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  • Basics of drawing in 2d with OpenGL 3 shaders

    - by davidism
    I am new to OpenGL 3 and graphics programming, and want to create some basic 2d graphics. I have the following scenario of how I might go about drawing a basic (but general) 2d rectangle. I'm not sure if this is the correct way to think about it, or, if it is, how to implement it. In my head, here's how I imagine doing it: t = make_rectangle(width, height) build general VBO, centered at 0, 0 optionally: t.set_scale(2) optionally: t.set_angle(30) t.draw_at(x, y) calculates some sort of scale/rotate/translate matrix (or matrices), passes the VBO and the matrix to a shader program Something happens to clip the world to the view visible on screen. I'm really unclear on how 4 and 5 will work. The main problem is that all the tutorials I find either: use fixed function pipeline, are for 3d, or are unclear how to do something this "simple". Can someone provide me with either a better way to think of / do this, or some concrete code detailing performing the transformations in a shader and constructing and passing the data required for this shader transformation?

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  • Bad texture on model with different GPU

    - by Pacha
    I have some kind of distortion on the texture of my 3D model. It works perfectly well on an AMD GPU, but when testing on a integrated Intel HD graphics card it has a weird issue. I don't have a problem with the rest of my entities as they are not scaled. The models with the problems are scaled, as my engine supports different sizes for the platforms. I am using Ogre3D as rendering engine, and GLSL as shader language. Vertex shader: #version 120 varying vec2 UV; void main() { UV = gl_MultiTexCoord0; gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; } Fragment shader: #version 120 varying vec2 UV; uniform sampler2D diffuseMap; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = texture(diffuseMap, UV); } Screenshot (the error is on the right and left side, the top and bottom part are rendered perfectly well):

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  • HLSL: An array of textures and sampler states

    - by nate142
    The shader must switch between multiple textures depending on the Alpha value of the original texture for each pixel. Now this would word fine if I didn't have to worry about SamplerStates. I have created my array of textures and can select a texture based on the Alpha value of the pixel. But how do I create an Array of SamplerStates and link it to my array of textures? I attempted to treat the SamplerState as a function by adding the (int i) but that didn't work. Also I can't use Texture.Sample since this is shader model 2.0. //shader model 2.0 (DX9) texture subTextures[255]; SamplerState MeshTextureSampler(int i) { Texture = (subTextures[i]); }; float4 SampleCompoundTexture(float2 texCoord, float4 diffuse) { float4 SelectedColor = SAMPLE_TEXTURE(Texture, texCoord); int i = SelectedColor.a; texture SelectedTx = subTextures[i]; return tex2D(MeshTextureSampler(i), texCoord) * diffuse; }

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  • Using normals in DirectX 10

    - by Dave
    I've got a working OBJ loader that loads vertices, indices, texture coordinates, and normals. As of right now it doesn't process texture coordinates or normals but it stores them in arrays and creates a valid mesh with the vertices and indices. Now I am trying to figure out how can I make the shader use the correct normal in the array for the current vertex if I can't setnormals() to my mesh. If I were to just use an index in my array of normals corresponding to the index in the vertices, how would I retrieve the current index the shader is processing? BTW: I am trying to write a blinn-phong shader technique. Also when I create the input layout and I've added the semantic NORMAL to it, how would I list the multiple semantics in that single parameter? Would I just separate it with a space? PS: If you need to see any code, just let me know.

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  • Fast lighting with multiple lights

    - by codymanix
    How can I implement fast lighting with multiple lights? I don't want to restrain the player, he can place an unlimited number and possibly overlapping (point) lights into the level. The problem is that shaders which contain dynamic loops which would be necessary to calculate the lighting tend to be very slow. I had the idea that if it could be possible at compiletime to compile a shader n times where n is the number of lights. If the number n is known at compiletime, the loops can be unrolled automatically. Is this possible to generate n versions of the same shader with just a different number of lights? At runtime I could then decide which shader to use for which part of the level.

