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• mdadm+zfs vs mdadm+lvm

  - by Alex

  This may be a naive question since I'm new to this and I cannot find any results about mdadm+zfs, but after some testing it seems it might work: The use case is a server with RAID6 for some data that is backed-up somewhat infrequently. I think I'm well served by any of ZFS or RAID6. Platform is Linux. Performance is secondary. So the two setups I am considering are: A RAID6 array plus regular LVM and ext4 A RAID6 array plus ZFS (without redundancy). Is this second option that I don't see discussed at all. Why ZFS+RAID6? It's mainly because the inability of ZFS to grow a raidz2 with new disks. You can replace disks with larger ones, I know, but not add another disk. You can accomplish 2-disk redundancy and ZFS disk growth using mdadm as the redundancy layer. Besides that main point (otherwise I could go directly to raidz2 without RAID under it), these are the pros-cons that I see for each option: ZFS has snapshots without preallocated space. LVM requires preallocation (might be no longer true). ZFS has checksumming (very interested in this) and compression (nice bonus). LVM has online filesystem growth (ZFS can do it offline with export/mdadm --grow/import). LVM has encryption (ZFS-on-Linux has not). This is the only major con of this combo I see. I guess I could go RAID6+LVM+ZFS... seems too heavy, or not? So, to close with a proper question: 1) Is there anything that inherently discourages or precludes RAID6+ZFS? Anyone has experience with a setup like this? 2) Are there possibilities for checksumming and compression that would make ZFS unnecessary (maintaining the possibility of filesystem growth)? Because the RAID6+LVM combo seems the sanctioned, tested way.

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• How do I improve my incremental-backup performance?

  - by Alistair Bell

  I'm currently using the traditional rsync+cp -al method to create incremental/snapshot backups of our server tree. The backups are going onto a pair of eight-disk towers connected to the backup machine (a Sandy Bridge machine with 16 GB of RAM, running CentOS 5.5) via four eSATA connections (four disks per connection). Each disk is a regular 2 TB disk, so we have 32 TB of disk space connected to the backup machine. We're backing up about 20 TB of data on the servers with this. The problem is that each daily backup is taking more than 24 hours, and the real time-killer isn't the actual rsync, but the time it takes to perform a cp -al of the tree locally on the backup machine. It's taking more than 12 hours just to make the shadow copy of the tree, and as far as I can tell the performance backlog is at the disk (top shows the cp using a lot of RAM but not a lot of CPU and mostly in uninterruptible-sleep state) We have the server data split into four major volumes (and a few minor ones), and each of these backups runs in parallel (with some offsets in the cron to try to get some disks' cp done first). There are two volumes on the backup drive, both striped LVM volumes of 16 TB each. So obviously I need to improve the performance because it's unusable as it stands. The first question is: when CentOS 6 comes out, with support for btrfs, will making snapshots of subvolumes with btrfs substantially increase this performance? The second is: is there a way, with ext3 or something else supported in CentOS 5 or 6, to 'encourage' it to put the directories/inodes in one part of a volume (which could happen to be the part that's on an SSD, via LVM) and the files in another? That would presumably solve the problem, but I don't know of ways to hint ext3 like that.

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• Can't get an IBM xSeries 345 server to load Windows Server 2003 using ServerGuide utility

  - by Kyle Noland

  I have a client that has an IBM xSeries 345 eServer. Per the IBM support website, I have downloaded the ServerGuide Setup 7.4.17 installation ISO and burned a bootable CD. The CD boots fine and loads the utility. I walk through the following screens without any issue: Set the date and Time Detect the IBM ServeRAID card and install the latest firmware Clear the hard disks Set up the RAID array The next step is format the NOS partition. I select my partition size and the utility goes through the following steps: Creating NOS partition Formatting NOS partition (NTFS) Copying W32 files The copying W32 files takes about 10 minutes. I see the CD drive and disks working hard. When the copying is complete, I'm taken to a blank page just NOS Partitioning at the top. At the bottom of the screen are the familiar Back and Exit buttons. I see the place where the Next button should be, and if I click on it I can tell there is something there, but the space is empty. No button is displayed and clicking the empty spot doesn't ever take me to the next screen. I can't load the OS until I get past this part. I have already tried: Burning multiple copies and versions of the ServerGuide CD Letting the final screen just sit there over the weekend thinking it might advance after syncing the drives or something Has anybody else seen this? I'm really at a loss here. EDIT: I found another person who has the exact same problem as me: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/forums/thread.jspa?messageID=14451763

