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  • java web application best practices

    - by Bruce
    Hi all I'm trying to figure out the optimum way to develop and release a fairly simple web application, and I'm running into several problems. I'll outline the decisions I've made, because somewhere I've clearly gone off the rails.. Hugely grateful for any help! I have what I think is a fairly simple web application. It contains a couple of jsps that reference a couple of java beans, and the usual static html, js, css and images. Decision 1) I wanted to have a clear and clean release procedure, such that I could develop on my local machine and then release reliably to a production machine. I therefore made the decision to package the application into a war file (including all the static resources), to minimize the separate bits and pieces I would need to release. So far so good? Decision 2) I wanted things on my local machine to be as similar as possible to the production environment. So in my html, for example, I may have a reference to a static file such as http://static.foo.com/file . To keep this code working seamlessly on dev and prod, I decided to put static.foo.com in my /etc/hosts when developing locally, so that all the urls work correctly without changing anything. Decision 3) I decided to use eclipse and maven to give me a best practice environment for administering and building my project. So I have a nice tight set up now, except that: Every time I want to change anything in development, like one line in an html file, I have to rebuild the entire project and then wait for tomcat to load the war before I can see if it's what I wanted. So my questions are: 1) Is there a way to connect up eclipse and tomcat so that I don't have to rebuild the war each time? ie tomcat is looking straight at my actual workspace to serve up the static files? 2)I think I'm maybe making things harder by using /etc/hosts to reflect production urls - is there a better way that doesn't involve manually changing over urls (relative urls are fine of course, but where you have many subdomains, say one for static files and one for dynamic, you have to write out the full path, surely?) 3) Is this really best practice?? How do people set things up so that they balance the requirement for an automated, all-encompassing build process on the one hand, and the speed and flexibility to be able to develop javascript and html and css quickly, as quickly as if one just pointed apache at the directory and developed live? What do people find works? Many thanks!

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  • Hacking "Contact Form 7" code to Add A "Referred By" field

    - by Scott B
    I've got about 6 subdomains that have a "contact us" link and I'm sending all these links to a single form that uses "Contact Form 7". I add ?from=site-name to each of the links so that I can set a $referredFrom variable in the contact form. The only two things I'm missing are (1) the ability to insert this referredFrom variable into the email that I get whenever someone submits the form and (2) The ability to redirect the user back to the site they came from (stored in $referredFrom) Any ideas? Here's a bit of code from includes/classes.php that I thought might be part of the email insert but its not doing much... function mail() { global $referrer; $refferedfrom = $referrer; //HERE IS MY CUSTOM CODE $fes = $this->form_scan_shortcode(); foreach ( $fes as $fe ) { $name = $fe['name']; $pipes = $fe['pipes']; if ( empty( $name ) ) continue; $value = $_POST[$name]; if ( WPCF7_USE_PIPE && is_a( $pipes, 'WPCF7_Pipes' ) && ! $pipes->zero() ) { if ( is_array( $value) ) { $new_value = array(); foreach ( $value as $v ) { $new_value[] = $pipes->do_pipe( $v ); } $value = $new_value; } else { $value = $pipes->do_pipe( $value ); } } $this->posted_data[$name] = $value; $this->posted_data[$refferedfrom] = $referrer; //HERE IS MY CUSTOM CODE } I'm also thinking that I could insert the referredFrom code somewhere in this function as well... function compose_and_send_mail( $mail_template ) { $regex = '/\[\s*([a-zA-Z][0-9a-zA-Z:._-]*)\s*\]/'; $callback = array( &$this, 'mail_callback' ); $mail_subject = preg_replace_callback( $regex, $callback, $mail_template['subject'] ); $mail_sender = preg_replace_callback( $regex, $callback, $mail_template['sender'] ); $mail_body = preg_replace_callback( $regex, $callback, $mail_template['body'] ); $mail_recipient = preg_replace_callback( $regex, $callback, $mail_template['recipient'] ); $mail_headers = "From: $mail_sender\n"; if ( $mail_template['use_html'] ) $mail_headers .= "Content-Type: text/html\n"; $mail_additional_headers = preg_replace_callback( $regex, $callback, $mail_template['additional_headers'] ); $mail_headers .= trim( $mail_additional_headers ) . "\n"; if ( $this->uploaded_files ) { $for_this_mail = array(); foreach ( $this->uploaded_files as $name => $path ) { if ( false === strpos( $mail_template['attachments'], "[${name}]" ) ) continue; $for_this_mail[] = $path; } return @wp_mail( $mail_recipient, $mail_subject, $mail_body, $mail_headers, $for_this_mail ); } else { return @wp_mail( $mail_recipient, $mail_subject, $mail_body, $mail_headers ); } }

