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• DKIM- Filter No Signature Data

  - by Vineet Sharma

  I have installed DKIM-Filter on Postfix after reading this tutorial http://www.unibia.com/unibianet/systems-networking/how-setup-domainkeys-identified-mail-dkim-postfix-and-ubuntu-server My email now has a DKIM signature but still it is landing in the SPAM folder. Here is the header Received-SPF: neutral (google.com: 69.164.193.167 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) client-ip=69.164.193.167; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=neutral (google.com: 69.164.193.167 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) [email protected]; dkim=hardfail (test mode) [email protected] Received: from promote.a2labs.in (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by promote.a2labs.in (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 34858530E8 for <[email protected]>; Mon, 28 Feb 2011 12:23:07 +0530 (IST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=a2labs.in; s=mail; t=1298875987; bh=bo+H1VYPIHMja2u7i1lnzr4k/j4Pe8iSf79bVw94XpI=; h=To:Subject:Message-ID:Date:From:Reply-To:MIME-Version: Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=nhTdlnUwo0iUJ92ycQzKSRjw 5Pfya0DJcJrAc8Mr2hIv8OLpgzBCzdOMWTGqR5nuUmAzgCGYBhYAM2XZwVxo9JG/iz7 oYKysmNQnskFx0TRyW3UOkDWcfHcPnCL6Y7fGzZWinmsyjsg47k+mKZg/e8jqlwTAMO PYKkt5pBz7SM0= Also my mail.err file shows Feb 28 12:17:03 ivineet dkim-filter[32181]: 1F788530E1: no signature data Feb 28 12:18:02 ivineet dkim-filter[32181]: 432BA530E2: no signature data How to fix it

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• Exchange 2003 SP2 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Domain Controllers

  - by Brian

  I'm looking at adding two Windows Server 2008 R2 Domain Controllers into our Windows Server 2003 domain to support our Exchange 2003 SP2 server and replace a retiring Windows Server 2003 Server. Our Domain and Forest functional levels are currently Windows Server 2003, which supports domain controller operating systems (Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2003) according to the "Appendix of Functional Level Features" on Technet . So there should not be an issue other than running adprep /forestprep and adprep /domain.... right!? But, according to the Exchange Server Supportability Matrix, Windows Server 2008 R2 Active Directory Servers are not supported as global catalog servers or domain controllers in a Exchange 2003 SP2 environment!!!??? This was a shock to me... How can Windows Server 2008 R2 be a DC for a Windows Server 2003 domain and forest, but not communicate with an Exchange 2003 SP2 server? Hopefully, I'm not the first to see this issue (or maybe I am), but I know a lot of Exchange 2003 admins will not be happy if there is not a work around... or is Microsoft trying to push everyone automatically to Exchange 2010...

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• Windows XP SP3 Keyboard stops working

  - by Kevin K

  Here's the strangest thing I have yet to see in 20+ yrs of computer repairs. My in-laws Windowsx XP SP3 has stopped recognizing keyboards. The keyboards work fine in the BIOS, during the boot select process to boot normally, etc. but once Windows comes up it will not recognize any USB keyboard. The USB mouse works fine, have tried different USB ports, different keyboards, etc. nothing works. I can log into the machine via VNC and use the remote keyboard just fine, but not connected locally. Tried a system restore, it says nothing changed. I am about to just re-install Windoze at this point, except I am afraid it will happen again. I have googled for this and it is not unheard of, but I have not found any solution other than nuking it. Anyone have any ideas? I have re-installed the USB drivers for the M/B. Gone into devices and deleted them for a re-install, etc. Keyboard works off a Linux live boot CD, and in the BIOS setup so it is not a hardware issue, and I have tried a few keyboards all of which I know are good and work fine on other systems.