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• Solaris: detect hotswap SATA disk insert

  - by growse

  What's the method used on Solaris to get the system to rescan for new disks that have been hot-plugged on a SATA controller? I've got an HP X1600 NAS which had 9 drives configred in a ZFS pool. I've added 3 disks, but the format command still only shows the original 9. When I plugged them in, I saw this: cpqary3: [ID 823470 kern.notice] NOTICE: Smart Array P212 Controller cpqary3: [ID 823470 kern.notice] Hot-plug drive inserted, Port=1I Box=1 Bay=12 cpqary3: [ID 479030 kern.notice] Configured Drive ? ....... NO cpqary3: [ID 100000 kern.notice] cpqary3: [ID 823470 kern.notice] NOTICE: Smart Array P212 Controller cpqary3: [ID 823470 kern.notice] Hot-plug drive inserted, Port=1I Box=1 Bay=11 cpqary3: [ID 479030 kern.notice] Configured Drive ? ....... NO cpqary3: [ID 100000 kern.notice] cpqary3: [ID 823470 kern.notice] NOTICE: Smart Array P212 Controller cpqary3: [ID 823470 kern.notice] Hot-plug drive inserted, Port=1I Box=1 Bay=10 cpqary3: [ID 479030 kern.notice] Configured Drive ? ....... NO But can't figure out how to get the format command to see them so I know they've been detected by the system.

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• Looking for a comprehensive/"expert" guide to BCD parameters

  - by Stilez

  I'm interested in educating myself about BCD on Windows 8. There are many, many "walkthrough" guides" and "howtos", but I can't find any guides at typical "enthusiast" level covering what each option or argument in a BCD /ENUM dump might mean, and the principles governing how these all work together. Imagine trying to rebuild or debug BCD (including EFI/BIOS variants and recovery/hibernate/memtest sections, and perhaps multiple boot Windows/WinPE/WinRE) from scratch using just BCDedit + DiskPart, and trying to understand rather than just copy/pasting commands. That's roughly the knowledge I'm after. Example questions might be: How is a BCD /ENUM dump to be read, item by item? How do its sections work together? (A lot of guides only show a specific example rather than explaining all the all common args that can exist and what they mean, they don't actually explain how sections work together, or they assume MBR/BIOS/Vista/7 and omit info needed for EFI/GPT/Dynamic disks/8) Partitions are specified by volume letter or as a \Device\HarddiskVolumeNNN. Why does it sometimes show these items as a letter and sometimes as a GUID? What are the practical differences if any? What exactly is syntax like "ramdisk=[C:]\Images\winpe.wim,{ramdiskoptions}" saying, and how will the drive letter "C" be interpreted at runtime in a line like this? Is the drive in such a line always "C:" (most examples assume so) and if not, when wouldn't it be? Many websites state that an sdi device and path may be needed in some sections of BCD, but what is sdi and what are these args doing when they appear? How does the GUID to HDD volume/partition mapping work under EFI/GPT? So that if disks or partitions/volumes change it's clear how one can confirm from basic principles whether data shown in BCD /ENUM ALL is still correct or not. Does anyone know of a suitable reference source for this kind of raw BCD data and structures? Thanks!

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• Real-time local backup with versioning on Windows 7/8

  - by Borda

  I'm looking for a reliable backup solution on Windows, something with a feature set similar to Yadis. I've been using CrashPlan for 2 months, but their software lost more than 1TB of my data, that's why I'm looking for alternatives. Requirements: Real-time folder-to-folder backup: I don't need online features, I want to use this to duplicate my files between my local disks. Versioning support: Should be able to choose how many versions to keep of the files. Plain backup: I'd like to be able to open the backup without special software. No proprietary file format. External disk support: Shouldn't have any problem using external disks, at least on the source side. Backup every file, even locked/system files. (Yadis fails this one) Should start automatically, and have a comfortable GUI. Should use actively maintained and/or popular software. I don't want to use discontinued products. Optional requirements: Low RAM usage I'm not really comfortable with something that eats 1GB of my RAM. Compression support Preferably ZIP, but I'm not picky about this. Any ordinary everyday format is acceptable. Freeware or Open Source Preferred, but not necessary. I can do a one-time payment within reasonable bounds. (preferably under $100) I only need Windows support, but if it works on Linux, that's a plus. I've already searched and tried lots of software, most of them failed at the plain backup, the versioning or the locked file backup requirements.

