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• Page allocation failures on iSCSI storage

  - by Dave

  We have a CentOS 6.3 iscsi server (16GB RAM) running on Infiniband bus (ipoib). When the load is high I can see multiple errors: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: tgtd: page allocation failure. order:2, mode:0x20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Pid: 3637, comm: tgtd Not tainted 2.6.32 #1 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Call Trace: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x77f/0x940 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? kmem_getpages+0x62/0x170 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? fallback_alloc+0x1ba/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? cache_grow+0x2cf/0x320 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ____cache_alloc_node+0x99/0x160 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? pskb_expand_head+0x64/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __kmalloc+0x189/0x220 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? pskb_expand_head+0x64/0x270 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __pskb_pull_tail+0x2aa/0x360 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_init_tso_segs+0x37/0x50 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? dev_queue_xmit+0x4bb/0x6f0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? neigh_connected_output+0xbd/0x100 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_finish_output+0x237/0x310 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_output+0xb8/0xc0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __ip_local_out+0x9f/0xb0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_local_out+0x25/0x30 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? ip_queue_xmit+0x190/0x420 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sock_aio_write+0x167/0x180 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_transmit_skb+0x3fe/0x7b0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_write_xmit+0x1fb/0xa20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? __tcp_push_pending_frames+0x30/0xe0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_push_pending_frames+0x33/0x40 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? do_tcp_setsockopt+0x3d6/0x480 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? tcp_setsockopt+0x2a/0x30 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sock_common_setsockopt+0x14/0x20 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? sys_setsockopt+0x7f/0xe0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: [] ? system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Mem-Info: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 23 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 183 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 181 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal per-cpu: Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 171 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 29 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 2: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 32 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: CPU 3: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 32 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: active_anon:1875 inactive_anon:2473 isolated_anon:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: active_file:1243637 inactive_file:2505055 isolated_file:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: unevictable:0 dirty:268338 writeback:0 unstable:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: free:86050 slab_reclaimable:132377 slab_unreclaimable:23744 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: mapped:1293 shmem:222 pagetables:720 bounce:0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA free:15732kB min:124kB low:152kB high:184kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15332kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2172 16060 16060 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32 free:107544kB min:18268kB low:22832kB high:27400kB active_anon:468kB inactive_anon:2364kB active_file:566208kB inactive_file:976112kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:2224900kB mlocked:0kB dirty:96816kB writeback:0kB mapped:908kB shmem:12kB slab_reclaimable:176940kB slab_unreclaimable:968kB kernel_stack:64kB pagetables:192kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 13887 13887 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal free:220924kB min:116772kB low:145964kB high:175156kB active_anon:7032kB inactive_anon:7528kB active_file:4408340kB inactive_file:9044108kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:14220800kB mlocked:0kB dirty:976536kB writeback:0kB mapped:4264kB shmem:876kB slab_reclaimable:352568kB slab_unreclaimable:94008kB kernel_stack:2048kB pagetables:2688kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA: 1*4kB 0*8kB 1*16kB 1*32kB 1*64kB 0*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 1*1024kB 1*2048kB 3*4096kB = 15732kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 DMA32: 16305*4kB 4381*8kB 353*16kB 8*32kB 1*64kB 1*128kB 0*256kB 1*512kB 1*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 107900kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Node 0 Normal: 14548*4kB 14808*8kB 2420*16kB 31*32kB 5*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 1*4096kB = 220784kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 3748822 total pagecache pages Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 0 pages in swap cache Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Swap cache stats: add 0, delete 0, find 0/0 Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Free swap = 975864kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: Total swap = 975864kB Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 4194303 pages RAM Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 126915 pages reserved Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 3753534 pages shared Sep 3 23:22:20 stor4 kernel: 213500 pages non-shared TCP stack and VM config: net.core.rmem_max = 83886080 net.core.wmem_max = 83886080 net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 40960 1048560 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 40960 196608 4194304 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 16388608 16388608 16388608 vm.min_free_kbytes=135168 Additional tweaks: /sbin/blockdev --setra 16384 /dev/sdb echo 2048 /sys/block/sdb/queue/nr_requests Where might the problem be? Thank you.

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• MySQL takes forever after running certain php scripts... optimization help?

  - by DFischer

  When I run a couple scripts from the vBulletin software (like uninstalling a plugin) it takes forever. When monitoring the memory usage, it shows this = -/+ buffers/cache: 158 381 Swap: 255 10 245 It seems that MySQL is only using a certain amount and once it does it tries to use the swap instead? I have a 512MB slice and right now my key buffer is at 16M and max_allowed_packet is at 16M. Is there something else I should increase or can I increase those variables and still be safe? Thanks.

