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• Question about "Link Map" output and "Assume" directive of MASM assembler.

  - by smwikipedia

  I am new to MASM. So the questions may be quite basic. When I am using the MASM assembler, there's an output file called "Link Map". Its content is composed of the starting offset and length of various segments, such as Data segment, Code segment and Stack segment. I am wondering that, where are these information describing? Are they talking about how various segments are located within an EXE file or, how segments are located within memory after the EXE file being loaded into memory by a program loader? BTW: What does the "Assume" directive do? My understanding is that it tell the assembler to emit some information into the exe file header so the program loader could use it to set DS, CS, SS, ES register accordingly. Am I right on this? Thanks in advance.

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• Where to start when programming process synchronization algorithms like clone/fork, semaphores

  - by David

  I am writing a program that simulates process synchronization. I am trying to implement the fork and semaphore techniques in C++, but am having trouble starting off. Do I just create a process and send it to fork from the very beginning? Is the program just going to be one infinite loop that goes back and forth between parent/child processes? And how do you create the idea of 'shared memory' in C++, explicit memory address or just some global variable? I just need to get the overall structure/idea of the flow of the program. Any references would be appreciated.

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• Programmatic resource monitoring per process in Linux

  - by tuxx

  Hi, I want to know if there is an efficient solution to monitor a process resource consumption (cpu, memory, network bandwidth) in Linux. I want to write a daemon in C++ that does this monitoring for some given PIDs. From what I know, the classic solution is to periodically read the information from /proc, but this doesn't seem the most efficient way (it involves many system calls). For example to monitor the memory usage every second for 50 processes, I have to open, read and close 50 files (that means 150 system calls) every second from /proc. Not to mention the parsing involved when reading these files. Another problem is the network bandwidth consumption: this cannot be easily computed for each process I want to monitor. The solution adopted by NetHogs involves a pretty high overhead in my opinion: it captures and analyzes every packet using libpcap, then for each packet the local port is determined and searched in /proc to find the corresponding process. Do you know if there are more efficient alternatives to these methods presented or any libraries that deal with this problems?

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• Some basic COM question...

  - by smwikipedia

  I have just finished my first COM server DLL. And it runs smoothly. So I'd like to show my understanding for now and hear your critics. 1- How COM simply works? COM - "The Call Chain" COM Lib methods - Traditional DLL exports - Classes encapsulated in the COM DLL 2- With C++, the benefits like "interface" in OOP can only be taken advantage of at the source level. With COM, these benefits can be used at a binary level. 3- Some illustration about interface &pInterface ------- pInterface ---------- Interface----------------- methods Ixx ** Ixx * (method table) (void **) A Interface is a data structure in memory. It's nothing but a memory area containg a method table. Is my understanding alright? Thanks for your revision.

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• Server 2003 SP2 BSOD caused by fltmgr.sys

