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  • What is the best python module skeleton code?

    - by user213060
    == Subjective Question Warning == Looking for well supported opinions or supporting evidence. Let us assume that skeleton code can be good. If you disagree with the very concept of module skeleton code then fine, but please refrain from repeating that opinion here. Many python IDE's will start you with a template like: print 'hello world' That's not enough... So here's my skeleton code to get this question started: My Module Skeleton, Short Version: #!/usr/bin/env python """ Module Docstring """ # ## Code goes here. # def test(): """Testing Docstring""" pass if __name__=='__main__': test() and, My Module Skeleton, Long Version: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: ascii -*- """ Module Docstring Docstrings: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/ """ __author__ = 'Joe Author ([email protected])' __copyright__ = 'Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Joe Author' __license__ = 'New-style BSD' __vcs_id__ = '$Id$' __version__ = '1.2.3' #Versioning: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0386/ # ## Code goes here. # def test(): """ Testing Docstring""" pass if __name__=='__main__': test() Notes: """ ===MODULE TYPE=== Since the vast majority of my modules are "library" types, I have constructed this example skeleton as such. For modules that act as the main entry for running the full application, you would make changes such as running a main() function instead of the test() function in __main__. ===VERSIONING=== The following practice, specified in PEP8, no longer makes sense: __version__ = '$Revision: 1.2.3 $' for two reasons: (1) Distributed version control systems make it neccessary to include more than just a revision number. E.g. author name and revision number. (2) It's a revision number not a version number. Instead, the __vcs_id__ variable is being adopted. This expands to, for example: __vcs_id__ = '$Id: example.py,v 1.1.1.1 2001/07/21 22:14:04 goodger Exp $' ===VCS DATE=== Likewise, the date variable has been removed: __date__ = '$Date: 2009/01/02 20:19:18 $' ===CHARACTER ENCODING=== If the coding is explicitly specified, then it should be set to the default setting of ascii. This can be modified if necessary (rarely in practice). Defaulting to utf-8 can cause anomalies with editors that have poor unicode support. """ There are a lot of PEPs that put forward coding style recommendations. Am I missing any important best practices? What is the best python module skeleton code? Update Show me any kind of "best" that you prefer. Tell us what metrics you used to qualify "best".

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  • compute sound FFT in Flex without playing it

    - by paleozogt
    Flex has the SoundMixer.computeSpectrum function that lets you compute an FFT from the currently playing sound. What I'd like to do is compute an FFT without playing the sound. Since Flash 10.1 lets us access the microphone bytes directly, it seems like I should be able to compute the FFT directly off of what the user is speaking.

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  • How to localize win32 dialogs?

    - by Alien01
    I am working on Win32 dialogs with various controls like Static Text , Checkbox etc and all the strings need to be localized for different languages. I have designed the dialogs for US intl . But when I put localized strings those, not fitting properly and I have to change layout for each intl. Is there a better way to do this? Can I create one dialogs with one layout that should work with all Intsl???

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  • Why is numpy's einsum faster than numpy's built in functions?

