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• linux kernel option to set sata disk to udma/133 1.5gbps

  - by John Doe

  hi, i try to speed up boot time of my linux server box which uses removable HDD rack's the current boot time is around 2 min's but if i connect the hdd's directly to the mainboard its about 2 sec's the problem is that ahci's kernel implementation causes a timeout of around 30 seconds for each disk during boot which originates from the hdd-rack after the timeout the kernel prints that the disk is limited with speed to 1.5gbps and udma/133 is used so the question i have is: how can i set this in grub as a boot option so the kernel doesnt have to wait for a timeout and just hardcoded limits the speed of the disks? i read about a few options like pci=nomsi or such, which dont work thats why im asking for limiting precisely the disks during boot thx

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• Time machine link error

  - by robinjam

  When attempting to perform a Time Machine backup, the backup appears to proceed as normal, until it finishes copying files at which point it complains that an "error occurred while linking files for" one of my external hard disks. During the previous backup that particular disk was in fact empty, and therefore I can't understand why Time Machine is attempting to link back to it. But alas. I've verified all my disks using Disk Utility and they all appear to be fine. Does anybody know what causes this error, and how I might go about fixing it? Failing that is there a way to force Time Machine to create a brand new backup rather than an incremental one? Thanks in advance!

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• Backup and rescue disk creation

  - by Polppan

  I am in the process of backing up my PC using "Macrium backup and restore". I have successfully backed my PC, (both C and D drive) to an external hard disk. I have a question regarding creating rescue disks. I am following the steps as mentioned in this document. If I am creating an ISO file based on the document, how it is relates to the backup I have taken to my external disk ? I see no relation between creating rescue disks and backup data or am I missing something obvious? Any insight will be highly appreciable...

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• Dell Powervault MD3000 - Not sharing Files between servers

  - by Kevin

  I'm a developer who has to set up a Dell Powervault MD3000 due to lack of resources. I have connected the Powervault to 2 Dell 2950 servers via the SAS cables. I performed the setup using Dell's MD Storage Manager software (4 disks, RAID 5 with hot spare). Then I added the disks using Windows 2003 disk management (Basic, not dynamic disk and formatted with NTFS). When I add files to the array from one server, they are not visible on the other server (and vice-versa). Is the error in the windows disk management configuration?

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• How can I create a consistent snapshot of tmpfs?

  - by netvope

  How can I create a consistent snapshot of tmpfs or any RAM disks?

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• Datacenter Backup Strategy

  - by EasyEcho

  What are common approaches to backup solutions in remote data centers? I am already familiar with general backup principals and have a very good backup strategy for our local data center but am having great difficulty extending it to a remote data center. We currently do a full backup on Friday, differential Mon - Thu, rotate offsite Friday morning ...rinse and repeat week after week. BTW, we use disks and have been very happy with this approach. We could buy a large storage server and backup everything to it, but this solution doesn't give you offsite. We could encrypt and upload to Amazon or some other online storage but that would take a large amount of time given the data and would be rather expensive paying for the bandwidth leaving the data center and receiving at amazon. We could drive to the data center every Friday and continue to rotate disks as we do now. But that just seems old fashion. What am I missing, are there better options?

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• Why has ESXi 5.0 not used the software RAID configuration on my test server?

  - by kafka

  I've got a test server which was running WS 2008 Enterprise on the bare metal. It was correctly using the software RAID 1 configuration (2x250 GB disks which appeared as one disk), setup on the Dell Poweredge T110 (which meets compatibility requirements) without requiring any extra setup from me. (As an aside I'm fairly sure it's software RAID, as we didn't spec a hardware RAID controller, if that's of any importance in this situation). I am now testing installing ESXi 5.0 on this server to run some VMs. I've successfully installed ESXi, and imported a VM fine, but it's showing 2 x 250 GB disks available as datastores. However they should be appearing as one volume. When I boot the server, there is a RAID configuration screen you can enter, and I'm guessing this is what I'll have to do at some stage, but now need to be very careful because there is one disk which contains data that I want to be mirrored on the other disk. What is the best thing to do in this situation?