  - by MasterMax1313

  I'm running into a problem where a Server 2003 SP2 box has started crashing roughly once an hour, BSODing out with the message that fltmgr.sys is probably the cause. I ran dumpchk.exe on the memory.dmp file, indicating the same thing. Any thoughts on typical root causes? The following is the error code I'm seeing: Error code 0000007e, parameter1 c0000005, parameter2 f723e087, parameter3 f78cea8c, parameter4 f78ce788. After running dumpchk on the memory.dmp file, I get the following note: Probably caused by : fltmgr.sys ( fltmgr!FltGetIrpName+63f ) The full log is here: Microsoft (R) Windows Debugger Version 6.12.0002.633 X86 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Loading Dump File [c:\windows\memory.dmp] Kernel Complete Dump File: Full address space is available Symbol search path is: *** Invalid *** **************************************************************************** * Symbol loading may be unreliable without a symbol search path. * * Use .symfix to have the debugger choose a symbol path. * * After setting your symbol path, use .reload to refresh symbol locations. * **************************************************************************** Executable search path is: ********************************************************************* * Symbols can not be loaded because symbol path is not initialized. * * * * The Symbol Path can be set by: * * using the _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable. * * using the -y <symbol_path> argument when starting the debugger. * * using .sympath and .sympath+ * ********************************************************************* *** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for ntkrnlpa.exe - Windows Server 2003 Kernel Version 3790 (Service Pack 2) UP Free x86 compatible Product: Server, suite: TerminalServer SingleUserTS Built by: 3790.srv03_sp2_gdr.101019-0340 Machine Name: Kernel base = 0x80800000 PsLoadedModuleList = 0x8089ffa8 Debug session time: Wed Oct 5 08:48:04.803 2011 (UTC - 4:00) System Uptime: 0 days 14:25:12.085 ********************************************************************* * Symbols can not be loaded because symbol path is not initialized. * * * * The Symbol Path can be set by: * * using the _NT_SYMBOL_PATH environment variable. * * using the -y <symbol_path> argument when starting the debugger. * * using .sympath and .sympath+ * ********************************************************************* *** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for ntkrnlpa.exe - Loading Kernel Symbols ............................................................... ................................................. Loading User Symbols Loading unloaded module list ... ******************************************************************************* * * * Bugcheck Analysis * * * ******************************************************************************* Use !analyze -v to get detailed debugging information. BugCheck 7E, {c0000005, f723e087, f78dea8c, f78de788} ***** Kernel symbols are WRONG. Please fix symbols to do analysis. *** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found. Defaulted to export symbols for fltmgr.sys - --omitted-- Probably caused by : fltmgr.sys ( fltmgr!FltGetIrpName+63f ) Followup: MachineOwner --------- ----- 32 bit Kernel Full Dump Analysis DUMP_HEADER32: MajorVersion 0000000f MinorVersion 00000ece KdSecondaryVersion 00000000 DirectoryTableBase 004e7000 PfnDataBase 81600000 PsLoadedModuleList 8089ffa8 PsActiveProcessHead 808a61c8 MachineImageType 0000014c NumberProcessors 00000001 BugCheckCode 0000007e BugCheckParameter1 c0000005 BugCheckParameter2 f723e087 BugCheckParameter3 f78dea8c BugCheckParameter4 f78de788 PaeEnabled 00000001 KdDebuggerDataBlock 8088e3e0 SecondaryDataState 00000000 ProductType 00000003 SuiteMask 00000110 Physical Memory Description: Number of runs: 3 (limited to 3) FileOffset Start Address Length 00001000 0000000000001000 0009e000 0009f000 0000000000100000 bfdf0000 bfe8f000 00000000bff00000 00100000 Last Page: 00000000bff8e000 00000000bffff000 