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• "cannot receive new filesystem stream: invalid backup stream" error when unpacking flash archive on solaris 10

  - by Bovril

  I've searched around but i'm having no luck with some peculiar behavior with a flash archive. I'm using HP Server Automation 9.14 to deploy the OS. I'm creating a Solaris 10 flash archive to create a snapshot default build in our environment. I create the flash archive with # flar create -c -S -n g8-solaris10-u10 g8-solaris10-u10.flar It seems to create the file without any problems (exit status 0). When deploying to a new system (same hardware), it extracts to a point and then bails. The last error in the log I can see is Extracted 2047.00 MB ( 82% of 2488.98 MB archive) ERROR: Could not read file (172.27.118.100:/media/opsware/sunos/flar/g8-solaris10-u10.flar ERROR: Errors occurred during the extraction of flash archive. The file /tmp/flash_errors contains the list of errors encountered ERROR: Could not extract Flash archive ERROR: Flash installation failed The error log contained the following message cannot receive new filesystem stream: invalid backup stream A previous version of this flash archive (1.8gb) worked ok, so I suspect size may be a factor. The source system (the one the flash archive is an image of) is an HP BL460C GEN8 some more info below. OS version Info # uname -a SunOS testhostname 5.10 Generic_147441-01 i86pc i386 i86pc # who -r . run-level 3 Oct 15 08:15 3 0 S disks # echo | format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c0t0d0 <DEFAULT cyl 17841 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci8086,3c06@2,2/pci103c,3355@0/sd@0,0 Specify disk (enter its number): Specify disk (enter its number): zpools # zpool list NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE CAP HEALTH ALTROOT rpool 136G 24.6G 111G 18% ONLINE - Zones # zoneadm list -cv ID NAME STATUS PATH BRAND IP 0 global running / native shared The file size of 2047 seems suspiciously close to 2048, which is concerning. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks

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• SQL Server 2005 standard filegroups / files for performance on SAN

  - by Blootac

  I submitted this to stack overflow (here) but realised it should really be on serverfault. so apologies for the incorrect and duplicate posting: Ok so I've just been on a SQL Server course and we discussed the usage scenarios of multiple filegroups and files when in use over local RAID and local disks but we didn't touch SAN scenarios so my question is as follows; I currently have a 250 gig database running on SQL Server 2005 where some tables have a huge number of writes and others are fairly static. The database and all objects reside in a single file group with a single data file. The log file is also on the same volume. My interpretation is that separate data files should be used across different disks to lessen disk contention and that file groups should be used for partitioning of data. However, with a SAN you obviously don't really have the same issue of disk contention that you do with a small RAID setup (or at least we don't at the moment), and standard edition doesn't support partitioning. So in order to improve parallelism what should I do? My understanding of various Microsoft publications is that if I increase the number of data files, separate threads can act across each file separately. Which leads me to the question how many files should I have. One per core? Should I be putting tables and indexes with high levels of activity in separate file groups, each with the same number of data files as we have cores? Thank you

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• Xen guests accessing LUNs

  - by mechcow

  We are using RHEL5.3 with a Clarion SAN attached by FC. Our situation is that we have a number of LUNs presented to Hosts and we want to dynamically present the LUNs to Xen Guests. We are not sure on what the best practice approach is to set this up. The Xen guests will form a cluster together and need the LUNs only for data partitions, i.e. when they are actively running services. So one approach would be to always present all disks to all Xen guests, and then rely up on the cluster software, and mount itself, to not mount the disk twice in two locations. This sounds kinda risky and also is not very secure (one cracked guest can see/destroy all the data). Another approach would be to dynamically add and remove the disks from the Xen guests at the dom0 level (using xm block-attach). This could work but sounds slightly complicated, I'm wondering whether Red Hat Cluster Suite supports this in some way or whether there are scripts to do this. Yet another approach would be to have the LUNs endpointed at the Xen guests themselves - I'm not sure whether this is technically possible since the multipathing has to be done at the Host level.

