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  • ps forrest for session id

    - by azatoth
    Often I want to get a nice readout what process are running and their relationship; I usually by habit runs ps auxfww and eventual grep for the process in question. Having been thinking about the problem I tried to create an oneliner to get the process tree in ps ufww format for all processes which has the session id specified by arbitrary process name(s); ending up in following code: ps ufww --sid=$(ps -C apache2 -o sess --no-headers | sort | uniq | grep -v -E '^ +0$' | awk 'NR==1{x=$0;next}NF{x=x","$0};END{gsub(/[[:space:]]*/,"",x);print x}') giving for example following output: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 4157 0.0 0.1 41264 3120 ? Ss Jun11 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 4329 0.0 0.0 41264 1976 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 4330 0.0 0.0 41264 2028 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 4331 0.0 0.0 41264 2028 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 4332 0.0 0.0 41264 2028 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 4333 0.0 0.0 41264 2032 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 6648 0.0 0.0 41264 1884 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 6654 0.0 0.0 41264 1884 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 6655 0.0 0.0 41264 1884 ? S Jun11 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start I do wonder now if anyone has an better idea to solve this issue? Are there anything out there that is easier to "oneline" and gives above or better information? For example I would actually want to have included all childs relative any parent. (uncertain if this should be on SF instead, but felt it was more like an programming question)

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  • Linux PDF/Postscript Optimizing

    - by Sheldon Ross
    So I have a report system built using Java and iText. PDF templates are created using Scribus. The Java code merges the data into the document using iText. The files are then copied over to a NFS share, and a BASH script prints them. I use acroread to convert them to PS, then lpr the PS. The FOSS application pdftops is horribly inefficient. My main problem is that the PDF's generated using iText/Scribus are very large. And I've recently run into the problem where acroread pukes because it hits 4gb of mem usage on large (300+ pages) documents. (Adobe is painfully slow at updating stuff to 64 bit). Now I can use Adobe reader on Windows, and use the Create Print PDF option or whatever its called, and it greatly( 10x) reduces the size of the PDF(it removes alot of metadata about form fields and such it appears) and produces a PDF that is basically a Print image. My question is does anyone know of a good solution/program for doing something similiar on Linux. Ideally, it would optimize the PDF, reduce size, and reduce PS complexity so the printer could print faster as it takes about 15-20 seconds a page to print right now.

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  • iPhone - Failed to save the videos metadata to the filesystem.

    - by cameron
    My application uses the UIImagePicker to allow the user to use the camera and capture a photo to edit/etc. I am getting the error message below: 2010-02-03 10:41:24.018 LivingRoom[5333:5303] Failed to save the videos metadata to the filesystem. Maybe the information did not conform to a plist. Program received signal: “EXC_BAD_ACCESS”. A search in Google brings up a number of threads in various forums, with no ultimate response/root cause/suggestions on how to fix/debug. An example is the thread below with code which is very similar to my app: http://groups.google.com/group/iphonesdkdevelopment/browse_thread/thread/6b7b396c62bef398 The error disappears for a while (10 tests in a row, no errors) if I reboot the iPhone. I have not been able to determine what makes it reoccur after a reboot, but it does. I am not using the video source and the fact that a reboot solves the problem for a while points to some sort of mem leak (perhaps?). The problem always shows up on both the iPhone (even after the reboot) and the simulator when choosing a photo from the album, but the app does not crash on the iPhone or the simulator. The same app with exact code did not have the error message when compiled using SDK 3.0 (last August/September). But 3.1.x has always produced the error message, which means that once a week or so the iPhone needs to be rebooted for the error to disappear. The users are not happy with that solution any longer!! Any suggestion/clues would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Lua Alien Module - Trouble using WriteProcessMemory function, unsure on types (unit32)