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• Kickstart Partitioning Configuration

  - by Flo

  I'be been trying to run a kickstart script with the following partition configuration: #Clear the masterboot record zerombr bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append=" rhgb crashkernel=auto quiet" # Set up the partitions/logical volumes/logical groups clearpart --all part /boot --fstype=ext4 --asprimary --size=512 --ondisk=sda part swap --size=2048 --fstype=swap --ondisk=sda part pv.01 --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --ondisk=sda part pv.02 --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 --ondisk=sdb volgroup VolGroup pv.01 pv.02 --pesize=32768 logvol /opt --fstype=ext4 --name=opt.fs --vgname=VolGroup --size=40000 logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=root.fs --vgname=VolGroup --size=78000 I have two hard drives and it looks to me like its a really simple configuration. When I run the kickstart I keep getting all these errors that have to do with python files for configuring partitions. The only actual maybe useful piece of information is KeyError /dev/sda/ I tried a number of alterations of this configuration but nothing really worked. Any ideas?

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• Software Raid 10 corrupted superblock after dual disk failure, how do I recover it?

  - by Shoshomiga

  I have a software raid 10 with 6 x 2tb hard drives (raid 1 for /boot), ubuntu 10.04 is the os. I had a raid controller failure that put 2 drives out of sync, crashed the system and initially the os didnt boot up and went into initramfs instead, saying that drives were busy but I eventually managed to bring the raid up by stopping and assembling the drives. The os booted up and said that there were filesystem errors, I chose to ignore because it would remount the fs in read-only mode if there was a problem. Everything seemed to be working fine and the 2 drives started to rebuild, I was sure that it was a sata controller failure because I had dma errors in my log files. The os crashed soon after that with ext errors. Now its not bringing up the raid, it says that there is no superblock on /dev/sda2, even if I assemble manually with all the device names. I also did a memtest and changed the motherboard in addition to everything else. EDIT: This is my partition layout Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009c34a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 2048 511999 254976 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 512000 3904980991 1952234496 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 3904980992 3907028991 1024000 82 Linux swap / Solaris All 6 disks have the same layout, partition #1 is for raid 1 /boot, partition #2 is for raid 10 far plan, partition #3 is swap, but sda did not have swap enabled EDIT2: This is the output of mdadm --detail /dev/md1 Layout : near=1, far=2 Chunk Size : 64k UUID : a0feff55:2018f8ff:e368bf24:bd0fce41 Events : 0.3112126 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 34 0 spare rebuilding /dev/sdc2 1 0 0 1 removed 2 8 18 2 active sync /dev/sdb2 3 8 50 3 active sync /dev/sdd2 4 0 0 4 removed 5 8 82 5 active sync /dev/sdf2 6 8 66 - spare /dev/sde2 EDIT3: I ran ddrescue and it has copied everything from sda except a single 4096 byte sector that I suspect is the raid superblock EDIT4: Here is some more info too long to fit here lshw: http://pastebin.com/2eKrh7nF mdadm --detail /dev/sd[abcdef]1 (raid1): http://pastebin.com/cgMQWerS mdadm --detail /dev/sd[abcdef]2 (raid10): http://pastebin.com/V5dtcGPF dumpe2fs of /dev/sda2 (from the ddrescue cloned drive): http://pastebin.com/sp0GYcJG I tried to recreate md1 based on this info with the command mdadm --create /dev/md1 -v --assume-clean --level=10 --raid-devices=6 --chunk=64K --layout=f2 /dev/sda2 missing /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 missing /dev/sdf2 But I can't mount it, I also tried to recreate it based on my initial mdadm --detail /dev/md1 but it still doesn't mount It also warns me that /dev/sda2 is an ext2fs file system but I guess its because of ddrescue

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• vps running out of memory, 200MB free

  - by demon

  At the beginning of this year I took a VPS for my website because I was running against the resource limits from a shared hosting. Here are the things I know: 2GB memory, with 1GB swap Debian X64 server ED installed Software running on the webserver: mysql apache postfix pop3 imap amavisd clamd cron fail2ban munin-node pure-ftpd spamd nginx Now for the setup: Nginx listens on port 80 and handles the static files, the php side is done by apache2 running mod_php in combi with apc(no var caching!). Iam using a pretty 'busy' drupal and phpbb stack on the server, for drupal iam using boost and authcache to handle of the server load with a pressflow stack. phpbb is just phpbb3 with some mods installed, but has at max 30 users online at a time.. The problem is that its staring to use the swap after a few days after a reboot and thus the site becomes slower. I'v added pictures of monit and munin, so maybe somebody can help me out... Monit: Munin:

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• Why does HDTune report better performing drives 2 months after installing them?