KiProcessorBlock at 8089f300 1 KiProcessorBlock entries: ffdff120 Windows Server 2003 Kernel Version 3790 (Service Pack 2) UP Free x86 compatible Product: Server, suite: TerminalServer SingleUserTS Built by: 3790.srv03_sp2_gdr.101019-0340 Machine Name:*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for srv.sys Kernel base = 0x80800000 PsLoadedModuleList = 0x8089ffa8 Debug session time: Wed Oct 5 08:48:04.803 2011 (UTC - 4:00) System Uptime: 0 days 14:25:12.085 start end module name 80800000 80a50000 nt Tue Oct 19 10:00:49 2010 (4CBDA491) 80a50000 80a6f000 hal Sat Feb 17 00:48:25 2007 (45D69729) b83d4000 b83fe000 Fastfat Sat Feb 17 01:27:55 2007 (45D6A06B) b8476000 b84a1000 RDPWD Sat Feb 17 00:44:38 2007 (45D69646) b8549000 b8554000 TDTCP Sat Feb 17 00:44:32 2007 (45D69640) b8fe1000 b9045000 srv Thu Feb 17 11:58:17 2011 (4D5D53A9) b956d000 b95be000 HTTP Fri Nov 06 07:51:22 2009 (4AF41BCA) b9816000 b982d780 hgfs Tue Aug 12 20:36:54 2008 (48A22CA6) b9b16000 b9b20000 ndisuio Sat Feb 17 00:58:25 2007 (45D69981) b9cf6000 b9d1ac60 iwfsd Wed Sep 29 01:43:59 2004 (415A4B9F) b9e5b000 b9e62000 parvdm Tue Mar 25 03:03:49 2003 (3E7FFF55) b9e63000 b9e67860 lgtosync Fri Sep 12 04:38:13 2003 (3F6185F5) b9ed3000 b9ee8000 Cdfs Sat Feb 17 01:27:08 2007 (45D6A03C) b9f10000 b9f2e000 EraserUtilRebootDrv Thu Jul 07 21:45:11 2011 (4E166127) b9f2e000 b9f8c000 eeCtrl Thu Jul 07 21:45:11 2011 (4E166127) b9f8c000 b9f9d000 Fips Sat Feb 17 01:26:33 2007 (45D6A019) b9f9d000 ba013000 mrxsmb Fri Feb 18 10:22:23 2011 (4D5E8EAF) ba013000 ba043000 rdbss Wed Feb 24 10:54:03 2010 (4B854B9B) ba043000 ba0ad000 SPBBCDrv Mon Dec 14 23:39:00 2009 (4B2712E4) ba0ad000 ba0d7000 afd Thu Feb 10 08:42:18 2011 (4D53EB3A) ba0d7000 ba108000 netbt Sat Feb 17 01:28:57 2007 (45D6A0A9) ba108000 ba19c000 tcpip Sat Aug 15 05:53:38 2009 (4A8685A2) ba19c000 ba1b5000 ipsec Sat Feb 17 01:29:28 2007 (45D6A0C8) ba275000 ba288600 NAVENG Fri Jul 29 08:10:02 2011 (4E32A31A) ba289000 ba2ae000 SYMEVENT Thu Apr 15 21:31:23 2010 (4BC7BDEB) ba2ae000 ba42d300 NAVEX15 Fri Jul 29 08:07:28 2011 (4E32A280) ba42e000 ba479000 SRTSP Fri Mar 04 15:31:08 2011 (4D714C0C) ba485000 ba487b00 dump_vmscsi Wed Apr 11 13:55:32 2007 (461D2114) ba4e1000 ba540000 update Mon May 28 08:15:16 2007 (465AC7D4) ba568000 ba59f000 rdpdr Sat Feb 17 00:51:00 2007 (45D697C4) ba59f000 ba5b1000 raspptp Sat Feb 17 01:29:20 2007 (45D6A0C0) ba5b1000 ba5ca000 ndiswan Sat Feb 17 01:29:22 2007 (45D6A0C2) ba5da000 ba5e4000 dump_diskdump Sat Feb 17 01:07:44 2007 (45D69BB0) ba66a000 ba67e000 rasl2tp Sat Feb 17 01:29:02 2007 (45D6A0AE) ba67e000 ba69a000 VIDEOPRT Sat Feb 17 01:10:30 2007 (45D69C56) ba69a000 ba6c1000 ks Sat Feb 17 01:30:40 2007 (45D6A110) ba6c1000 ba6d5000 redbook Sat Feb 17 01:07:26 2007 (45D69B9E) ba6d5000 ba6ea000 cdrom Sat Feb 17 01:07:48 2007 (45D69BB4) ba6ea000 ba6ff000 serial Sat Feb 17 01:06:46 2007 (45D69B76) ba6ff000 ba717000 parport Sat Feb 17 01:06:42 2007 (45D69B72) ba717000 ba72a000 i8042prt Sat Feb 17 01:30:40 2007 (45D6A110) baff0000 baff3700 CmBatt Sat Feb 17 00:58:51 2007 (45D6999B) bf800000 bf9d3000 win32k Thu Mar 03 08:55:02 2011 (4D6F9DB6) bf9d3000 bf9ea000 dxg Sat Feb 17 01:14:39 2007 (45D69D4F) bf9ea000 bf9fec80 vmx_fb Sat Aug 16 07:23:10 2008 (48A6B89E) bf9ff000 bfa4a000 ATMFD Tue Feb 15 08:19:22 2011 (4D5A7D5A) bff60000 bff7e000 RDPDD Sat Feb 17 09:01:19 2007 (45D70AAF) f7214000 f723a000 KSecDD Mon Jun 15 13:45:11 2009 (4A3688A7) f723a000 f725f000 fltmgr Sat Feb 17 00:51:08 2007 (45D697CC) f725f000 f7272000 CLASSPNP Sat Feb 17 01:28:16 2007 (45D6A080) f7272000 f7283000 symmpi Mon Dec 13 16:03:14 2004 (41BE0392) f7283000 f72a2000 SCSIPORT Sat Feb 17 01:28:41 2007 (45D6A099) f72a2000 f72bf000 atapi Sat Feb 17 01:07:34 2007 (45D69BA6) f72bf000 f72e9000 volsnap Sat Feb 17 01:08:23 2007 (45D69BD7) f72e9000 f7315000 dmio Sat Feb 17 01:10:44 2007 (45D69C64) f7315000 f733c000 ftdisk Sat Feb 17 01:08:05 2007 (45D69BC5) f733c000 f7352000 pci Sat Feb 17 00:59:03 2007 (45D699A7) f7352000 f7386000 ACPI Sat Feb 17 00:58:47 2007 (45D69997) f7487000 f7490000 WMILIB Tue Mar 25 03:13:00 2003 (3E80017C) f7497000 