    - by jefferysanders
    require "alien" --the address im trying to edit in the Mahjong game on Win7 local SCOREREF = 0x0744D554 --this should give me full access to the process local ACCESS = 0x001F0FFF --this is my process ID for my open window of Mahjong local PID = 1136 --function to open proc local op = alien.Kernel32.OpenProcess op:types{ ret = "pointer", abi = "stdcall"; "int", "int", "int"} --function to write to proc mem local wm = alien.Kernel32.WriteProcessMemory wm:types{ ret = "long", abi = "stdcall"; "pointer", "pointer", "pointer", "long", "pointer" } local pRef = op(ACCESS, true, PID) local buf = alien.buffer("99") -- ptr,uint32,byte arr (no idea what to make this),int, ptr print( wm( pRef, SCOREREF, buf, 4, nil)) --prints 1 if success, 0 if failed So that is my code. I am not even sure if I have the types set correctly. I am completely lost and need some guidance. I really wish there was more online help/documentation for alien, it confuses my poor brain. What utterly baffles me is that it WriteProcessMemory will sometimes complete successfully (though it does nothing at all, to my knowledge) and will also sometimes fail to complete successfully. As I've stated, my brain hurts. Any help appreciated.

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  • Why can I run JUnit tests for my Spring project, but not a main method?

    - by FarmBoy
    I am using JDBC to connect to MySQL for a small application. In order to test without altering the real database, I'm using HSQL in memory for JUnit tests. I'm using Spring for DI and DAOs. Here is how I'm configuring my HSQL DataSource <bean id="mockDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.SingleConnectionDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:mockSeo"/> <property name="username" value="sa"/> </bean> This works fine for my JUnit tests which use the mock DB. But when I try to run a main method, I find the following error: Error creating bean with name 'mockDataSource' defined in class path resource [beans.xml]: Error setting property values; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.PropertyBatchUpdateException; nested PropertyAccessExceptions (1) are: PropertyAccessException 1: org.springframework.beans.MethodInvocationException: Property 'driverClassName' threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not load JDBC driver class [org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver] I'm running from Eclipse, and I'm using the Maven plugin. Is there a reason why this would work as a Test, but not as a main()? I know that the main method itself is not the problem, because it works if I remove all references to the HSQL DataSource from my Spring Configuration file.

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  • starting and stopping hsqldb from unit tests

    - by Casey
    I'm trying to create integration tests using hsqldb in an in memory mode. At the moment, I have to start the hsqldb server from the command line before running the unit tests. I would like to be able to be able to control the hsqldb server from my integration tests. I can't seem to get this to all work out though from code. Thanks, Casey Update: This appears to work along with having a hibernate.cfg.xml file in the classpath: org.hsqldb.Server.main(new String[]{}); and in my hibernate.cfg.xml file: <property name="connection.driver_class">org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:hsqldb:mem:ww</property> <property name="connection.username">sa</property> <property name="connection.password"></property> <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect</property> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

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  • Member initialization while using delegated constructor

    - by Anton
    I've started trying out the C++11 standard and i found this question which describes how to call your ctor from another ctor in the same class to avoid having a init method or the like. Now i'm trying the same thing with code that looks like this: hpp: class Tokenizer { public: Tokenizer(); Tokenizer(std::stringstream *lines); virtual ~Tokenizer() {}; private: std::stringstream *lines; }; cpp: Tokenizer::Tokenizer() : expected('=') { } Tokenizer::Tokenizer(std::stringstream *lines) : Tokenizer(), lines(lines) { } But this is giving me the error: In constructor ‘config::Tokenizer::Tokenizer(std::stringstream*)’: /path/Tokenizer.cpp:14:20: error: mem-initializer for ‘config::Tokenizer::lines’ follows constructor delegation I've tried moving the Tokenizer() part first and last in the list but that didn't help. What's the reason behind this and how should i fix it? I've tried moving the lines(lines) to the body with this->lines = lines; instead and it works fine. But i would really like to be able to use the initializer list. Thanks in advance!