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  • SSL certificates and types for securing your websites and applications

    - by Mit Naik
    Need to share few information regarding SSL certificates and there types, which SSL certificates are widely used etc. There are several SSL certificates available in the market today inorder to secure your domains, multiple subdomains, your applications and code too. Few of the details are mentioned below. CheapSSL certificates available today are Standard Rapidssl certificate, Thwate SSL 123 etc certificates which are basic level certificates. Most of these cheap SSL certificates are domain-validated only and don't provide the greatest trust for your customers. This means you shouldn't use cheap SSL certificates on e-commerce stores or other public-facing sites that require people to trust the site. EV certificates I found Geotrust Truebusinessid with EV certificate which is one of the cheapest certificate available in market today, you can also find Thwate, Versign EV version of certificates. Its designed to prevent phishing attacks better than normal SSL certificates. What makes an EV Certificate so special? An SSL Certificate Provider has to do some extensive validation to give you one including: Verifying that your organization is legally registered and active, Verifying the address and phone number of your organization, Verifying that your organization has exclusive right to use the domain specified in the EV Certificate, Verifying that the person ordering the certificate has been authorized by the organization, Verifying that your organization is not on any government blacklists. SSL WILDCARD CERTIFICATES, SSL Wildcard Certificates are big money-savers. An SSL Wildcard Certificate allows you to secure an unlimited number of first-level sub-domains on a single domain name. For example, if you need to secure the following websites: * www.yourdomain.com * secure.yourdomain.com * product.yourdomain.com * info.yourdomain.com * download.yourdomain.com * anything.yourdomain.com and all of these websites are hosted on the multiple server box, you can purchase and install one Wildcard certificate issued to *.yourdomain.com to secure all these sites. SAN CERTIFICATES, are interesting certificates and are helpfull if you want to secure multiple domains by generating single CSR and can install the same certificate on your additional sites without generating new CSRs for all the additional domains. CODE SIGNING CERTIFICATES, A code signing certificate is a file containing a digital signature that can be used to sign executables and scripts in order to verify your identity and ensure that your code has not been tampered with since it was signed. This helps your users to determine whether your software can be trusted. Scroll to the chart below to compare cheap code signing certificates. A code signing certificate allows you to sign code using a private and public key system similar to how an SSL certificate secures a website. When you request a code signing certificate, a public/private key pair is generated. The certificate authority will then issue a code signing certificate that contains the public key. A certificate for code signing needs to be signed by a trusted certificate authority so that the operating system knows that your identity has been validated. You could still use the code signing certificate to sign and distribute malicious software but you will be held legally accountable for it. You can sign many different types of code. The most common types include Windows applications such as .exe, .cab, .dll, .ocx, and .xpi files (using an Authenticode certificate), Apple applications (using an Apple code signing certificate), Microsoft Office VBA objects and macros (using a VBA code signing certificate), .jar files (using a Java code signing certificate), .air or .airi files (using an Adobe AIR certificate), and Windows Vista drivers and other kernel-mode software (using a Vista code certificate). In reality, a code signing certificate can sign almost all types of code as long as you convert the certificate to the correct format first. Also I found the below URL which provides you good suggestion regarding purchasing best SSL certificates for securing your site, as per the Financial institution, Bank, Hosting providers, ISP, Retail Merchants etc. Please vote and provide comments or any additional suggestions regarding SSL certificates.

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  • Set up lnux box for hosting a-z

    - by microchasm
    I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP: To upgrade PHP to the latest version, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! cd /tmp #wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. [will list all packages available in the IUS repo] rpm -qa | grep php [will list installed packages needed to be removed. the installed packages need to be removed before you can install the IUS packages otherwise there will be conflicts] #yum shell >remove php-gd php-cli php-odbc php-mbstring php-pdo php php-xml php-common php-ldap php-mysql php-imap Setting up Remove Process >install php53 php53-mcrypt php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common php53-ldap php53-imap php53-devel >transaction solve >transaction run Leaving Shell #php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) This process removes the old version of PHP and installs the latest. To upgrade mysql: Pretty much the same process as above with PHP #/etc/init.d/mysqld stop [OK] rpm -qa | grep mysql [installed mysql packages] #yum shell >remove mysql mysql-server Setting up Remove Process >install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel >transaction solve >transaction run Leaving Shell #service mysqld start [OK] #mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project The above upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Create a chroot jail to hold sftp user via rssh. This will force SCP/SFTP and will circumvent traditional FTP server setup. #cd /tmp #wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm #rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm #useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev #passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. #vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment line allowscp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). Above instructions for SFTP appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to Configure virtual interfaces/ip based virtual hosts for SSL, setting up a CA, or anything else would be appreciated.