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• Kerberos service on win2k dc will not start following disk failure

  - by iwilson68

  Hi, I have a win2k (mixed mode domain) with 4 DCS. One of these also acts an exchange 2000 server which uses 2 logical volumes from an MSA 2000 array. AD etc is stored on local drives. We experienced a problem last week when the raid array fell back to a redundant controller and this temporarily meant that the two logical drives were not visible to the server for around 5 minutes and a couple of reboots. The log records these Events as Type: Warning Event Source: Disk Event Category: None Event ID: 51 Date: 06/11/2009 Time: 11:46:23 User: N/A Computer: server1 Description: An error was detected on device \Device\Harddisk1\DR1 during a paging operation. Following these problems, the server “kerberos Key Distribution” service refuses to start with an “error.31 a device attached to the system is not functioning”. All other automatic start services (including net logon) are running and there are no DNS issues etc. All devices are also functioning but the two logical MSA disks are now numbered in the Windows Disk Management MMC as 2 and 4 and I suspect that they may have previously been identified as disks 1 & 2 and perhaps windows still sees this as an ongoing failure?? Replication has not been affected but obviously there are many audit failures in the security log relating to users and workstations presumably linked to the Kerberos issue. Attempting to manually start the kerberos service generates the following in the System Log. Event Type: Error Event Source: Service Control Manager Event Category: None Event ID: 7023 Date: 09/11/2009 Time: 09:46:55 User: N/A Computer: Server1 Description: The Kerberos Key Distribution Center service terminated with the following error: A device attached to the system is not functioning. DCDIAG passes all tests except “Advertising” and “Services” which I believe relate directly to the failure of Kerberos only. Any advice would be appreciated.

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• Can't get an IBM xSeries 345 server to load Windows Server 2003 using ServerGuide utility

  - by Kyle Noland

  I have a client that has an IBM xSeries 345 eServer. Per the IBM support website, I have downloaded the ServerGuide Setup 7.4.17 installation ISO and burned a bootable CD. The CD boots fine and loads the utility. I walk through the following screens without any issue: Set the date and Time Detect the IBM ServeRAID card and install the latest firmware Clear the hard disks Set up the RAID array The next step is format the NOS partition. I select my partition size and the utility goes through the following steps: Creating NOS partition Formatting NOS partition (NTFS) Copying W32 files The copying W32 files takes about 10 minutes. I see the CD drive and disks working hard. When the copying is complete, I'm taken to a blank page just NOS Partitioning at the top. At the bottom of the screen are the familiar Back and Exit buttons. I see the place where the Next button should be, and if I click on it I can tell there is something there, but the space is empty. No button is displayed and clicking the empty spot doesn't ever take me to the next screen. I can't load the OS until I get past this part. I have already tried: Burning multiple copies and versions of the ServerGuide CD Letting the final screen just sit there over the weekend thinking it might advance after syncing the drives or something Has anybody else seen this? I'm really at a loss here.

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• Does a 3ware "ECC-ERROR" matter on a JBOD when I have ZFS?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I have a FreeBSD 8.x machine running ZFS and with a 3ware 9690SA controller. The 3ware controller shows an ECC-ERROR with one of the disks: //host> /c0 show VPort Status Unit Size Type Phy Encl-Slot Model ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p0 OK u0 279.39 GB SAS 0 - SEAGATE ST3300657SS p1 OK u0 279.39 GB SAS 1 - SEAGATE ST3300657SS p2 OK u1 931.51 GB SAS 2 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS p3 ECC-ERROR u2 931.51 GB SAS 3 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS p4 OK u3 931.51 GB SAS 4 - SEAGATE ST31000640SS /c0 show events shows no ECC errors in it's recent history. ZFS does not currently detect any errors. zpool status says No known data errors My question: Is this ECC-ERROR something that I need to be concerned about? According to the 3ware CLI 9.5.2 Manual, an ECC-ERROR means that the 3ware controller caught a read-error for one or more sectors on this drive. This sometimes occurs when a RAID array is recovering from a failed disk. I believe that ECC-ERRORS can also be detected when the 3ware Controller verifies each disk. None of the drives have failed and thus there was no drive rebuild, so I assume that 3ware discovered a bad sector when it ran it's weekly auto-verify scan of the disks. Is this a safe assumption? According to our logs, ZFS has not detected any bad sectors on this drive. ZFS can work around read errors -- if ZFS detects a bad sector on the drive, it will simply mark that sector as bad and never use it again. From the ZFS perspective one bad sector isn't a big deal, although it might indicate that the drive is starting to go bad.