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  • Locating memory leak in Apache httpd process, PHP/Doctrine-based application

    - by Sam
    I have a PHP application using these components: Apache 2.2.3-31 on Centos 5.4 PHP 5.2.10 Xdebug 2.0.5 with Remote Debugging enabled APC 3.0.19 Doctrine ORM for PHP 1.2.1 using Query Caching and Results Caching via APC MySQL 5.0.77 using Query Caching I've noticed that when I start up Apache, I eventually end up 10 child processes. As time goes on, each process will grow in memory until each one approaches 10% of available memory, which begins to slow the server to a crawl since together they grow to take up 100% of memory. Here is a snapshot of my top output: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1471 apache 16 0 626m 201m 18m S 0.0 10.2 1:11.02 httpd 1470 apache 16 0 622m 198m 18m S 0.0 10.1 1:14.49 httpd 1469 apache 16 0 619m 197m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:11.98 httpd 1462 apache 18 0 622m 197m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:11.27 httpd 1460 apache 15 0 622m 195m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:12.73 httpd 1459 apache 16 0 618m 191m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:13.00 httpd 1461 apache 18 0 616m 190m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:14.09 httpd 1468 apache 18 0 613m 190m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:12.67 httpd 7919 apache 18 0 116m 75m 15m S 0.0 3.8 0:19.86 httpd 9486 apache 16 0 97.7m 56m 14m S 0.0 2.9 0:13.51 httpd I have no long-running scripts (they all terminate eventually, the longest being maybe 2 minutes long), and I am working under the assumption that once each script terminates, the memory it uses gets deallocated. (Maybe someone can correct me on that). My hunch is that it could be APC, since it stores data between requests, but at the same time, it seems weird that it would store data inside the httpd process. How can I track down which part of my app is causing the memory leak? What tools can I use to see how the memory usage is growing inside the httpd process and what is contributing to it?

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  • Locating memory leak in Apache httpd process, PHP/Doctrine-based application

    - by Sam
    I have a PHP application using these components: Apache 2.2.3-31 on Centos 5.4 PHP 5.2.10 Xdebug 2.0.5 with Remote Debugging enabled APC 3.0.19 Doctrine ORM for PHP 1.2.1 using Query Caching and Results Caching via APC MySQL 5.0.77 using Query Caching I've noticed that when I start up Apache, I eventually end up 10 child processes. As time goes on, each process will grow in memory until each one approaches 10% of available memory, which begins to slow the server to a crawl since together they grow to take up 100% of memory. Here is a snapshot of my top output: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1471 apache 16 0 626m 201m 18m S 0.0 10.2 1:11.02 httpd 1470 apache 16 0 622m 198m 18m S 0.0 10.1 1:14.49 httpd 1469 apache 16 0 619m 197m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:11.98 httpd 1462 apache 18 0 622m 197m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:11.27 httpd 1460 apache 15 0 622m 195m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:12.73 httpd 1459 apache 16 0 618m 191m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:13.00 httpd 1461 apache 18 0 616m 190m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:14.09 httpd 1468 apache 18 0 613m 190m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:12.67 httpd 7919 apache 18 0 116m 75m 15m S 0.0 3.8 0:19.86 httpd 9486 apache 16 0 97.7m 56m 14m S 0.0 2.9 0:13.51 httpd I have no long-running scripts (they all terminate eventually, the longest being maybe 2 minutes long), and I am working under the assumption that once each script terminates, the memory it uses gets deallocated. (Maybe someone can correct me on that). My hunch is that it could be APC, since it stores data between requests, but at the same time, it seems weird that it would store data inside the httpd process. How can I track down which part of my app is causing the memory leak? What tools can I use to see how the memory usage is growing inside the httpd process and what is contributing to it?