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• "Unable to open MRTG log file" error with nagios and mrtg

  - by Simone Magnaschi

  We have a strange issue with our setup of icinga / nagios and mrtg. Icinga is working great and has no problem, it can monitor basically everything without issues. We setup mrtg to gather bandwith data from our routers and switches. MRTG is working fine: it stores the log data in the /var/www/mrtg/ directory and displays the graph data via web. We assume so MRTG is doing great. We tried to setup bandwidth checks in nagios: define service{ use generic-service ; Inherit values from a template host_name zywall-agora service_description ZYWALL AGORA TRAFFICO check_command check_local_mrtgtraf!/var/www/mrtg/x.x.x.x_2.log!AVG!1000000,2000000!5000000,5000000!1000 check_interval 1 ; Check the service every 1 minute under normal conditions retry_interval 1 ; Re-check every minute until its final/hard state is determined } Where /var/www/mrtg/x.x.x.x_2.log is the correct log path file. We keep on getting Unable to open MRTG log file error in the test result in icinga web interface. We tried everything: give ownership to user nagios or icinga to the log file give chmod 777 to the file try to copy the file in another directory and give it full permission Same error. The strange thing is that if we use the command that nagios generate in a bash session the command works like a charm: /usr/lib64/nagios/plugins/check_mrtgtraf -F /var/www/mrtg/x.x.x.x_2.log -a AVG -w 10,20 -c 5000000,5000000 -e 10 Result: Traffic WARNING - Avg. In = 17.9 KB/s, Avg. Out = 5.0 KB/s|in=17.877930KB/s;10.000000;5000000.000000;0.000000 out=5.000000KB/s;20.000000;5000000.000000;0.000000 We ran that command line as root, as user nagios and as user icinga and all three worked ok. We thought that the command that nagios perform maybe has something wrong in it, so we debugged nagios but we found out that the generated command from nagios is the same as above. Searching on google for these kind of problem returns only issues of systems where mrtg is not installed or issues with the wrong path to the log file, but these seems not to be our case. We are stuck, can somebody help?

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• OpenSSL support for Ruby: "Cipher is not a module (TypeError)"

  - by smotchkkiss

  The Problem Our systems admin needed to upgrade the packages on our CentOS 5.4 dev server to match the packages on our production server. The upgrade affected ruby and/or openssl. We run a Ruby on Rails issue tracking system called Redmine that is deployed with Passenger on Apache. Everything worked before the server update, but when trying to access the ticket system now, I get the following error: Error message: Cipher is not a module Exception class: TypeError Application root: /home/dev/rails/redmine-0.8.7 I've been trying so hard to fix this problem but I can't seem to beat it. I have tried following this guide: http://iamclovin.posterous.com/how-to-solve-the-cipher-is-not-a-module-error When I try require 'openssl' in IRB, I do see a true return value. However, I'm still seeing the Cipher.rb is not a module TypeError when accessing the ticket system. Possibly (probably) related: I've tried updating Passenger, but when I try passenger-install-apache2-module I see: Checking for required software... * GNU C++ compiler... found at /usr/bin/g++ * Ruby development headers... found * OpenSSL support for Ruby... /usr/lib/ruby/1.8/openssl/cipher.rb:22: Cipher is not a module (TypeError) Any help?

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• FFMPEG Install on EC2 - Amazon Linux

  - by Oliver Holmberg

  Hello Serverfault friends, I am about two days into attempting to install FFMPEG with dependencies on an AWS EC2 instance running the Amazon Linux AMI. I've installed FFMPEG on Ubuntu and Fedora systems with no problems in the past, and have read reportedly successful instructions on installing on Red Hat/Fedora. I have followed a number of tutorials and forum articles to do so, but have had no luck yet. As far as I can tell, the main problems are as followed: The amazon linux (Most similar to red-hat/centos) yum repositories don't have ffmpeg available. I have found instructions to update the repositories to include the required packages, but adding these repositories cause yum to fail in updating packages. (Also, I've read some cautionary tales about adding redhat/centos repositories to amazon linux that lead me to believe it may be a bad idea) (https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?messageID=229166) I have tried a more complicated method of downloading the source tarball, compiling, and installing, but this always fails due to missing dependencies and other errors. On to my question: Has anyone successfully installed FFMPEG on Amazon Linux? Is there a fundamental incompatibility? If anyone could share specific instructions on installing ffmpeg on amazon linux I would be greatly appreciative. Any other insights/experiences would also be appreciated. Thanks in advance, Oliver

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• How does a web server/the http protocol handle version control and compression?