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• Raid on ICH9R chip set

  - by user500982

  Hi Im looking at buyign this MB: http://www.supermicro.com/products/motherboard/ATOM/ICH9/X7SPE-HF-D525.cfm Im wondering though if the chipset will support the raid configuration I need. Im looking to configure the following arrays: raid array 1: 2 2TB Disks in Raid 0 raid array 2: 2 2TB Disks in Raid 0 raid array 3 (not actualy an array): 1 300GB Disk not in raid, to be used for OS and boot. So in total there would be 5 drives and the board supports 6. so im good when it comes to connections. However I have herd some chip sets only support one raid array (volume). so either all drives are individual, or are in the array. I must have 2 sperate raid arrays independent of each other, and a 5th drive not in any array. Anybody know if this setup will work? Thanks, -Stewart

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• Alerting when a RAID Array disk fails locally on VMWare ESX or ESXi System

  - by Tim K

  With ESX and ESXi, we recently had two systems where that the boot partition became degraded due to a failed disk. The only alert we managed to capture was the visual alert on the Dell servers. We failed to received any electronic alerts regarding the failed or degraded array. Does anyone have any experience with monitoring for these types of failures? In both cases, the servers were running in a RAID 5 SCSI configuration (5 disks on one system, 3 disks on another) which if we were running a Windows Server OS, we would have had an alert created in the Eventviewer. Where would I begin to look for this solution. Can it be configured in VCenter or vFoglight?

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• Is it safe to use consumer MLC SSDs in a server?

  - by Zypher

  We (and by we I mean Jeff) are looking into the possibility of using Consumer MLC SSD disks in our backup data center. We want to try to keep costs down and usable space up - so the Intel X25-E's are pretty much out at about 700$ each and 64GB of capacity. What we are thinking of doing is to buy some of the lower end SSD's that offer more capacity at a lower price point. My boss doesn't think spending about 5k for disks in servers running out of the backup data center is worth the investment. Just how dangerous of an approach is this and what can be done to mitigate these dangers?

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• windows 2008r2 SNMP hrStorageSize reporting wrong values

  - by Giannis Nohj

  I'm trying to monitor disks on windows 2008 R2 system, but I'm getting wrong values returned from hrStorageSize and hrStorageUsed for one of the 2 disks the system has. Local disk C: is returning correct values, whereas D: disk, which is an SAN disk, is reporting 32G instead of 500G. Output of snmpwalk -v 2c -c public hostname-01 .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.2 : HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr.1 = STRING: C:\ Label: Serial Number 7ff87ca6 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageDescr.2 = STRING: D:\ Label:Data Serial Number dab5b0b9 ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits.1 = INTEGER: 4096 Bytes HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageAllocationUnits.2 = INTEGER: 4096 Bytes ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize.1 = INTEGER: 35834383 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageSize.2 = INTEGER: 7864320 ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed.1 = INTEGER: 32460169 HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrStorageUsed.2 = INTEGER: 3192302 I have calculated the first disk (C:) size as 136G, which is correct. On the other hand, D: is calculated as 30G, where it should be 500G. I also tried fsutil on the system and the output was correct. Anyone have any ideas?

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• What SATA drive should I install FreeBSD onto? i.e. ar0 vs da0 vs ad4/5

  - by Matt

  I'm installing FreeBSD 8.0 on a server that has hardware SATA Raid. I'm just wondering. What is the difference between these devices. i.e. ar0, da0, ad4, ad5 I take it that ad4 & 5 are my two disks. Somehow the OS can see them individually even though it's one logical mirrored drive. Should I be installing it onto ar0 or one of the adX disks. What is da0? it's smaller than the others. ar0 is not some kind of software raid device is it? Just want to make sure I don't mess this up right from the get go.

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• X58 RAID 10 - Am I forced to use Sata2?

  - by Avi

  I'm building a new dev computer. It will be running a few VMWare Worksation virtual machines. I was advised on Serverfault to use Raid10 for performance. Raid 10 uses 4 disks. I contacted my supplier who suggested a gigabyte X58A motherboard and 4 Western Digital Caviar black 6Gb/s disks. I have checked the spec for the X58A board, however, and it says: SATA 3Gb/s: RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, and RAID 10 SATA 6Gb/s: RAID 0, and RAID 1. I'm losing half the bandwidth because I'm forced to use SATA2! What should I do?

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• Linux Software Raid runs checkarray on the First Sunday of the Month? Why?