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  • Possible to Inspect Innards of Core C# Functionality

    - by Nick Babcock
    I was struck today, with the inclination to compare the innards of Buffer.BlockCopy and Array.CopyTo. I am curious to see if Array.CopyTo called Buffer.BlockCopy behind the scenes. There is no practical purpose behind this, I just want to further my understanding of the C# language and how it is implemented. Don't jump the gun and accuse me of micro-optimization, but you can accuse me of being curious! When I ran ILasm on mscorlib.dll I received this for Array.CopyTo .method public hidebysig newslot virtual final instance void CopyTo(class System.Array 'array', int32 index) cil managed { // Code size 0 (0x0) } // end of method Array::CopyTo and this for Buffer.BlockCopy .method public hidebysig static void BlockCopy(class System.Array src, int32 srcOffset, class System.Array dst, int32 dstOffset, int32 count) cil managed internalcall { .custom instance void System.Security.SecuritySafeCriticalAttribute::.ctor() = ( 01 00 00 00 ) } // end of method Buffer::BlockCopy Which, frankly, baffles me. I've never run ILasm on a dll/exe I didn't create. Does this mean that I won't be able to see how these functions are implemented? Searching around only revealed a stackoverflow question, which Marc Gravell said [Buffer.BlockCopy] is basically a wrapper over a raw mem-copy While insightful, it doesn't answer my question if Array.CopyTo calls Buffer.BlockCopy. I'm specifically interested in if I'm able to see how these two functions are implemented, and if I had future questions about the internals of C#, if it is possible for me to investigate it. Or am I out of luck?

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  • C++ : Avoid lot of boolean variable for multiple verification conditions in trading app

    - by Naveen
    Hi i am a junior dev in trading app... we have a order refresh verification unit. It has to verify order confirmation from exchange. We send a bunch of different request in bulk ( NEW, MODIFY, CANCEL ) to exchange... Verification has to happen for max N times with each T intervals for all orders. if verification successful for all the order before N retry then fine.. otherwise we need to indicate as verification unsuccessfull. i hv done a basic coding done in very urgent like below for( N times ) { for_each ( sent_request_order ) // SENT { 1) get all the refreshed order from DB or shared mem i.e REFRESHED 2) find current sent order in REFRESHED if( not_found ) not refreshed from exchange, continue to next order if( found ) case NEW : //check for new status, mark verification done case MODIFY : //check for modified status.. //if not mark pending, go to next order, //revisit the same after T time case CANCEL : //check for cancelled status.. //if not mark pending, go to next order, //revisit the same after T time } if( all_verified ) exit from verification. wait ( T sec ) } order_verification_pending, order_verification_done, order_visited, order_not_visited, all_verified, all_not_verified ... lot of boolean flags used for indication.. is there any better approach for doing this.... splitting responsibilities across the classes......???? i know this is not a general question.... but still flags are making me tidious to handle...

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  • Computing "average" of two colors

    - by Francisco P.
    This is only marginally programming related - has much more to do w/ colors and their representation. I am working on a very low level app. I have an array of bytes in memory. Those are characters. They were rendered with anti-aliasing: they have values from 0 to 255, 0 being fully transparent and 255 totally opaque (alpha, if you wish). I am having trouble conceiving an algorithm for the rendering of this font. I'm doing the following for each pixel: // intensity is the weight I talked about: 0 to 255 intensity = glyphs[text[i]][x + GLYPH_WIDTH*y]; if (intensity == 255) continue; // Don't draw it, fully transparent else if (intensity == 0) setPixel(x + xi, y + yi, color, base); // Fully opaque, can draw original color else { // Here's the tricky part // Get the pixel in the destination for averaging purposes pixel = getPixel(x + xi, y + yi, base); // transfer is an int for calculations transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.red + (float) pixel.red)/2); // This is my attempt at averaging newPixel.red = (Byte) transfer; transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.green + (float) pixel.green)/2); newPixel.green = (Byte) transfer; // transfer = (int) ((float) ((float) 255.0 - (float) intensity)/255.0 * (((float) color.blue) + (float) pixel.blue)/2); transfer = (int) ((float)((float) (255.0 - (float) intensity/255.0) * (float) color.blue + (float) pixel.blue)/2); newPixel.blue = (Byte) transfer; // Set the newpixel in the desired mem. position setPixel(x+xi, y+yi, newPixel, base); } The results, as you can see, are less than desirable. That is a very zoomed in image, at 1:1 scale it looks like the text has a green "aura". Any idea for how to properly compute this would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time!