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  • Apache config that uses two document roots based on whether the requested resource exists in the first

    - by mattalexx
    Background I have a client site that consists of a CakePHP installation and a Magento installation: /web/example.com/ /web/example.com/app/ <== CakePHP /web/example.com/app/webroot/ <== DocumentRoot /web/example.com/app/webroot/store/ <== Magento /web/example.com/config/ <== Site-wide config /web/example.com/vendors/ <== Site-wide libraries The server runs Apache 2.2.3. The problem The whole company has FTP access and got used to clogging up the /web/example.com/, /web/example.com/app/webroot/, and /web/example.com/app/webroot/store/ directories with their own files. Sometimes these files need HTTP access and sometimes they don't. In any case, this mess makes my job harder when it comes to maintaining the site. Code merges, tarring the live code, etc, is very complicated and usually requires a bunch of filters. Abandoned solution At first, I thought I would set up a new subdomain on the same server, move all of their files there, and change their FTP chroot. But that wouldn't work for these reasons: Firstly, I have no idea (and neither do they remember) what marketing materials they've sent out that contain URLs to certain resources they've uploaded to the server, using the main domain, and also using abstract subdomains that use the main virtual host because it has ServerAlias *.example.com. So suddenly having them only use static.example.com isn't feasible. Secondly, The PHP scripts in their projects are potentially very non-portable. I want their files to stay in as similar an environment as they were built as I can. Also, I do not want to debug their code to make it portable. Half-baked solution After some thought, I decided to find a way to section off the actual website files into another directory that they would not touch. The company's uploaded files would stay where they were. This would ensure that I didn't break any of their projects that needed HTTP access. It would look something like this: /web/example.com/ <== A bunch of their files are in here /web/example.com/app/webroot/ <== 1st DocumentRoot; A bunch of their files are in here /web/example.com/app/webroot/store/ <== Some more are in here /web/example.com/site/ <== New dir; Contains only site files /web/example.com/site/app/ <== CakePHP /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/ <== 2nd DocumentRoot /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/store/ <== Magento /web/example.com/site/config/ <== Site-wide config /web/example.com/site/vendors/ <== Site-wide libraries After I made this change, I would not need to pay attention to anything except for the stuff within /web/example.com/site/ and my job would be a lot easier. I would be the only one changing stuff in there. So here's where the Apache magic would happen: I need an HTTP request to http://www.example.com/ to first use /web/example.com/app/webroot/ as the document root. If nothing is found (no miscellaneous uploaded company projects are found), try finding something within /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/. Another thing to keep in mind is, the site might have some problems if the $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] variable reads /web/example.com/app/webroot/ but the actual files are within /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/. It would be better if the DOCUMENT_ROOT environment variable could be /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/ for anything within the /web/example.com/site/app/webroot/ directory. Conclusion Is my half-baked solution possible with Apache 2.2.3? Is there a better way to solve this problem?

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  • Set up lnux box for hosting a-z [apache mysql php ssl]

    - by microchasm
    I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP: To upgrade PHP to the latest version, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! cd /tmp #wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm #rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. [will list all packages available in the IUS repo] rpm -qa | grep php [will list installed packages needed to be removed. the installed packages need to be removed before you can install the IUS packages otherwise there will be conflicts] #yum shell >remove php-gd php-cli php-odbc php-mbstring php-pdo php php-xml php-common php-ldap php-mysql php-imap Setting up Remove Process >install php53 php53-mcrypt php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common php53-ldap php53-imap php53-devel >transaction solve >transaction run Leaving Shell #php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) This process removes the old version of PHP and installs the latest. To upgrade mysql: Pretty much the same process as above with PHP #/etc/init.d/mysqld stop [OK] rpm -qa | grep mysql [installed mysql packages] #yum shell >remove mysql mysql-server Setting up Remove Process >install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel >transaction solve >transaction run Leaving Shell #service mysqld start [OK] #mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to Configure Virtualhosts for SSL, setting up a CA, setting up SFTP with openSSH, or anything else would be appreciated.