  - by Sune Rasmussen

  When a client browser requests a file from the web server, I know that some kind of check is performed, because the files needed to serve the web page may already be cached by the web browser. So, if a file exists in the cache, no files are sent. But if the file on the server has changed since the file was cached in the browser, the file is sent and updated anyhow. Then, if you have compression like gzipping enabled on the server, the files that are to be provided to the client must be gzipped on the way, requiring some amount of server side processing. But how is this managed? The logical approach seems to me, that the web server should have a cache as well, containing the newest version of all files that have been requested within a certain time span, thus a compressed version of these files, so that compression would not have to be done each time a files is requested. And also, how are files eventually requested? Does the browser ask for files, each time it encounters one in the HTML code and the specific file is not stored in the local cache, or does it sum all the files that are needed up and ask for the whole bunch at the same time? But that's only guessing from a programming point of view, and I don't really know. If the answers are very different among web server systems, I'm primarily interested in Apache, but other answers are appreciated, too.

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• Simple P2V help from Linux to Windows

  - by Ke.

  I have two OS's installed on different drives in my PC. One linux (Centos 5.4) and one windows 7. Its getting tiresome to constantly have to stop and restart the PC when I want to use either OS. I would very much like to use Windows 7 as my host OS and access my linux OS from within Windows. However, im having trouble deciphering exactly how to do this (many of the articles seem confusing and a bit overkill) From what i have seen its possible to use VMWare converter to convert the physical linux image to a virtual image so that I can use it in windows. As im having problems understanding how this is done, I would really appreciate a step by step guide (for a newbie), or any simple tutorials that you can point me at. Some questions beforehand: 1) My linux image is around 80gb, do i need to take this into consideration? The linux drive is around 180gb in total. All my other drives are NTFS non writeable in linux (as I use them in windows and ntfs is dodgy in linux), so probably not possible to move the image over to my ntfs drives 2) Can I just zip the linux files up somehow and transfer it to windows to create the p2v? 3) Is it possible to do the P2V conversion while I am logged into windows. I can see the actual linux drive loaded in disk manager, but windows doesnt read linux file systems so im confused as to how to access the linux drive if this is possible. 4) Or will i need to do the whole p2v conversion inside linux? Cheers, any help is much appreciated Ke (a confused p2v newbie)

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• rpm file conflict after alien conversion

  - by Zitrax

  I have a program for which I generate a .deb file. The .deb file works fine on the systems I have tried it on (also tested with lintian). Previously it has worked to use alien to convert this to .rpm and install it on Suse. However it is now about a year since I tried it the last time and now I get an error when trying to install the alien made rpm on Fedora 11, I get this error: file /usr/share/icons/default.kde from install of testpkg-0.2-2.i386 conflicts with file from package kdelibs3-3.5.10-13.fc11.1.i586 Listing the content of the rpm file: $ rpm -qlp testpkg-0.2-2.i386.rpm / /usr /usr/games /usr/games/testpkg /usr/lib /usr/lib/libfmod-3.75.so /usr/share /usr/share/app-install /usr/share/app-install/icons /usr/share/app-install/icons/testpkg.png /usr/share/applications /usr/share/applications/testpkg.desktop /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/testpkg /usr/share/doc/testpkg/changelog.gz /usr/share/doc/testpkg/copyright /usr/share/games /usr/share/games/testpkg /usr/share/games/testpkg/images /usr/share/games/testpkg/images/bb.dat /usr/share/games/testpkg/images/bb_bg.dat /usr/share/games/testpkg/images/bubblemad_8x8.png /usr/share/games/testpkg/images/goldfont.png /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl001.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl002.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl003.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl004.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl005.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl006.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/lvl/lvl007.txt /usr/share/games/testpkg/music /usr/share/games/testpkg/music/alfa.it /usr/share/games/testpkg/music/beta.it /usr/share/games/testpkg/sounds /usr/share/games/testpkg/sounds/bounce.wav /usr/share/games/testpkg/sounds/click.wav /usr/share/games/testpkg/sounds/warning.wav /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons/default.kde /usr/share/icons/default.kde/16x16 /usr/share/icons/default.kde/16x16/apps /usr/share/icons/default.kde/16x16/apps/testpkg.png /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man6 /usr/share/man/man6/testpkg.6.gz Am I wrong in putting the kde icons in /usr/share/icons/default.kde which seem to be a symbolic link ? It's a symbolic link on both Kubuntu 9.10 and Fedora 11 though. Sounds like a common situation that the same directory is needed for different packages, so why is it a conflict ?