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• Windows 7 doesn't boot when second hard disk is connected

  - by kenshin9786

  I'm sorry for my bad english on beforehand. I have two hard disks, one SATA and another IDE. I have windows XP and 7 on the SATA one, and Ubuntu on the IDE. Both of them boots and works, bios recognizes them, just works. After I installed Windows 7, and connected the IDE drive, it freezes on "Starting Windows" (the black screen with the Windows logo). I unplug the IDE drive, and it starts normally. Windows XP starts normally on both situations (with or without the IDE one connected), same for Ubuntu (it works with both disks connected or just the IDE where it is). The IDE drive is on good status according to SMART. The IDE is first on boot order. It goes to the Ubuntu's grub first, then by default it goes to the Windows 7 bootloader, and then to XP. I think the problem is not about the bootloader or grub. I just read that it can be solved formatting the "problematic" hard disk because Windows 7 cannot handle so many active partitions or something like that. But that's not an option for me, I don't want to lose my Ubuntu nor have it unbootable. How can I solve this without this consecuences I mentioned? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Disk IO slow on ESXi, even slower on a VM (freeNAS + iSCSI)

  - by varesa

  I have a server with ESXi 5 and iSCSI attached network storage(4x1Tb Raid-Z on freenas 8.0.4). Those two machines are connected to each other with Gigabit ethernet. The raid-z volume is divided into three parts: two zvols, shared with iscsi, and one directly on top of zfs, shared with nfs and similar. I ssh'd into the freeNAS box, and did some testing on the disks. I used ddto test the third part of the disks (straight on top of ZFS). I copied a 4GB (2x the amount of RAM) block from /dev/zero to the disk, and the speed was 80MB/s. Other of the iSCSI shared zvols is a datastore for the ESXi. I did similar test with time dd .. there. Since the dd there did not give the speed, I divided the amount of data transfered by the time show by time. The result was around 30-40 MB/s. Thats about half of the speed from the freeNAS host! Then I tested the IO on a VM running on the same ESXi host. The VM was a light CentOS 6.0 machine, which was not really doing anything else at that time. There were no other VMs running on the server at the time, and the other two "parts" of the disk array were not used. A similar dd test gave me result of about 15-20 MB/s. That is again about half of the result on a lower level! Of course the is some overhead in raid-z - zfs - zvolume - iSCSI - VMFS - VM, but I don't expect it to be that big. I belive there must be something wrong in my system. I have heard about bad performance of freeNAS's iSCSI, is that it? I have not managed to get any other "big" SAN OS to run on the box (NexentaSTOR, openfiler). Can you see any obvious problems with my setup?

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• Windows xp recovery console without Ntfs.sys? (0x00000024 BSOD)

  - by Kalle

  I have two physical disks in a computer, for simlicity lets call them C and D. C: got Windows XP and D: got some data. The problem is that whenever i have D: connected i can't boot windows. I get some BSOD called 0x00000024/NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM. Same thing if i boot up windows with D: disconnected and then connect it once windows has loaded. The KB article about this problem says that i have to run chkdsk but i can't get to somewhere where i can run this because i get a BSOD whenever the disk is connected! Even the recovery-console BSODs if D: is connected. The final option in the KB is to boot the computer on Windows 2000 Setup disks where you edit some file to manually disable the ntfs.sys driver and then run chkdsk. The problem is that i don't have any floppy drive. Is there any way to boot the built in recovery console with ntfs.sys disabled or to burn the floppy version to a cd after you've extracted and modified it on the harddrive? Right now the Windows xp bootable floppy creator(2) is asking me which floppy drive to extract to which i can't answer because i have none :/ Other solutions to the root problem is also appreciated :) (2) ht tp://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=55820edb-5039-4955-bcb7-4fed408ea73f&displaylang=en

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• Recovering Data from a Linkstation LS-WXL/R1

  - by kingkool68

  I've been running a Buffalo Linkstation LS-WXL/R1 in RAID1 for a few weeks. Two nights ago we had a brief power outage. Yesterday when I tried to mount the disk it couldn't be found. I logged in to the web admin and it couldn't see any storage attached and no arrays available. Well this sucks. I ended up taking the disks out and mounting them to an Ubuntu virtual machine. They how up as an Array but I can't start the Array to the best of my limited knowledge. I could still see the 6 partitions, so I'm confident the data is there. I can use Photorec (http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec) to recover most of the files I want, it just takes some time. Could I make an image of the data partition and mount that in Ubuntu so I can get at the data I want through the file system? 95% of the data on my Linkstation LS-WXL/R1 is backup. I just put a few folders of images on there that I need to get back. I'm already preparing to format the disks when I'm done and re-building the RAID1 array from scratch. Any advice would be appreciated.