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  • How do bots access directories on a server that are not DocumentRoot of public IP address? How do I stop them?

    - by tmsimont
    I have a local network set up with apache2 and "named" running on OpenSuse 13.1 Linux. I used the "named" service to use my computer as a domain server. I set up my router to point to ask my computer for domain lookups, so I have a chance to have it rewrite a bunch of domains on my network to its own local IP, 192.168.0.111 This works great. I use virtual host configuration to allow various domains and subdomains (re-routed to the same IP via named) to pull up different directories in my computer. For example: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias fmb.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/fmb </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias postrecord.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/postrecord </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias cvalley.wa.net DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/cvalley_local </VirtualHost> This makes it possible for me to hit cvalley.wa.net from any device in my network and get the site that lives in /home/work/wa.net/cvalley_local I decided to forward port 80 to this computer, so I could share a few development sites with coworkers. I can't control which site they see with the same named service, because they'd have to use my computer as their domain name server... So I added a line like this: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName 192.168.0.111 ServerAlias MY.IP.XXX.XX DocumentRoot /home/work/wa.net/cvalley </VirtualHost> Where "MY.IP.XXX.XX" is my public IP address. This works as expected, when you hit my IP address from a public network you see the site that lives in /home/work/wa.net/cvalley. The point of confusion that I have is that there are public IP addresses in my logs in other sites. I would have expected it to be impossible to access other sites in my network, unless the public user somehow figured out what I'm calling my ServerAliases, and is mimicing my domain set up... How can public traffic be hitting my other local sites? How can I recreate this kind of access? Here are some examples of public IP's hitting my VirtualHost sites: 162.253.66.76 - - [15/Aug/2014:19:20:47 -0600] "GET /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 404 1004 "-" "-" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:10:50:28 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 185.4.227.194 - - [16/Aug/2014:11:16:45 -0600] "GET http://24x7-allrequestsallowed.com/?PHPSESSID=1rysxtj500143WQMVT%5E_NAZ%5BQ HTTP/1.1" 200 262 "-" "-" 101.226.254.138 - - [16/Aug/2014:13:32:14 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:14:26:19 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 212.129.2.119 - - [16/Aug/2014:16:00:51 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 91.240.163.111 - - [16/Aug/2014:18:34:32 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 162.253.66.74 - - [16/Aug/2014:19:02:53 -0600] "GET / HTTP/1.0" 200 262 "-" "masscan/1.0 (https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan)" 122.226.223.69 - - [17/Aug/2014:05:53:09 -0600] "GET http://www.k2proxy.com//hello.html HTTP/1.1" 404 1006 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" ::1 - - [17/Aug/2014:10:19:26 -0600] "OPTIONS * HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "Apache/2.4.6 (Linux/SUSE) OpenSSL/1.0.1e PHP/5.4.20 (internal dummy connection)" 162.209.65.196 - - [17/Aug/2014:15:31:53 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 111.206.199.163 - - [18/Aug/2014:11:12:56 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 37.187.180.168 - - [18/Aug/2014:15:40:00 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" 62.210.38.226 - - [18/Aug/2014:18:35:16 -0600] "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" 200 - "-" "-" Is there anything that I can do to reliably deny public access by default, but allow it only in one VirtualHost?

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  • Set up linux box for hosting a-z

    - by microchasm
    I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to Configure virtual interfaces/ip based virtual hosts for SSL, setting up a CA, or anything else would be appreciated.

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  • How does this main domain have a CNAME record?

