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  • How should I declare default values for instance variables in Python?

    - by int3
    Should I give my class members default values like this: class Foo: num = 1 or like this? class Foo: def __init__(self): self.num = 1 In this question I discovered that in both cases, bar = Foo() bar.num += 1 is a well-defined operation. I understand that the first method will give me a class variable while the second one will not. However, if I do not require a class variable, but only need to set a default value for my instance variables, are both methods equally good? Or one of them more 'pythonic' than the other? One thing I've noticed is that in the Django tutorial, they use the second method to declare Models. Personally I think the second method is more elegant, but I'd like to know what the 'standard' way is.

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  • fastest way to search through this data object? (python)

    - by victor
    I have a data object that looks like this: { 'node-16': { 'tags': ['cuda'], 'localNodes': [ { 'name': 'nC', 'consumesFrom': ['nA', 'nB'], 'classType': 'VectorAdder.VectorAdder' }, { 'name': 'nB', 'consumesFrom': None, 'classType': 'RandomVector' } ] }, 'node-17': { 'tags': ['boring'], 'localNodes': [ { 'name': 'nA', 'consumesFrom': None, 'classType': 'RandomVector' } ] } } Notice that node nA is a producer for nC. What's the fastest way to find out if a given localNode is a producer for another localnode in the data structure (and not within the same list)? For example, I would like to know that nA (node-17) produces for nC (exists on node-16). But I don't need to know that nB produces for nC, since they exist in the same localNodes list.

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  • Why can I not access this class member in python?

    - by Peter Smit
    I have the following code class Transcription(object): WORD = 0 PHONE = 1 STATE = 2 def __init__(self): self.transcriptions = [] def align_transcription(self,model,target=Transcription.PHONE): pass The important part here is that I would like to have a class member as default value for a variable. This however gives the following error: NameError: name 'Transcription' is not defined Why is this not possible and what is the right (pythonic) way to do something like this.

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  • Python appengine Query does not work when using a variable.

    - by Lloyd
    Hi, I am trying to use a fetcher method to retrieve items from my datastore. If I use the following def getItem(item_id): q = Item.all() q.filter("itemid = ", item_id) It fails because nothing is returned. If I hard code in an item like def getItem(item_id): q = Item.all() q.filter("itemid = ", 9000) it fetches just fine, and sings merrily along. I have tried every which way to get this to work. I have used result = db.GqlQuery("SELECT * FROM Item WHERE item_id = :1 LIMIT 1", title).fetch(1) to the same effect. If I hard code in a number, works fine. I have tried setting the select statement as a local string, assembling it that way, casting the int as a string, and nothing. When I output the SELECT statement to the screen, looks fine. I can cut ans paste the output into the string, and whammo, it works. Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Fastest way to find the closest point to a given point in 3D, in Python.

    - by Saebin
    So lets say I have 10,000 points in A and 10,000 points in B and want to find out the closest point in A for every B point. Currently, I simply loop through every point in B and A to find which one is closest in distance. ie. B = [(.5, 1, 1), (1, .1, 1), (1, 1, .2)] A = [(1, 1, .3), (1, 0, 1), (.4, 1, 1)] C = {} for bp in B: closestDist = -1 for ap in A: dist = sum(((bp[0]-ap[0])**2, (bp[1]-ap[1])**2, (bp[2]-ap[2])**2)) if(closestDist > dist or closestDist == -1): C[bp] = ap closestDist = dist print C However, I am sure there is a faster way to do this... any ideas?

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  • How to replace&add the dataframe element by another dataframe in Python Pandas?

    - by bigbug
    Suppose I have two data frame 'df_a' & 'df_b' , both have the same index structure and columns, but some of the inside data elements are different: >>> df_a sales cogs STK_ID QT 000876 1 100 100 2 100 100 3 100 100 4 100 100 5 100 100 6 100 100 7 100 100 >>> df_b sales cogs STK_ID QT 000876 5 50 50 6 50 50 7 50 50 8 50 50 9 50 50 10 50 50 And now I want to replace the element of df_a by element of df_b which have the same (index, column) coordinate, and attach df_b's elements whose (index, column) coordinate beyond the scope of df_a . Just like add a patch 'df_b' to 'df_a' : >>> df_c = patch(df_a,df_b) sales cogs STK_ID QT 000876 1 100 100 2 100 100 3 100 100 4 100 100 5 50 50 6 50 50 7 50 50 8 50 50 9 50 50 10 50 50 How to write the 'patch(df_a,df_b)' function ?

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  • How do i call a method by a string name using python?

    - by gath
    I have the following class; class myStringMethod(): def __init__(self): self.func_list= [('func1','print_func1()'),('func2','print_func2()')] def print_func1(self, name): print name def print_func2(self, name): print name def call_func_by_name(self): for func in self.func_list: getattr(self, func[1])('Func Name') if __name__=='__main__': strM = myStringMethod() strM.call_func_by_name() #Nothing prints out! No functions get called out, what am i missing? gath

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  • Python: How to write data in file in specific format?