  - by mgjk

  It looks like Debian has a default to run checkarray on the first Sunday of the month. This causes massive performance problems and heavy disk usage for 12 hours on my 2TB mirror. Doing this "just in case" is bizzare to me. Discovering data out of sync between the two disks without quorum would be a failure anyway. This massive checking could only tell me that I have an unrecoverable drive failure and corrupt data. Which is nice, but not all that helpful. Is it necessary? Given I have no disk errors and no reason to believe my disks have failed, why is this check necessary? Should I take it out of my cron? /etc/cron.d# tail -1 /etc/cron.d/mdadm 57 0 * * 0 root [ -x /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray ] && [ $(date +\%d) -le 7 ] && /usr/share/mdadm/checkarray --cron --all --quiet Thanks for any insight,

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• What does the the reconstruction process of mdadm do exactly on raid10

  - by Azrael

  I've got a system with 4 disks set up as raid10. All disks are usable, and mdadm all states them with UUUU. Due to a recent system crash, the raid is currently reconstruction the raid as it was marked as "not clean," and a reconstruction process was started. On a closer look smartctl shows problems on one disk: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Unhandled sense code sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Sense Key : Medium Error [current] [descriptor] Descriptor sense data with sense descriptors (in hex): 72 03 11 04 00 00 00 0c 00 0a 80 00 00 00 00 00 24 cd 78 d4 sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error - auto reallocate failed sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 24 cd 75 1e 00 04 00 00 With a research about the reconstruction process, I only found information concerning raid5 but nothing for raid10. Can I replace this problematic disk during the reconstruction process, or will I kill the raid with this?

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• Cloning single disk drive to multiple drives simultaneously

  - by mr.b

  I am looking for a way to clone single disk drive to more than one disk drive at the same time. I have prepared system images on 1TB disks, and it takes almost 2 hours to clone one disk to another, and then it goes up exponentially, in order to have say 30 disks cloned. If it was possible to clone one disk to more than single target, it would simplify whole procedure a lot. Also, is there something that prevents this kind of operation? I mean, is there some special reason why every disk cloning software that I know about supports only single target drive? Thanks!

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• slow disk writes between host and guest

  - by Jure1873

  I've got a ubuntu (server kernel) on a amd x4, 4gb ram, 2x seagate sata 1 tb disks for testing virtual machines and the write performance is very slow. The two disks are in a software raid1 array, one small boot ext3 partition, 10gb system partition and the rest is a xfs partition (about 980) gb for data (virtual machines). If I'm copying files from the virtual machine to the host with rsync or scp the copy frequently stalls or goes at about 1mb/s. What's wrong? I've tried disabling barriers on xfs, increased logbufs, allocsize, but it seems nothing helps. The strange thing is that await (for example during copying) for sda is usually under 100, while for sdb is around 400. Any ideas on what could be wrong / what could I do to improve this setup?

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• raid 5 creation (using mdadm) lots of read/writes on creation: is this normal?

  - by Gbrits

  I created a software raid 5 disk using: mdadm -C /dev/md2 -l5 -n4 /dev/sd[i-l] at the same time I'm using dstat to see io-activity: dstat -c -d -D total,sda1,md2,sdi,sdj,sdk,sdl -l -m -n and notice that disks sd[i-k] are all read from and sdl is written to. Now, I do understand that raid5 has to be configured, but it takes a really long time and all disks are clean & formatted (using xfs) so I figure there might be some kind of shortcut to skip (unnecessary? ) checking.. Is it? The creation is part of a time-critical nightly batch-process (run on amazon ec2) so it's not a one-time thing. Thanks, Geert-Jan

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• Installing Solaris 10 on sunT5220 - ZFS/UFS raid 10?

  - by Matthew

  I am in a bit of a time crunch, and need to get two T5220's built. We were very happy to see two boxes in our aged inventory which had 8 HDD's each, but didn't think to check if they were running hardware RAID or not. Turns out that they aren't. When we install, we are given the option to use UFS or ZFS, but when we select a place to install we're only given the option of installing on one single disk. Is it possible to create a software raid 10 across all of the disks and install the OS on that? Sorry if any lingo is wrong, I'm not really a Sun guy and our guru is out of town right now. Any help would be really appreciated! Note: Most of the guides I've found on google entail installing the OS on a single disk, and then creating a separate RAID 10 on other disks. We would actually like the OS to reside on the RAID 10. Hope that clarifies things.

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• How secure is cloud computing?

  - by Rhubarb

  By secure, I don't mean the machines itself and access to it from the network. I mean, and I suppose this could be applied to any kind of hosting service, when you put all your intellectual property onto a hosted provider, what happens to the hard disks as they cycle through them? Say I've invested million into my software, and the information and data that I have is valuable, how can I be sure it isn't read off old disks as they're recycled? Is there some kind of standard to look for that ensures a provider is going to use the strictest form of intellectual property protection? Is SAS70 applicable here?