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  • Fast lighting with multple lights

    - by codymanix
    How can I implement fast lighting with multiple lights? I don't want to restrain the player, he can place an unlimited number and possibly overlapping (point) lights into the level. The problem is that shaders which contain dynamic loops which would be necessary to calculate the lighting tend to be very slow. I had the idea that if it could be possible at compiletime to compile a shader n times where n is the number of lights. If the number n is known at compiletime, the loops can be unrolled automatically. Is this possible to generate n versions of the same shader with just a different number of lights? At runtime I could then decide which shader to use for which part of the level.

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  • How can I make my PHP development environment more efficient?

    - by pixel
    I want to start a home-brew pet project in PHP. I've spent some time in my life developing in PHP and I've always felt it was hard to organize the development environment efficiently. In my previous PHP work, I've used a windows desktop machine and a linux server for development. This configuration had it's advantages: it's easy to configure Apache (and it's modules)/PHP/MySql on a linux box, and, at the time, this configuration was the same like on production server. However, I never successfully set up a debug connection between my Eclipse install and X-debug on server. Transferring files from my local workspace to the server was also very annoying (either ftp or Bazaar script moving files from repository to web root). For my new setup, I'm considering installing everything on my local machine. I'm afraid that it will slow down workstation performance (LAMP + Eclipse), and that compatibility problems will kick-in. What would you recommend? Should I develop using two separate machines? On one? Do you have experience using one of above configurations in your work?

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  • How to simulate objects floating on water without a physics engine?

    - by user1075940
    In my game the water movement is done in a shader using Gerstner equations. The water movement looks realistic enough for a school project but I encounter serious problem when I wanted to do sailing on waves (similar to this). I managed to do collision with land by calculating quad's vertices and normals beneath ship, however same method can not be applied to water because XZ are displaced and Y is calculated in a shader :( How to approach this problem ? Is it possible to retrieve transformed grid from shader? Unfortunately no external physics libraries can be used.

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  • How can I make my PHP development environment more efficient?

    - by pixel
    I want to start a home-brew pet project in PHP. I've spent some time in my life developing in PHP and I've always felt it was hard to organize the development environment efficiently. In my previous PHP work, I've used a windows desktop machine and a linux server for development. This configuration had it's advantages: it's easy to configure Apache (and it's modules)/PHP/MySql on a linux box, and, at the time, this configuration was the same like on production server. However, I never successfully set up a debug connection between my Eclipse install and X-debug on server. Transferring files from my local workspace to the server was also very annoying (either ftp or Bazaar script moving files from repository to web root). For my new setup, I'm considering installing everything on my local machine. I'm afraid that it will slow down workstation performance (LAMP + Eclipse), and that compatibility problems will kick-in. What would you recommend? Should I develop using two separate machines? On one? Do you have experience using one of above configurations in your work?

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  • GPU optimization question: pre-computed or procedural?

    - by Jay
    Good morning, I'm learning shader program and need some general direction. I want to add noise to my laser beam (like this). Which is the best way to handle it? I could pre-compute an image and pass it to the shader. I could then use the image to change the opacity and easily animate the smoke by changing the offset of the texture lookup. I could also generate noise in the shader and do the same thing the texture was used for. Is it generally better to avoid I/O to the graphics card or the opposite? Thanks!

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  • Entity System and rendering

    - by hayer
    Okey, what I know so far; The entity contains a component(data-storage) which holds information like; - Texture/sprite - Shader - etc And then I have a renderer system which draws all this. But what I don't understand is how the renderer should be designed. Should I have one component for each "visual type". One component without shader, one with shader, etc? Just need some input on whats the "correct way" to do this. Tips and pitfalls to watch out for.

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  • Get image pixels of prescribed color

    - by ohadsc
    Hi, I have an image (PNG or JPG) inside which there is at least one pixel of a certain RGB color I know in advance I want to find the pixel(s) of that color For example, I may have image.jpg inside which I know some pixel has the RGB value 255,100,200. I want a program that will give me the list of pixels (if any) of that color in the image Anyone know of a tool to help me with that ? Thanks !

