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  • Emails from web site sometimes blank or gibberish

    - by John Gardeniers
    Our company has one web site with an online store based on osCommerce. The system sends emails for various reasons, such as password changes, order confirmations, etc., using PHP's mail() function. We occasionally have customers report that the email they received is either blank (email is plain text format) or gibberish (email is in HTML format). In the latter case it's really just HTML that's being displayed as raw text but of course the customers can't read it. In this case the first opening tag's <, and sometimes a few more characters, has gone missing. In an attempt to determine whether this was happening only for certain customers or email systems I configured the web site to send a CC of each message to a service account at my end. Those CC'd messages always arrive intact and display correctly in Outlook. For what it's worth, it seems to happen a little more frequently to Hotmail users but is certainly not limited to them. As the web site is on a shared (Debian) host there's precious little I can do about debugging things from that end, although if I made the right request I feel the hosting company staff would help me, even though they have limited resources to spend on such matters. Any suggestions on what else I might do to try and determine just why those emails are not being received correctly by some customers, yet a CC copy arrives just fine?

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  • Why is mkfs overwriting the LUKS encryption header on LVM on RAID partitions on Ubuntu 12.04?

    - by Starchy
    I'm trying to setup a couple of LUKS-encrypted partitions to be mounted after boot-time on a new Ubuntu server which was installed with LVM on top of software RAID. After running cryptsetup luksFormat, the LUKS header is clearly visible on the volume. After running any flavor of mkfs, the header is overwritten (which does not happen on other systems that were setup without LVM), and cryptsetup will no longer recognize the device as a LUKS device. # cryptsetup -y --cipher aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 --key-size 256 luksFormat /dev/dm-1 WARNING! ======== This will overwrite data on /dev/dm-1 irrevocably. Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES Enter LUKS passphrase: Verify passphrase: # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 00000000 4c 55 4b 53 ba be 00 01 61 65 73 00 00 00 00 00 |LUKS....aes.....| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 63 62 63 2d 65 73 73 69 |........cbc-essi| 00000030 76 3a 73 68 61 32 35 36 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |v:sha256........| 00000040 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 68 61 31 00 00 00 00 |........sha1....| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/web2-var [..snip..] Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done # hexdump -C /dev/dm-1|head -n5 # cryptsetup luksClose /dev/mapper/web2-var 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000400 00 40 5d 00 00 88 74 01 66 a0 12 00 17 f2 6d 01 |.@]...t.f.....m.| 00000410 f5 3f 5d 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 |.?].............| 00000420 00 80 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 |......... ......| # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/dm-1 web2-var Device /dev/dm-1 is not a valid LUKS device. I have also tried mkfs.ext2 with the same result. Based on setups I've done successfully on Debian and Ubuntu (but not LVM or Ubuntu 12.04), it's hard to see why this is failing.

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  • WS2008 NTP - Using time.windows.com,0x9 - Time always skewed forwards

    - by David
    I have a domain controller configured to use time.windows.com (with 0x09 flags set). I've noticed that frequently the systems' clock is fast - it varies from 10 minutes to even 45 minutes. I always have to keep resetting the system date/time back to what it should be. When I run "w32tm /query /source" it tells me it's using time.windows.com, and obviously I trust Microsoft not to serve incorrect times, but why is my server's clock fast? EDIT: There are a few Time-Service events in the System log: Event ID: 142 Message: The time service has stopped advertising as a time source because the local clock is not synchronized. Event ID: 139 Message: The time service has started advertising as a time source. These two messages appear in pairs every hour or so. Event 142 appears 14 to 16 minutes after 139 appears. Going back a few months, these events appear: Event ID: 35 Message: The time service is now synchronizing the system time with the time source time.windows.com,0x9 (ntp.m|0x9|0.0.0.0:123-65.55.21.21:123). Event ID: 37 Message: The time provider NtpClient is currently receiving valid time data from time.windows.com,0x9 (ntp.m|0x9|0.0.0.0:123-65.55.21.21:123). Event ID: 47 Message: Time Provider NtpClient: No valid response has been received from manually configured peer time.windows.com,0x9 after 8 attempts to contact it. This peer will be discarded as a time source and NtpClient will attempt to discover a new peer with this DNS name. The error was: The time sample was rejected because: The peer is not synchronized, or it has been too long since the peer's last synchronization. These three events only appear once in the log, back in October.