    - by Ophion
    Lets start with three arrays of dtype=np.double. Timings are performed on a intel CPU using numpy 1.7.1 compiled with icc and linked to intel's mkl. A AMD cpu with numpy 1.6.1 compiled with gcc without mkl was also used to verify the timings. Please note the timings scale nearly linearly with system size and are not due to the small overhead incurred in the numpy functions if statements these difference will show up in microseconds not milliseconds: arr_1D=np.arange(500,dtype=np.double) large_arr_1D=np.arange(100000,dtype=np.double) arr_2D=np.arange(500**2,dtype=np.double).reshape(500,500) arr_3D=np.arange(500**3,dtype=np.double).reshape(500,500,500) First lets look at the np.sum function: np.all(np.sum(arr_3D)==np.einsum('ijk->',arr_3D)) True %timeit np.sum(arr_3D) 10 loops, best of 3: 142 ms per loop %timeit np.einsum('ijk->', arr_3D) 10 loops, best of 3: 70.2 ms per loop Powers: np.allclose(arr_3D*arr_3D*arr_3D,np.einsum('ijk,ijk,ijk->ijk',arr_3D,arr_3D,arr_3D)) True %timeit arr_3D*arr_3D*arr_3D 1 loops, best of 3: 1.32 s per loop %timeit np.einsum('ijk,ijk,ijk->ijk', arr_3D, arr_3D, arr_3D) 1 loops, best of 3: 694 ms per loop Outer product: np.all(np.outer(arr_1D,arr_1D)==np.einsum('i,k->ik',arr_1D,arr_1D)) True %timeit np.outer(arr_1D, arr_1D) 1000 loops, best of 3: 411 us per loop %timeit np.einsum('i,k->ik', arr_1D, arr_1D) 1000 loops, best of 3: 245 us per loop All of the above are twice as fast with np.einsum. These should be apples to apples comparisons as everything is specifically of dtype=np.double. I would expect the speed up in an operation like this: np.allclose(np.sum(arr_2D*arr_3D),np.einsum('ij,oij->',arr_2D,arr_3D)) True %timeit np.sum(arr_2D*arr_3D) 1 loops, best of 3: 813 ms per loop %timeit np.einsum('ij,oij->', arr_2D, arr_3D) 10 loops, best of 3: 85.1 ms per loop Einsum seems to be at least twice as fast for np.inner, np.outer, np.kron, and np.sum regardless of axes selection. The primary exception being np.dot as it calls DGEMM from a BLAS library. So why is np.einsum faster that other numpy functions that are equivalent? The DGEMM case for completeness: np.allclose(np.dot(arr_2D,arr_2D),np.einsum('ij,jk',arr_2D,arr_2D)) True %timeit np.einsum('ij,jk',arr_2D,arr_2D) 10 loops, best of 3: 56.1 ms per loop %timeit np.dot(arr_2D,arr_2D) 100 loops, best of 3: 5.17 ms per loop The leading theory is from @sebergs comment that np.einsum can make use of SSE2, but numpy's ufuncs will not until numpy 1.8 (see the change log). I believe this is the correct answer, but have not been able to confirm it. Some limited proof can be found by changing the dtype of input array and observing speed difference and the fact that not everyone observes the same trends in timings.

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  • When would you prefer to declare an exception rather than handling it in Java?

    - by Epitaph
    I know we can declare the exception for our method if we want it to be handled by the calling method. This will even allow us to do stuff like write to the OutputStream without wrapping the code in try/catch block if the enclosing method throws IOException. My question is: Can anyone provide an instance where this is usually done where you'd like the super class to handle the exception instead of the current method?

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  • Bad Code example

    - by Anantha Kumaran
    i am sure all of us must have written some bad code at some point in their life. I am a kind of guy who would love to learn from other people mistakes. So can you give some examples of bad code you have written and the way you corrected it.

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  • How to print a web page without using the WebBrowser control

    - by Martin Wiboe
    Hi there, We are using a client application to print out grade sheets from an online application. This has been working flawlessly until the systems were upgraded to IE 8. I now receive this error (Access Denied): http://img707.imageshack.us/img707/5259/62270489.png Apparently, this is a known issue and it cannot be solved. How can I print HTML from a WinForms application without using the IE WebBrowser control? Thanks, Martin Wiboe

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  • Automated regression tests for java applets?

    - by Roy Tang
    We're working on a project with a number of applets that has to work across a large range of OS (WIndows, Mac, Linux), browsers (IE, FF, Safari, etc) and Java versions (1.5+), and it often happens that a fix we apply will cause some sort of security exception an another platform or some other error. Is there any way for us to prepare automated tests to immediately catch those problems in different platforms? I think it's not necessary to check that the gui parts are appearing as intended, but just to detect whether unexpected exceptions are occuring.