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  • What is the name of the this DOS font? Where and how to add it? Why is there a 1 pixel gap?

    - by JBeurer
    So basically I somehow stepped into this webpage: www.braindamage.vg And the first thing that hit me hard was the lovely DOS fonts, so naturally I wanted to get them into my IDE badly. Opened the html source file and CSS file to find the font name: @font-face { font-family: 'Perfect DOS VGA 437'; src: url('http://www.braindamage.vg/wp-content/themes/braindamage/dosfont.eot'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Perfect DOS VGA 437'; src: url('http://www.braindamage.vg/wp-content/themes/braindamage/dosfont.svg#dos') format("svg"), url('http://www.braindamage.vg/wp-content/themes/braindamage/dosfont.ttf') format ('truetype'); } So I download the font, add it using Control Panel - Fonts. But once I start using it (notepad, MSVS 2008 & MSVS2010) I notice that it looks slightly off: It seems like there's 1 extra pixel between each character. How it should look: What is causing it and how to fix this? Is it the windows XP? (i have disabled font smoothing) Or is there something wrong with the font file?

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  • How do I blend 2 lightmaps for day/night cycle in Unity?

    - by Timothy Williams
    Before I say anything else: I'm using dual lightmaps, meaning I need to blend both a near and a far. So I've been working on this for a while now, I have a whole day/night cycle set up for renderers and lighting, and everything is working fine and not process intensive. The only problem I'm having is figuring out how I could blend two lightmaps together, I've figured out how to switch lightmaps, but the problem is that looks kind of abrupt and interrupts the experience. I've done hours of research on this, tried all kinds of shaders, pixel by pixel blending, and everything else to no real avail. Pixel by pixel blending in C# turned out to be a bit process intensive for my liking, though I'm still working on cleaning it up and making it run more smoothly. Shaders looked promising, but I couldn't find a shader that could properly blend two lightmaps. Does anyone have any leads on how I could accomplish this? I just need some sort of smooth transition between my daytime and nighttime lightmap. Perhaps I could overlay the two textures and use an alpha channel? Or something like that?

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  • Early Z culling - Ogre

    - by teodron
    This question is concerned with how one can enable this "pixel filter" to work within an Ogre based app. Simply put, one can write two passes, the first without writing any colour values to the frame buffer lighting off colour_write off shading flat The second pass is the one that employs heavy pixel shader computations, hence it would be really nice to get rid of those hidden surface patches and not process them pixel-wise. This approach works, except for one thing: objects with alpha, such as billboard trees suffer in a peculiar way - from one side, they seem to capture the sky/background within their alpha region and ignore other trees/houses behind them, while viewed from the other side, they exhibit the desired behavior. To tackle the issue, I thought I could write a custom vertex shader in the first pass and offset the projected Z component of the vertex a little further away from its actual position, so that in the second pass there is a need to recompute correctly the pixels of the objects closest to the camera. This doesn't work at all, all surfaces are processed in the pixel shader and there is no performance gain. So, if anyone has done a similar trick with Ogre and alpha objects, kindly please help.

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  • Collision detection with non-rectangular images

    - by Adam Smith
    I'm creating a game and I need to detect collisions between a character and some parts of the environment. Since my character's frames are taken from a sprite sheet with a transparent background, I'm wondering how I should go about detecting collisions between a wall and my character only if the colliding parts are non-transparent in both images. I thought about checking only if part of the rectangle the character is in touches the rectangle a tile is in and comparing the alpha channels, but then I have another choice to make... Either I test every single pixel against every single pixel in the other image and if one is true, I detect a collision. That would be terribly ineficient. The other option would be to keep a x,y position of the leftmost, rightmost, etc. non-transparent pixel of each image and compare those instead. The problem with this one might be that, for instance, the character's hand could be above a tile (so it would be in a transparent zone of the tile) but a pixel that is not the rightmost could touch part of the tile without being detected. Another problem would be that in different frames, the rightmost, leftmost, etc. pixels might not be at the same position. Should I not bother with that and just check the collisions on the rectangles? It would be simpler, but I'm afraid people.will feel that there are collisions sometimes that shouldn't happen.