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  • Cisco SA520 to Adtran 1234 no DHCP transfer

    - by Grico
    I am trying to set up a Cisco SA520 to run DHCP on my network. I have a vendor provided switch, the Adtran 1234, and it provides DHCP for our phone systems on VLAN 200. I do not have access to the Adtran, but the vendor gave me a IP on port 1 for WAN and said port 2 should be for the "trust" side should go. I did setup a mini lab where, Adtran 1 went to SA520 WAN port, and SA520 trust 1 went to my laptop. Everything worked fine, I could ping and get internet using the DHCP scope I put on the SA520. I then unplugged my computer from SA520 trust 1 and plugged it into Adtran 2. I plugged my computer into Adtran 23 and I dont get DHCP or even a link light. If I restart my machine, I get a brief link and then it dies once the machine boots. I have tried several ports on the Adtran and none seem to work. Different cables as well. However, when I plug a phone into the Adtran, the phone boot immediately and shows link. Thoughts?

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  • Windows 32-bit and 64-bit and GPT

    - by MrLane
    I know similar questions have been asked before across several sites, but the answers at least to me have been confusing and conflicting. My understanding has always been that 64-bit Windows will create and use GPT disks just fine, but will not boot from them without a UEFI BIOS. Also my understanding WAS that 32-bit Windows could not use GPT at all and so is always restricted to 2.2TB disks, which was another reason to move to 64-bit on top of the 4GB memory limit. But I have now read that this isn't correct: 32-bit Windows will create and use GPT disks just as 64-bit does. The only resriction is that you can't boot 32-bit Windows even if you DO have a UEFI BIOS? I don't think much of the literature has explained this well. There are several tools floating around for creating virtual disks or 2.2+.8GB partition schemes and such for 32-bit systems. Why when it seems you can use GPT in 32-bit Windows anyway. It also seems that people blame MS for lagging behind with respect to all of this: but it seems the issue is with BIOS manufactures not supporting UEFI rather than MS not supporting GPT... Is my new understanding now correct?

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  • Weird permission issue with POSIX ACLs, NFS v3 on Linux

    - by jon
    I have two Linux systems, both running Debian Squeeze. Versions of (I think) the stuff involved are: kernel: 2.6.32-5-xen-amd64 ii nfs-kernel-server 1:1.2.2-4squeeze2 support for NFS kernel server ii libnfsidmap2 0.23-2 An nfs idmapping library ii nfs-common 1:1.2.2-4squeeze2 NFS support files common to client and server ii portmap 6.0.0-2 RPC port mapper (The client doesn't have nfs-kernel-server involved.) I have a directory with ACLs: # file: dirname # owner: jon # group: foogroup # flags: -s- user::rwx user:www-data:rwx group::r-x group:foogroup:rwx mask::rwx other::r-x default:... There are two users, neither one of which owns the directory: uid=3001(jake) gid=3001(jake) groups=3001(jake),104(wheel),3999(foogroup) uid=3005(nic) gid=3005(nic) groups=3005(nic),3999(foogroup) The jake user can create files in the directory without issues. The nic user can't. All UIDs/GIDs are the same on the client and server. I've verified (packet sniffing) that the right uids/gids get sent via AUTH_UNIX are correct-- uid=gid=3005, auxiliary gids=3005,3999-- and that the server replies with NFS3ERR_ACCESS, which the kernel on the client maps to EACCES (Permission denied). Can anyone help me here?