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• PostgreSQL 8.4 - Tablespace Optimization

  - by FloE

  I'm currently running a PostgreSQL Database with about 1.5 billion rows / 500 GB of data (including indices). There are several schemata: on for the (read only, irregular changes / updates) 'core-model' and one for every user (about 20 persons). The users can access the core and store data in their own schema, so everything is located in one database. The server runs with CentOS and PostgreSQL 8.4 and is used for scientific studies, exploration etc and is running quite well. These days an upgrade of the DB storage hard disks arrive - all with the same performance as the old ones. I'm looking for the best way to distribute the data on these disks. It would be possible to separate frequently used objects (the core-data) from the user schemata, but I'm not sure if this is really worth the effort. It seems to be a much better idea to move the WAL files (pg_xlog directory) to its own partition. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/wal-internals.html What are your opinions? Are there any tablespace- or partitioning-related performance documentations / benchmarks?

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• SQL Server 2005 standard filegroups / files for performance on SAN

  - by Blootac

  Ok so I've just been on a SQL Server course and we discussed the usage scenarios of multiple filegroups and files when in use over local RAID and local disks but we didn't touch SAN scenarios so my question is as follows; I currently have a 250 gig database running on SQL Server 2005 where some tables have a huge number of writes and others are fairly static. The database and all objects reside in a single file group with a single data file. The log file is also on the same volume. My interpretation is that separate data files should be used across different disks to lessen disk contention and that file groups should be used for partitioning of data. However, with a SAN you obviously don't really have the same issue of disk contention that you do with a small RAID setup (or at least we don't at the moment), and standard edition doesn't support partitioning. So in order to improve parallelism what should I do? My understanding of various Microsoft publications is that if I increase the number of data files, separate threads can act across each file separately. Which leads me to the question how many files should I have. One per core? Should I be putting tables and indexes with high levels of activity in separate file groups, each with the same number of data files as we have cores? Thank you

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• Dell PERC 5 - RAID-10 keeps rebuilding drive 2 every day

  - by raid question

  I have a Dell PowerEdge 2950 with this card: RAID bus controller [0104]: Dell PowerEdge Expandable RAID controller 5 [1028:0015] and six disks in a RAID-10. I replaced drive 2, because it didn't show up, and then it started to rebuild itself: root@backup01:~# megaraidsas-status -- Arrays informations -- -- ID | Type | Size | Status a0d0 | RAID 10 | 5587GiB | DEGRADED -- Disks informations -- ID | Model | Status | Warnings a0e8s0 | ATA ST2000DM001-9YN1 1863GiB | online | errs: media:0 other:5393 a0e8s1 | ATA ST2000DM001-9YN1 1863GiB | online | errs: media:0 other:5394 a0e8s2 | ATA ST2000DM001-1E61 1863GiB | rebuild | errs: media:0 other:99 a0e8s3 | ATA ST2000DM001-9YN1 1863GiB | online | errs: media:0 other:5393 a0e8s4 | ATA ST2000DM001-9YN1 1863GiB | online | errs: media:0 other:5393 a0e8s5 | ATA ST2000DM001-9YN1 1863GiB | online | errs: media:0 other:5393 The rebuild finishes, then the virtual drive becomes optimal, and drive 2 goes online. Then once a day, drive 2 acts like it's been removed, and the rebuild starts all over again. How do I make this once a day rebuild stop? Event Description: Removed: PD 02(e1/s2) Event Description: Removed: PD 02(e1/s2) Info: enclPd=08, scsiType=0, portMap=04, sasAddr=1221000002000000,0000000000000000 Event Description: State change on VD 00/0 from OPTIMAL(3) to DEGRADED(2) Event Description: VD 00/0 is now DEGRADED1 Event Description: State change on PD 02(e1/s2) from ONLINE(18) to FAILED(11) Event Description: State change on PD 02(e1/s2) from FAILED(11) to UNCONFIGURED_BAD(1) Event Description: Background Initialization failed on VD 00/0 Event Description: Inserted: PD 02(e1/s2) Event Description: Inserted: PD 02(e1/s2) Info: enclPd=08, scsiType=0, portMap=04, sasAddr=1221000002000000,0000000000000000 Event Description: PD 02(e1/s2) is not a certified drive Event Description: State change on PD 02(e1/s2) Event Description: State change on PD 02(e1/s2) from UNCONFIGURED_GOOD(0) to OFFLINE(10) from UNCONFIGURED_BAD(1) to UNCONFIGURED_GOOD(0) Event Description: Rebuild automatically started on PD 02(e1/s2) Event Description: State change on PD 02(e1/s2) from OFFLINE(10) to REBUILD(14)

