a "fresh" object from the session and copy the data over manually - which is a little bit cumbersome) Any ideas for this ?

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  • C++: inheritance problem

    - by Helltone
    It's quite hard to explain what I'm trying to do, I'll try: Imagine a base class A which contains some variables, and a set of classes deriving from A which all implement some method bool test() that operates on the variables inherited from A. class A { protected: int somevar; // ... }; class B : public A { public: bool test() { return (somevar == 42); } }; class C : public A { public: bool test() { return (somevar > 23); } }; // ... more classes deriving from A Now I have an instance of class A and I have set the value of somevar. int main(int, char* []) { A a; a.somevar = 42; Now, I need some kind of container that allows me to iterate over the elements i of this container, calling i::test() in the context of a... that is: std::vector<...> vec; // push B and C into vec, this is pseudo-code vec.push_back(&B); vec.push_back(&C); bool ret = true; for(i = vec.begin(); i != vec.end(); ++i) { // call B::test(), C::test(), setting *this to a ret &= ( a .* (&(*i)::test) )(); } return ret; } How can I do this? I've tried two methods: forcing a cast from B::* to A::*, adapting a pointer to call a method of a type on an object of a different type (works, but seems to be bad); using std::bind + the solution above, ugly hack; changing the signature of bool test() so that it takes an argument of type const A& instead of inheriting from A, I don't really like this solution because somevar must be public.

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  • Get type of the parameter from list of objects, templates, C++

    - by CrocodileDundee
    This question follows to my previous question Get type of the parameter, templates, C++ There is the following data structure: Object1.h template <class T> class Object1 { private: T a1; T a2; public: T getA1() {return a1;} typedef T type; }; Object2.h template <class T> class Object2: public Object1 <T> { private: T b1; T b2; public: T getB1() {return b1;} } List.h template <typename Item> struct TList { typedef std::vector <Item> Type; }; template <typename Item> class List { private: typename TList <Item>::Type items; }; Is there any way how to get type T of an object from the list of objects (i.e. Object is not a direct parameter of the function but a template parameter)? template <class Object> void process (List <Object> *objects) { typename Object::type a1 = objects[0].getA1(); // g++ error: 'Object1<double>*' is not a class, struct, or union type } But his construction works (i.e. Object represents a parameter of the function) template <class Object> void process (Object *o1) { typename Object::type a1 = o1.getA1(); // OK }

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