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  • 550 Forged HELO with postfix on debian lenny

    - by Martin Ahrer
    I'm running postfix on a debian lenny system. sending mail in general works without any problems. however some recipent mail systems return an error and I can't get a clue what is causing the problem. So far I suspect that this is either postfix setup itself or the reverse dns resolution. The mail server is running on a virtual server from my service provider. running the command hostname is returning my.domain however running host <ip-address> is returning some alias from the virtual server system. now i'm not quite sure if that is causing my problem???? The mail system <recipient-mail>: host mx0.recipient.domain[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] refused to talk to me: 550 Forged HELO: you are not my.domain Reporting-MTA: dns; my.domain X-Postfix-Queue-ID: 6A1135B08002 X-Postfix-Sender: rfc822; [email protected] Arrival-Date: Tue, 13 Apr 2010 17:50:36 +0200 (CEST) Final-Recipient: rfc822; recipient-mail Action: failed Status: 5.0.0 Remote-MTA: dns; mx0.recipient.domain Diagnostic-Code: smtp; 550 Forged HELO: you are not my.domain

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  • "Run As Administrator" on program right click failing and not launching program

    - by GONeale
    This problem lies within a relatively fresh x64 Windows 7 install ~4 weeks, but is also a problem I have seen on Windows Vista machines (x86 versions). Since the other day, any programs attempted to be launched via right clicking on a shortcut (.lnk)'s context menu and pressing - "Run As Administrator" for instance, in the Quick Launch/Jump List in Windows 7 has failed, screen has not dimmed, no UAC popup. In fact the program does not even load. There is no way around this unless I use the shortcut version from "All Programs" which appears to work, very strange? I have performed no major software installs, nothing out of the ordinary. Has anybody encountered this or know what would be causing it? Here's an example of somebody else experiencing this problem in Vista with no solution: http://www.vistax64.com/vista-general/131918-strange-run-administrator-problem.html and I believe this problem is related, I also cannot right click - "Manage" on my computer): http://windows7forums.com/windows-7-support/5501-run-administrator-broken.html I am running the latest version of Avira AntiVir Virus Scanner and pretty concious of what I download, I don't think it is a virus, nor do I believe it is due to the RC Version of Windows 7, because I have seen the problem across multiple Operating Systems versions. Thanks guys.

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  • Customizing user privileges for an account in Windows (xp/vista/7)?

    - by claws
    Hello, I'm a .NET developer and recently learning WINDOWS API. When ever a program starts, my Kaspersky anti-virus says "application belonging to trusted group is trying to set debug previleges". I started wondering what are debug privileges? When ever application tries to open a file (using OpenFileDialog) it gives this message about debug privileges. It sometimes also says the so & so application is trying to read desktop.ini I'm not sure about what exactly it is either. Any way, my concern is about user previlages. When creating user account. We can only set the account to be either Administrative or Limited user. I read in MSDN that there are so many privileges for a user account. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb530716(VS.85).aspx SE_ASSIGNPRIMARYTOKEN_NAME SE_AUDIT_NAME SE_BACKUP_NAME SE_CHANGE_NOTIFY_NAME SE_CREATE_GLOBAL_NAME SE_CREATE_PAGEFILE_NAME SE_CREATE_PERMANENT_NAME SE_CREATE_SYMBOLIC_LINK_NAME SE_CREATE_TOKEN_NAME SE_DEBUG_NAME SE_ENABLE_DELEGATION_NAME SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME SE_INC_BASE_PRIORITY_NAME SE_INCREASE_QUOTA_NAME SE_INC_WORKING_SET_NAME SE_LOAD_DRIVER_NAME SE_LOCK_MEMORY_NAME SE_MACHINE_ACCOUNT_NAME SE_MANAGE_VOLUME_NAME SE_PROF_SINGLE_PROCESS_NAME SE_RELABEL_NAME SE_REMOTE_SHUTDOWN_NAME SE_RESTORE_NAME SE_SECURITY_NAME SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME SE_SYNC_AGENT_NAME SE_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_NAME SE_SYSTEM_PROFILE_NAME SE_SYSTEMTIME_NAME SE_TAKE_OWNERSHIP_NAME SE_TCB_NAME SE_TIME_ZONE_NAME SE_TRUSTED_CREDMAN_ACCESS_NAME SE_UNDOCK_NAME SE_UNSOLICITED_INPUT_NAME Well, my question is How can I manually (not programatically) set/customize these privileges for a user account? Surprisingly I'm unable to find a PRIVILEGE CONST for registry access. On my lab computer admin has disabled the registry access to my account. Where can I know more information about these information? I use all 3 operating systems (XP, VISTA, 7) :)