  - by Rolnik

  OK, so this is really weird. I ran HDTune on a newly set-up home-built computer and got the following readings from my drives in mid-November. SSD 154 MB/s RAID1 87 RAID0 198 (software installs) RAID0 98 Swap drive Today, in January, I run HDTune (same version) and get these results, in MB/s: SSD 186 RAID1 98 RAID0 241 RAID0 98 (Swap drive) Here are more details that HDTune reports on the SSD drive: HD Tune: OCZ-VERTEX Benchmark Blockquote Transfer Rate Minimum : 135.4 MB/sec Transfer Rate Maximum : 219.4 MB/sec Transfer Rate Average : 185.7 MB/sec Access Time : 0.1 ms Burst Rate : 187.3 MB/sec CPU Usage : -1.0% To get to my question: Why are my hard drives improving in performance? Most of my logical drives are in some form of RAID, except for the SSD. Will this performance ever deteriorate? Note, none of my drives are a hybrid drive that uses some form of SSD to enhance the write/reads on actual platters.

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• Proper way to partition filesystem with Xen

  - by luckytaxi

  I'm coming from a vmware environment, wanting to play with Xen. I have a server with 2 x 500G SATA drives (no hardware RAID available, have to use software-based RAID1). My partitions are all RAID1 except for swap. I left a little over 400G for my VMs and I would like to use LVM for the disk images. For domU's swap, should I allocate that from the 400G or should that be coming from dom0's partition? I asked because I've seen numerous config options that shows either or.

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• Am I using too much memory? (Rails on EC2 with Resque)

  - by Stpn

  I am looking at the memory usage of the Rails application (it uses background processes via Resque) and since the common answer to the question, "how many workers is too many" was "test and see", I ran some memory commands and wonder if someone can help figuring if the memory usage is high enough already, or I can still add some extra workers.. so (this is all under the maximum load): $ free -t -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1756 1532 223 0 12 229 -/+ buffers/cache: 1291 464 Swap: 895 10 885 Total: 2652 1543 1108 $ vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 10588 156172 13400 326476 1 6 4 0 5 4 1 0 99 0 If there is any extra info I can provide to help answer this, I would be happy to do so. If the question is strange in some way, please let me know I'd be glad to fix etc..

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• High Load average threshold in linux

  - by user2481010

  My one of friend said that his server load average sometime goes above 500-1000, for me it is strange value because I never saw load average more than 10. I asked him give me some snapshot of top and memory usages, he gave following details: TOP USAGES top - 06:06:03 up 117 days, 23:02, 2 users, load average: 147.37, 44.57, 15.95 Tasks: 116 total, 2 running, 113 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 16.6%us, 6.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 9.2%id, 66.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8161648k total, 7779528k used, 382120k free, 3296k buffers Swap: 5242872k total, 1293072k used, 3949800k free, 168660k cached Free $ free -gt total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7 6 1 0 0 4 -/+ buffers/cache: 1 5 Swap: 4 0 4 Total: 12 6 6 Total cpu $ nproc 8 my question is it possible load average more than 100 on 8 core,12 GB mem Server? because I read many tutorial,article on load average, it said that thumb rule is "number of cores = max load" according to thumb rule here is max load average 16 then how his server running with 147.37 load server? he said that it is least value (147.37) some time goes more than 500.

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• How to keep program always in memory (no swapping)

  - by Yossarian

  I'm using KeePass (on Windows 7) for storing passwords. The application is running on my laptop almost 100% of the time, but I'm using it rarely. The problem is, that activating the window after long time takes huge amount of time, I'd say that OS realized the application is no longer used and swapped it. I don't want OS to swap my KeePass (because of the loading lag, and also because of security - I don't like the idea of password keeping program's memory to be stored anywhere on HDD). Is there any possibility how to tell OS not to swap some program? Or, is this achievable by some programming?