    - by TRiG
    I was under the impression that only subdomains could have CNAME records: main domains need to define all their own records. However, apt-get.com seems to have only a CNAME record. How can this work? $ dig apt-get.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45743 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 9, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: apt-get.com. 86336 IN CNAME thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.242 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.246 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.166 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.232 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.161 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.210.233 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.186 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.188 ;; Query time: 59 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:05:48 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 193 $ dig apt-get.com ns ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 43831 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN NS ;; Query time: 26 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:12:37 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 29 $ dig apt-get.com ns @b.gtld-servers.net ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ns @b.gtld-servers.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 38228 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN NS ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: apt-get.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.domainrecover.com. apt-get.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.domainrecover.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.domainrecover.com. 172800 IN A 66.45.232.66 ns2.domainrecover.com. 172800 IN A 65.23.159.179 ;; Query time: 70 msec ;; SERVER: 192.33.14.30#53(192.33.14.30) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:07:05 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 111 The domain does resolve. I get the following headers: GET / HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Testing_Sniffer/4.15 Host: apt-get.com Accept: */* HTTP/1.0 200 (OK) Cache-Control: private, no-cache, must-revalidate Connection: Keep-Alive Pragma: no-cache Server: Oversee Turing v1.0.0 Content-Length: 1347 Content-Type: text/html Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT Keep-Alive: timeout=3, max=96 P3P: policyref="http://www.dsparking.com/w3c/p3p.xml", CP="NOI DSP COR ADMa OUR NOR STA" Set-Cookie: parkinglot=1; domain=.apt-get.com; path=/; expires=Wed, 11-Jun-2014 14:10:37 GMT <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd"> <!-- turing_cluster_prod --> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>apt-get.com</title> <meta name="keywords" content="apt-get.com" /> <meta name="description" content="apt-get.com" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <meta name="revisit-after" content="10" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="text/javascript"> document.cookie = "jsc=1"; </script> </head> <frameset rows="100%,*" frameborder="no" border="0" framespacing="0"> <frame src="http://apt-get.com?epl=5PfLSSqWrYDAt-gbwMDK_rA3b1UJCYVTJHfxTzr9FTDQV84b6vAgVhU3FTeCRQNiuRNv79Ni0V3mkEVNRhpqo2gpMjp5iOIR1w2_EISPENaqzoXohVXl2QI3ryXlRCB4FaIIaxynnWXWY6QBgBgNiIZ6agD1NBoNGg0ajXpUCXUAIJDer78AAOB_AwAAQIDbCwAAe_NWlVlTJllBMTZoWkKPAAAA8A" name="apt-get.com"> </frameset> <noframes> <body><a href="http://apt-get.com?epl=5PfLSSqWrYDAt-gbwMDK_rA3b1UJCYVTJHfxTzr9FTDQV84b6vAgVhU3FTeCRQNiuRNv79Ni0V3mkEVNRhpqo2gpMjp5iOIR1w2_EISPENaqzoXohVXl2QI3ryXlRCB4FaIIaxynnWXWY6QBgBgNiIZ6agD1NBoNGg0ajXpUCXUAIJDer78AAOB_AwAAQIDbCwAAe_NWlVlTJllBMTZoWkKPAAAA8A">Click here to go to apt-get.com</a>.</body> </noframes> </html>

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  • Linux/Apache performance very slow even on local network

    - by klausch
    I have an Ubuntu server machine running Apache and MYSQL. System and version info is as follows: Linux kernel 3.0.0.-12 Apache/2.2.20 MySQL Ver 14.14.Distrib 5.1.58 I am running a few websites on this server, some HTML only, some PHP/MySQL. THe [problem is that response time is very slow, both on static as well as the dynamic sites. Sometimes it takes more than 10 seconds before a response is given, this makes the sites very slow and almost unusable. The problem occurs even when requesting from the local network. I have added the involved subdomains to my /etc/hosts file, and abolve all the problem is not solved by using IP numbers instead of URL's. So there is no DNS lookup issue. I have modified the log format by showing the response times and sometimes a files takes 12 seconds to be served, see the jquery~.js file in the example screenshot. I have no explanation for this extremely long response time, but is is not even the only issue here, some other files takes a long time to be served too, but do not show a long response time in the log file. So probably different tissues are involved here. I cannot find a solution until now, any suggestions??? THanx in advance, Klaas link to screenshot picture from access logfile Some extra configuration info: apache2.conf (comment is removed) LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} Timeout 300 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 5 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} AccessFileName .htaccess <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> DefaultType text/plain HostnameLookups Off ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn Include mods-enabled/*.load Include mods-enabled/*.conf Include httpd.conf Include ports.conf LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %T/%D" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent Include conf.d/ Include sites-enabled/ And the virtual hostfile for one of the slow sites, in fact it is pretty straightforward... <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerSignature EMail ServerName toenjoy.drsklaus.nl DocumentRoot /var/www/toenjoy.drsklaus.nl <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/toenjoy.drsklaus.nl/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride AuthConfig AuthType Basic AuthName "To Enjoy" AuthUserFile /etc/.htpasswd Require user petraaa Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> And the output of free -m: klaas@ubuntu-server:/etc/apache2$ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1997 1401 595 0 144 1017 -/+ buffers/cache: 238 1758 Swap: 2035 0 2035 and I have no indication that swapping occurs on the moments the site is slow. I have runned top and it does not appear to be a CPU issue. I have the impression that the spawning of a apache thread could maybe be the bottleneck but it is just a suggestion. Maybe this gives some extra information! EDIT: The problem seemed to be gone for some time but occurs again! And not only with Apache, also connecting using SSH takes a tremendous time, sometimes it takes up to 15 seconds before the keyphrase is asked for. Also scp works very slowly. The behavious is really unpredoctable and makes the server very hard to use. Any ideas...?