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  • Cryptography: best practices for keys in memory?

    - by Johan
    Background: I got some data encrypted with AES (ie symmetric crypto) in a database. A server side application, running on a (assumed) secure and isolated Linux box, uses this data. It reads the encrypted data from the DB, and writes back encrypted data, only dealing with the unencrypted data in memory. So, in order to do this, the app is required to have the key stored in memory. The question is, is there any good best practices for this? Securing the key in memory. A few ideas: Keeping it in unswappable memory (for linux: setting SHM_LOCK with shmctl(2)?) Splitting the key over multiple memory locations. Encrypting the key. With what, and how to keep the...key key.. secure? Loading the key from file each time its required (slow and if the evildoer can read our memory, he can probably read our files too) Some scenarios on why the key might leak: evildoer getting hold of mem dump/core dump; bad bounds checking in code leading to information leakage; The first one seems like a good and pretty simple thing to do, but how about the rest? Other ideas? Any standard specifications/best practices? Thanks for any input!

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  • output not updating until next clock cycle

    - by EquinoX
    I have the code module below always @(posedge Clk) begin ForwardA = 0; ForwardB = 0; //EX Hazard if (EXMEMRegWrite == 1) begin if (EXMEMrd != 0) if (EXMEMrd == IDEXrs) ForwardA = 2'b10; if (EXMEMrd == IDEXrt && IDEXTest == 0) ForwardB = 2'b10; end //MEM Hazard if (MEMWBRegWrite == 1) begin if (MEMWBrd != 0) begin if (!(EXMEMRegWrite == 1 && EXMEMrd != 0 && (EXMEMrd == IDEXrs))) if (MEMWBrd == IDEXrs) ForwardA = 2'b01; if (IDEXTest == 0) begin if (!(EXMEMRegWrite == 1 && EXMEMrd != 0 && (EXMEMrd == IDEXrt))) if (MEMWBrd == IDEXrt) ForwardB = 2'b01; end end end end The problem is that the output, which is ForwardA and ForwardB is not updated not on the rising clock edge rather than on the next rising clock edge... why is this?? How do I resolve so that the output is updated on the same positive rising clock edge? Here's what I mean: ForwardA is updated with 2 on the next rising clock edge and not on the same rising clock edge

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  • Any merit to a lazy-ish juxt function?

    - by NielsK
    In answering a question about a function that maps over multiple functions with the same arguments (A: juxt), I came up with a function that basically took the same form as juxt, but used map: (defn could-be-lazy-juxt [& funs] (fn [& args] (map #(apply %1 %2) funs (repeat args)))) => ((juxt inc dec str) 1) [2 0 "1"] => ((could-be-lazy-juxt inc dec str) 1) (2 0 "1") => ((juxt * / -) 6 2) [12 3 4] => ((could-be-lazy-juxt * / -) 6 2) (12 3 4) As posted in the original question, I have little clue about the laziness or performance of it, but timing in the REPL does suggest something lazy-ish is going on. => (time (apply (juxt + -) (range 1 100))) "Elapsed time: 0.097198 msecs" [4950 -4948] => (time (apply (could-be-lazy-juxt + -) (range 1 100))) "Elapsed time: 0.074558 msecs" (4950 -4948) => (time (apply (juxt + -) (range 10000000))) "Elapsed time: 1019.317913 msecs" [49999995000000 -49999995000000] => (time (apply (could-be-lazy-juxt + -) (range 10000000))) "Elapsed time: 0.070332 msecs" (49999995000000 -49999995000000) I'm sure this function is not really that quick (the print of the outcome 'feels' about as long in both). Doing a 'take x' on the function only limits the amount of functions evaluated, which probably is limited in it's applicability, and limiting the other parameters by 'take' should be just as lazy in normal juxt. Is this juxt really lazy ? Would a lazy juxt bring anything useful to the table, for instance as a compositing step between other lazy functions ? What are the performance (mem / cpu / object count / compilation) implications ? Is that why the Clojure juxt implementation is done with a reduce and returns a vector ? Edit: Somehow things can always be done simpler in Clojure. (defn could-be-lazy-juxt [& funs] (fn [& args] (map #(apply % args) funs)))

