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• How can I format Custom Data and display in autocomplete when source is an DB

  - by Andres Scarpone

  so I'm trying to get some info in the auto-complete widget like it's shown in the JQuery UI demo Demo, the only problem is they use a variable that they fill with the data they want to show, I instead want to access the data and the different description and stuff using a Data Base in MySQL, for this I have changed the source to use another php page that looks up the info. here is the code for the Auto-complete, I really don't understand the methods so I haven't changed it from the basic search. This is the JS: $(document).ready((function(){ $( "#completa" ).autocomplete({ source: "buscar.php", minLength: 1, focus: function (event, ui){ $("#completa").val(ui.item.val); return false; }; })); This is what I have in buscar.php: <?php $conec = mysql_connect(localhost, root, admin); if(!$conec) { die(mysql_error()); } else { $bd = mysql_select_db("ve_test",$conec ); if(!$bd) { die(mysql_error()); } } $termino = trim(strip_tags($_GET['term']));//Obtener el termino que envia el autocompletar $qstring = "SELECT name, descripcion FROM VE_table WHERE name LIKE '%".$termino."%'"; $result = mysql_query($qstring);//Solicitud a la Base de Datos while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result,MYSQL_ASSOC))//Realizar un LOOP sobre los valores obtenidos { $row['value']=htmlentities(stripslashes($row['name'])); $row_set[] = $row;//build an array } echo json_encode($row_set);//Enviar los datos al autocompletar en codificacion JSON, Altamente Necesario. ?

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• Javascript cloned object looses its prototype functions

  - by Jake M

  I am attempting to clone an object in Javascript. I have made my own 'class' that has prototype functions. My Problem: When I clone an object, the clone cant access/call any prototype functions. I get an error when I go to access a prototype function of the clone: clone.render is not a function Can you tell me how I can clone an object and keep its prototype functions This simple JSFiddle demonstrates the error I get: http://jsfiddle.net/VHEFb/1/ function cloneObject(obj) { // Handle the 3 simple types, and null or undefined if (null == obj || "object" != typeof obj) return obj; // Handle Date if (obj instanceof Date) { var copy = new Date(); copy.setTime(obj.getTime()); return copy; } // Handle Array if (obj instanceof Array) { var copy = []; for (var i = 0, len = obj.length; i < len; ++i) { copy[i] = cloneObject(obj[i]); } return copy; } // Handle Object if (obj instanceof Object) { var copy = {}; for (var attr in obj) { if (obj.hasOwnProperty(attr)) copy[attr] = cloneObject(obj[attr]); } return copy; } throw new Error("Unable to copy obj! Its type isn't supported."); } function MyObject(name) { this.name = name; // I have arrays stored in this object also so a simple cloneNode(true) call wont copy those // thus the need for the function cloneObject(); } MyObject.prototype.render = function() { alert("Render executing: "+this.name); } var base = new MyObject("base"); var clone = cloneObject(base); clone.name = "clone"; base.render(); clone.render(); // Error here: "clone.render is not a function"

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• Inheritence and usage of dynamic_cast

  - by Mewzer

  Hello, Suppose I have 3 classes as follows (as this is an example, it will not compile!): class Base { public: Base(){} virtual ~Base(){} virtual void DoSomething() = 0; virtual void DoSomethingElse() = 0; }; class Derived1 { public: Derived1(){} virtual ~Derived1(){} virtual void DoSomething(){ ... } virtual void DoSomethingElse(){ ... } virtual void SpecialD1DoSomething{ ... } }; class Derived2 { public: Derived2(){} virtual ~Derived2(){} virtual void DoSomething(){ ... } virtual void DoSomethingElse(){ ... } virtual void SpecialD2DoSomething{ ... } }; I want to create an instance of Derived1 or Derived2 depending on some setting that is not available until run-time. As I cannot determine the derived type until run-time, then do you think the following is bad practice?... class X { public: .... void GetConfigurationValue() { .... // Get configuration setting, I need a "Derived1" b = new Derived1(); // Now I want to call the special DoSomething for Derived1 (dynamic_cast<Derived1*>(b))->SpecialD1DoSomething(); } private: Base* b; }; I have generally read that usage of dynamic_cast is bad, but as I said, I don't know which type to create until run-time. Please help!

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• Load javascript in app engine

  - by user624392

  I got so confused loading javascript in app engine. I am using django template. In my base html file. First I can't load my downloaded jquery from local say d:/jquery.js like <script src="d:\jquery.js" type="text/javascript" ></script></head>, This line is in my base html file. It works when I load jquery from remote. Like <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5.1/jquery.min.js"type="text/javascript" ></script></head> I dont know why. Second, I can't load my own-created javascript to my html file, say I create a javascript like layout. Js and I try to load it like this in my child html file, which, by the way, inherits from the base html. <body><script src="layout.js" type="text/javascript"></script></body>, And it doesn't work at all, the only way it works I have tried is that I put the actual javascript in the body of my base html file. Like <body><script> $(document).ready( $("#yes"). Click(function() { $("#no"). Hide("slow"); })); </script> I dont know why either... Any help?