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  • Trouble on setting SSL certificates for Virtual Hosts using Apache\Phusion Passenger in localhost

    - by user502052
    I am using Ruby on Rails 3 and I would like to make to work HTTPS connections on localhost. I am using: Apache v2 + Phusion Passenger Mac OS + Snow Leopard v10.6.6 My Ruby on Rails installation use the Typhoeus gem (it is possible to use the Ruby net\http library but the result doesn't change) to make HTTP requests over HTTPS. I created self-signed ca.key, pjtname.crt and pjtname.key as detailed on the Apple website. Notice: Following instruction from the Apple website, on running the openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr command (see the link) at this point Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []: (this is the important one) I entered *pjtname.com so that is valid for all sub_domain of that site. In my Apache httpd.conf I have two virtual hosts configured in this way: # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections #Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf # # Note: The following must must be present to support # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl. # <IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin </IfModule> Include /private/etc/apache2/other/*.conf # Passenger configuration LoadModule passenger_module /Users/<my_user_name>/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/passenger-3.0.2/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /Users/<my_user_name>/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p136/gems/passenger-3.0.2 PassengerRuby /Users/<my_user_name>/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.2-p136/ruby # Go ahead and accept connections for these vhosts # from non-SNI clients SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck off # Ensure that Apache listens on port 443 Listen 443 # Listen for virtual host requests on all IP addresses NameVirtualHost *:80 NameVirtualHost *:443 # # PJTNAME.COM and subdomains SETTING # <VirtualHost *:443> # Because this virtual host is defined first, it will # be used as the default if the hostname is not received # in the SSL handshake, e.g. if the browser doesn't support # SNI. ServerName pjtname.com:443 DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/pjtname.com/public" ServerAdmin [email protected] ErrorLog "/private/var/log/apache2/error_log" TransferLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" RackEnv development <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/pjtname.com/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on # Self Signed certificates # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /private/etc/apache2/ssl/wildcard.certificate/pjtname.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /private/etc/apache2/ssl/wildcard.certificate/pjtname.key # Server Intermediate Bundle SSLCertificateChainFile /private/etc/apache2/ssl/wildcard.certificate/ca.crt </VirtualHost> # HTTP Setting <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName pjtname.com DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/pjtname.com/public" RackEnv development <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/pjtname.com/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName users.pjtname.com:443 DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/users.pjtname.com/public" ServerAdmin [email protected] ErrorLog "/private/var/log/apache2/error_log" TransferLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" RackEnv development <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/users.pjtname.com/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on # Self Signed certificates # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /private/etc/apache2/ssl/wildcard.certificate/pjtname.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /private/etc/apache2/ssl/wildcard.certificate/pjtname.key # Server Intermediate Bundle SSLCertificateChainFile /private/etc/apache2/ssl/wildcard.certificate/ca.crt </VirtualHost> # HTTP Setting <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName users.pjtname.com DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/users.pjtname.com/public" RackEnv development <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/pjtname.com/users.pjtname.com/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> In the host file I have: ## # Host Database # # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface # when the system is booting. Do not change this entry. ## 127.0.0.1 localhost 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost ::1 localhost fe80::1%lo0 localhost # PJTNAME.COM SETTING 127.0.0.1 pjtname.com 127.0.0.1 users.pjtname.com All seems to work properly because I have already set everything (I think correctly): I generated a wildcard certificate for my domains and sub-domains (in this example: *.pjtname.com) I have set base-named virtualhosts in the http.conf file listening on port :433 and :80 My browser accept certificates also if it alerts me that those aren't safe (notice: I must accept certificates for each domain\sub-domain; that is, [only] at the first time I access a domain or sub-domain over HTTPS I must do the same procedure for acceptance) and I can have access to pages using HTTPS After all this work, when I make a request using Typhoeus (I can use also the Ruby Net::Http library and the result doesn't change) from the pjtname.com RoR application: # Typhoeus request Typhoeus::Request.get("https://users.pjtname.com/") I get something like a warning about the certificate: --- &id001 !ruby/object:Typhoeus::Response app_connect_time: 0.0 body: "" code: 0 connect_time: 0.000625 # Here is the warning curl_error_message: Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates curl_return_code: 60 effective_url: https://users.pjtname.com/ headers: "" http_version: mock: false name_lookup_time: 0.000513 pretransfer_time: 0.0 request: !ruby/object:Typhoeus::Request after_complete: auth_method: body: ... All this means that something is wrong. So, what I have to do to avoid the "Peer certificate cannot be authenticated with known CA certificates" warning and make the HTTPS request to work? Where is\are the error\errors (I think in the Apache configuration, but where?!)? P.S.: if you need some more info, let me know.