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  • Design: How to declare a specialized memory handler class

    - by Michael Dorgan
    On an embedded type system, I have created a Small Object Allocator that piggy backs on top of a standard memory allocation system. This allocator is a Boost::simple_segregated_storage< class and it does exactly what I need - O(1) alloc/dealloc time on small objects at the cost of a touch of internal fragmentation. My question is how best to declare it. Right now, it's scope static declared in our mem code module, which is probably fine, but it feels a bit exposed there and is also now linked to that module forever. Normally, I declare it as a monostate or a singleton, but this uses the dynamic memory allocator (where this is located.) Furthermore, our dynamic memory allocator is being initialized and used before static object initialization occurs on our system (as again, the memory manager is pretty much the most fundamental component of an engine.) To get around this catch 22, I added an extra 'if the small memory allocator exists' to see if the small object allocator exists yet. That if that now must be run on every small object allocation. In the scheme of things, this is nearly negligable, but it still bothers me. So the question is, is there a better way to declare this portion of the memory manager that helps decouple it from the memory module and perhaps not costing that extra isinitialized() if statement? If this method uses dynamic memory, please explain how to get around lack of initialization of the small object portion of the manager.

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  • Any useful suggestions to figure out where memory is being free'd in a Win32 process?

    - by LeopardSkinPillBoxHat
    An application I am working with is exhibiting the following behaviour: During a particular high-memory operation, the memory usage of the process under Task Manager (Mem Usage stat) reaches a peak of approximately 2.5GB (Note: A registry key has been set to allow this, as usually there is a maximum of 2GB for a process under 32-bit Windows) After the operation is complete, the process size slowly starts decreasing at a rate of 1MB per second. I am trying to figure out the easiest way to quickly determine who is freeing this memory, and where it is being free'd. I am having trouble attaching a memory profiler to my code, and I don't particularly want to override the new/delete operators to track the allocations/deallocations (IOW, I want to do this without re-compiling my code). Can anyone offer any useful suggestions of how I could do this via the Visual Studio debugger? Update I should also mention that it's a multi-threaded application, so pausing the application and analysing the call stack through the debugger is not the most desirable option. I considered freezing different threads one at a time to see if the memory stops reducing, but I'm fairly certain this will cause the application to crash.

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  • Char C question about encoding signed/unsigned.

    - by drigoSkalWalker
    Hi guys. I read that C not define if a char is signed or unsigned, and in GCC page this says that it can be signed on x86 and unsigned in PowerPPC and ARM. Okey, I'm writing a program with GLIB that define char as gchar (not more than it, only a way for standardization). My question is, what about UTF-8? It use more than an block of memory? Say that I have a variable unsigned char *string = "My string with UTF8 enconding ~ çã"; See, if I declare my variable as unsigned I will have only 127 values (so my program will to store more blocks of mem) or the UTF-8 change to negative too? Sorry if I can't explain it correctly, but I think that i is a bit complex. NOTE: Thanks for all answer I don't understand how it is interpreted normally. I think that like ascii, if I have a signed and unsigned char on my program, the strings have diferently values, and it leads to confuse, imagine it in utf8 so.