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• Reverse Proxies and AJAX

  - by osij2is

  A client of ours is using IBM/Tivoli WebSEAL, a reverse-proxy server for some of their internal users. Our web application (ASP.NET 2.0) and is a fairly straightforward web/database application. Currently, our client users that are going through the WebSEAL proxy are having problems with a .NET 3rd party control. Users who are not going through the proxy have no issues. The 3rd party control is nothing more than an AJAX dynamic tree that on each click requests all the nodes for each leaf. Now our clients claim that once users click on a node in the control, the control itself freezes in such a way that they don't see anything populate. Users see "Loading..." message appear but no new activity there afterwards. They have to leave the page and go back to the original page in order to view the new nodes. I've never worked with a reverse proxy before so I have googled quite a bit on the subject even found an article on SF. IBM/Tivoli has mentioned this issue before but this is about all they mention at all. While the IBM doc is very helpful, all of our AJAX is from the 3rd party control. I've tried troubleshooting using Firebug but by not being behind the reverse proxy, I'm unable to truly replicate the problem. My question is: does anyone have experience with reverse proxies and issues with AJAX sites? How can I go about proving what the exact issue is? Currently we're negotiating remote access so assume for the greater part that I will have access to a machine that's using the WebSEAL proxy. P.S. I realize this question might teeter on the StackOverFlow/ServerFault jurisdictional debate, but I'm trying to investigate from the systems perspective. I have no experience with reverse proxies (and I'm unclear on the benefits) and little with forwarding proxies.

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• Configuration management in support of scientific computing

  - by Sharpie

  For the past few years I have been involved with developing and maintaining a system for forecasting near-shore waves. Our team has just received a significant grant for further development and as a result we are taking the opportunity to refactor many components of the old system. We will also be receiving a new server to run the model and so I am taking this opportunity to consider how we set up the system. Basically, the steps that need to happen are: Some standard packages and libraries such as compilers and databases need to be downloaded and installed. Some custom scientific models need to be downloaded and compiled from source as they are not commonly provided as packages. New users need to be created to manage the databases and run the models. A suite of scripts that manage model-database interaction needs to be checked out from source code control and installed. Crontabs need to be set up to run the scripts at regular intervals in order to generate forecasts. I have been pondering applying tools such as Puppet, Capistrano or Fabric to automate the above steps. It seems perfectly possible to implement most of the above functionality except there are a couple usage cases that I am wondering about: During my preliminary research, I have found few examples and little discussion on how to use these systems to abstract and automate the process of building custom components from source. We may have to deploy on machines that are isolated from the Internet- i.e. all configuration and set up files will have to come in on a USB key that can be inserted into a terminal that can connect to the server that will run the models. I see this as an opportunity to learn a new tool that will help me automate my workflow, but I am unsure which tool I should start with. If any member of the community could suggest a tool that would support the above workflow and the issues specific to scientific computing, I would be very grateful. Our production server will be running Linux, but support for OS X would be a bonus as it would allow the development team to setup test installations outside of VirtualBox.

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• Configuration management in support of scientific computing

  - by Sharpie

  For the past few years I have been involved with developing and maintaining a system for forecasting near-shore waves. Our team has just received a significant grant for further development and as a result we are taking the opportunity to refactor many components of the old system. We will also be receiving a new server to run the model and so I am taking this opportunity to consider how we set up the system. Basically, the steps that need to happen are: Some standard packages and libraries such as compilers and databases need to be downloaded and installed. Some custom scientific models need to be downloaded and compiled from source as they are not commonly provided as packages. New users need to be created to manage the databases and run the models. A suite of scripts that manage model-database interaction needs to be checked out from source code control and installed. Crontabs need to be set up to run the scripts at regular intervals in order to generate forecasts. I have been pondering applying tools such as Puppet, Capistrano or Fabric to automate the above steps. It seems perfectly possible to implement most of the above functionality except there are a couple usage cases that I am wondering about: During my preliminary research, I have found few examples and little discussion on how to use these systems to abstract and automate the process of building custom components from source. We may have to deploy on machines that are isolated from the Internet- i.e. all configuration and set up files will have to come in on a USB key that can be inserted into a terminal that can connect to the server that will run the models. I see this as an opportunity to learn a new tool that will help me automate my workflow, but I am unsure which tool I should start with. If any member of the community could suggest a tool that would support the above workflow and the issues specific to scientific computing, I would be very grateful. Our production server will be running Linux, but support for OS X would be a bonus as it would allow the development team to setup test installations outside of VirtualBox.