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  • Sort order in Windows Explorer

    - by Haim H.
    The behaviour described below occurs on Windows-7 systems and on Windows XP. We operate in a dual-language environment - English and Hebrew. When in Windows Explorer we sort files by name, the order in which they are listed is not what we would expect. Here is a list of file names as sorted by Windows Explorer (all of the files have a .pdf suffix): 1G110033H-PP 19C050G-PP-ORB 19C050H-PPRM 19C100H-PPRM 19C-MBPS-PP 19C-MBPS-PP-1 29AAC050-PP 29AAC100-PP 29AAC100-PPUL 29B004064-PP 101AC050-PP 101AC100-PP 101B100-PPE 1091003G-PPFSUL 10108033G-PPSA 10125033H-PPM It looks to me that first the items are sorted according to the position of the first alphabetic character in the name, and then, within those groups, they are sorted in "normal" alpha-numeric order. That is, all the files with an alpha character in the first position are on top of the list, followed by those with the first alpha character in the second position, followed by those with the first alpha character in the third position, and so on. An alternate way of looking at this is that, in a file name composed of numbers and letters, the sort treats the first group of numbers in the name as the major sort node, with the rest of the name being the secondary sort node. Now that I understand the sequencing logic, it's not a big problem, but I was wondering why this happens?

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  • Windows 7 deployment thru WDS

    - by vn
    Hello, I am deploying new systems on my network and I built my reference computer by installing the OS the manufacturers (Dell and a custom built system from some local business) gave with all drivers, installed all the desired applications. As for the settings part, I'm doing most of it thru GPOs. I want to image my reference computer and deploy it with WDS. i found several links on how to sysprep, but they're all doing it with some differences without explaining them. My questions : How do I manage (into sysprep) the domain join/computer naming part since (from what I understand) WDS manages that? How do I know/determine what I need to setup into my sysprep.xml? Can you sysprep a first time, try and if it fails, do some modifications and try again? I am thinking of doing a basis sysprep, checking what info can be automated and correct that in the answer file. What do I miss if skipping the "audit" mode? I don't plan on re-doing the reference computer... I read that when sysprepping, it resets settings from the reference computer like the computer name, activation/key and such... what setting is sysprep resetting by default that I should be aware of? I must admit I am quite lost about Win7, sysprep, RIS, MDI toolkit, WDS.. I understand the way of doing with XP, but it changed so much with Windows 7! The links I am reading are : http://far2paranoid.wordpress.com/2007/12/05/prep-for-sysprep/ http://blog.brianleejackson.com/sysprep-a-windows-7-machine-%E2%80%93-start-to-finish-v2 http://www.ehow.com/print/how_5392616_sysprep-machine-start-finish-v2.html Thank you VERY much for any answers, they are much appreciated.

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  • Apache doesn't immediately notice a change in the document root

    - by Tom
    We use capistrano for website deployments and our Apache document root is a symlink to a particular code release. The deployment procedure switches the symlink from the old release to the new release as the final step of the deployment. We are migrating our webservers from real servers running RHEL 5.6 to Amazon EC2 virtual machines running Ubuntu 11.10 and the new servers are suffering from a problem where Apache doesn't immediately notice the change to it's document root when the symlink is switched. It can take a second or so (and I think I've even seen it take a couple of minutes). It's kind of like Apache has cached the physical path of the symlink for some time. Does anyone know some Apache settings I could look at to get it to "scan" for changes to it's served files quicker. Thoughts: I read that the disks on virtual machines are much slower (since they are network attached storage). Perhaps the filesystem cache somehow works differently too? If so, is there anything that can be done? The website runs PHP code. Perhaps there is some PHP config differences between RHEL and Ubuntu? I checked realpath_cache_ttl but both servers have it commented out: e.g. ; Duration of time, in seconds for which to cache realpath information for a given ; file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing this ; value. ; http://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.core.php#ini.realpath-cache-ttl ;realpath_cache_ttl = 120 We do use the APC opcode cache but don't think it's the issue due to experimentation. The PHP code is in different file paths for each deployment and we ensure stat=1. Here is a similar question that is very interesting: 294107 - but doesn't provide an answer for me. One solution would be to reload Apache everytime we modify the document root symlink. I'll do this if we can't find another solution.