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• Debug unstable Apache server under Debian

  - by almo

  Since yesterday my Apache server that runs on a Debian machine runs very unstable. Sometiems my websites load and sometimes not. I think it has to do with the memory since my Apache log is full of Out of memory (allocated 262144) (tried to allocate 4480 bytes). I also attached a screenshot of the memory graph. A server restart resolves the problem temporarily. I looked at the processes that are using memory but the biggest one is MySQL with 6.5%. Where else can look for the problem? Edit: I did a free -m right after rebooting and one about 2 hours later. I think the trend is visible: root@xxx:~# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4016 731 3284 0 80 200 -/+ buffers/cache: 449 3566 Swap: 459 0 459 root@xxx:~# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 4016 2466 1550 0 92 473 -/+ buffers/cache: 1900 2115 Swap: 459 0 459

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• Resize the /var directory in redhat enterprise edition 4

  - by Sri

  I am running NDB mysql. the log files fills up the /var directory. therefore i cant start the ndbd service now. as a temporary fix, i have deleted the log files and again working fine. but again the log files fill up the /var directory. i got plenty of space in other partition. therefore i would like to swap the partition from one directory to /var. here if my input from df -h Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 ext3 54G 2.9G 49G 6% / /dev/cciss/c0d0p1 ext3 99M 14M 81M 14% /boot none tmpfs 1013M 0 1013M 0% /dev/shm /dev/cciss/c0d0p2 ext3 9.7G 9.7G 0 100% /var there are plenty of space in /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00. Therefore i will like to swap 10 G space from this directory to /var. could you please help me out to solve this problem?

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• Replace gvimext.dll in Windows 8

  - by Leftium

  How can I get the "Edit with ... using tabs" functionality in gVim on Windows 8 (64-bit)? I'd like to swap out gVim's stock gvimext.dll for one that adds an "Edit with ... using tabs" option to Explorer's right-click context menu. On Windows 7 (64-bit) I used to be able to download the DLL and swap it in by following these instructions. However, I can't get it to work in Windows 8. The stock installation's context menu (sans "... using tabs") works fine (without a restart) ...but after replacing the DLL the gVim context menu options disappear and the gvimext.dll no longer seems to even load. (Windows 8 was restarted) if I again replace gvimext.dll with a backup of the stock DLL, the context menu options remain missing and the DLL still seems to fail to load (Windows 8 was restarted, again) If I re-install gVim, the context menu items return (even without a restart) What is the difference here between Windows 7 (where swapping DLL's works) and Windows 8 (where swapping DLL's fails)?

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• How to convert OpenVZ OS templte to bootable to image file?

  - by Medi

  My question is how to convert a pre-created OpenVZ OS template which are in tar.gz format (such as these) to an image file in order to be able boot it with other virtualization solutions such as QEMU or VirtualBox. In order to achieve this, I made an empty image file, I partitioned it, and made two partition, a primary partition and a extended partition for swap. I made the first partition ext3 (0x83) and the other one swap (0x82). Then I made the first one bootable, and copied the content of tar.gz to the first partition. But when I try to boot, it hangs at the first stage of booting.

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• Is putting swapfile & temp folder in ramdisk a good idea in Windows 7 64 bit with lots of ram?

  - by Tony_Henrich

  I want my Windows to run as fast as possible. If I have 12GB ram in Windows 7 64bit, quad core cpu, and all apps fit in memory, will the swap file ever be used for anything? The question is about if its a good idea to put the swap file in a ram disk. Would a ram disk help in any way or will Windows intelligently use all the available memory for all its work? I am also thinking of putting the temp folder in a ram disk. I know ram disk is volatile memory and I don't care about its content in it if it gets lost.

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• Hot-swapping drives

  - by user57770

  I have hot swap drives and controllers, but have never actually used the hot swap capability. What is the procedure for doing so? Do I need to warn Linux that I'm about to pull a drive out? Should I do anything after I put a drive back in? Does it make a difference whether the drive is part of a RAID set? The drives are generally RAIDed, but not always. Any RAID sets are managed by Linux, rather than the controller. The machines are running Fedora and CentOS.