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• Oracle 11gR2: NLS_CHARACTERSET accidentally removed with an UPDATE-Query

  - by Marco Nätlitz

  Hi folks, I have a fresh installation of Oracle 11gr2_x64 on CentOS. After the installation I wanted to get productive and started to import my dumps. One of the dumps caused characterset error so I tried to change the systems character-set to the one specified in the dump. I ran a statement like this: UPDATE nls_database_parameters SET parameter='WS....' WHERE parameter=’NLS_CHARACTERSET’; As you can see: I have written the value of the character-set in the parameter column instead of the value column. I guess I was just too much thinking about the problem instead of checking what I am typing there. After the query the parameter "NLS_CHARACTERSET" is gone and the server reports that the characterset is "(null)". I want to put the "NLS_CHARACTERSET" paramater back in the table but don't know how. If I try to do something like this INSERT INTO nls_database_parameters (PARAMETERS, VALUE) VALUES ("NLS_CHARACTERSET", "AL32UTF8"); I get the error: Fehler bei Befehlszeile:1 Spalte:84 Fehlerbericht: *Cause: SQL-Fehler: ORA-00984: Spalte hier nicht zulässig *Action: 00984. 00000 - "column not allowed here" Sorry that the error message is in German but it contains the Oracle error code. Do you have any idea how I can fix that? Thanks and best regards Marco

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• fsck on LVM snapshots

  - by Alpha01

  I'm trying to do some file system checks using LVM snapshots of our Logical Volumes to see if any of them have dirty file systems. The problem that I have is that our LVM only has one Volume Group with no available space. I was able to do fsck's on some of the logical volumes using a loopback file system. However my question is, is it possible to create a 200GB loopback file system, and saved it on the same partition/logical volume that I'll be taking a snapshot of? Is LVM smart enough to not take a snapshot copy of the actual snapshot? [root@server z]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name Web2-Vol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 29 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 6 Open LV 6 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 544.73 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 139450 Alloc PE / Size 139450 / 544.73 GB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID BrVwNz-h1IO-ZETA-MeIf-1yq7-fHpn-fwMTcV [root@server z]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 9.7G 3.6G 5.6G 40% / /dev/sda1 251M 29M 210M 12% /boot /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var 12G 1.1G 11G 10% /var /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var--spool 12G 184M 12G 2% /var/spool /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-var--lib--mysql 30G 15G 14G 52% /var/lib/mysql /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-usr 13G 3.3G 8.9G 27% /usr /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z 468G 197G 267G 43% /z /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-tmp 3.0G 76M 2.8G 3% /tmp tmpfs 7.9G 92K 7.9G 1% /dev/shm The logical volume in question is /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z. I'm afraid if I created the loopback file system in /dev/mapper/Web2--Vol-z and take a snapshot of it, the disk size will be trippled in size, thus running out of disk space available.

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• signed applet automatically running as insecure

  - by Terje Dahl

  My application is deployed as a self-signed applet to several thousand users at more than 50 schools across the country (in Norway). The user is presented with the standard Java security warning asking if they will accept the signature. When they do, the applet runs perfectly. However, about half a year ago a group of 7 school, all under a common IT department, stopped getting the security warning. In stead the applet loads and starts running in untrusted mode, without first giving the user an option to accept or reject the signature. The problem is on Windows machines, and only when the machine is connected to the schools network. If they take the same machine home with them, the program functions as it should, with security warnings and everything. I know little about Window systems in general, but I would think it would be some sort of policy-file or something that is loaded when a machine hooks up to/through the schools network. Furthermore, the problem only started occurring in these 7 schools after changes made after a security breach they had a while back. The IT department is stumped. I am stumped. Any thoughts, comments, suggestions?

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• Install MatroskaProp on Windows 7 x64

  - by Neophytos

  To see more information in Windows Explorer property pages and menus about Matroska Video (.mkv) files, similar to what one can see when selecting native Windows media (.avi, .asf, .wmv or even just plain old mpg) files, Matroska links (from http://www.matroska.org/downloads/windows.html) to a download of the MatroskaProp shell extension (http://www.jory.info/serendipity/archives/14-MatroskaProp-2.8-Released.html). It used to work for me under Windows XP 32-bit. Now I have Windows 7 x64, and downloaded, installed and ran it. Configuration and settings page is fine. But it does not seem to actually register any shell extension. Nothing is added to Explorer windows, menus or property pages when selecting .mkv or .mks files). I tried calling the register hook manually using regsvr32.dll, that again invoked the configuration window and let me set all options, and when confirming even said the registration succeeded, but seems to have had no effect. In the registry I cannot find any traces of the shell extension being installed. Can this extension be made to work under Windows 7 or x64 systems? Are there known problems with installing this or other old shell extensions on x64, or on Windows 7?