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  • Type errors when using same name

    - by lykimq
    I have 3 files: 1) cpf0.ml type string = char list type url = string type var = string type name = string type symbol = | Symbol_name of name 2) problem.ml: type symbol = | Ident of string 3) test.ml open Problem;; open Cpf0;; let symbol b = function | Symbol_name n -> Ident n When I combine test.ml: ocamlc -c test.ml. I received an error: This expression has type Cpf0.name = char list but an expression was expected of type string Could you please help me to correct it? Thank you very much EDIT: Thank you for your answer. I want to explain more about these 3 files: Because I am working with extraction in Coq to Ocaml type: cpf0.ml is generated from cpf.v : Require Import String. Definition string := string. Definition name := string. Inductive symbol := | Symbol_name : name -> symbol. The code extraction.v: Set Extraction Optimize. Extraction Language Ocaml. Require ExtrOcamlBasic ExtrOcamlString. Extraction Blacklist cpf list. where ExtrOcamlString I opened: open Cpf0;; in problem.ml, and I got a new problem because in problem.ml they have another definition for type string This expression has type Cpf0.string = char list but an expression was expected of type Util.StrSet.elt = string Here is a definition in util.ml defined type string: module Str = struct type t = string end;; module StrOrd = Ord.Make (Str);; module StrSet = Set.Make (StrOrd);; module StrMap = Map.Make (StrOrd);; let set_add_chk x s = if StrSet.mem x s then failwith (x ^ " already declared") else StrSet.add x s;; I was trying to change t = string to t = char list, but if I do that I have to change a lot of function it depend on (for example: set_add_chk above). Could you please give me a good idea? how I would do in this case.

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  • Localisable Resources: how can (should one?!) wrap a UI layer source as a BL layer service?

    - by Ciel
    A service that returns localised strings could be wrapped in a service, so that it could be used both locally (eg in an MVC app) and remotely (eg possibly Silverlight). But...if sticking with the standard practice of creating resources in the UI assembly, that would in effect make a lower layer (BL/Services) have to have a ref on a higher layer (UI)...a definite no-no. And whereas a lot of AppWide resources (eg: AppName, OK, Cancel, etc.) could be defined in a Common cross-cutting assembly, and the BL/ResourceSerouce could ref and wrap those, that doesn't work in a a Modular App, where the Core app should have no binding to/knowledge of any Module. One solution could be to have each module, once mounted in mem, 'register' their Resource files with the service, who would then return it to the service (rather a long round trip, but at least consistent as a service, and potentially resources/images could be shared with other resources). Secondly, that may work in a web app...but not sure how that pattern could be extended to a Silverlight modular app (the round tripping becomes prohibitive). ie...what are best practices for allowing Resources to be to be defined by the UI designer, in a higher level, but served from the lower BL layer, as a Service? Or is there a better way of understanding/solving the problem?

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  • Android - Memory leak when dynamically building UI with image resource backgrounds

    - by Rich
    I have an Activity that I swear is leaking memory. The app I'm working on does a lot with images, so I've had to be pretty stingy with memory when working directly with Bitmaps. I added an Activity, and now if you use this new Activity it basically puts me over the edge with mem usage and I end up throwing the "Bitmap exceeds VM budget" exception. If you never launch this Activity, everything is smooth as it was previously. I started reading about memory leaks, and I think that I have a similar situation to what is described in the article in the Android docs. I'm dynamically creating a bunch of image views and adding a BackgroundDrawable from the resources and adding an OnClickListener as well. I imagine I have to do some cleanup when the Activity hits onPause in its life cycle, but I'd like to know specifically what is the correct way. Here is the code that should demonstrate the objects I'm working with... LinearLayout templateContainer; . . . ImageView imgTemplatePreview = (ImageView) item.findViewById(R.id.imgTemplatePreview); . . . imgTemplatePreview.setBackgroundDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(previewId)); imgTemplatePreview.setOnClickListener(imgClick); templateContainer.addView(item);

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  • ASP.NET or PHP: Is Memcached useful for storing user-state information?

    - by hamlin11
    This question may expose my ignorance as a web developer, but that wouldn't exactly be a bad thing for me now would it? I have the need to store user-state information. Examples of information that I need to store per user. (define user: unauthenticated visitor) User arrived to the site from google/bing/yahoo User utilized the search feature (true/false) List of previous visited product pages on current visit It is my understanding that I could store this in the view state, but that causes a problem with page load from the end-users' perspective because a significant amount of non-viewable information is being transferred to and from the end-users even though the server is the only side that needs the info. On a similar note, it is my understanding that the session state can be used to store such information, but does not this also result in the same information being transferred to the user and stored in their cookie? (Not quite as bad as viewstate, but it does not feel ideal). This leaves me with either a server-only-session storage system or a mem-caching solution. Is memcached the only good option here?