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• How to change memory for DomU runtime

  - by saffron

  I have a xen server with xen-4.1.3, linux-image-3.2.0-3-amd64, debian squeeze and 16Gb of RAM. The domain-0 has 1Gb of ram, the rest of memory belongs to the hypervisor. I want to start a guest domain with a minimal amount of memory and increase it runtime later. When I start a guest domain with 256Mb of ram and run xm mem-set domu 4Gb, I get ~3Gb only in domu and a guest domain free says: root@test:~# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 2830620 72868 2757752 0 2432 43504 -/+ buffers/cache: 26932 2803688 Swap: 1048572 0 1048572 And a guest domain dmesg says: [ 0.000000] Memory: 175912k/2883584k available (3527k kernel code, 448k absent, 2707224k reserved, 3210k data, 612k init) When I start a guest domain with 2Gb of ram I can run xm mem-set domu 7Gb and get ~7Gb of ram in a guest domain: root@test:~# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 6828228 74944 6753284 0 1328 12568 -/+ buffers/cache: 61048 6767180 Swap: 1048572 0 1048572 And a guest domain dmesg: [ 0.000000] Memory: 1674960k/16651264k available (3527k kernel code, 448k absent, 14975856k reserved, 3210k data, 612k init) How can I start a guest domain with a minimal amount of ram (256Mb) and increase it under 15Gb?

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• codility challenge, test case OK , Evaluation report Wrong Answer

  - by Hussein Fawzy

  the aluminium 2014 gives me wrong answer [3 , 9 , -6 , 7 ,-3 , 9 , -6 , -10] got 25 expected 28 but when i repeated the challenge with the same code and make case test it gives me the correct answer Your test case [3, 9, -6, 7, -3, 9, -6, -10] : NO RUNTIME ERRORS (returned value: 28) what is the wrong with it ??? the challenge :- A non-empty zero-indexed array A consisting of N integers is given. A pair of integers (P, Q), such that 0 = P = Q < N, is called a slice of array A. The sum of a slice (P, Q) is the total of A[P] + A[P+1] + ... + A[Q]. The maximum sum is the maximum sum of any slice of A. For example, consider array A such that: A[0] = 3 A[1] = 2 A[2] = -6 A[3] = 3 A[4] = 1 For example (0, 1) is a slice of A that has sum A[0] + A[1] = 5. This is the maximum sum of A. You can perform a single swap operation in array A. This operation takes two indices I and J, such that 0 = I = J < N, and exchanges the values of A[I] and A[J]. To goal is to find the maximum sum you can achieve after performing a single swap. For example, after swapping elements 2 and 4, you will get the following array A: A[0] = 3 A[1] = 2 A[2] = 1 A[3] = 3 A[4] = -6 After that, (0, 3) is a slice of A that has the sum A[0] + A[1] + A[2] + A[3] = 9. This is the maximum sum of A after a single swap. Write a function: class Solution { public int solution(int[] A); } that, given a non-empty zero-indexed array A of N integers, returns the maximum sum of any slice of A after a single swap operation. For example, given: A[0] = 3 A[1] = 2 A[2] = -6 A[3] = 3 A[4] = 1 the function should return 9, as explained above. and my code is :- import java.math.*; class Solution { public int solution(int[] A) { if(A.length == 1) return A[0]; else if (A.length==2) return A[0]+A[1]; else{ int finalMaxSum = A[0]; for (int l=0 ; l<A.length ; l++){ for (int k = l+1 ; k<A.length ; k++ ){ int [] newA = A; int temp = newA[l]; newA [l] = newA[k]; newA[k]=temp; int maxSum = newA[0]; int current_max = newA[0]; for(int i = 1; i < newA.length; i++) { current_max = Math.max(A[i], current_max + newA[i]); maxSum = Math.max(maxSum, current_max); } finalMaxSum = Math.max(finalMaxSum , maxSum); } } return finalMaxSum; } } } i don't know what's the wrong with it ??

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• Roguelike FOV problem

  - by Manderin87

  I am working on a college compsci project and I would like some help with a field of view algorithm. I works mostly, but in some situations the algorithm sees through walls and hilights walls the player should not be able to see. void cMap::los(int x0, int y0, int radius) { //Does line of sight from any particular tile for(int x = 0; x < m_Height; x++) { for(int y = 0; y < m_Width; y++) { getTile(x,y)->setVisible(false); } } double xdif = 0; double ydif = 0; bool visible = false; float dist = 0; for (int x = MAX(x0 - radius,0); x < MIN(x0 + radius, m_Height); x++) { //Loops through x values within view radius for (int y = MAX(y0 - radius,0); y < MIN(y0 + radius, m_Width); y++) { //Loops through y values within view radius xdif = pow( (double) x - x0, 2); ydif = pow( (double) y - y0, 2); dist = (float) sqrt(xdif + ydif); //Gets the distance between the two points if (dist <= radius) { //If the tile is within view distance, visible = line(x0, y0, x, y); //check if it can be seen. if (visible) { //If it can be seen, getTile(x,y)->setVisible(true); //Mark that tile as viewable } } } } } bool cMap::line(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1) { bool steep = abs(y1-y0) > abs(x1-x0); if (steep) { swap(x0, y0); swap(x1, y1); } if (x0 > x1) { swap(x0,x1); swap(y0,y1); } int deltax = x1-x0; int deltay = abs(y1-y0); int error = deltax/2; int ystep; int y = y0; if (y0 < y1) ystep = 1; else ystep = -1; for (int x = x0; x < x1; x++) { if ( steep && getTile(y,x)->isBlocked()) { getTile(y,x)->setVisible(true); getTile(y,x)->setDiscovered(true); return false; } else if (!steep && getTile(x,y)->isBlocked()) { getTile(x,y)->setVisible(true); getTile(x,y)->setDiscovered(true); return false; } error -= deltay; if (error < 0) { y = y + ystep; error = error + deltax; } } return true; } If anyone could help me make the first blocked tiles visible but stops the rest, I would appreciate it. thanks, Manderin87