f74a6000 isapnp Sat Feb 17 00:58:57 2007 (45D699A1) f74a7000 f74b4000 PCIIDEX Sat Feb 17 01:07:32 2007 (45D69BA4) f74b7000 f74c7000 MountMgr Sat Feb 17 01:05:35 2007 (45D69B2F) f74c7000 f74d2000 PartMgr Sat Feb 17 01:29:25 2007 (45D6A0C5) f74d7000 f74e7000 disk Sat Feb 17 01:07:51 2007 (45D69BB7) f74e7000 f74f3000 Dfs Sat Feb 17 00:51:17 2007 (45D697D5) f74f7000 f7501000 crcdisk Sat Feb 17 01:09:50 2007 (45D69C2E) f7507000 f7517000 agp440 Sat Feb 17 00:58:53 2007 (45D6999D) f7517000 f7522000 TDI Sat Feb 17 01:01:19 2007 (45D69A2F) f7527000 f7532000 ptilink Sat Feb 17 01:06:38 2007 (45D69B6E) f7537000 f7540000 raspti Sat Feb 17 00:59:23 2007 (45D699BB) f7547000 f7556000 termdd Sat Feb 17 00:44:32 2007 (45D69640) f7557000 f7561000 Dxapi Tue Mar 25 03:06:01 2003 (3E7FFFD9) f7577000 f7580000 mssmbios Sat Feb 17 00:59:12 2007 (45D699B0) f7587000 f7595000 NDProxy Wed Nov 03 09:25:59 2010 (4CD162E7) f75a7000 f75b1000 flpydisk Tue Mar 25 03:04:32 2003 (3E7FFF80) f75b7000 f75c0080 SRTSPX Fri Mar 04 15:31:24 2011 (4D714C1C) f75d7000 f75e3000 vga Sat Feb 17 01:10:30 2007 (45D69C56) f75e7000 f75f2000 Msfs Sat Feb 17 00:50:33 2007 (45D697A9) f75f7000 f7604000 Npfs Sat Feb 17 00:50:36 2007 (45D697AC) f7607000 f7615000 msgpc Sat Feb 17 00:58:37 2007 (45D6998D) f7617000 f7624000 netbios Sat Feb 17 00:58:29 2007 (45D69985) f7627000 f7634000 wanarp Sat Feb 17 00:59:17 2007 (45D699B5) f7637000 f7646000 intelppm Sat Feb 17 00:48:30 2007 (45D6972E) f7647000 f7652000 kbdclass Sat Feb 17 01:05:39 2007 (45D69B33) f7657000 f7661000 mouclass Tue Mar 25 03:03:09 2003 (3E7FFF2D) f7667000 f7671000 serenum Sat Feb 17 01:06:44 2007 (45D69B74) f7677000 f7682000 fdc Sat Feb 17 01:07:16 2007 (45D69B94) f7687000 f7694b00 vmx_svga Sat Aug 16 07:22:07 2008 (48A6B85F) f7697000 f76a0000 watchdog Sat Feb 17 01:11:45 2007 (45D69CA1) f76a7000 f76b0000 ndistapi Sat Feb 17 00:59:19 2007 (45D699B7) f76b7000 f76c6000 raspppoe Sat Feb 17 00:59:23 2007 (45D699BB) f76c8000 f7707000 NDIS Sat Feb 17 01:28:49 2007 (45D6A0A1) f7707000 f770f000 kdcom Tue Mar 25 03:08:00 2003 (3E800050) f770f000 f7717000 BOOTVID Tue Mar 25 03:07:58 2003 (3E80004E) f7717000 f771e000 intelide Sat Feb 17 01:07:32 2007 (45D69BA4) f771f000 f7726000 dmload Tue Mar 25 03:08:08 2003 (3E800058) f777f000 f7786000 dxgthk Tue Mar 25 03:05:52 2003 (3E7FFFD0) f7787000 f778e000 vmmemctl Tue Aug 12 20:37:25 2008 (48A22CC5) f77cf000 f77d6280 vmxnet Mon Sep 08 21:17:10 2008 (48C5CE96) f77d7000 f77df000 audstub Tue Mar 25 03:09:12 2003 (3E800098) f77ef000 f77f7000 Fs_Rec Tue Mar 25 03:08:36 2003 (3E800074) f77f7000 f77fe000 Null Tue Mar 25 03:03:05 2003 (3E7FFF29) f77ff000 f7806000 Beep Tue Mar 25 03:03:04 2003 (3E7FFF28) f7807000 f780f000 mnmdd Tue Mar 25 03:07:53 2003 (3E800049) f780f000 f7817000 RDPCDD Tue Mar 25 03:03:05 2003 (3E7FFF29) f7817000 f781f000 rasacd Tue Mar 25 03:11:50 2003 (3E800136) f7878000 f7897000 Mup Tue Apr 12 15:05:46 2011 (4DA4A28A) f7897000 f7899980 compbatt Sat Feb 17 00:58:51 2007 (45D6999B) f789b000 f789e900 BATTC Sat Feb 17 00:58:46 2007 (45D69996) f789f000 f78a1b00 vmscsi Wed Apr 11 13:55:32 2007 (461D2114) f79af000 f79b0280 vmmouse Mon Aug 11 07:16:51 2008 (48A01FA3) f79b1000 f79b2280 swenum Sat Feb 17 01:05:56 2007 (45D69B44) f7b4a000 f7bdf000 Ntfs Sat Feb 17 01:27:23 2007 (45D6A04B) Unloaded modules: ba65a000 ba668000 imapi.sys Timestamp: unavailable (00000000) Checksum: 00000000 ImageSize: 0000E000 ba1c4000 ba1d5000 vpc-8042.sys Timestamp: unavailable (00000000) Checksum: 00000000 ImageSize: 00011000 f77df000 f77e7000 Sfloppy.SYS Timestamp: unavailable (00000000) Checksum: 00000000 ImageSize: 00008000 ******************************************************************************* * * * Bugcheck Analysis * * * ******************************************************************************* Use !analyze -v to get detailed debugging information. BugCheck 7E, {c0000005, f723e087, f78dea8c, f78de788} ***** Kernel symbols are WRONG. Please fix symbols to do analysis. --omitted-- Probably caused by : fltmgr.sys ( fltmgr!FltGetIrpName+63f ) Followup: MachineOwner --------- Finished dump check