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• Home server hard drive: 186k start-stop cycles in 325 days?

  - by j-g-faustus

  I set up a home server about a year ago, using Ubuntu server (10.04 LTS at the moment), four disks in RAID 5 for storage (WD Green 1.5 TB) and a laptop drive for the OS. Today the output of smartctl, a command line utility for checking the SMART attributes of a hard drive, tells me that the primary OS drive has had no less than 186,000 start-stop cycles in 325 days and may be nearing the end of its lifespan. The smartctl output is in "normalized values", in this case a number between 200 and 000, where 200 is "brand new" and 000 means "worn out". My disk gets 001. So I wonder what happened: 186k start/stop cycles in 7820 hours is about one start/stop per 2.5 minutes around the clock. This seems somewhat excessive for a computer that sees actual use once or twice per day. (The RAID disks are normal, averaging to one start/stop per day, as expected.) Does anyone have similar experiences, or pointers to what might be the issue here? Specifically I'd like to know Why the massive start/stop count? Do I have some sort of configuration issue? Could there be a background service that is causing trouble? Could having a laptop disk as the OS drive be part of the problem? Can anyone confirm or deny this? Here is the /etc/hdparm.conf configuration /dev/sda { apm = 127 spindown_time = 120 } and the most relevant parts of smartctl --attributes /dev/sda: smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 185875 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 090 090 000 Old_age Always - 7820 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 109 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 118 118 000 Old_age Always - 246833 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 107 098 000 Old_age Always - 36 As I generally prefer my drives to last more than a year, any advice is appreciated.

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• Extend RAID 1 (HP SmartArray P410i) running Linux

  - by Oliver

  I took over a fairly simple server setup with the following RAID 1 config running Ubuntu 11.10 (Kernel 3.0.0-12-server x86_64): => ctrl all show config Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: removed) array A (SAS, Unused Space: 1335535 MB) logicaldrive 1 (279.4 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 1 TB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 1 TB, OK) Initially there were two 300GB disks that got replaced by 1TB disks and I now have to extend the logical volume to use that extra space. However, when trying to do so I get the following warning: => ctrl slot=0 ld 1 modify size=max Warning: Extension may not be supported on certain operating systems. Performing extension on these operating systems can cause data to become inaccessible. See ACU documentation for details. Continue? (y/n) Is it safe to say yes or am I at risk of corrupting the file system / loosing data? Rearranging and extending the file system afterwards shouldn't be an issue as I can take the server offline and boot from a gparted live disk. Here's the config of the RAID controller in use: => ctrl all show detail Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: removed RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Disabled Controller Status: OK Hardware Revision: Rev C Firmware Version: 5.12 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: False Drive Write Cache: Disabled SATA NCQ Supported: True And the partition table: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 274GB 274GB primary ext4 boot 2 274GB 300GB 25.8GB extended 5 274GB 300GB 25.8GB logical linux-swap(v1)

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• Auto-rebuild RAID6 with MDADM

  - by user65632

  Hello everybody, i'm new in this forum, and because I see that a lot of people get helped here, i'll ask my question here! I have a openSUSE 11.3 Linux computer with 5 disks of 1TB (WD enterprise disks) in it. with mdadm I configured an RAID6 device. Now, after a lot of thorough testing, i've noticed that when the computer goes down unsuspectedly it could happen (1 time out of 10) that while booting, the md0 device isn't recognised, and then the machine goes in "recovery mode", which means that i have to 'CTRL + C' it so it can boot to openSUSE. Once in openSUSE i have to readd the drive manually with 'mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdX'. After this everything works back fine (after resynching). So my question is: Is there a way to auto-rebuild the RAID6 device when there are problems? and how can I stop this "recovery mode" from happening. Because the computer will be in a place I can't go to, to connect a keyboard, 'CTRL + C' it just to get in openSUSE. If you could help me, I would be a very very very! happy man! :-) thanks in advance! Mikhail

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• Windows Server 2008 backup VHD's - is it possible to mount/open in Windows 7?