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• Geohashing - recursively find neighbors of neighbors

  - by itsme

  I am now looking for an elegant algorithm to recursively find neighbors of neighbors with the geohashing algorithm (http://www.geohash.org). Basically take a central geohash, and then get the first 'ring' of same-size hashes around it (8 elements), then, in the next step, get the next ring around the first etc. etc. Have you heard of an elegant way to do so? Brute force could be to take each neighbor and get their neighbors simply ignoring the massive overlap. Neighbors around one central geohash has been solved many times (here e.g. in Ruby: http://github.com/masuidrive/pr_geohash/blob/master/lib/pr_geohash.rb) Edit for clarification: Current solution, with passing in a center key and a direction, like this (with corresponding lookup-tables): def adjacent(geohash, dir) base, lastChr = geohash[0..-2], geohash[-1,1] type = (geohash.length % 2)==1 ? :odd : :even if BORDERS[dir][type].include?(lastChr) base = adjacent(base, dir) end base + BASE32[NEIGHBORS[dir][type].index(lastChr),1] end (extract from Yuichiro MASUI's lib) I say this approach will get ugly soon, because directions gets ugly once we are in ring two or three. The algorithm would ideally simply take two parameters, the center area and the distance from 0 being the center geohash only (["u0m"] and 1 being the first ring made of 8 geohashes of the same size around it (= [["u0t", "u0w"], ["u0q", "u0n"], ["u0j", "u0h"], ["u0k", "u0s"]]). two being the second ring with 16 areas around the first ring etc. Do you see any way to deduce the 'rings' from the bits in an elegant way?

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• How do I structure my tests with Python unittest module?

  - by persepolis

  I'm trying to build a test framework for automated webtesting in selenium and unittest, and I want to structure my tests into distinct scripts. So I've organised it as following: base.py - This will contain, for now, the base selenium test case class for setting up a session. import unittest from selenium import webdriver # Base Selenium Test class from which all test cases inherit. class BaseSeleniumTest(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.browser = webdriver.Firefox() def tearDown(self): self.browser.close() main.py - I want this to be the overall test suite from which all the individual tests are run. import unittest import test_example if __name__ == "__main__": SeTestSuite = test_example.TitleSpelling() unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(SeTestSuite) test_example.py - An example test case, it might be nice to make these run on their own too. from base import BaseSeleniumTest # Test the spelling of the title class TitleSpelling(BaseSeleniumTest): def test_a(self): self.assertTrue(False) def test_b(self): self.assertTrue(True) The problem is that when I run main.py I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "H:\Python\testframework\main.py", line 5, in <module> SeTestSuite = test_example.TitleSpelling() File "C:\Python27\lib\unittest\case.py", line 191, in __init__ (self.__class__, methodName)) ValueError: no such test method in <class 'test_example.TitleSpelling'>: runTest I suspect this is due to the very special way in which unittest runs and I must have missed a trick on how the docs expect me to structure my tests. Any pointers?

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• Django tutorial says I haven't set DATABASE_ENGINE setting yet... but I have

  - by Joe

  I'm working through the Django tutorial and receiving the following error when I run the initial python manage.py syncdb: Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 11, in <module> execute_manager(settings) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 362 in execute_manager utility.execute() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 303, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 195, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **options.__dict__) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 222, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 351, in handle return self.handle_noargs(**options) File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/syncdb.py", line 49, in handle_noargs cursor = connection.cursor() File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/dummy/base.py", line 15, in complain raise ImproperlyConfigured, "You haven't set the DATABASE_ENGINE setting yet." django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: You haven't set the DATABASE_ENGINE setting yet. My settings.py looks like: DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'. 'NAME': 'dj_tut', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3. 'USER': '', # Not used with sqlite3. 'PASSWORD': '', # Not used with sqlite3. 'HOST': '', # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3. 'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3. } } I'm guessing this is something simple, but why isn't it seeing the ENGINE setting?

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• Problem in mutiple :dependent=> :destroy when multiple polymorphic is true

  - by piemesons

  I have four models question, answer, comment and vote.Consider it same as stackoverflow. Question has_many comments Answers has_many comments Questions has_many votes answers has_many votes comments has_many votes Here are the models (only relevant things) class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :commentable, :polymorphic => true has_many :votes, :as => :votable, :dependent => :destroy end class Question < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :comments, :as => :commentable, :dependent => :destroy has_many :answers, :dependent => :destroy has_many :votes, :as => :votable, :dependent => :destroy end class Vote < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :votable, :polymorphic => true end class Answer < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :question, :counter_cache => true has_many :comments, :as => :commentable , :dependent => :destroy end Now the problem is whenever i am trying to delete any question/answer/comment its giving me an error NoMethodError in QuestionsController#destroy undefined method `each' for 0:Fixnum if i remove this line from any of the model (question/answer/comment) has_many :votes, :as => :votable, :dependent => :destroy then it works perfectly. It seems there is a problem while deleting the records active record is not able to find out the proper path because of multiple joins within the tables.