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• Any recommendations on a NAS for a home-super-user?

  - by marc_s

  Can anyone recommend a good NAS for use in a home-server environment? I would request at least 2, preferably 4 disks, and I am most interested in good to excellent throughput for file-server and backup purposes - don't need any of the fancy media-streaming or -sharing features, that's not of interest to me. For a 4 or more disk solution, support for the various RAID levels (0, 1, 1+0, 5) would be a plus - especially if supported in hardware (rather than just a software emulation). I just need a place to put my collection of data, ISO images, and so forth - and since several external disks (self-built and off-the-shelf) have failed so far, I'm looking into a more reliable solution. Marc

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• Mounting Solaris UFS partition on Debian(with FreeBSD kernel)

  - by hayalci

  I have some disks that were being used on a Solaris system. The disks are formatted as UFS. I attached them to a Debian system (with FreeBSD kernel. Debian/kFreeBSD), but I cannot mount them. $ mount -t ufs /dev/da2s1 /mnt/diska mount: /dev/da2s1 : Invalid argument Also the tunefs.ufs does not work; $ tunefs.ufs -p /dev/da2s1 tunefs.ufs: /dev/da2s1: could not read superblock to fill out disk Is there an incompatibility between FreeBSD UFS and Solaris UFS? Is it possible to mount one, under the other OS ? Note: tunefs.ufs works on the root partition $ tunefs.ufs -p /dev/da7s2 tunefs.ufs: ACLs: (-a) disabled tunefs.ufs: MAC multilabel: (-l) disabled tunefs.ufs: soft updates: (-n) disabled tunefs.ufs: gjournal: (-J) disabled tunefs.ufs: maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group: (-e) 2048 tunefs.ufs: average file size: (-f) 16384 tunefs.ufs: average number of files in a directory: (-s) 64 tunefs.ufs: minimum percentage of free space: (-m) 8% tunefs.ufs: optimization preference: (-o) time tunefs.ufs: volume label: (-L)

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• Windows 7 - cannot access my own external disk

  - by Tomas

  I use Windows 7 Home Premium and external USB disk with NTFS partition. I cannot write-access the my own files on it, even as a member of Admnistrators group! Is there any way how to go around this permission checking, without actually writing some permission information to every folder on it? I have 3 external disks (up to 1TB), and I have thousands hundreds of files on each!!! Doing some permission change, that will actually go recursivelly through all folders on all my disks is plain brain damage!! 1) Is there any way how to change it somehow globally? (like mount options...) .. Or how to go around this annoying permission checking? It was working in Win XP normally! 2) if not, and I must do the recursive operation on all folders, how to do it PERMANENTLY, so that I don't need to do it again on another Windows 7 computer!

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• Prioritize file sharing performance in Windows Server 2008

  - by cmbrnt

  I've got a server running Windows Server 2008, and use it mainly for sharing files throughout the domain from a number of disks. It's running on VMware ESXi 4.0, in case that matters. My problem is that when I log in to the server to check user permissions etc, the access speed the files on the remote disks almost grinds to a halt. I havn't been able to measure the speeds, but I would guess it slows down to about 100kB/s as soon as I log in. This is on a gigabit network and the problems are equal for all users, even the ones connected to the same switch as the server. I've assigned 2 GB RAM to the server, and reserved it 1,5Ghz processor power. I don't have to do anything special on the server for this halt to occur. How can I make sure file sharing is prioritized on the server, so no matter what applications I'm using it will always make sure file sharing works properly? Could this be a VMware issue?

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• Raid 5 scsi fault

  - by HaLaBi

  I have no much knowledge about servers and I was looking all day around the internet about finding a solution to my raid 5 problem. All of a sudden two disks failed. The server won't boot (HP Proliant, windows 2003 R2, very old maybe 10 years old). I know that if one disk is faulty then I can add a new disk and rebuild it and things will be fine, the problem is two went faulty :( is this normal? two at the same time? is there any other thing I can do and I am not aware of? other than taking them out and reinserting them back? Windows won't boot. The Array menu shows that disks 0 and 4 are "Missing". Any other tricks or things to do? It is important because for some unknown reason the back up job did not work for a month and I just found out, so I need to make these raid 5 back online again.

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