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  • Parallel doseq for Clojure

    - by andrew cooke
    I haven't used multithreading in Clojure at all so am unsure where to start. I have a doseq whose body can run in parallel. What I'd like is for there always to be 3 threads running (leaving 1 core free) that evaluate the body in parallel until the range is exhausted. There's no shared state, nothing complicated - the equivalent of Python's multiprocessing would be just fine. So something like: (dopar 3 [i (range 100)] ; repeated 100 times in 3 parallel threads... ...) Where should I start looking? Is there a command for this? A standard package? A good reference? So far I have found pmap, and could use that (how do I restrict to 3 at a time? looks like it uses 32 at a time - no, source says 2 + number of processors), but it seems like this is a basic primitive that should already exist somewhere. clarification: I really would like to control the number of threads. I have processes that are long-running and use a fair amount of memory, so creating a large number and hoping things work out OK isn't a good approach (example which uses a significant chunk available mem). update: Starting to write a macro that does this, and I need a semaphore (or a mutex, or an atom i can wait on). Do semaphores exist in Clojure? Or should I use a ThreadPoolExecutor? It seems odd to have to pull so much in from Java - I thought parallel programming in Clojure was supposed to be easy... Maybe I am thinking about this completely the wrong way? Hmmm. Agents?

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  • Warning ,i can not solving in PHP code

    - by user318068
    hi , in code there Warning Warning: mysql_fetch_array() expects parameter 1 to be resource, string given in C:\xampp\htdocs\Join.php on line 69 but i can not solving where exactly can you help me where the error in this code . <?php 51. include("connect.php"); 53. $email = mysql_query("select MemberEmail from members where MemberID= '$id' "); 54. while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($email)) 55. { 57. $memEmail=$row['MemberEmail']; } 62. $sql = mysql_query("select * from ninvite where recieverMemberEmail ='$memEmail' and viwed= '0' order by RoomID desc"); 64. $num =mysql_num_rows($sql); 67. if ($sql and $num >0 ) { 69. while($row=mysql_fetch_array($sql)) { 71. $sender=$row['SenderMemberID']; 73. $room=$row['RoomID']; 77. $sql2 =mysql_query("select MemberName from members where MemberID ='$sender' "); 78. $sql1 =mysql_query("select RoomName,RoomLogo from rooms where RoomID ='$room' "); 79. while($row=mysql_fetch_array($sql2)) { $mem =$row['MemberName']; } 84. while($rows=mysql_fetch_array($sql1)) { $Ro =$rows['RoomName']; $logo = $rows['RoomLogo']; } 89. ?> Thanks alot

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  • Suitable web framework for the following scenario

    - by Paralife
    I have the following scenario: I have a view in an Oracle server and all Iwant is to show that view in a web browser, along with an input field or two for basic filtering. No users, no authentication, just this view maybe with a column or two linking to a second page for master detail viewing. The children are just string descriptions of the columns of the master that contain IDs. No inserts or updates. The question is which is the JAVA based web framework of choice that can accomplish the above in the minimum amount of code lines code time(subjective but also kind of objective if someone has expirience with more than one or two frameworks) configuration effort deployment effort and requirements. dependencies and mem footprint Also: 6. Oracle APEX is not an option. 3,4 and 5 are maybe the same in the sense that they are everything except the functionality coding. I want something that I can compile, deploy by just FTPing to the database host, run and forget. (e.g. For the deployment aspect, Hudson way comes in mind (java -jar hudson.war and that's all)). Also: 3,4 have priority over 1 and 2. (Explanation with a rant: I dont mind coding a lot as long as it is application code and not "why the fuck do we still use javascript over http for everything" code) Thanks.

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