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• Rails creating users, roles, and projects

  - by Bobby

  I am still fairly new to rails and activerecord, so please excuse any oversights. I have 3 models that I'm trying to tie together (and a 4th to actually do the tying) to create a permission scheme using user-defined roles. class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :user_projects has_many :projects, :through => :user_projects has_many :project_roles, :through => :user_projects end class Project < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :user_projects has_many :users, :through => :user_projects has_many :project_roles end class ProjectRole < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :projects belongs_to :user_projects end class UserProject < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :project has_one :project_role attr_accessible :project_role_id end The project_roles model contains a user-defined role name, and booleans that define whether the given role has permissions for a specific task. I'm looking for an elegant solution to reference that from anywhere within the project piece of my application easily. I do already have a role system implemented for the entire application. What I'm really looking for though is that the users will be able to manage their own roles on a per-project basis. Every project gets setup with an immutable default admin role, and the project creator gets added upon project creation. Since the users are creating the roles, I would like to be able to pull a list of role names from the project and user models through association (for display purposes), but for testing access, I would like to simply reference them by what they have access to without having reference them by name. Perhaps something like this? def has_perm?(permission, user) # The permission that I'm testing user.current_project.project_roles.each do |role| if role.send(permission) # Not sure that's right... do_stuff end end end I think I'm in over my head on this one because I keep running in circles on how I can best implement this.

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• OO Design: use Properties or Overloaded methods?

  - by Robert Frank

  Question about OO design. Suppose I have a base object vehicle. And two descendants: truck and automobile. Further, suppose the base object has a base method: FixFlatTire(); abstract; When the truck and automobile override the base object's, they require different information from the caller. Am I better off overloading FixFlatTire like this in the two descendant objects: Procedure Truck.FixFlatTire( OfficePhoneNumber: String; NumberOfAxles: Integer): Override; Overload; Procedure Automobile.FixFlatTire( WifesPhoneNumber: String; AAAMembershipID: String): Override; Overload; Or introducing new properties in each of the descendants and then setting them before calling FixFlatTire, like this: Truck.OfficePhoneNumber := '555-555-1212'; Truck.NumberOfAxles := 18; Truck.FixFlatTire(); Automobile.WifesPhoneNumber := '555-555-2323'; Automobile.AAAMembershipID := 'ABC'; Automobile.FixFlatTire();

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• Rails nested attributes with a join model, where one of the models being joined is a new record

  - by gzuki

  I'm trying to build a grid, in rails, for entering data. It has rows and columns, and rows and columns are joined by cells. In my view, I need for the grid to be able to handle having 'new' rows and columns on the edge, so that if you type in them and then submit, they are automatically generated, and their shared cells are connected to them correctly. I want to be able to do this without JS. Rails nested attributes fail to handle being mapped to both a new record and a new column, they can only do one or the other. The reason is that they are a nested specifically in one of the two models, and whichever one they aren't nested in will have no id (since it doesn't exist yet), and when pushed through accepts_nested_attributes_for on the top level Grid model, they will only be bound to the new object created for whatever they were nested in. How can I handle this? Do I have to override rails handling of nested attributes? My models look like this, btw: class Grid < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :rows has_many :columns has_many :cells, :through => :rows accepts_nested_attributes_for :rows, :allow_destroy => true, :reject_if => lambda {|a| a[:description].blank? } accepts_nested_attributes_for :columns, :allow_destroy => true, :reject_if => lambda {|a| a[:description].blank? } end class Column < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :grid has_many :cells, :dependent => :destroy has_many :rows, :through => :grid end class Row < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :grid has_many :cells, :dependent => :destroy has_many :columns, :through => :grid accepts_nested_attributes_for :cells end class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :row belongs_to :column has_one :grid, :through => :row end

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• How do I avoid a race condition in my Rails app?

  - by Cathal

  Hi, I have a really simple Rails application that allows users to register their attendance on a set of courses. The ActiveRecord models are as follows: class Course < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :scheduled_runs ... end class ScheduledRun < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :course has_many :attendances has_many :attendees, :through => :attendances ... end class Attendance < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :scheduled_run, :counter_cache => true ... end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :attendances has_many :registered_courses, :through => :attendances, :source => :scheduled_run end A ScheduledRun instance has a finite number of places available, and once the limit is reached, no more attendances can be accepted. def full? attendances_count == capacity end attendances_count is a counter cache column holding the number of attendance associations created for a particular ScheduledRun record. My problem is that I don't fully know the correct way to ensure that a race condition doesn't occur when 1 or more people attempt to register for the last available place on a course at the same time. My Attendance controller looks like this: class AttendancesController < ApplicationController before_filter :load_scheduled_run before_filter :load_user, :only => :create def new @user = User.new end def create unless @user.valid? render :action => 'new' end @attendance = @user.attendances.build(:scheduled_run_id => params[:scheduled_run_id]) if @attendance.save flash[:notice] = "Successfully created attendance." redirect_to root_url else render :action => 'new' end end protected def load_scheduled_run @run = ScheduledRun.find(params[:scheduled_run_id]) end def load_user @user = User.create_new_or_load_existing(params[:user]) end end As you can see, it doesn't take into account where the ScheduledRun instance has already reached capacity. Any help on this would be greatly appreciated.