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  • how to properly implement alpha blending in a complex 3d scene

    - by Gajet
    I know this question might sound a bit easy to answer but It's driving me crazy. There are too many possible situations that a good alpha blending mechanism should handle, and for each Algorithm I can think of there is something missing. these are the methods I've though about so far: first of I though about object sorting by depth, this one simply fails because Objects are not simple shapes, they might have curves and might loop inside each other. so I can't always tell which one is closer to camera. then I thought about sorting triangles but this one also might fail, thought I'm not sure how to implement it there is a rare case that might again cause problem, in which two triangle pass through each other. again no one can tell which one is nearer. the next thing was using depth buffer, at least the main reason we have depth buffer is because of the problems with sorting that I mentioned but now we get another problem. Since objects might be transparent, in a single pixel there might be more than one object visible. So for which Object should I store pixel depth? I then thought maybe I can only store the most front Object depth, and using that determine how should I blend next draw calls at that pixel. But again there was a problem, think about 2 semi transparent planes with a solid plane in middle of them. I was going to render the solid plane at the end, one can see the most distant plane. note that I was going to merge every two planes until there is only one color left for that pixel. Obviously I can use sorting methods too because of the same reasons I've explained above. Finally the only thing I imagine being able to work is to render all objects into different render targets and then sort those layers and display the final output. But this time I don't know how can I implement this algorithm.

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  • Can i change the order of these OpenGL / Win32 calls?

    - by Adam Naylor
    I've been adapting the NeHe ogl/win32 code to be more object orientated and I don't like the way some of the calls are structured. The example has the following pseudo structure: Register window class Change display settings with a DEVMODE Adjust window rect Create window Get DC Find closest matching pixel format Set the pixel format to closest match Create rendering context Make that context current Show the window Set it to foreground Set it to having focus Resize the GL scene Init GL The points in bold are what I want to move into a rendering class (the rest are what I see being pure win32 calls) but I'm not sure if I can call them after the win32 calls. Essentially what I'm aiming for is to encapsulate the Win32 calls into a Platform::Initiate() type method and the rest into a sort of Renderer::Initiate() method. So my question essentially boils down to: "Would OpenGL allow these methods to be called in this order?" Register window class Adjust window rect Create window Get DC Show the window Set it to foreground Set it to having focus Change display settings with a DEVMODE Find closest matching pixel format Set the pixel format to closest match Create rendering context Make that context current Resize the GL scene Init GL (obviously passing through the appropriate window handles and device contexts.) Thanks in advance.

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  • webgl adding projection doesnt display object