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  • Serialization with Qt

    - by Narek
    I am programming a GUI with Qt. In my GUI I have a huge std::map. And "MyType" is a class that has different kinds of filds. So, in a word, I want to serialize the std::map. How can I do that? Does Qt provides us with neccesary features? P.S. I would like to use std::map, NOT QMap.

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  • Sharing assemblies between .Net 4 and Silverlight 4

    - by chris
    At the last PDC (can't remember which talk it was) they gave us the information that it will be possible to share assemblies between regular .Net 4 and Silverlight 4. Unfortunately I can't find anything on this. Was this feature dropped? What options/limitations are there? (There are similar questions on SO but they don't say if they apply to SL3 or 4.)

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  • shape fitting - gis

    - by csetzkorn
    Hi, Let us say I have two shapes. One is a polygon and the other a square. Each shape consists of lines which two points (a latitude/logitude pair). I would like to determine the degree to which the square is within the polygon (percentages 0 ... 100). Is this possible? Any pointers to relevant algorithms would be very much appreciated. Thanks. Christian

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  • Verify Authenticode signature as being from our company for automatic updater

    - by James Johnston
    I am implementing an automatic update feature and need some advice on how to do this securely using best practices. I would like to use the downloaded file's Authenticode signature to verify that it is safe to run (i.e. originates from our company and hasn't been tampered with). My question is very similar to question #2008519. The bottom-line question: what's the best, most secure way to check Authenticode signatures for an automatic update feature? What fields in the certificate should be checked? Requirements being: (1) check signature is valid, (2) check it's my signature, (3) old clients can still update when my certificate expires and I get a new one. Here's some background information / ideas from my research: I believe this could be broken into two steps: Verify that the signature is valid. I believe this should be easy using WinVerifyTrust as outlined in http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa382384(VS.85).aspx - I don't expect problems here. Verify that the signature corresponds to our company, and not another company. This seems to be a more difficult question to answer: One possibility is to check some of the strings in the signature. Could be obtained via code at MS KB article #323809, but this article doesn't make recommendations on what fields should be checked for this type of application (or any other, for that matter). Question #1072540 also illustrates how to get some certificate info, but again doesn't recommend what fields to actually check. My concern is that the strings might not be the best check: what if another person is able to obtain a certificate with the same name, for example? Or if there's a valid reason for us to change the strings in the future? The person at question #2008519 has a very similar requirement. His need for a "TrustedByUs" function is identical to mine. However, he goes about doing the check by comparing public keys. While this would work in the short-term, it seems like it won't work for an automatic update feature. This is because code signing certificates are only valid for 2 - 3 years max. Therefore, in the future, when we buy a new certificate in 2 years, the old clients wouldn't be able to update any more due to the change in public key.

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  • Processor architecture

    - by asj
    While HDDs evolve and offer more and more space on less room, why are we "sticking with" 32-bit or 64-bit? Why can't there be a e.g.: 128-bit processor? (This is not my homework; I'm just a student interested beyond the things they teach us in informatics)

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  • Why use VB.Net instead C#?

    - by HasanGursoy
    A big company says "Minimal knowledge not to ask why don't you use C#" in its job requirements. And as a C# coder I wonder why do they prefer vb.net instead of C#. Also a Microsoft MVP uses vb.net in his Silverlight applications. Is there something Microsoft won't tell us?

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  • How to simulate browser form POST method using PHP/cURL