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• Reusable non generic method for generic methods

  - by Jehof

  I have the following base interface public interface IHandler{ void Handle(IMessage message); } and an generic interface inheriting the base interface public interface IHandler<TMessage> : IHandler where TMessage : IMessage{ void Handle(TMessage message); } My classes can implement the interface IHandler<TMessage> mutiple times. IMessage is an base interface for messages and isn´t relevant here. Currently i´m implementing the interfaces as follows. public class ExampleHandler : IHandler<ExampleMessage>, IHandler<OtherExampleMessag>{ void IHandler.Handle(IMessage message){ ExampleMessage example = message as ExampleMessage; if (example != null) { Handle(example); } else { OtherExampleMessage otherExample = message as OtherExampleMessage; if (otherExample != null) { Handle(otherExample); } } public void Handle(ExampleMessage) { //handle message; } public void Handle(OtherExampleMessage) { //handle message; } } What bothers me is the way i have to implement the Handle(IMessage) method, cause in my opinion its many redundant code, and i have to extend the method each time when i implement a new IHandler<TMessage> interface on my class. What i´m looking for is a more generic way to implement the Handle(IMessage) method (maybe in a base class for Handlers), but i´m currently stuck how to do that.

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• Database schema to store AND, OR relation, association

  - by user455387

  Many thanks for your help on this. In order for an entreprise to get a call for tender it must meet certain requirements. For the first example the enterprise must have a minimal class 4, and have qualification 2 in sector 5. Minimal class is always one number. Qualification can be anything (single, or multiple using AND, OR logical operators) I have created tables in order to map each number to it's given name. Now I need to store requirements in the database. minimal class 4 Sector Qualification 5.2 minimal class 2 Sector Qualifications 3.9 and 3.10 minimal class 3 Sector Qualifications 6.1 or 6.3 minimal class 1 Sector Qualifications (3.1 and 3.2) or 5.6 class Domain < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :domain_classes has_many :domain_sectors has_many :sector_qualifications, :through => :domain_sectors end class DomainClass < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :domain end class DomainSector < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :domain has_many :sector_qualifications end class SectorQualification < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :domain_sector end create_table "domains", :force => true do |t| t.string "name" end create_table "domain_classes", :force => true do |t| t.integer "number" t.integer "domain_id" end create_table "domain_sectors", :force => true do |t| t.string "name" t.integer "number" t.integer "domain_id" end create_table "sector_qualifications", :force => true do |t| t.string "name" t.integer "number" t.integer "domain_sector_id" end

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• How do I create a polymorphic model with a collection_select?

  - by muxe

  This are my models: class Speaker < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :session, :foreign_key => :session_id, :class_name => :Session belongs_to :speakable, :polymorphic => true end class Session < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :speakers accepts_nested_attributes_for :speakers end class Person < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :speakers, :as => :speakable end class Company < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :speakers, :as => :speakable end What I want to do now is something like this: app/views/sessions/edit.html.erb <% f.fields_for :speakers do |sf| %> <p> <%= sf.label :speaker %><br /> <%= sf.collection_select :speakable, Company.all + Person.all, :id, :full_name %> </p> <% end %> But it is not working because of the polymorphic assignment. How do I approach this problem? EDIT: The Error is: undefined method `base_class' for String:Class with params being: "speaker"=>{"speakable"=>"1063885469", "session_id"=>"1007692731"} The value passed to speakable is the id of the Speaker/Company. Yes, this is the value I specified the collection_select to return, but how can I manage to supply both values (speakable_id and speakable_type) ?

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• How do I access abstract private data from derived class without friend or 'getter' functions in C++?

  - by John

  So, I am caught up in a dilemma right now. How am I suppose to access a pure abstract base class private member variable from a derived class? I have heard from a friend that it is possible to access it through the base constructor, but he didn't explain. How is it possible? There are some inherited classes from base class. Is there any way to gain access to the private variables ? class Base_button { private: bool is_vis; Rect rButton; public: // Constructors Base_button(); Base_button( const Point &corner, double height, double width ); // Destructor virtual ~ Base_button(); // Accessors virtual void draw() const = 0; bool clicked( const Point &click ) const; bool is_visible() const; // Mutators virtual void show(); virtual void hide(); void move( const Point &loc ); }; class Button : public Base_button { private: Message mButton; public: // Constructors Button(); Button( const Point &corner, const string &label ); // Acessors virtual void draw() const; // Mutators virtual void show(); virtual void hide(); }; I want to be able access Rect and bool in the base class from the subclass

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• stdio data from write not making it into a file