    - by dazed3confused
    I am having a look at web gl, and trying to render a cube, but I am having a problem when I try to add projection into the vertex shader. I have added an attribute, but when I use it to multiple the modelview and position, it stops displaying the cube. Im not sure why and was wondering if anyone could help? Ive tried looking at a few examples but just cant get this to work vertex shader attribute vec3 aVertexPosition; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; uniform mat4 uPMatrix; void main(void) { gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0); //gl_Position = uMVMatrix * vec4(aVertexPosition, 1.0); } fragment shader #ifdef GL_ES precision highp float; // Not sure why this is required, need to google it #endif uniform vec4 uColor; void main() { gl_FragColor = uColor; } function init() { // Get a reference to our drawing surface canvas = document.getElementById("webglSurface"); gl = canvas.getContext("experimental-webgl"); /** Create our simple program **/ // Get our shaders var v = document.getElementById("vertexShader").firstChild.nodeValue; var f = document.getElementById("fragmentShader").firstChild.nodeValue; // Compile vertex shader var vs = gl.createShader(gl.VERTEX_SHADER); gl.shaderSource(vs, v); gl.compileShader(vs); // Compile fragment shader var fs = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER); gl.shaderSource(fs, f); gl.compileShader(fs); // Create program and attach shaders program = gl.createProgram(); gl.attachShader(program, vs); gl.attachShader(program, fs); gl.linkProgram(program); // Some debug code to check for shader compile errors and log them to console if (!gl.getShaderParameter(vs, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) console.log(gl.getShaderInfoLog(vs)); if (!gl.getShaderParameter(fs, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) console.log(gl.getShaderInfoLog(fs)); if (!gl.getProgramParameter(program, gl.LINK_STATUS)) console.log(gl.getProgramInfoLog(program)); /* Create some simple VBOs*/ // Vertices for a cube var vertices = new Float32Array([ -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, // 0 -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, // 1 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, // 2 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, // 3 -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, // 4 -0.5, -0.5, -0.5, // 5 -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, // 6 -0.5,-0.5, -0.5 // 7 ]); // Indices of the cube var indicies = new Int16Array([ 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, // front 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 7, // back 0, 1, 5, 0, 5, 4, // left 2, 3, 6, 6, 3, 7, // right 0, 4, 2, 4, 2, 6, // top 5, 3, 1, 5, 3, 7 // bottom ]); // create vertices object on the GPU vbo = gl.createBuffer(); gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices, gl.STATIC_DRAW); // Create indicies object on th GPU ibo = gl.createBuffer(); gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo); gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indicies, gl.STATIC_DRAW); gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST); // Render scene every 33 milliseconds setInterval(render, 33); } var mvMatrix = mat4.create(); var pMatrix = mat4.create(); function render() { // Set our viewport and clear it before we render gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height); gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.useProgram(program); // Bind appropriate VBOs gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo); gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo); // Set the color for the fragment shader program.uColor = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "uColor"); gl.uniform4fv(program.uColor, [0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 1.0]); // // code.google.com/p/glmatrix/wiki/Usage program.uPMatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "uPMatrix"); program.uMVMatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "uMVMatrix"); mat4.perspective(45, gl.viewportWidth / gl.viewportHeight, 1.0, 10.0, pMatrix); mat4.identity(mvMatrix); mat4.translate(mvMatrix, [0.0, -0.25, -1.0]); gl.uniformMatrix4fv(program.uPMatrix, false, pMatrix); gl.uniformMatrix4fv(program.uMVMatrix, false, mvMatrix); // Set the position for the vertex shader program.aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(program, "aVertexPosition"); gl.enableVertexAttribArray(program.aVertexPosition); gl.vertexAttribPointer(program.aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 3*4, 0); // position // Render the Object gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, 36, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0); } Thanks in advance for any help

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  • Build config file into executable?

    - by REM
    I am currently working on a little graphics demo (using DirectX) which is primarily based around an HLSL shader I am working on. Using the D3DX10CreateEffectFromFile I am loading (and compiling the shader) at runtime as I find it easier for tweaking. However, once I am done I'd like to do some combination of the following: Pre-compile the shader so the demo starts up faster for the user Bury (compile into the executable) the compiled shader (or maybe just the source if necessary) Primarily, I want to do this because I want the demo to just be one file that can be very easily copied around. One thing I could easily do is just put the source text right into a cpp but that would be very tedious I needed to update it later. Is it possible to do something like this (using Visual Studio, DirectX, HLSL)?

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  • How can a computer render a CLI/console along with a GUI?