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• create a list of threads in C

  - by Hristo

  My implementation (in C) isn't working... the first node is always NULL so I can't free the memory. I'm doing: thread_node_t *thread_list_head = NULL; // done in the beginning of the program ... // later on in the program thread_node_t *thread = (thread_node_t*) malloc(sizeof(thread_node_t)); pthread_create(&(thread->thread), NULL, client_thread, &csFD); thread->next = thread_list_head; thread_list_head = thread; So when I try to free this memory, thread_list_head is NULL. while (thread_list_head != NULL) { thread_node_t *temp = thread_list_head; thread_list_head = thread_list_head->next; free(temp); temp = NULL; } Any advice on how to fix this or just a new way to create this list that would work better? Thanks, Hristo

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• cuda/thrust: Trying to sort_by_key 2.8GB of data in 6GB of gpu RAM throws bad_alloc

  - by Sven K

  I have just started using thrust and one of the biggest issues I have so far is that there seems to be no documentation as to how much memory operations require. So I am not sure why the code below is throwing bad_alloc when trying to sort (before the sorting I still have 50% of GPU memory available, and I have 70GB of RAM available on the CPU)--can anyone shed some light on this? #include <thrust/device_vector.h> #include <thrust/sort.h> #include <thrust/random.h> void initialize_data(thrust::device_vector<uint64_t>& data) { thrust::fill(data.begin(), data.end(), 10); } #define BUFFERS 3 int main(void) { size_t N = 120 * 1024 * 1024; char line[256]; try { std::cout << "device_vector" << std::endl; typedef thrust::device_vector<uint64_t> vec64_t; // Each buffer is 900MB vec64_t c[3] = {vec64_t(N), vec64_t(N), vec64_t(N)}; initialize_data(c[0]); initialize_data(c[1]); initialize_data(c[2]); std::cout << "initialize_data finished... Press enter"; std::cin.getline(line, 0); // nvidia-smi reports 48% memory usage at this point (2959MB of // 6143MB) std::cout << "sort_by_key col 0" << std::endl; // throws bad_alloc thrust::sort_by_key(c[0].begin(), c[0].end(), thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(c[1].begin(), c[2].begin()))); std::cout << "sort_by_key col 1" << std::endl; thrust::sort_by_key(c[1].begin(), c[1].end(), thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(c[0].begin(), c[2].begin()))); } catch(thrust::system_error &e) { std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl; exit(-1); } return 0; }

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• Texture allocations being doubled in iPhone OpenGL ES

  - by Kyle

  The below couple lines are called 15 times during initialization. The tx-size is reported at 512 everytime, so this will allocate a 1mb image in memory 15 times, for a total of 15mb used.. However, I noticed instruments is reporting a total of 31 allocations! (15*2)+1 glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, tx-size, tx-size, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, spriteData); free(spriteData); Likewise in another area of my program that allocates 6 256x256x4 (256kB) textures.. I see 13 sitting there. (6*2)+1 Anyone know what's going on here? It seems like awful memory management, and I really hope it's my fault. Just to let everyone know, I'm on the simulator.