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• Windows NT from vmware to kvm

  - by Luca Rossi

  I'm trying to convert a couple of old Windows NT virtual servers from vmware to KVM. I tried almost all guidelines and how to I found around the web but with no luck. I have the vmware virtual disk: Dlc1.vmdk partitioned image. I converted the vmdk into qcow2 image with the qemu utility and I tried to use it with kvm: kvm -hda test.qemu -vnc :1 -m 750 but I receive "error loading operating system" I also tried with raw partitions I can mount through losetup and kpartx. but nothing changed I also tried to create an brand new image file with: qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 2G I partitioned the new image file and I copied the original partition 1 to the new partition 1 with dd: dd if=/dev/mapper/loop1p1 of=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 bs=128M no luck again I also tried with a single unpartitioned file: qemu-img create -f qcow2 test.qcow2 2G and I copied the partition 1 to the new image file: dd if=/dev/mapper/loop0p1 of=test.img bs=128M but when booting, I receive a black screen and the virtual machine hangs. The bootloader is loaded successfully, because I also tried with a GRUB live iso and I receive the same screens and errors. Note that grub sees the Windows setup and give me the boot choice. I have the suspect the problem is that the vmware machine is probably a scsi guest and in centos 6 (my system) scsi emulation is no longer supported. But in that case, where to change in Windows? I'm not so skilled with MS systems. Thank you for the help Luca Rossi

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• Migrating Windows XP BOOT.INI Settings to Windows 7 Boot-loader

  - by Synetech inc.

  Two months ago my motherboard died, so I bought a used computer that came with Windows 7. I have since installed my old hard-drive, which had Windows XP on it, in this system. What I am trying to do now is to figure out a way to migrate the settings from XP's BOOT.INI into 7's boot-loader. Below is the BOOT.INI I used in XP (I have reduced the strings and updated the disks to point to the new location of the old HD. Oh and I am not clear on the drive letters. In XP, I could boot the recovery console or MS-DOS from a file in C:\ that contains the boot-sector. I am not sure what drive letter it would be called now—I had to manually change all the drive letters of the old partitions in Windows 7 because it auto-assigned them all wrong/differently). [boot loader] timeout=10 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="XP" /fastdetect multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(1)partition(1)\WINDOWS="XP (Safe)" /safeboot:network /sos /bootlog /noguiboot C:\CMDCONS\BOOTSECT.DAT="Recovery Console" /cmdcons C:\BOOTSECT.DOS="MS-DOS 7.10" /win95 I have looked around, and have only been able to find some bcdedit commands to add XP to the boot-loader, but none that include information on setting safe-mode for it (or changing any of the XP load options for that matter). Not surprisingly I suppose, I have not found anything on adding the XP recovery console or DOS to the Windows 7 boot-loader. (Yes, I tried EasyBCD, but that did not help; it had no options for XP, and the best I managed was to get a choice of booting 7 or normal-mode XP—choosing XP didn't even give the old XP boot menu.) Can anyone please tell me how to export the entries in XP's boot.ini to 7's boot-loader so that on boot, I can choose to load the following: Windows 7 Windows 7 (Safe-mode) (Windows 7 (The Win7 counterpart of the Recovery Console)) Windows XP Windows XP (Safe-mode) Windows XP (Recovery Console) MS-DOS 7.10

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• ZFS + FreeBSD + virtualbox