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  • webserver horrible slow, sometimes incredible fast

    - by dhanke
    i am running a small community ( 6000+ Members ) on a non-virtual 64-bit ubuntu 11.04 system. I am not a Linux-pro, not even advanced, i just tried to setup a webserver, which does nothing special actually. Delivering some dynamic PHP and RoR websites is its task. So it might be that my configuration files do look horrible bad. Also, i might use the wrong vocabulary, so in doubt, please ask. Having a current all-time record of 520 registered users (board-accounts, no system-users) online at same time, average server-load is about 2.0 - 5.0. Meantime (~250 users) average server load value is at about 0.4 - 0.8, sometimes, on some expensive searches a bit higher. everything fine. From time to time however, the load increases up to 120 (120.0, not 12.0 ;) ). In this time, its hard to even connect via SSH, but when i reach the server, and use top/htop/iotop to see whats happening, i cannot identify any process causing high CPU load. iotop tells me about a current reading/writing speed of about approx. 70kb/s, which is quite equal to power-off i think. Memory-Usage is max. at ~ 12GB of 16GB, so swap remains empty. now the odd (at least for me:) waiting some minutes ( since i always get a bit into a panic when this happens, it feels like 5 minutes, but i suppose its more like 20-30 minutes) and the server is back to normal. everything continues as normal. another odd fact: when i run hdparm -tT /dev/sda, i get answer like: /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 7180 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3591.13 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 348 MB in 3.02 seconds = 115.41 MB/sec when i run the same command while the server is "frozen", the answer is like /dev/sda: <- takes about 5 minutes until this line appears Timing cached reads: 7180 MB in 2.00 seconds = 3591.13 MB/sec <- 5 more minutes Timing buffered disk reads: 348 MB in 3.02 seconds = 115.41 MB/sec <- another 5 minutes so the values are the same, but the quoted time is completely wrong. using time command as prefix also tells me that ~ 15 minutes were used. I searched in dmesg, /var/log/[messages|syslog] - nothing found. /var/log/errors however tells me that: Jul 4 20:28:30 localhost kernel: [19080.671415] INFO: task php5-fpm:27728 blocked for more than 120 seconds. Jul 4 20:28:30 localhost kernel: [19080.671419] "echo 0 /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. multiple times. now that message does tell me that php5-fpm task was blocked or did block ? - but not if that is the cause or just one of the results of that "freeze". Anyone? to cut the long story short, i dont know where even to start analyzing. So if you can give me any advice by looking at following specs and configs, or ask me to provide more information, i`d be glad. Specs: 6 Core AMD Phenom(tm) II X6 1055T Processor * 16 Gigabyte Ram 2x 1.5 TB Seagate ST1500DL003-9VT16L via SATA 3 via SoftwareRaid (i suppose) Services: (due to service --status-all, those with [ + ]) nginx Webserver 1.0.14 mySQL 5.1.63 Server Ruby on Rails 2.3.11 ( passenger-nginx-module ) php5-fpm 5.3.6-13ubuntu3.7 SSH ido2db Further services: default crontab + nightly backup. syslog-ng Website consists of 2 subdomains, forum. and www. where forum is a phpBB3.x PHP-Board, and www a Ruby on Rails 2.3.11 application (portal). Mini-Note: sometimes i notice that the forum is pretty slow, in contrast to the always-fast (except for this "freeze") portal. Both share the same Database, but the portal is using it read-only. The Webserver is nginx, using phusion passenger module to communicate with the ruby-application. Also, for the forum it communicates with php5-fpm via socket: relevant nginx configuration parts ( with comments/questions starting by ; ) ; in case of freeze due to too high Filesystem activity, maybe adding a limit? #worker_rlimit_nofile 50000; user www-data; ; 6 cores, so i read 6 fits. maybe already wrong? worker_processes 6; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { passenger_root /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-3.0.11; passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby1.8; ; the forum once featured a chat, which was working w/o websockets. ; so it was a hell of pull requests (deactivated now, freeze still happening) keepalive_timeout 65; keepalive_requests 50; gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name www.domain.tld; root /var/www/domain/rails/public; passenger_enabled on; } server { listen 80; server_name forum.domain.tld; location / { root /var/www/domain/forum; index index.php; } ; satic stuff to be handled by nginx location ~* ^/style/.