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• Algorithm: How to tell if an array is a permutation in O(n)?

  - by Iulian Serbanoiu

  Hello, Input: A read-only array of N elements containing integer values from 1 to N. And a memory zone of a fixed size (10, 100, 1000 etc - not depending on N). How to tell in O(n) if the array represents a permutation? --What I achieved so far:-- I use the limited memory area to store the sum and the product of the array. I compare the sum with N*(N+1)/2 and the product with N! I know that if condition (2) is true I might have a permutation. I'm wondering if there's a way to prove that condition (2) is sufficient to tell if I have a permutation. So far I haven't figured this out ... Thanks, Iulian

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• I don't understand Application Domains

  - by Jeremy Edwards

  .NET has this concept of Application Domains which from what I understand can be used to load an assembly into memory. I've done some research on Application Domains as well as go to my local book store for some additional knowledge on this subject matter but it seems very scarce. All I know that I can do with Application Domains is to load assemblies in memory and I can unload them when I want. What are the capabilities other that I have mentioned of Application Domains? Do Threads respect Application Domains boundaries? Are there any drawbacks from loading Assemblies in different Application Domains other than the main Application Domains beyond performance of communication? Links to resources that discuss Application Domains would be nice as well. I've already checked out MSDN which doesn't have that much information about them.

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• what's faster: merging lists or dicts in python?

  - by tipu

  I'm working with an app that is cpu-bound more than memory bound, and I'm trying to merge two things whether they be sets or dicts. Now the thing is i can choose either one, but I'm wondering if merging dicts would be faster since it's all in memory? Or is it always going to be O(n), n being the size of the smaller set. The reason I asked about dicts rather than sets is because I can't convert a set to json, because that results in {key1, key2, key3} and json needs a key/value pair, so I am using a dict so json dumps returns {key1:1, key2:1, key3:1}. Yes this is wasteful, but if it proves to be faster then I'm okay with it.

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• CUDA threads output different value

  - by kar

  HAi, I wrote a cuda program , i have given the kernel function below. The device memory is allocated through CUDAMalloc(); the value of *md is 10; __global__ void add(int *md) { int x,oper=2; x=threadIdx.x; * md = *md*oper; if(x==1) { *md = *md*0; } if(x==2) { *md = *md*10; } if(x==3) { *md = *md+1; } if(x==4) { *md = *md-1; } } executed the above code add<<<1,5>>(*md) , add<<<1,4>>>(*md) for <<<1,5>>> the output is 19 for <<<1,4>>> the output is 21 1) I have doubt that cudaMalloc() will allocate in device main memory? 2) Why the last thread alone is executed always in the above program? Thank you

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• J2ME Reduce Image color-depth/ Compress Image size

  - by updateraj

  Hi, I need to transmit the image from the mobile phone to the server. I am able to reduce the image screen size but not the memory size. I understand i have to deal with the color depth. J2ME does not seem to offer any scaling method which is available in J2SE: image rescaled = image.getScaledInstance(thumbWidth, thumbHeight, Image.SCALE_AREA_AVERAGING); BufferedImage biRescaled = toBufferedImage(rescaled, thumbWidth, thumbHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); How i would i tackle this ? I would like to reduce the image memory size before i transmit to the server. Thank you

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• streaming XML serialization in .net

  - by Luca Martinetti

  Hello, I'm trying to serialize a very large IEnumerable<MyObject> using an XmlSerializer without keeping all the objects in memory. The IEnumerable<MyObject> is actually lazy.. I'm looking for a streaming solution that will: Take an object from the IEnumerable<MyObject> Serialize it to the underlying stream using the standard serialization (I don't want to handcraft the XML here!) Discard the in memory data and move to the next I'm trying with this code: using (var writer = new StreamWriter(filePath)) { var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MyObject)); foreach (var myObject in myObjectsIEnumerable) { xmlSerializer.Serialize(writer, myObject); } } but I'm getting multiple XML headers and I cannot specify a root tag <MyObjects> so my XML is invalid. Any idea? Thanks

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• Efficient banner rotation with PHP

  - by reggie

  I rotate a banner on my site by selecting it randomly from an array of banners. Sample code as demonstration: <?php $banners = array( '<iframe>...</iframe>', '<a href="#"><img src="#.jpg" alt="" /></a>', //and so on ); echo $banners(rand(0, count($banners))); ?> The array of banners has become quite big. I am concerned with the amount of memory that this array adds to the execution of my page. But I can't figure out a better way of showing a random banner without loading all the banners into memory...