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• Ubuntu 12.04LTS mountall: Disconnected from Plymouth

  - by user169954

  I have ubuntu 12.04LTS 64bit running on an i5 dual core 8G RAM. On startup I get the message mountall: Disconnected from Plymouth [OK] And the system looks stuck. However, if I go to tty1, then I can login and startx and everything seems to be fine except for being a bit sluggish. I can verify that my nfs mounts are ok, and that my swap is ok. Every time I reboot the system there is a _gdm_gdm_crash file in my /var/crash, which makes me think my problem is rooted in gdm, X configs and/or nvidia drivers. A bit of background in case it's relevant: 3 hours ago my desktop crashed. Following various 'tips' on the web I made a complete mess of my X server and X configuration files, and at one point I even had to recreate my swap partition. Anyway, after much struggle I managed to get to the state I mentioned above: I have a working system provided I always login through tty1. What is this Plymouth anyway? Would it make a difference if I used gnome-wm instead of gdm or lightdm? (I mean to the startup, not to me :-) What bit of config do I change to tell startx to use gnome-wm not gdm or ligthdm? Thank you in advance

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• Standards Corner: OAuth WG Client Registration Problem

  - by Tanu Sood

  Phil Hunt is an active member of multiple industry standards groups and committees (see brief bio at the end of the post) and has spearheaded discussions, creation and ratifications of  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} industry standards including the Kantara Identity Governance Framework, among others. Being an active voice in the industry standards development world, we have invited him to share his discussions, thoughts, news & updates, and discuss use cases, implementation success stories (and even failures) around industry standards on this monthly column. Author: Phil Hunt This afternoon, the OAuth Working Group will meet at IETF88 in Vancouver to discuss some important topics important to the maturation of OAuth. One of them is the OAuth client registration problem.OAuth (RFC6749) was initially developed with a simple deployment model where there is only monopoly or singleton cloud instance of a web API (e.g. there is one Facebook, one Google, on LinkedIn, and so on). When the API publisher and API deployer are the same monolithic entity, it easy for developers to contact the provider and register their app to obtain a client_id and credential.But what happens when the API is for an open source project where there may be 1000s of deployed copies of the API (e.g. such as wordpress). In these cases, the authors of the API are not the people running the API. In these scenarios, how does the developer obtain a client_id? An example of an "open deployed" API is OpenID Connect. Connect defines an OAuth protected resource API that can provide personal information about an authenticated user -- in effect creating a potentially common API for potential identity providers like Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Salesforce, or Oracle. In Oracle's case, Fusion applications will soon have RESTful APIs that are deployed in many different ways in many different environments. How will developers write apps that can work against an openly deployed API with whom the developer can have no prior relationship?At present, the OAuth Working Group has two proposals two consider: Dynamic RegistrationDynamic Registration was originally developed for OpenID Connect and UMA. It defines a RESTful API in which a prospective client application with no client_id creates a new client registration record with a service provider and is issued a client_id and credential along with a registration token that can be used to update registration over time.As proof of success, the OIDC community has done substantial implementation of this spec and feels committed to its use. Why not approve?Well, the answer is that some of us had some concerns, namely: Recognizing instances of software - dynamic registration treats all clients as unique. It has no defined way to recognize that multiple copies of the same client are being registered other then assuming if the registration parameters are similar it might be the same client. Versioning and Policy Approval of open APIs and clients - many service providers have to worry about change management. They expect to have approval cycles that approve versions of server and client software for use in their environment. In some cases approval might be wide open, but in many cases, approval might be down to the specific class of software and version. Registration updates - when does a client actually need to update its registration? Shouldn't it be never? Is there some characteristic of deployed code that would cause it to change? Options lead to complexity - because each client is treated as unique, it becomes unclear how the clients and servers will agree on what credentials forms are acceptable and what OAuth