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|xml)$ { access_log off; expires 30d; root /var/www/domain/forum/; } ; now the php magic, note the "backend"-fcgi_pass location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$; fastcgi_pass backend; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/domain/forum$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_ignore_client_abort off; fastcgi_connect_timeout 60; fastcgi_send_timeout 180; fastcgi_read_timeout 180; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 256 16k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0; } location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } } ;the php5-fpm socket. i read that /dev/shm/ whould be the fastes place for this. bad idea in general? upstream backend { server unix:/dev/shm/phpfpm; } ... } php5-fpm settings (i changed this values due to php5-fpm error log messages higher and higher.. (freeze-problem was there before as well)* listen = /dev/shm/phpfpm user = www-data group = www-data pm = dynamic ; holy, 4000! well, shinking this value to earth-level gave me ; 100s of 502 bad gateway commands. this values were quite stable. ; since there are only max 520 users online i dont get it, why i would need ; as many children as configured here. due to keep-alive maybe? ; asking questions is easier for me since restarting server will make ; my community-members angry ;) pm.max_children = 4000 pm.start_servers = 100 pm.min_spare_servers = 50 pm.max_spare_servers = 150 pm.max_requests = 10 pm.status_path = /status ping.path = /ping ping.response = pong slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow ;should i use rlimit? ;rlimit_files = 1024 chdir = / mysql/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking bind-address = 127.0.0.1 key_buffer = 16M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP ; high number, but less gives some phpBB errors. max_connections = 450 table_cache = 512 ; i read twice the cpu cores, bad? thread_concurrency = 12 join_buffer_size = 2084K concurrent_insert = 3 query_cache_limit = 64M query_cache_size = 512M query_cache_type = 1 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log long_query_time = 2 expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M low_priority_updates=1 [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ I used smartctl already, hdds seem to be fine. /proc/mdstatus quotes: Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md3 : active raid1 sda3[1] 1459264192 blocks [2/1] [_U] md1 : active raid1 sda1[0] 3911680 blocks [2/1] [U_] unused devices: ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 127727 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 127727 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited I quote some questions in my configuration files, these are not (intentional) directly problem-related, but would be nice for me to know wether they are indeed questionable or done right. One additional Fact: my MYSQL-database is at 12GB size. i dont know if that does matter, but mytop sometimes shows me 4-5 seconds long insert queries, some are 20-30 seconds long. Its just a feeling that i am unable to prove (because i dont know how), but when i disable the database, the freeze seems not to happen. Example: i created a dummy rails application to see the development log. the app made some sql-queries, reads and inserts. the log quite often was like: DbTest Load (0.3ms) SELECT * FROM `db_test` WHERE (`db_test`.`id` = 31722) LIMIT 1 SQL (0.1ms) BEGIN DbTest Update (0.3ms) UPDATE `db_test` SET `updated_at` = '2012-07-04 23:32:34' WHERE `id` = 31722 - now the log stands still for 5-60 seconds. SQL (49.1ms) COMMIT - SQL-Update time in the log does not include freeze time Rendering test/index Completed in 96ms (View: 16, DB: 59) | 200 OK [http://localhost:9000/test] Bad part is: this mini-freeze here only happens from time to time as well. note: meanwhile i cannot even upload files via scp. I currently feel like running form bad to worse and back by googling for my server-problem due to immense lack of knowledge regarding server configurations. It still makes me wonder, why those problems even appear, since 250 users a time is not such a high amount, right? So my questions: whats wrong and how to fix? ;) or: what information can i provide to make the situation more clear? can you point at some critical bad configuration-line which i should consider to catch up in the documentation? are there any tools i can run to see some possible bottlenecks? any further advice? (next to: "pay someone who knows what he does" - its a private project, server costs enough already. :)) Thanks for your time and help. Best Regards, Daniel P.S.: i renamed the configfiles to domain.tld since i dont want to have any % more load to the server until its fixed. might be a exaggeratedly thought.. P.P.S: if i asked a complete duplicate question, sorry. my search results seemed to be quite specific in their own way.

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  • Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

    - by microchasm
    I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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