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  • Centralized Windows/Mac Patch Management that is easy to use

    - by BiggsTRC
    I'm looking for advice on what patch management solutions you would recommend based upon your experience. I'm also looking for which ones you would not recommend based upon your experience. We have a mixed network of Windows and Mac clients. Our central servers are all Windows servers, although I have considered putting in a Mac server to better handle our Mac clients. The issue we are facing currently is that we need to maintain the patches on all of our third-party applications. Right now we use WSUS, which handles with patching of Windows and some Microsoft products but that is about it. I need something to cover the other applications, specifically things like Adobe products (Reader, Flash, Dreamweaver, etc.) Our network isn't that big (maybe 200 clients) and I don't have a person to dedicate just to patching and maintaining a patch management solution. Thus very large and complicated solutions like System Center are most likely out. I have recently been looking at Dell's Kace K1000 solution (http://www.kace.com/products/systems-management-appliance/). It seems simple and it provides a lot of tools in one package that I would like/need as well. I like the fact that it is self-contained in an appliance and that it is designed for solutions like mine. However, I'm not sure if this is the best solution. I've also looked some at Shavlik's Netchk solution (http://www.shavlik.com/netchk-protect.aspx) but I don't need an anti-virus product. However, it looks like they might have a very good patch database. My question is this: What are your thoughts on these to products? Are there better products out there? Are there issues that I'm not considering? I want something that is very good at patching a broad range of products, that is simple to use, that takes a minimal amount of management (like WSUS), and that (hopefully) works with Mac and Windows.

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  • Windows roaming profile when creating a new user profile

    - by molecule
    Hi all, When a particular user is having a lot of problems with Windows XP e.g. applications crashing, unresponsive applications (which used to work), and as a general troubleshooting practice for a domain user, I normally rename that user's old profile and get him/her to logon to create a "fresh" profile (on the same PC). More often than not, this will solve the problem albeit some reconfiguration i.e. Outlook, Excel add-ins etc. As I took over the systems admin role from another administrator, I would like to know what is the easiest way to find out (either through a third party or some Windows administrative tool) what settings are carried over if the profile is a Roaming Profile. I tested creating a new user profile for one of my users and it seems basic Outlook settings such as the user's mailbox and PSTs are carried over automatically when I create a new user profile. I suspect this is done through a batch file loaded as part of the login script. However, my knowledge of scripting is limited and I don't want any corruptions to be carried over to the new profile. Can someone share their experiences on this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Getting a TTY in a Connectback Shell

    - by Asad R.
    I'm often asked by friends to help with small Linux problems, and more often than not I'm required to login to the remote system. Usually there are a lot of issues with making an account and logging in (sometimes the box is behind a NAT device, sometimes SSHD isn't installed, etc.) so I usually just ask them to make a connect-back shell using netcat (nc -e /bin/bash ). If they don't have netcat I can just ask them to grab a copy of a statically compiled binary which isn't that hard or time consuming to download and run. Though this works well enough for me to enter simple commands, I can't run any apps that require a tty (vi, for example) and can't use any job control functions. I managed to bypass this issue by running in.telnetd with a few arguments within the connect-back shell that would assign me a terminal and drop me to a shell. Unfortunately in.telnetd isn't usually installed by default on most systems. What's the easiest way to get a fully functional connect-back terminal shell without requiring any non-standard packages? (A small C program that does the job would be fine as well, I just can't seem to find much documentation on how a TTY is assigned/allocated. A solution that doesn't require me to plough through the source code for SSHD and TELNETD would be nice :))

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  • Simple P2V help from Linux to Windows