  - by user1551209

  I'm having a problem with using stdio commands for manipulating data in a file. I short, when I write data into a file, write returns an int indicating that it was successful, but when I read it back out I only get the old data. Here's a stripped down version of the code: fd = open(filename,O_RDWR|O_APPEND); struct dE *cDE = malloc(sizeof(struct dE)); //Read present data printf("\nreading values at %d\n",off); printf("SeekStatus <%d>\n",lseek(fd,off,SEEK_SET)); printf("ReadStatus <%d>\n",read(fd,cDE,deSize)); printf("current Key/Data <%d/%s>\n",cDE->key,cDE->data); printf("\nwriting new values\n"); //Change the values locally cDE->key = //something new cDE->data = //something new //Write them back printf("SeekStatus <%d>\n",lseek(fd,off,SEEK_SET)); printf("WriteStatus <%d>\n",write(fd,cDE,deSize)); //Re-read to make sure that it got written back printf("\nre-reading values at %d\n",off); printf("SeekStatus <%d>\n",lseek(fd,off,SEEK_SET)); printf("ReadStatus <%d>\n",read(fd,cDE,deSize)); printf("current Key/Data <%d/%s>\n",cDE->key,cDE->data); Furthermore, here's the dE struct in case you're wondering: struct dE { int key; char data[DataSize]; }; This prints: reading values at 1072 SeekStatus <1072> ReadStatus <32> current Key/Data <27/old> writing new values SeekStatus <1072> WriteStatus <32> re-reading values at 1072 SeekStatus <1072> ReadStatus <32> current Key/Data <27/old>

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• Force calling the derived class implementation within a generic function in C#?

  - by Adam Hardy

  Ok so I'm currently working with a set of classes that I don't have control over in some pretty generic functions using these objects. Instead of writing literally tens of functions that essentially do the same thing for each class I decided to use a generic function instead. Now the classes I'm dealing with are a little weird in that the derived classes share many of the same properties but the base class that they are derived from doesn't. One such property example is .Parent which exists on a huge number of derived classes but not on the base class and it is this property that I need to use. For ease of understanding I've created a small example as follows: class StandardBaseClass {} // These are simulating the SMO objects class StandardDerivedClass : StandardBaseClass { public object Parent { get; set; } } static class Extensions { public static object GetParent(this StandardDerivedClass sdc) { return sdc.Parent; } public static object GetParent(this StandardBaseClass sbc) { throw new NotImplementedException("StandardBaseClass does not contain a property Parent"); } // This is the Generic function I'm trying to write and need the Parent property. public static void DoSomething<T>(T foo) where T : StandardBaseClass { object Parent = ((T)foo).GetParent(); } } In the above example calling DoSomething() will throw the NotImplemented Exception in the base class's implementation of GetParent(), even though I'm forcing the cast to T which is a StandardDerivedClass. This is contrary to other casting behaviour where by downcasting will force the use of the base class's implementation. I see this behaviour as a bug. Has anyone else out there encountered this?

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• has_many :through default values

  - by David Lyod

  I have a need to design a system to track users memberships to groups with varying roles (currently three). class Group < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships has_many :users, :through => :memberships end class Role < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships has_many :users, :through => :memberships end class Membership < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :role belongs_to :group end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :memberships has_many :groups, :through => :memberships end Ideally what I want is to simply set @group.users << @user and have the membership have the correct role. I can use :conditions to select data that has been manually inserted as such : :conditions => ["memberships.grouprole_id= ? ", Grouprole.find_by_name('user')] But when creating the membership to the group the grouprole_id is not being set. Is there a way to do this as at present I have a somewhat repetitive piece of code for each user role in my Group model.

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• Why should I install Python packages into `~/.local`?

  - by Matthew Rankin

  Background I don't develop using OS X's system provided Python versions (on OS X 10.6 that's Python 2.5.4 and 2.6.1). I don't install anything in the site-packages directory for the OS provided versions of Python. (The only exception is Mercurial installed from a binary package, which installs two packages in the Python 2.6.1 site-packages directory.) I installed three versions of Python, all using the Mac OS X installer disk image: Python 2.6.6 Python 2.7 Python 3.1.2 I don't like polluting the site-packages directory for my Python installations. So I only install the following five base packages in the site-packages directory. For the actual method/commands used to install these, see SO Question 4324558. setuptools/ez_setup distribute pip virtualenv virtualenvwrapper All other packages are installed in virtualenvs. I am the only user of this MacBook. Questions Given the above background, why should I install the five base packages in ~/.local? Since I'm installing these base packages into the site-packages directories of Python distributions that I've installed, I'm isolated from the OS X's Python distributions. Using this method, should I be concerned about Glyph's comment that other things could potentially break (see his comment below)? Again, I'm only interested in where to install those five base packages. Related Questions/Info I'm asking because of Glyph's comment to my answer to SO question 4314376, which stated: NO. NEVER EVER do sudo python setup.py install whatever. Write a ~/.pydistutils.cfg that puts your pip installation into ~/.local or something. Especially files named ez_setup.py tend to suck down newer versions of things like setuptools and easy_install, which can potentially break other things on your operating system. Previously, I asked What's the proper way to install pip, virtualenv, and distribute for Python?. However, no one answered the "why" of using ~/.local.