features are allowed and disallowed. Yet the reality is, developers will write their application to work in a limited number of ways. They can't implement all the permutations and combinations that potential service providers might choose. Stateful registration - if the primary motivation for registration is to obtain a client_id and credential, why can't this be done in a stateless fashion using assertions? Denial of service - With so much stateful registration and the need for multiple tokens to be issued, will this not lead to a denial of service attack / risk of resource depletion? At the very least, because of the information gathered, it would difficult for service providers to clean up "failed" registrations and determine active from inactive or false clients. There has yet to be much wide-scale "production" use of dynamic registration other than in small closed communities. Client Association A second proposal, Client Association, has been put forward by Tony Nadalin of Microsoft and myself. We took at look at existing use patterns to come up with a new proposal. At the Berlin meeting, we considered how WS-STS systems work. More recently, I took a review of how mobile messaging clients work. I looked at how Apple, Google, and Microsoft each handle registration with APNS, GCM, and WNS, and a similar pattern emerges. This pattern is to use an existing credential (mutual TLS auth), or client bearer assertion and swap for a device specific bearer assertion.In the client association proposal, the developer's registration with the API publisher is handled by having the developer register with an API publisher (as opposed to the party deploying the API) and obtaining a software "statement". Or, if there is no "publisher" that can sign a statement, the developer may include their own self-asserted software statement.A software statement is a special type of assertion that serves to lock application registration profile information in a signed assertion. The statement is included with the client application and can then be used by the client to swap for an instance specific client assertion as defined by section 4.2 of the OAuth Assertion draft and profiled in the Client Association draft. The software statement provides a way for service provider to recognize and configure policy to approve classes of software clients, and simplifies the actual registration to a simple assertion swap. Because the registration is an assertion swap, registration is no longer "stateful" - meaning the service provider does not need to store any information to support the client (unless it wants to). Has this been implemented yet? Not directly. We've only delivered draft 00 as an alternate way of solving the problem using well-known patterns whose security characteristics and scale characteristics are well understood. Dynamic Take II At roughly the same time that Client Association and Software Statement were published, the authors of Dynamic Registration published a "split" version of the Dynamic Registration (draft-richer-oauth-dyn-reg-core and draft-richer-oauth-dyn-reg-management). While some of the concerns above are addressed, some differences remain. Registration is now a simple POST request. However it defines a new method for issuing client tokens where as Client Association uses RFC6749's existing extension point. The concern here is whether future client access token formats would be addressed properly. Finally, Dyn-reg-core does not yet support software statements. Conclusion The WG has some interesting discussion to bring this back to a single set of specifications. Dynamic Registration has significant implementation, but Client Association could be a much improved way to simplify implementation of the overall OpenID Connect specification and improve adoption. In fairness, the existing editors have already come a long way. Yet there are those with significant investment in the current draft. There are many that have expressed they don't care. They just want a standard. There is lots of pressure on the working group to reach consensus quickly.And that folks is how the sausage is made.Note: John Bradley and Justin Richer recently published draft-bradley-stateless-oauth-client-00 which on first look are getting closer. Some of the details seem less well defined, but the same could be said of client-assoc and software-statement. I hope we can merge these specs this week. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} About the Writer: Phil Hunt joined Oracle as part of the November 2005 acquisition of OctetString Inc. where he headed software development for what is now Oracle Virtual Directory. Since joining Oracle, Phil works as CMTS in the Identity Standards group at Oracle where he developed the Kantara Identity Governance Framework and provided significant input to JSR 351. Phil participates in several standards development organizations such as IETF and OASIS working on federation, authorization (OAuth), and provisioning (SCIM) standards.  Phil blogs at www.independentid.com and a Twitter handle of @independentid.