    - by Ke
    Hi, I have two OS's installed on different drives in my PC. One linux (Centos 5.4) and one windows 7. Its getting tiresome to constantly have to stop and restart the PC when I want to use either OS. I would very much like to use Windows 7 as my host OS and access my linux OS from within Windows. However, im having trouble deciphering exactly how to do this (many of the articles seem confusing and a bit overkill) From what i have seen its possible to use VMWare converter to convert the physical linux image to a virtual image so that I can use it in windows. As im having problems understanding how this is done, I would really appreciate a step by step guide (for a newbie), or any simple tutorials that you can point me at. Some questions beforehand: 1) My linux image is around 80gb, do i need to take this into consideration? The linux drive is around 180gb in total. All my other drives are NTFS non writeable in linux (as I use them in windows and ntfs is dodgy in linux), so probably not possible to move the image over to my ntfs drives 2) Can I just zip the linux files up somehow and transfer it to windows to create the p2v? 3) Is it possible to do the P2V conversion while I am logged into windows. I can see the actual linux drive loaded in disk manager, but windows doesnt read linux file systems so im confused as to how to access the linux drive if this is possible. 4) Or will i need to do the whole p2v conversion inside linux? Cheers, any help is much appreciated Ke (a confused p2v newbie)

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  • Server Names Inside Private Network

    - by thyandrecardoso
    Our office has a private network, where any requests on a (pre-determined) public IP are forwarded to a private IP inside said network. On that private IP, we've got a server running several services, including HTTP servers, and SCM systems. We only control our private network, having no control on the public IP configuration. We bought a domain name, and pointed it to that public IP, so people can access our services from the outside. But, when inside the office, people can't use that DNS name, because the server and any other hosts inside the network share the same public IP! For desktops, inside the office network, dealing with names is really easy: one entry on the hosts file and we're done. However, for laptops, that keep going in and out, and need to access services inside the office, the naming is really annoying. I don't know the "standard" process for dealing with these kind of situations. I've considered installing BIND in the office, and make people configure their wireless and wired connections to use that DNS server. What is the correct approach in this situation? If using BIND (or any other DNS server) is the answer, how should I configure it so that people inside the office can use it to get our custom names, and get forwarded to the ISP DNS when trying to reach the internet?

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  • time sync with ntpd

    - by guthrie
    I run Debian on several systems, and their times do not seem to stay in sync. I can run ntpdate manually, but I thought that I should have an ntpd running that would automate that. I did check with apt and apt-cache but don't find any ntpd (or associated ntpq), not any such names in my system (locate...), but ntp-doc does still describe them. Looking around I see that there is an ntpdate-debian command, and it uses /etc/default/ntpdate for servers (instead of the standard /etc/ntp.conf), but even thought that file is there and has "yes" indicated to use ntp.conf, it fails with "no servers can be used", although ntpdate works fine. Is this just a layer over ntpdate, any reason to use it instead? So, why are they missing, do I need them, how do I automate time updates? Associated, two of my machines are virtualized on a MSoft VM, how is it that their clocks drift, and both to different values? (The underlying Windows machine clock seems stable). I see a few old notes about time & ntp problems on VMware, didn't find anything either current or relating to MSoft VMs. Anything I did see says just to use ntpd, but as above, ...?!

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  • Windows roaming profile when creating a new Windows profile

    - by molecule
    Hi all, When a particular user is having a lot of problems with Windows XP e.g. applications crashing, unresponsive applications (which used to work), and as a general troubleshooting practice for a domain user, I normally rename that user's old profile and get him/her to logon to create a "fresh" profile (on the same PC). More often than not, this will solve the problem albeit some reconfiguration i.e. Outlook, Excel add-ins etc. As I took over the systems admin role from another administrator, I would like to know what is the easiest way to find out (either through a third party or some Windows administrative tool) what settings are carried over if the profile is a Roaming Profile. I tested creating a new user profile for one of my users and it seems basic Outlook settings such as the user's mailbox and PSTs are carried over automatically when I create a new user profile. I suspect this is done through a batch file loaded as part of the login script. However, my knowledge of scripting is limited and I don't want any corruptions to be carried over to the new profile. Can someone share their experiences on this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Strange performance differences in read/write from/to USB flash drive