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• Variable from block is put into a calculation but throws off wrong reading

  - by user2926620

  I am having troubles with trying to retrieve a double variable that is already established outside the block and called inside but I want to return the value of the same variable so that I can apply it to a calculation. the variable that I want returned is: double quarter = 0; but when I plug it into quarter in my first else/if statement, it plugs in 0 and not the value in my switch block. What can I do to retrieve the value? double quarter = 0; //Date entry will be calculated by how much KW user enters switch (input) { case "2/15/13": quarter = kwUsed * 0.10; break; case "4/15/13": quarter = kwUsed * 0.12; break; case "8/15/13": quarter = kwUsed * 0.15; break; case "11/15/13": quarter = kwUsed * 0.15; break; default: System.out.println("Invalid date"); } //Declaring variables for calculations double base = 0; double over = 0; double excess = 0; double math1 = 0; double math2 = 0; //KW Calculations if (kwUsed <= 350) { base = quarter; }else if (kwUsed <= 500) { math1 = ((kwUsed - 350) * quarter); base = ((kwUsed * quarter) - math1); over = ((math1 * 0.1) + math1); }else if (kwUsed > 500) { math2 = ((kwUsed - 350) * 0.1); base = ((kwUsed * 0.1) - math2); math2 = ((kwUsed -350) - 50); over = ((math2 * 0.1) + (15 * 0.1)); double math3 =((kwUsed - 500) * 0.1); excess = ((math3 * 0.25) + math3); } Edited to clarify question.

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• Why is this giving me an infinite loop?

  - by Chase Yuan

  I was going through a code used to calculate investments until it has doubled and I received an infinite loop that I can't seem to solve. Can anyone figure out why this is giving me an infinite loop? I've gone through myself but I can't seem to find the problem. The "period" referred is how many times per year the interest is compounded. double account = 0; //declares the variables to be used double base = 0; double interest = 0; double rate = 0; double result = 0; double times = 0; int years = 0; int j; System.out.println("This is a program that calculates interest."); Scanner kbReader = new Scanner(System.in); //enters in all data System.out.print("Enter account balance: "); account = kbReader.nextDouble(); System.out.print("Enter interest rate (as decimal): "); rate = kbReader.nextDouble(); System.out.println(" " + "Years to double" + " " + "Ending balance"); base = account; result = account; for (j=0; j<3; j++){ System.out.print("Enter period: "); times = kbReader.nextDouble(); while (account < base*2){ interest = account * rate / times; account = interest + base; years++; } account = (((int)(account * 100))/100.0); //results System.out.print(" " + i + " " + account + "\n"); account = result; } The code should ask for three "periods", or three different times the entered data is compounded per year (ex annually, monthly, daily etc.) Thanks a lot!

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• Mutate an object into an instance of one its subclasses

  - by Gohu

  Hi, Is it possible to mutate an object into an instance of a derived class of the initial's object class? Something like: class Base(): def __init__(self): self.a = 1 def mutate(self): self = Derived() class Derived(Base): def __init__(self): self.b = 2 But that doesn't work. >>> obj = Base() >>> obj.mutate() >>> obj.a 1 >>> obj.b AttributeError... If this isn't possible, how should I do otherwise? My problem is the following: My Base class is like a "summary", and the Derived class is the "whole thing". Of course getting the "whole thing" is a bit expensive so working on summaries as long as it is possible is the point of having these two classes. But you should be able to get it if you want, and then there's no point in having the summary anymore, so every reference to the summary should now be (or contain, at least) the whole thing. I guess I would have to create a class that can hold both, right? class Thing(): def __init__(self): self.summary = Summary() self.whole = None def get_whole_thing(self): self.whole = Whole()

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• Ajax Control Toolkit Now Supports jQuery