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• Handling exception form unmanaged dll in C#

  - by StuffHappens

  Hello. I have the following function written in C# public static string GetNominativeDeclension(string surnameNamePatronimic) { if(surnameNamePatronimic == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("surnameNamePatronimic"); IntPtr[] ptrs = null; try { ptrs = StringsToIntPtrArray(surnameNamePatronimic); int resultLen = MaxResultBufSize; int err = decGetNominativePadeg(ptrs[0], ptrs[1], ref resultLen); ThrowException(err); return IntPtrToString(ptrs, resultLen); } catch { return surnameNamePatronimic; } finally { FreeIntPtr(ptrs); } } Function decGetNominativePadeg is in unmanaged dll [DllImport("Padeg.dll", EntryPoint = "GetNominativePadeg")] private static extern Int32 decGetNominativePadeg(IntPtr surnameNamePatronimic, IntPtr result, ref Int32 resultLength); and throws an exception: Attempted to read or write protected memory. This is often an indication that other memory is corrupt. The catch that is in C# code doesn't actually catch it. Why? How to handle this exception? Thank you for your help!

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• Node.js for lua?

  - by Shahbaz

  I've been playing around with node.js (nodejs) for the past few day and it is fantastic. As far as I can tell, lua doesn't have a similar integration of libev and libio which let's one avoid almost any blocking calls and interact with the network and the filesystem in an asynchronous manner. I'm slowly porting my java implementation to nodejs, but I'm shocked that luajit is much faster than v8 JavaScript AND uses far less memory! I imagine writing my server in such an environment (very fast and responsive, very low memory usage, very expressive) will improve my project immensly. Being new to lua, I'm just not sure if such a thing exists. I'll appreciate any pointers. Thanks

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• Can GPU capabilities impact virtual machine performance?

  - by Dave White

  While this many not seem like a programming question directly, it impacts my development activities and so it seems like it belongs here. It seems that more and more developers are turning to virtual environments for development activities on their computers, SharePoint development being a prime example. Also, as a trainer, I have virtual training environments for all of the classes that I teach. I recently purchased a new Dell E6510 to travel around with. It has the i7 620M (Dual core, HyperThreaded cpu running at 2.66GHz) and 8 GB of memory. Reading the spec sheet, it sounded like it would be a great laptop to carry around and run virtual machines on. Getting the laptop though, I've been pretty disappointed with the user experience of developing in a virtual machine. Giving the Virtual Machine 4 GB of memory, it was slow and I could type complete sentences and watch the VM "catchup". My company has training laptops that we provide for our classes. They are Dell Precision M6400 Intel Core 2 Duo P8700 running at 2.54Ghz with 8 GB of memory and the experience on this laptops is night and day compared to the E6510. They are crisp and you barely aware that you are running in a virtual environment. Since the E6510 should be faster in all categories than the M6400, I couldn't understand why the new laptop was slower, so I did a component by component comparison and the only place where the E6510 is less performant than the M6400 is the graphics department. The M6400 is running a nVidia FX 2700m GPU and the E6510 is running a nVidia 3100M GPU. Looking at benchmarks of the two GPUs suggest that the FX 2700M is twice as fast as the 3100M. http://www.notebookcheck.net/Mobile-Graphics-Cards-Benchmark-List.844.0.html 3100M = 111th (E6510) FX 2700m = 47th (Precision M6400) Radeon HD 5870 = 8th (Alienware) The host OS is Windows 7 64bit as is the guest OS, running in Virtual Box 3.1.8 with Guest Additions installed on the guest. The IDE being used in the virtual environment is VS 2010 Premium. So after that long setup, my question is: Is the GPU significantly impacting the virtual machine's performance or are there other factors that I'm not looking at that I can use to boost the vm's performance? Do we now have to consider GPU performance when purchasing laptops where we expect to use virtualized development environments? Thanks in advance. Cheers, Dave

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• gcc/g++: error when compiling large file