    - by sasha
    i have an array called MAC1_Val: MAC1_Val array([ 1.00000000e+00, -1.00000000e+01, -2.06306600e+02, 2.22635749e+02, 1.00000000e+00, 1.00000000e+01, 1.00000000e+01, -2.06306600e+02, 2.22635749e+02, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 1.00000000e+00, -1.08892735e+01, 1.88607749e+01, 1.03153300e+01, -1.78666757e+01, 3.33333333e-07, -3.33333333e-07, -4.21637021e-05, 4.21637021e-05, 9.98844400e-01, -1.73973001e-03, 1.20938900e-03, 1.87742948e-03, -3.33333333e-03, 6.66666667e-03, -3.33333333e-03, -2.64911064e-01, -2.60959501e+01, 2.81614422e+01, 3.33333333e-03, -6.66666667e-03, 3.33333333e-03, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]) and i want to write in file (.txt) values in specific format like this: 1.000000e+00 -1.000000e+01 -2.063066e+02 2.226357e+02 1.000000e+00 1.000000e+01 ....... note that are 6 digits behind floating point any suggestions how to do this? thanks in advance!

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  • Handling extra newlines in csv files parsed with Python?

    - by rmihalyi
    I have a CSV file that contains extra newlines in some fields, e.g.: A, B, C, D, E, F 123, 456, tree , very, bla, indigo I tried the following: import csv catalog = csv.reader(open('test.csv', 'rU'), delimiter=",", dialect=csv.excel_tab) for row in catalog: print "Length: ", len(row), row and the result I got was this: Length: 6 ['A', ' B', ' C', ' D', ' E', ' F'] Length: 3 ['123', ' 456', ' tree'] Length: 4 [' ', ' very', ' bla', ' indigo'] Does anyone have any idea how I can quickly remove extraneous newlines? Thanks!

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  • In Python, how do I remove the "root" tag in an HTML snippet?

    - by Chung Wu
    Suppose I have an HTML snippet like this: <div> Hello <strong>There</strong> <div>I think <em>I am</em> feeing better!</div> <div>Don't you?</div> Yup! </div> What's the best/most robust way to remove the surrounding root element, so it looks like this: Hello <strong>There</strong> <div>I think <em>I am</em> feeing better!</div> <div>Don't you?</div> Yup! I've tried using lxml.html like this: lxml.html.fromstring(fragment_string).drop_tag() But that only gives me "Hello", which I guess makes sense. Any better ideas?

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  • Should Python import statements always be at the top of a module?

    - by Adam J. Forster
    PEP 08 states: Imports are always put at the top of the file, just after any module comments and docstrings, and before module globals and constants. However if the class/method/function that I am importing is only used in rare cases, surely it is more efficient to do the import when it is needed? Isn't this: class SomeClass(object): def not_often_called(self) from datetime import datetime self.datetime = datetime.now() more efficient than this? from datetime import datetime class SomeClass(object): def not_often_called(self) self.datetime = datetime.now()

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  • Retrieving information with Python's urllib from a page that is done via __doPostBack()?

    - by Omar
    I'm trying to parse a page that has different sections that are loaded with a Javascript __doPostBack() function. An example of a link is: javascript:__doPostBack('ctl00$cphMain$ucOemSchPicker$dlSch$ctl03$btnSch','') As soon as this is clicked, the browser doesn't fetch a new URL but a section of webpage is updated to reflect new information. What would I pass into a urllib function to complete the operation?

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  • How can I login to a website with Python?

    - by Shady
    How can I do it? I was trying to enter some specified link (with urllib), but to do it, I need to log in. I have this source from the site: <form id="login-form" action="auth/login" method="post"> <div> <!--label for="rememberme">Remember me</label><input type="checkbox" class="remember" checked="checked" name="remember me" /--> <label for="email" id="email-label" class="no-js">Email</label> <input id="email-email" type="text" name="handle" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <label for="combination" id="combo-label" class="no-js">Combination</label> <input id="password-clear" type="text" value="Combination" autocomplete="off" /> <input id="password-password" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <input id="sumbitLogin" class="signin" type="submit" value="Sign In" /> Is this possible?

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  • how to use @ in python.. and the @property and the @classmethods

    - by zjm1126
    this is my code: def a(): print 'sss' @a() def b(): print 'aaa' b() and the Traceback is: sss Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 8, in <module> @a() TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not callable so how to use the '@' thanks updated class a: @property def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b it print : sss None how to use @property thanks updated2 and the classmethods: class a: @classmethods def b(x): print 'sss' aa=a() print aa.b the Traceback is : Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 5, in <module> class a: File "D:\zjm_code\a.py", line 6, in a @classmethods NameError: name 'classmethods' is not defined

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