  - by Simon

  Hi All, Is it possible to mount the VHD files created by the Windows Server 2008 backup utility onto a Windows 7 (release) client? Following an array failure I was very worried that there was a problem with both the backup sets on different USB drives as attaching the VHD to a Win 7 box did not show the expected structure (instead they behaved like unformatted disk space). Subsequently, I've attached the backup drive to a 2008r2 machine that I'd intended to be the replacement and the backup set can be browsed without issue (seemingly). When the new disks arrive I'll go through the recovery process and see where we are, but it looks promising so far. Is it simply the case that you can't take server created VHD's and mount them on desktop machines? (Rather than hyper-ventilating at the thought of years of lost photos and email, I'm now just mildly curious) Edit:One thing that has confused things is that the backup utility on Win7 is more restrictive about restoring from external devices than the equivilent on 2008r2. With r2, I can restore files 'from another server' and browse to external storage. Win7 only allows the back to be located on a network share. Once my box of new disks arrive and I've got something to restore onto, I'll move the smaller of the backup VHDs onto network storage reachable by Win7 and see if the VHD is readable. I haven't read up on the VHD process used by the backup app - I'm assuming it's a base VHD and differencing files used for incremental backups and that the restore app understands this. Finally: In retrospect the question should have been, 'can I restore a 2008r2 backup set via a Win 7 client' Thanks

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• How to manage processes-to-CPU cores affinities ?

  - by Philippe

  I use a distributed user-space filesystem (GlusterFS) and I would like to be sure GlusterFS processes will always have the computing power they need. Each execution node of my grid have 2 CPU, with 4 cores per CPU and 2 threads per core (16 "processors" are seen by Linux). My goal is to guarantee that GlusterFS processes have enough processing power to be reliable, responsive and fast. (There is no marketing here, just the dreams of a sysadmin ;-) I consider two main points : GlusterFS processes I/O for data access (on local disks, or remote disks) I thought about binding the Linux Kernel and GlusterFS instances on a specific "processor". I would like to be sure that : No grid job will impact the kernel and the GlusterFS instances Researchers jobs won't be affected by system processes (I'd like to reserve a pool of cores to job execution and be sure that no system process will use these CPUs) But what about I/O ? As we handle a huge amount of data (several terabytes), we'll have a lot of interuptions. How can I distribute these operations on my processors ? What are the "best practices" ? Thanks for your comments!

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• Is wiper.sh working?

  - by Aleksander Blomskøld

  I'm setting up a server running Ubuntu Precise, and I'm trying to verify if SSD TRIM is working. fstrim is failing: ~ sudo fstrim -v / fstrim: /: FITRIM ioctl failed: Operation not supported So I tried wiper.sh in hdparm: wiper-3.5 sudo ./wiper.sh --verbose --commit /dev/sda1 wiper.sh: Linux SATA SSD TRIM utility, version 3.5, by Mark Lord. rootdev=/dev/sda1 fsmode2: fsmode=read-write /: fstype=ext4 freesize = 169502088 KB, reserved = 1695020 KB Preparing for online TRIM of free space on /dev/sda1 (ext4 mounted read-write at /). This operation could silently destroy your data. Are you sure (y/N)? y Creating temporary file (167807068 KB).. Syncing disks.. Beginning TRIM operations.. get_trimlist=/sbin/hdparm --fibmap WIPER_TMPFILE.11503 /dev/sda: trimming 3211263 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded trimming 3571713 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded trimming 3915776 sectors from 64 ranges succeeded (...) trimming 3657913 sectors from 60 ranges succeeded Removing temporary file.. Syncing disks.. Done. It seems to be working, but I'm wondering if it really is. Are there any cases where wiper.sh should work when fstrim isn't? Is there any way I can check if the TRIMing actually has succeeded (other than trusting the wiper.sh-log)?

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