  - by Alexander

  Hi, I have a auto-generated C++ source file, around 40 MB in size. It largely consists of push_back commands for some vectors and string constants that shall be pushed. When I try to compile this file, g++ exits and says that it couldn't reserve enough virtual memory (around 3 GB). Googling this problem, I found that using the command line switches --param ggc-min-expand=0 --param ggc-min-heapsize=4096 may solve the problem. They, however, only seem to work when optimization is turned on. 1) Is this really the solution that I am looking for? 2) Or is there a faster, better (compiling takes ages with these options acitvated) way to do this? Best wishes, Alexander Update: Thanks for all the good ideas. I tried most of them. Using an array instead of several push_back() operations reduced memory usage, but as the file that I was trying to compile was so big, it still crashed, only later. In a way, this behaviour is really interesting, as there is not much to optimize in such a setting -- what does the GCC do behind the scenes that costs so much memory? (I compiled with deactivating all optimizations as well and got the same results) The solution that I switched to now is reading in the original data from a binary object file that I created from the original file using objcopy. This is what I originally did not want to do, because creating the data structures in a higher-level language (in this case Perl) was more convenient than having to do this in C++. However, getting this running under Win32 was more complicated than expected. objcopy seems to generate files in the ELF format, and it seems that some of the problems I had disappeared when I manually set the output format to pe-i386. The symbols in the object file are by standard named after the file name, e.g. converting the file inbuilt_training_data.bin would result in these two symbols: binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_start and binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_end. I found some tutorials on the web which claim that these symbols should be declared as extern char _binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_start;, but this does not seem to be right -- only extern char binary_inbuilt_training_data_bin_start; worked for me.

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• Can you decode a mutable Bitmap from an InputStream?

  - by Daniel Lew

  Right now I've got an Android application that: Downloads an image. Does some pre-processing to that image. Displays the image. The dilemma is that I would like this process to use less memory, so that I can afford to download a higher-resolution image. However, when I download the image now, I use BitmapFactory.decodeStream(), which has the unfortunate side effect of returning an immutable Bitmap. As a result, I'm having to create a copy of the Bitmap before I can start operating on it, which means I have to have 2x the size of the Bitmap's memory allocated (at least for a brief period of time; once the copy is complete I can recycle the original). Is there a way to decode an InputStream into a mutable Bitmap?

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• Java Heap Overflow, Forcing Garbage Collection

  - by Nicholas

  I've create a trie tree with an array of children. When deleting a word, I set the children null, which I would assume deletes the node(delete is a relative term). I know that null doesn't delete the child, just sets it to null, which when using a large amount of words it causes to overflow the heap. Running a top on linux, I can see my memory usage spike to 1gb pretty quickly, but if I force garbage collection after the delete (Runtime.gc()) the memory usage goes to 50mb and never above that. From what I'm told, java by default runs garbage collection before a heap overflow happens, but I can't see to make that happen.

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• How to show Process ID (PID) with Delphi?

  - by NiliDelphi

  I want to make a Task Manager program that displays this information: Image name memory usage PID How can I do this?

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• MySQL query cache vs caching result-sets in the application layer

  - by GetFree

  I'm running a php/mysql-driven website with a lot of visits and I'm considering the possibility of caching result-sets in shared memory in order to reduce database load. However, right now MySQL's query cache is enabled and it seems to be doing a pretty good job since if I disable query caching, the use of CPU jumps to 100% immediately. Given that situation, I dont know if caching result-sets (or even the generated HTML code) locally in shared memory with PHP will result in any noticeable performace improvement. Does anyone out there have any experience on this matter? PS: Please avoid suggesting heavy-artillery solutions like memcached. Right now I'm looking for simple solutions that dont require too much time to implement, deploy and maintain.

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• Java object caching, which is faster, reading from a file or from a remote machine?

  - by Kumar225

  I am at a point where I need to take the decision on what to do when caching of objects reaches the configured threshold. Should I store the objects in a indexed file (like provided by JCS) and read them from the file (file IO) when required or have the object stored in a distributed cache (network, serialization, deserialization) We are using Solaris as OS. ============================ Adding some more information. I have this question so as to determine if I can switch to distributed caching. The remote server which will have cache will have more memory and better disk and this remote server will only be used for caching. One of the problems we cannot increase the locally cached objects is , it stores the cached objects in JVM heap which has limited memory(using 32bit JVM). ======================================================================== Thanks, we finally ended up choosing Coherence as our Cache product. This provides many cache configuration topologies, in process vs remote vs disk ..etc.

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• How to insert HTML into a UIWebView

  - by Mohan Gulati

  I have HTML Content which was being displayed in a text. The next iteration of my app is display the HTML contents into a UIWebView. So I basically replaced my UITextView with UIWebView. However I could not figure out how to inset my HTML snippit into the view. It seems to need a URLRequest which I do not want. I have already stored the HTML content in memory and want to load and display it from memory. Any ideas how I should proceed?

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