  - by John

  Hi, I'm configuring a FreeBSD server hosting virtualbox serving half dozen mission critical busy mail servers. I just learned ZFS, I'm quite attracted, but have a few questions: what is the CPU overhead of ZFS? I googled and found little (or no) benchmark for that. from what I learned, when ZFS updates files, it keeps the old file as snapshot, and write the updated part for the new version. However that would mean for each snapshot it keeps that require significant storage overhead. How much is this storage overhead? For example, suppose I have 2TB usable space, how much space can actually be used for the latest version of files one year later? is FreeBSD with ZFS hosting virtualbox serving half dozen busy guest mission critical mail servers a reasonable combination? Anything particular to be careful with? And can I still choose ZFS for the guest OSs? This is because I may build another identical such box for redundancy, and will need to do some mirroring between each pair of the guest systems across the boxes. I'm trying to configure a Dell R710 for this. From what I learned, I shouldn't choose any RAID at all, is that true? In that case, are the drives still arrive hot swappable? this may sounds a bit pathetic, but since I have no experience with ZFS at all, and this is a mission critical server, so just ask just in case: I'm choosing twin Intel L5630 processors, and 6 x 600GB 15K RPM Serial-Attach SCSI drives. If I need more space in the future, I would just hot swap some drivers with larger capacity to expand the storage. There is no problem with these, right?

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• Linux Distro for Beginners

  - by XLR3204S

  Well... I know that's the question arising all over the Internet, but I couldn't find an answer to suit me after googling for quite some time. I'd like to get a Linux distribution, and start learning using the CLI. I'm looking for a distribution already having GNOME installed, as I'll be using Linux-Command.org as my learning resource, and I'm not very familiar with CLI-based web browsers. I'd mainly like to get to know my way around a UNIX-based system, and then I think I'd like to pick up a CLI-only distribution, and start doing more complex stuff. I've tried Ubuntu, Fedora Core, OpenSolaris and FreeBSD (the last two aren't linux distros, I know). Ubuntu and FC are fine, they do come with Firefox, but I'm not really sure they're meant for learning purposes. OpenSolaris was OK as well, but I haven't got to play with it enough. FreeBSD 7.2 did not want to install itself on my 13" MacBook Pro, it generated a kernel panic everytime while copying the files to the disk. So to sum this up, I'm trying to learn Linux, and I'm willing to invest time into this (that is, not giving up when the first problems arise). I also have intermediate knowledge of C++, if it helps, and I'm also using the CLI-vim to write small C++ CLI-based programs, so text editing should be any problem. And... speaking of Macs, how am I going to be limited if I try to learn how to use UNIX-based systems using the OS X Terminal? It uses bash 3.2, isn't this the same shell as the one found on most of the Linux machines? How does the fact that OS X is based on FreeBSD 4.4, if I'm not mistaking, affect this? Thanks in advance, and hopefully, I'll have a starting point ASAP.

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• Validating signature trust with gpg?

  - by larsks

  We would like to use gpg signatures to verify some aspects of our system configuration management tools. Additionally, we would like to use a "trust" model where individual sysadmin keys are signed with a master signing key, and then our systems trust that master key (and use the "web of trust" to validate signatures by our sysadmins). This gives us a lot of flexibility, such as the ability to easily revoke the trust on a key when someone leaves, but we've run into a problem. While the gpg command will tell you if a key is untrusted, it doesn't appear to return an exit code indicating this fact. For example: # gpg -v < foo.asc Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux) gpg: armor header: gpg: original file name='' this is a test gpg: Signature made Fri 22 Jul 2011 11:34:02 AM EDT using RSA key ID ABCD00B0 gpg: using PGP trust model gpg: Good signature from "Testing Key <[email protected]>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: ABCD 1234 0527 9D0C 3C4A CAFE BABE DEAD BEEF 00B0 gpg: binary signature, digest algorithm SHA1 The part we care about is this: gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. The exit code returned by gpg in this case is 0, despite the trust failure: # echo $? 0 How do we get gpg to fail in the event that something is signed with an untrusted signature? I've seen some suggestions that the gpgv command will return a proper exit code, but unfortunately gpgv doesn't know how to fetch keys from keyservers. I guess we can parse the status output (using --status-fd) from gpg, but is there a better way?

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• Why datacenter water cooling is not widespread?