    - by Mario De Schaepmeester
    When copying files from my 8GB USB 2.0 flash drive with Windows 7 to a traditional hard drive, the average speed is between 25 and 30 MB/s. When doing the reverse, copying to the USB drive, the speed is 5MB/s average. I have tested this with about 4.5GB of files, a mixture of smaller and larger ones. The observations were the same on both FAT32 and exFAT file systems on the USB drive, NTFS on the internal hard disk. I don't think I can be mistaken in saying that flash memory has a lot higher performance than a spinning hard drive in both terms of reading and writing. For both memory types, reading should be faster than writing too. Now I wonder, how can it be that copying files from a fast read memory to a faster write memory is actually slower than copying files from a fast read memory to a slow write memory? I think that the files are stored in RAM before being copied over too, and there's caching as well, but I don't see how even that could tip the balance. It can only be in the advantage of writing to the USB drive, since it is "closer" to the SATA system than the USB port and it will receive data from the internal SATA HDD faster. Perhaps my way of thinking is all wrong or it just depends on the manufacturer of the USB pen. But I am curious.

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  • How do I get a Mac to request a new IP address from another DHCP server running in parallel while Ne

    - by huyqt
    Hello, I have an interesting situation. I'm trying to us a Linux based machine to allow Mac's to Netboot (similiar to PXE boot) by running a DHCP service in parallel with the "global" DHCP server. The local DHCP server hands out IPs in a private subnet, e.g., 10.168.0.10-10.168.254-254, while the "global" DHCP server hands out IPs from the IP range 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.1.254. The local DHCP range is only supposed to be used in Preboot Execution Environment and Netboot. The local DHCP server is something I have control over, but I do not have access to the global DHCP server. I have a filter to only allow members with the vendor strings "AAPLBSDPC/i386" and "PXEClient". PXE works fine, but Netboot has a quirk. The Apple systems that haven't been connected to the network yet can Netboot fine. But once it grabs a "real" IP address from the global DHCP server, it will "save" it and request it the next time we want it to netboot (which the local dhcp server won't give it). This is what I want: Mar 30 10:52:28 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1 Mar 30 10:52:29 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 10.168.222.46 to 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1 Mar 30 10:52:31 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.168.222.46 (10.168.0.1) from 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1 Mar 30 10:52:31 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPACK on 10.168.222.46 to 34:15:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1 Mar 30 10:52:32 dev01 in.tftpd[5890]: tftp: client does not accept options Mar 30 10:52:53 dev01 in.tftpd[5891]: tftp: client does not accept options Mar 30 10:52:53 dev01 in.tftpd[5893]: tftp: client does not accept options Mar 30 10:52:54 dev01 in.tftpd[5895]: tftp: client does not accept options This is what I get when it already has a "stored" IP: Mar 30 10:51:29 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:25:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1 Mar 30 10:51:30 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 10.168.222.45 to 00:25:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1 Mar 30 10:51:31 dev01 dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 10.0.0.61 (10.0.0.1) from 00:25:xx:xx:xx:xx via eth1: ignored (not authoritative). Do you have any suggestions? It would be much appreciated.

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  • how to cause linux system datetime to run faster than real world datetime?

    - by JamesThomasMoon1979
    Background I want to monitor a running linux system over several days. It's a custom gentoo build and with much custom software on board. This software has ongoing maintenance timers and cron scripts and other clock driven events. I need to verify these scheduled events are working. Problem Waiting for the system to step through daily and weekly activity is a long wait time. And modifying all clock-based timers on the system would be time consuming. Yet, I often want to test a system's end-to-end scheduled activities without waiting a week. Potential Solution Have the linux system under test appear to run through it's daily cycle of activity within just a few hours. My Question for Serverfault Is there a way to cause the system's time to run faster than real world time? My first thought is manipulating the ntp daemon to repeatedly and smoothly increment the clock . Any other ideas? And yes, I know this may have strange side affects. However, the system has no important or time critical interactions with systems outside of itself. And this may be a valuable testing technique.