  - by Stephen.Walther

  I’m excited to announce the September 2013 release of the Ajax Control Toolkit, which now supports building new Ajax Control Toolkit controls with jQuery. You can download the latest release of the Ajax Control Toolkit from http://AjaxControlToolkit.CodePlex.com or you can install the Ajax Control Toolkit directly within Visual Studio by executing the following NuGet command: The New jQuery Extender Base Class This release of the Ajax Control Toolkit introduces a new jQueryExtender base class. This new base class enables you to create Ajax Control Toolkit controls with jQuery instead of the Microsoft Ajax Library. Currently, only one control in the Ajax Control Toolkit has been rewritten to use the new jQueryExtender base class (only one control has been jQueryized). The ToggleButton control is the first of the Ajax Control Toolkit controls to undergo this dramatic transformation. All of the other controls in the Ajax Control Toolkit are written using the Microsoft Ajax Library. We hope to gradually rewrite these controls as jQuery controls over time. You can view the new jQuery ToggleButton live at the Ajax Control Toolkit sample site: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/ToggleButton/ToggleButton.aspx Why are we rewriting Ajax Control Toolkits with jQuery? There are very few developers actively working with the Microsoft Ajax Library while there are thousands of developers actively working with jQuery. Because we want talented developers in the community to continue to contribute to the Ajax Control Toolkit, and because almost all JavaScript developers are familiar with jQuery, it makes sense to support jQuery with the Ajax Control Toolkit. Also, we believe that the Ajax Control Toolkit is a great framework for Web Forms developers who want to build new ASP.NET controls that use JavaScript. The Ajax Control Toolkit has great features such as automatic bundling, minification, caching, and compression. We want to make it easy for ASP.NET developers to build new controls that take advantage of these features. Instantiating Controls with data-* Attributes We took advantage of the new JQueryExtender base class to change the way that Ajax Control Toolkit controls are instantiated. In the past, adding an Ajax Control Toolkit to a page resulted in inline JavaScript being injected into the page. For example, adding the ToggleButton control to a page injected the following HTML and script: <input id="ctl00_SampleContent_CheckBox1" name="ctl00$SampleContent$CheckBox1" type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(Sys.Extended.UI.ToggleButtonBehavior, {"CheckedImageAlternateText":"Check", "CheckedImageUrl":"ToggleButton_Checked.gif", "ImageHeight":19, "ImageWidth":19, "UncheckedImageAlternateText":"UnCheck", "UncheckedImageUrl":"ToggleButton_Unchecked.gif", "id":"ctl00_SampleContent_ToggleButtonExtender1"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_SampleContent_CheckBox1")); }); //]]> </script> Notice the call to the JavaScript $create() method at the bottom of the page. When using the Microsoft Ajax Library, this call to the $create() method is necessary to create the Ajax Control Toolkit control. This inline script looks pretty ugly to a modern JavaScript developer. Inline script! Horrible! The jQuery version of the ToggleButton injects the following HTML and script into the page: <input id="ctl00_SampleContent_CheckBox1" name="ctl00$SampleContent$CheckBox1" type="checkbox" checked="checked" data-act-togglebuttonextender="imageWidth:19, imageHeight:19, uncheckedImageUrl:'ToggleButton_Unchecked.gif', checkedImageUrl:'ToggleButton_Checked.gif', uncheckedImageAlternateText:'I don&#39;t understand why you don&#39;t like ASP.NET', checkedImageAlternateText:'It&#39;s really nice to hear from you that you like ASP.NET'" /> Notice that there is no script! There is no call to the $create() method. In fact, there is no inline JavaScript at all. The jQuery version of the ToggleButton uses an HTML5 data-* attribute instead of an inline script. The ToggleButton control is instantiated with a data-act-togglebuttonextender attribute. Using data-* attributes results in much cleaner markup (You don’t need to feel embarrassed when selecting View Source in your browser). Ajax Control Toolkit versus jQuery So in a jQuery world why is the Ajax Control Toolkit needed at all? Why not just use jQuery plugins instead of the Ajax Control Toolkit? For example, there are lots of jQuery ToggleButton plugins floating around the Internet. Why not just use one of these jQuery plugins instead of using the Ajax Control Toolkit ToggleButton control? There are three main reasons why the Ajax Control Toolkit continues to be valuable in a jQuery world: Ajax Control Toolkit controls run on both the server and client jQuery plugins are client only. A jQuery plugin does not include any server-side code. If you need to perform any work on the server – think of the AjaxFileUpload control – then you can’t use a pure jQuery solution. Ajax Control Toolkit controls provide a better Visual Studio experience You don’t get any design time experience when you use jQuery plugins within Visual Studio. Ajax Control Toolkit controls, on the other hand, are designed to work with Visual Studio. For example, you can use the Visual Studio Properties window to set Ajax Control Toolkit control properties. Ajax Control Toolkit controls shield you from working with JavaScript I like writing code in JavaScript. However, not all developers like JavaScript and some developers want to completely avoid writing any JavaScript code at all. The Ajax Control Toolkit enables you to take advantage of JavaScript (and the latest features of HTML5) in your ASP.NET Web Forms websites without writing a single line of JavaScript. Better ToolkitScriptManager Documentation With this release, we have added more detailed documentation for using the ToolkitScriptManager. In particular, we added documentation that describes how to take advantage of the new bundling, minification, compression, and caching features of the Ajax Control Toolkit. The ToolkitScriptManager documentation is part of the Ajax Control Toolkit sample site and it can be read here: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/ToolkitScriptManager/ToolkitScriptManager.aspx Other Fixes This release of the Ajax Control Toolkit includes several important bug fixes. For example, the Ajax Control Toolkit Twitter control was completely rewritten with this release. Twitter is in the process of retiring the first version of their API. You can read about their plans here: https://dev.twitter.com/blog/planning-for-api-v1-retirement We completely rewrote the Ajax Control Toolkit Twitter control to use the new Twitter API. To take advantage of the new Twitter API, you must get a key and access token from Twitter and add the key and token to your web.config file. Detailed instructions for using the new version of the Ajax Control Toolkit Twitter control can be found here: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/Twitter/Twitter.aspx   Summary We’ve made some really great changes to the Ajax Control Toolkit over the last two releases to modernize the toolkit. In the previous release, we updated the Ajax Control Toolkit to use a better bundling, minification, compression, and caching system. With this release, we updated the Ajax Control Toolkit to support jQuery. We also continue to update the Ajax Control Toolkit with important bug fixes. I hope you like these changes and I look forward to hearing your feedback.