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• Error on `gksu nautilus` because Nautilus cannot create folder "/root/.config/nautilus"

  - by luciehn

  I have a problem executing nautilus in root mode on a fresh installation. I just installed Ubuntu 12.04, and the first thing I did after first boot was run the command gksudo nautilus, I've got this error message: Nautilus could not create the required folder "/root/.config/nautilus". Before running Nautilus, please create the following folder, or set permissions such that Nautilus can create it. I am triple booting Windows 7, Fedora 17 and Ubuntu 12.04. My partition configuration is this: sda1 --> (ntfs) Windows 7 boot partition sda2 --> (ntfs) Windows 7 sda3 --> (ext4) Fedora 17 /boot partition sda4 --> Extended partition sda5 --> LVM Fedora 17, with 3 partitions inside (/, /home and swap) sda6 --> (ext4) Ubuntu 12.04 /boot partition sda7 --> (ext4) Ubuntu 12.04 swap partition sda8 --> (ext4) Ubuntu 12.04 / partition sda9 --> (ext4) Ubuntu 12.04 /home partition The MBR is using Windows, so is this one which is controlling the machine boot menu. Looks like Nautilus does not have permission to write in /root/.config, but it should right? I prefer asking before doing nothing wrong. Any ideas?

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• Read only file system

  - by Jack Moon

  I'm running Ubuntu 12.10, Upon opening any shell I get the following error: /home/jack/.rbenv/libexec/rbenv-init: line 87: cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system I realised this wasn't simply a rbenv issue, as any file I try to write to returns an error saying the system is Read-only. I don't know how else to describe my problem, each time I boot up the system goes through a disk check, where it supposedly fixes several errors in my disk. Here is my /etc/fstab # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=1cc4b2ab-a984-4516-ac25-6d64f5050244 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=4e0dfeae-701a-43ce-b5c6-65f15ab3d8e3 none swap sw 0 0 The entire file system is read-only. I've tried the following sudo fsck.ext4 -f /dev/sda1 which gave the following (shortened) output /dev/sda1: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** /dev/sda1: ***** REBOOT LINUX ***** /dev/sda1: 1257080/45268992 files (1.0% non-contiguous), 50696803/181051904 blocks

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• Windows 7 - Ubuntu 10.10 Dual Boot Partitioning Recommendation for HP Laptop OEM

  - by Denja

  Hi Linux Community, After been temporary impressed with the newb Windows 7 and after intensly using it I find my self struggling with the ever slow and buggy windows OS once again. It's Time to go with the Ubuntu/Linux way for a better and faster tomorrow. Unfortunately in my country most Users/Business use Windows based Systems. As a Computer technician i want to learn and use both Systems and possibly introduce New users to more affordable Linux Based Systems. For now I want to create dual-boot or even triple boot layouts on my laptop machine Here's the layout in use now: * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 284,89GB (Primary,Boot,Pagefile,Dump) * HP_TOOLS system partition FAT32 - 99MB (Primary) * (D:) RECOVERY partition NTFS - 12,90GB (Primary) * SYSTEM partition NTFS 199MB (Primary) Here's the layout I want to make. * (C:) Windows 7 system partition NTFS - 60GB (Primary) (sda1) * (D:) Windows data partition (user files) NTFS - 60GB(Extended or Primary)(sda2);wanna share with Linux * Linux root Ext4 - 10GB (Primary)(sda3) * Linux swap swap- RAM size, 3GB (sda4) * Linux home Ext4- 164,9GB (Extended)(sda5) Question 1: Is the layout that i want to make correct as the Primary and Extended Partition concerns ? Question 2: Can I definitely get rid of SYSTEM Boot loader of windows? Question 3: If I get rid of HP_TOOLS and RECOVERY partition will it be a problem? Question 4: Based on my layout what is your suggestion for a Triple Boot layout for OSX or Puppy Linux? Thank you in advance for your advises and suggestions.

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• How do I get a Canon MG, MP and MX series USB printer working?

  - by Old-linux-fan

  Printer MP6150 driver installed itself upon plugging in the printer. Printer is recognized (lsusb shows it) but does not mount. If the printer is recognized, the driver must be working (or?), but something is blocking the system from mounting the printer. Tried the usual things: power of printer, restart Ubuntu etc. Listed below result of lsusb and fstab: hans@kontor-linux:~$ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04a9:174a Canon, Inc. Bus 002 Device 002: ID 1058:1001 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. External Hard Disk [Elements] Bus 004 Device 002: ID 046d:c517 Logitech, Inc. LX710 Cordless Desktop Laser hans@kontor-linux:~$ sudo cat /etc/fstab [sudo] password for hans: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=eaf3b38d-1c81-4de9-98d4-3834d674ff6e / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=93a667d3-6132-45b5-ad51-1f8a46c5b437 none swap sw 0 0 Here is what I have tried: Tried the HK link again, but no luck so far. However, I connected the printer wirelessly to router on other xp box. Installing the driver from ppa:michael-gruz/canon doesn't work, but the driver is installed

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