    - by user283266
    I'm trying to simulate browser with POST method using PHP/cURL. When I looked at that live Http header it shows Content-Type: multipart/form-data. I checked on the internet where it was suggested that cURL will send multipart/form-data when a custom headers is specified to Content-Type: multipart/form-data. $headers = array( 'Content-Type' => 'multipart/form-data; boundary='.$boundary ); This didn't work for me either when I print_r(curl_getinfo()) it showed [content_type] => text/html; charset=UTF-8 Which means cURL sent a default headers I also read that sending/uploading a file with cURL will cause data to be send as multipart/form-data. I created a file which curl uploaded but again when I ran curl_getinfo I got [content_type] => text/html; charset=UTF-8 $data_array = array("field" => "@c:\file_location.txt"); I also tried to read a file content so that the only thing sent would be content NOT ATTACHED FILE but this didn't work for me curl_getinfo shows [content_type] => text/html; charset=UTF-8. $data_array = array("field" => "<c:\file_location.txt"); // note @ replaced with < Do I miss somthing here? This is the referer url POST somepath HTTP/1.1 Host: www(dot)domain(dot)com User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows) Gecko/13081217 Firefox/3 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Referer: url/some-file.php Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=--------------------------$boundary Content-Length: $some_number ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value1" $some_text1 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value2" $some_text2 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value3" $some_text3 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value4" $some_text4 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value5" $some_text5 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value6" $some_text6 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value7" $some_text7 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value8" $some_text8 ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value9" ----------------------------$boundary Content-Disposition: form-data; name="$some_Value10" ----------------------------$boundary-- Here is a piece of code. <? //Include files set_time_limit(0); include'body.php'; include'keyword.php'; include'bio.php'; include'summary.php'; include'headline.php'; include'category.php'; include'spin.php'; include'random-text.php'; $category = category(); $headline = headline() ; $summary = summary(); $keyword = keyword(); $body = body(); $bio = bio(); $target="url"; $ref ="url_ref"; $c = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name="; $boundary = "---------------------------".random_text(); $category = category(); $headline = headline() ; $summary = summary(); $keyword = keyword(); $body = body(); $bio = bio(); // emulating content form as it appears on livehttp header $data = "\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"pen_id\"\r\n\r\n".$Auth_id."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"cat_id\"\r\n\r\n".category()."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"title\"\r\n\r\n".headline()."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"meta_desc\"\r\n\r\n".summary()."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"meta_keys\"\r\n\r\n".keyword()."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"content\"\r\n\r\n".body()."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"author_bio\"\r\n\r\n".bio()."\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"allow_comments\"\r\n\r\ny\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"id\"\r\n\r\n\r\n".$boundary."\r\n".$c."\"action\"\r\n\r\n\r\n".$boundary."--\r\n"; // inserting content into a file $file = "C:\file_path.txt"; $fh = fopen($file, 'w+') or die("Can't open file"); fwrite($fh,$data); fclose($fh); // pulling out content from a file as multipart/form-data $data_array = array ("field" => "<C:\file_path.txt"); $headers = array ( 'POST /myhome/article/new HTTP/1.1', 'Host: url', 'User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.20) Gecko/20081217 Firefox/2.0.0.20 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)', 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5', 'Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate', 'Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7', 'Keep-Alive: 300', 'Connection: keep-alive', 'Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary='.$boundary, 'Content-Length: '.strlen($data), ); # Create the cURL session $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $target); // Define target site curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST,1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, $headers); // No http head //curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, $ref); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOBODY, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, TRUE); // Return page in string curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, "c:\cookie\cookies.txt"); // Tell cURL where to write curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "c:\cookie\cookies.txt"); // Tell cURL which cookies //curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, $agent); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, TRUE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "$data_array"); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, TRUE); // Follow redirects curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 4); # Execute the PHP/CURL session and echo the downloaded page $page = curl_exec($ch); $err = curl_error($ch); $info =curl_getinfo($ch); # Close the cURL session curl_close($ch); print_r($err); print_r($info); ?>

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  • Any good open source online RPG starter kit for development ?

    - by Andrew Sky
    Hi there, Does anyone know of a good open source toolkit that allows level designer and graphic designer or someone with basic programming experience to create multiplayer online Role Playing Game ? The game can be a simple 2D interface in a 2d virtual world. I know Microsoft have a starter kit something like the following : http://creators.xna.com/en-US/starterkit/roleplayinggame that allows developer to create RPG game running on XBox platform but i am looking more on multiplayer role playing game on the web platform where player can play directly with their browser. regards Andrew

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  • Application Publisher

    - by mob1lejunkie
    Hi, I am about to finish my Android application. I would like to provide lite version and more complete paid pro version. Unfortunately, Google does not allow Australian developers to sell applications and I don't have any friends in US or UK. Does anyone know of a person/company who would publish my pro application on my behalf? Google search did not bring up any results. Thanks.