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• Code excavations, wishful invocations, perimeters and domain specific unit test frameworks

  - by RoyOsherove

  One of the talks I did at QCON London was about a subject that I’ve come across fairly recently , when I was building SilverUnit – a “pure” unit test framework for silverlight objects that depend on the silverlight runtime to run. It is the concept of “cogs in the machine” – when your piece of code needs to run inside a host framework or runtime that you have little or no control over for testability related matters. Examples of such cogs and machines can be: your custom control running inside silverlight runtime in the browser your plug-in running inside an IDE your activity running inside a windows workflow your code running inside a java EE bean your code inheriting from a COM+ (enterprise services) component etc.. Not all of these are necessarily testability problems. The main testability problem usually comes when your code actually inherits form something inside the system. For example. one of the biggest problems with testing objects like silverlight controls is the way they depend on the silverlight runtime – they don’t implement some silverlight interface, they don’t just call external static methods against the framework runtime that surrounds them – they actually inherit parts of the framework: they all inherit (in this case) from the silverlight DependencyObject Wrapping it up? An inheritance dependency is uniquely challenging to bring under test, because “classic” methods such as wrapping the object under test with a framework wrapper will not work, and the only way to do manually is to create parallel testable objects that get delegated with all the possible actions from the dependencies.    In silverlight’s case, that would mean creating your own custom logic class that would be called directly from controls that inherit from silverlight, and would be tested independently of these controls. The pro side is that you get the benefit of understanding the “contract” and the “roles” your system plays against your logic, but unfortunately, more often than not, it can be very tedious to create, and may sometimes feel unnecessary or like code duplication. About perimeters A perimeter is that invisible line that your draw around your pieces of logic during a test, that separate the code under test from any dependencies that it uses. Most of the time, a test perimeter around an object will be the list of seams (dependencies that can be replaced such as interfaces, virtual methods etc.) that are actually replaced for that test or for all the tests. Role based perimeters In the case of creating a wrapper around an object – one really creates a “role based” perimeter around the logic that is being tested – that wrapper takes on roles that are required by the code under test, and also communicates with the host system to implement those roles and provide any inputs to the logic under test. in the image below – we have the code we want to test represented as a star. No perimeter is drawn yet (we haven’t wrapped it up in anything yet). in the image below is what happens when you wrap your logic with a role based wrapper – you get a role based perimeter anywhere your code interacts with the system: There’s another way to bring that code under test – using isolation frameworks like typemock, rhino mocks and MOQ (but if your code inherits from the system, Typemock might be the only way to isolate the code from the system interaction.   Ad-Hoc Isolation perimeters the image below shows what I call ad-hoc perimeter that might be vastly different between different tests: This perimeter’s surface is much smaller, because for that specific test, that is all the “change” that is required to the host system behavior.   The third way of isolating the code from the host system is the main “meat” of this post: Subterranean perimeters Subterranean perimeters are Deep rooted perimeters  - “always on” seams that that can lie very deep in the heart of the host system where they are fully invisible even to the test itself, not just to the code under test. Because they lie deep inside a system you can’t control, the only way I’ve found to control them is with runtime (not compile time) interception of method calls on the system. One way to get such abilities is by using Aspect oriented frameworks – for example, in SilverUnit, I’ve used the CThru AOP framework based on Typemock hooks and CLR profilers to intercept such system level method calls and effectively turn them into seams that lie deep down at the heart of the silverlight runtime. the image below depicts an example of what such a perimeter could look like: As you can see, the actual seams can be very far away form the actual code under test, and as you’ll discover, that’s actually a very good thing. Here is only a partial list of examples of such deep rooted seams : disabling the constructor of a base class five levels below the code under test (this.base.base.base.base) faking static methods of a type that’s being called several levels down the stack: method x() calls y() calls z() calls SomeType.StaticMethod()  Replacing an async mechanism with a synchronous one (replacing all timers with your own timer behavior that always Ticks immediately upon calls to “start()” on the same caller thread for example) Replacing event mechanisms with your own event mechanism (to allow “firing” system events) Changing the way the system saves information with your own saving behavior (in silverunit, I replaced all Dependency Property set and get with calls to an in memory value store instead of using the one built into silverlight which threw exceptions without a browser) several questions could jump in: How do you know what to fake? (how do you discover the perimeter?) How do you fake it? Wouldn’t this be problematic  - to fake something you don’t own? it might change in the future How do you discover the perimeter to fake? To discover a perimeter all you have to do is start with a wishful invocation. a wishful invocation is the act of trying to invoke a method (or even just create an instance ) of an object using “regular” test code. You invoke the thing that you’d like to do in a real unit test, to see what happens: Can I even create an instance of this object without getting an exception? Can I invoke this method on that instance without getting an exception? Can I verify that some call into the system happened? You make the invocation, get an exception (because there is a dependency) and look at the stack trace. choose a location in the stack trace and disable it. Then try the invocation again. if you don’t get an exception the perimeter is good for that invocation, so you can move to trying out other methods on that object. in a future post I will show the process using CThru, and how you end up with something close to a domain specific test framework after you’re done creating the perimeter you need.

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