    - by Nathaniel Bennett
    I'm confused when looking into graphics - specifically with operating systems. I mean, how can a computer render a CLI/console along with a GUI? GUI's are completely different from text. And how can we have GUI windows that display text interfaces, ie how can we have CLI in modern Graphics Operating system - that's what I'm mainly trying to grip on to. How does graphics get rendered to display? Is there some sort of memory address that a GPU access which holds all pixel data, and there system's within OS's that gather the pixel position of windows and widgets, along with the Z Index and rasterize them to that memory address, which then the GPU loads to the screen? How about the CLI's integrated with Graphics? How does the OS tell the GPU that a certain part of the screen wants to display text while the rest wants to display pixel data?

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  • How Did we get from CLI to Graphics?

    - by Nathaniel Bennett
    I'm confused when looking into graphics - specifically with operating systems. I mean, how can a computer render a CLI/console along with a GUI. GUI's are completely different from Text. and How Can we have GUI windows that Display Text interfaces, ie how can we have CLI in modern Graphics Operating system - that's what I'm mainly trying to grip on to. How Do Graphic's get rendered to display? is there some sort of memory address that a GPU access which holds all pixel data, and there system's within OS's that Gather the pixel position of Windows and Widgets, along with the Z Index and rasterize them to that memory address, which then the GPU loads to the screen? How About the CLI's integrated with Graphics? how does the OS Tell the GPU that a certain part of the screen wants to display text while the rest, whats to display pixel data? it's all very confusing. Shed some light in it, will ya?

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  • How to structure well my adwords campaign?

    - by Romain Dorange
    I am starting an adwords campaigns and I will measure conversion rates using the Adwords conversion tracking pixel. Conversion might be account creation or a concrete sale. As it will be a test campaign to have some insights on CTR, CR, etc... on the future, I am likely to try several configurations. two differents ads with different landing URL and messages : one with a focus on the product / the other will contains a discount embedded in the URL 4 differents groups/thematics of keywords I guess I have to build 4 ads groups based on the keywords 2 ads with the different messages assign the two ads to each ads groups follow the campaign precisely in the ads tabs where I can see the effectiveness of each Ads per Ads Groups (for a total of 8 lines of reporting) Am I right ? Also, what are the KPI I can have from an adwords campaign tu measure global effectiveness? measure of ROI from concrete sales (tracking pixel with e-commerce tag on confirmation page) measure of ROI from leads acquisition (tracking pixel on account creation) measure of traffic increase with the campaign Thanks a lot.

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  • How to structure my AdWords campaign for testing and different groups of keywords?

    - by Romain Dorange
    I am starting an AdWords campaigns and I will measure conversion rates using the AdWords conversion tracking pixel. Conversion might be account creation or a concrete sale. As it will be a test campaign to have some insights on CTR, CR, etc... on the future, I am likely to try several configurations: Two different ads with different landing URL and messages: one with a focus on the product / the other will contains a discount embedded in the URL. 4 different groups or themes of keywords. I guess I have to build 4 ads groups based on the keywords 2 ads with the different messages assign the two ads to each ads groups follow the campaign precisely in the ads tabs where I can see the effectiveness of each Ads per Ads Groups (for a total of 8 lines of reporting) Also, what are the key performance indicators that I can have from an AdWords campaign to measure global effectiveness? measure of return on investment from concrete sales (tracking pixel with e-commerce tag on confirmation page) measure o return on investment from leads acquisition (tracking pixel on account creation) measure of traffic increase with the campaign

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  • Why distance field text rendering have clear outline?

    - by jinhwan
    http://www.valvesoftware.com/publications/2007/SIGGRAPH2007_AlphaTestedMagnification.pdf All the process for doing distance rendering is clear, but 'how does it work' is not clear for me. It looks like that distance field pixels which are created around original pixel may affect 2d texture sampling interpolation process. But I can't understand the interpolation process. I've read that the distance field rendering is processed under nearest-neighbour interpolation. If it is true, shouldn't the distance field redering creates non interpolated result? In my thought, they should looks liked retro style pixel art. Where do i misunderstand in this process? So far, It is no difference with alpha test for me. Both of them throw away all pixcel which are not in. How does extra distance field pixel affect rendering under nearest-neighbour interpolation?

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