  - by MainMa

  From what I read and hear about datacenters, there are not too many server rooms which use water cooling, and none of the largerst datacenters use water cooling (correct me if I'm wrong). Also, it's relatively easy to buy an ordinary PC components using water cooling, while water cooled rack servers are nearly nonexistent. On the other hand, using water can possibly (IMO): Reduce the power consumption of large datacenters, especially if it is possible to create direct cooled facilities (i.e. the facility is located near a river or the sea). Reduce noise, making it less painful for humans to work in datacenters. Reduce space needed for the servers: On server level, I imagine that in both rack and blade servers, it's easier to pass the water cooling tubes than to waste space to allow the air to pass inside, On datacenter level, if it's still required to keep the alleys between servers for maintenance access to servers, the empty space under the floor and at the ceiling level used for the air can be removed. So why water cooling systems are not widespread, neither on datacenter level, nor on rack/blade servers level? Is it because: The water cooling is hardly redundant on server level? The direct cost of water cooled facility is too high compared to an ordinary datacenter? It is difficult to maintain such system (regularly cleaning the water cooling system which uses water from a river is of course much more complicated and expensive than just vacuum cleaning the fans)?

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• ESXi Server with 12 physical cores maxed out with only 8 cores assigned in virtual machines

  - by Sam

  I have an ESXi 5 server running on a 2-processor, 12-core system with hyperthreading enabled. So: 12 physical cores, 24 logical ones. On this server are 4 Windows 7 VMs, each configured for 2 processors, each running VMware Tools. Looking at my stats in vSphere, my "core utilization" is constantly maxed out. Yes, these machines are working hard, but only 8 cores have been allocated. How is this possible? Should I look into reducing the processor count per machine as in this post: VMware ESX server? I checked to ensure that hardware virtualization is enabled in the BIOS of the machine (a DELL R410). I've also started reading up on configuration, but being a newbie there's a lot of material to catch up on. It also seems I should only bother with advanced settings and pools if I'm really pushing the load, and I don't think that I should be pushing it with so few VMs. I suspect that I have some basic, incorrect configuration setting, but it's also possible that I have some giant misconceptions about virtualization. Any pointers? EDIT: Given the responses I've gotten so far, it seems that this is a measurement problem and not a configuration problem, making this less critical. Perhaps the real question is: How does the core utilization of the server reach a higher percentage than all individual cores' core utilization, and given that this possibility makes the metric useless for overall server load, what is the best global metric for measuring CPU load on hyper-threaded systems?

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• Windows XP SP3 Keyboard stops working

  - by Kevin K

  Here's the strangest thing I have yet to see in 20+ yrs of computer repairs. My in-laws Windowsx XP SP3 has stopped recognizing keyboards. The keyboards work fine in the BIOS, during the boot select process to boot normally, etc. but once Windows comes up it will not recognize any USB keyboard. The USB mouse works fine, have tried different USB ports, different keyboards, etc. nothing works. I can log into the machine via VNC and use the remote keyboard just fine, but not connected locally. Tried a system restore, it says nothing changed. I am about to just re-install Windows at this point, except I am afraid it will happen again. I have googled for this and it is not unheard of, but I have not found any solution other than nuking it. Anyone have any ideas? I have re-installed the USB drivers for the M/B. Gone into devices and deleted them for a re-install, etc. Keyboard works off a Linux live boot CD, and in the BIOS setup so it is not a hardware issue, and I have tried a few keyboards all of which I know are good and work fine on other systems.

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• Hardware Requirements & Tuning - Flash Media Server 3.5 Interactive

  - by Anthony Kanago

  I am trying to spec out a server to purchase (physically, not rented from someone like softlayer.com) to run an intranet instace of Flash Media Server 3.5 Interactive. In general, the server will likely be fielding somewhere on the order of 400 connections at a time at the upper limit. Of course, should this increase, we don't want to be stuck. While the decision is not final, we will likely be running the server on Red Hat rather than Windows. The server will be run on gigabit ethernet. I have two related questions: What sort of hardware would I need realistically to support this? What advice can you offer for settings in tuning FMS/the OS to be performant to this level? We are looking for a bare minimum that will run this effectively to save on costs. Realistically, the average number of connections will be fairly low (50-150) by comparison with that upper limit estimate. To reiterate: we just want to be cautious in not getting caught when we need more power, but we also need a low-cost solution (doesn't everyone?) and that may take priority. Windows and RedHat are the two officially supported operating systems. Since FMS is stated to be 32-bit only, I'm sticking with a 32-bit OS. The hardware requirements listed by Adobe on their website are: 3.2GHz Intel® Pentium® 4 processor (dual Intel Xeon® or faster recommended) 2GB of RAM (4GB recommended) 1Gb Ethernet card So what realistically do I need for those sorts of connection numbers, and what can I due to tune things up to get more out of less hardware? Thanks!

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