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  • AppEngine BlobStore upload failing with a request that works in the Development Environment

    - by Joe Ludwig
    I have an AppEngine application that uses the blobstore to store user-provided image data. When I upload images to that application from a form in Chrome it works fine. When I try to upload an image from an Android application it fails. Both methods work fine if I am running against the development server, but the Android upload doesn't work against the live service. This is the request from Chrome: POST /_ah/upload/?userToken=11001/AMmfu6ZCyMQQ9YdiXal3SmSXIRTQIuSRXkNc-i3JmU0fqx_kJbUJ2OMLcS2lXhVJSK4qs7regViTKzOPz5ejoZYi0nAD5o8vNltiOViQw6DZO7_byZz3Ut0/ALBNUaYAAAAAS_lusgPMAGmpPrg0BuNsJyymX-57ob4i/ HTTP/1.1 Host: photohuntservice.appspot.com Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; en-US) AppleWebKit/532.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/4.1.249.1064 Safari/532.5 Referer: http://photohuntservice.appspot.com/debug_newpuzzle?userToken=11001 Content-Length: 60360 Cache-Control: max-age=0 Origin: http://photohuntservice.appspot.com Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarybl05YLmLbFRf2MzN Accept: application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate,sdch Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8 Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3 ------WebKitFormBoundarybl05YLmLbFRf2MzN Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userToken" 11001 ------WebKitFormBoundarybl05YLmLbFRf2MzN Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="Photo_020908_001.jpg" Content-Type: image/jpeg <image data> ------WebKitFormBoundarybl05YLmLbFRf2MzN Content-Disposition: form-data; name="longitude" -122.084095 ------WebKitFormBoundarybl05YLmLbFRf2MzN Content-Disposition: form-data; name="latitude" 37.422006 ------WebKitFormBoundarybl05YLmLbFRf2MzN-- This is the request from my client (which is written in Java on Android, but I don't think that's relevant): POST /_ah/upload/?userToken=11001/AMmfu6Zf9an6AU4lT9UuhIpxOZyOYb1LMwimFpeSh8zr6J1sX9F2ddJW3Qlsw0kwV3oALv-TNPWRQ6g4_Dgwk0UTwF47bbc78Yl44kDeV69MydTuR3N46S4/ALBNUaYAAAAAS_mMr3CYqTg3aVBDjhRxP0DyyRdvotyG/ HTTP/1.1 Content-Type: multipart/form-data;boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryhdyNAhmOouRDGErG Cache-Control: max-age=0 Accept: */* Origin: http://photohuntservice.appspot.com Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://photohuntservice.appspot.com/getuploadurl?userToken=11001 Content-Length: 2638 Host: photohuntservice.appspot.com User-Agent: Apache-HttpClient/UNAVAILABLE (java 1.4) Expect: 100-Continue ------WebKitFormBoundaryhdyNAhmOouRDGErG Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userToken" 11001 ------WebKitFormBoundaryhdyNAhmOouRDGErG Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img";filename="PhotoHunt.jpg" Content-Type: image/jpeg <image data> ------WebKitFormBoundaryhdyNAhmOouRDGErG Content-Disposition: form-data; name="latitude" 37.422006 ------WebKitFormBoundaryhdyNAhmOouRDGErG Content-Disposition: form-data; name="longitude" -122.084095 ------WebKitFormBoundaryhdyNAhmOouRDGErG-- In both cases the AppEngine Python code to catch the request is the same: class UploadPuzzle( blobstore_handlers.BlobstoreUploadHandler ): def post(self): upload_files = self.get_uploads( ) The problem is that when running on the production AppEngine service self.get_uploads() returns an empty list when the request is made from my client app. Both requests return what I expect (a list with one blob_info in it) on the development server, and Chrome returns what I expect in both cases.

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