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  • suggestions for firewall/router project using *BSD or Linux

    - by Adeodatus
    Hi All, I have a project in mind and I'd love to hear some ideas on some open source solutions with COTS hardware. I have a few 24 and/or 48 port managed layer2 switches with customers potentially on each port (though its usually about 20-30). Right now the switch has a bridged network and backhaul the traffic to our core to a centralized DHCP server. I need to move them to a NAT solution and, while doing this, I'd like to protect the customers on each port from the customer traffic on the other ports. I also need to be able to port forward from the public side of the firewall/nat box to specific hardware on the inside of the nat machine (easy enough, I know). My first thoughts are to build an appliance-like box (the fewer moving parts the better) that can do filtering and NAT with rfc1918 an address range being handed out via a DHCP server on the appliance. A caching DNS server on the appliance would be a plus since we backhaul everything to the core. I'd like to run FreeBSD but I'm open. Now, to try to limit the broadcast traffic thats visible I was thinking of doing each port on the switch as a different vlan and have the switch do trunking to the private NIC on the FreeBSD/appliance. I'd probably need to do some magic on the freebsd NIC to get this working but it should. We have the parts to build these systems. So, does this make sense? Are there any other solutions out there that we don't have to spend money on but can use our parts to create something? Are there any good distros that could do this already (monowall)?? I may or may not admin this solution so a secure web configuration and management tool would be a plus in the other admins' minds. Thoughts?

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  • How to avoid Windows Genuine Advantage for an XP update?

    - by hlovdal
    I am about to apply updates to a windows xp installation I have not booted in a couple of years. When going to update.microsoft.com, it forced me first to accept an activex installation and now it wants me to install wga: Windows Update To use this latest version of Windows Update, you will need to upgrade some of its components. This version provides you with the following enhancements to our service: <... useless list of "advantages" ... Details Windows Genuine Advantage Validation Tool (KB892130) 1.1 MB , less than 1 minute The Windows Genuine Advantage Validation Tool enables you to verify that your copy of Microsoft Windows is genuine. The tool validates your Windows installation by checking Windows Product Identification and Product Activation status. Update for Windows XP (KB898461) 477 KB , less than 1 minute This update installs a permanent copy of Package Installer for Windows to enable software updates to have a significantly smaller download size. The Package Installer facilitates the install of software updates for Microsoft Windows operating systems and other Microsoft products. After you install this update, you may have to restart your system. Total: 1.5 MB , less than 1 minute I have heard nothing but bad things about wga, and I absolutely do not want it installed on my system (this answer seems to give some options). Searching for "windows xp" at microsoft's web pages brought up this page which says Windows XP Service Pack 3 Network Installation Package for IT Professionals and Developers Brief Description This installation package is intended for IT professionals and developers downloading and installing on multiple computers on a network. If you're updating just one computer, please visit Windows Update at http://update.microsoft.com . ... File Name: WindowsXP-KB936929-SP3-x86-ENU.exe I am currently downloading this file. Will installing this bring my installation up to date with security updates? What about later updates whenever a new problem is discovered, how can i update without using wga?

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  • Can an image based backup potentially corrupt data?

    - by ServerAdminGuy45
    I'm considering doing image based backups (Acronis) on production Windows systems during non-peak hours. I'm just wondering if they can potentially lead to application data corruption. Lets say that I have a database that is getting hit pretty hard. Could I potentially have the beginning blocks of the database be commit ed to the image, data inserted into the db (which changes the beginning blocks of the DB on the server but not the image), then the blocks of data committed to the image (leading to an inconsistent state). Here's an example of what I'm trying to illustrate. Imagine a simple data structure which has a number in the front which represents the number of "a"s in a file. The number and data are delimited by a "-". For example: 4-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuaoffffa If an "a" is changed, the datastructure resets the number in the begining of the file such as: 3-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuboffffa I assume acronis writes block by block being a straight up image so here is what i'm invisioning happening with my database t0: 4-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuaoffffa ^pointer is here t1: 4-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuaoffffa ^pointer is here (all data before this is comitted to the image) t2: 4-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuboffffa ^pointer is here (all data before this is comitted to the image) Also notice how one of the "a"s change to a b. There are only 3 "a"s now t3: 4-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuboffffa ^pointer is here (all data before this is comitted to the image) The final image now reads "4-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuboffffa", while the true data is "3-ajjjjjjjajuuuuuuuboffffa" leading to a corrupt "database". Basically changes further down the blockchain could be reflected in the image, while important header and synchronization could already be committed. The out of date header information doesn't accurately reflect the structure of the blocks to come.

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