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• Passing a 2D array to a function in C

  - by Tyler Treat

  I have, essentially, a matrix of data (lets say ints) that I would like to store in a 2D array in which the dimensions are not known until runtime (say x columns and y rows). I want to populate the array in a function, so I assume I need to do something like this: int main(int argc, char **argv) { int y = atoi(argv[1]); int x = atoi(argv[2]); int **matrix = malloc(x * sizeof(int*)); populateMatrix(matrix, y, x); return 0; } void populateMatrix(**matrix, int y, int x) { int i, j; for (i = 0; i < y; i++) { for (j = 0; j < x; j++) { matrix[i][j] = i * j; // populated with trivial data to keep it simple } } } Obviously this doesn't work, but I'm not sure how to do what I'm describing exactly.

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• Pointer to local variable

  - by Radek Šimko

  May I have any acces to local variable in different function? If may, how? void replaceNumberAndPrint(int array[3]) { printf("%i\n", array[1]); printf("%i\n", array[1]); } int * getArray() { int myArray[3] = {4, 65, 23}; return myArray; } int main() { replaceNumberAndPrint(getArray()); } The output of the piece of code above: 65 4202656 What am i doing wrong? What the "4202656" means?? Do I have to copy the whole array in the replaceNumberAndPrint() function to be able to access to it more than first times?

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• Forked Function not assigning pointer

  - by Luke Mcneice

  In the code below I have a function int GetTempString(char Query[]); calling it in main works fine. However, when calling the function from a fork the fork hangs (stops running, no errors, no output) before this line: pch = strtok (Query," ,"); the printf shows that the pointer to pch is null. Again this only happens when the fork is executing it. What am I doing doing wrong? int main() { if((Timer =fork())==-1) printf("Timer Fork Failed"); else if(Timer==0) { while(1) { sleep(2); GetTempString("ch 1,2,3,4"); } } else { //CODE GetTempString("ch 1,2,3,4"); } } int GetTempString(char Query[]) { char * pch; printf("DEBUG: '%s'-'%d'\n",Query,pch); pch = strtok (Query," ,");//* PROBLEM HERE* //while loop for strtok... return 1; }

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• What is the merit of the "function" type (not "pointer to function")

  - by anatolyg

  Reading the C++ Standard, i see that there are "function" types and "pointer to function" types: typedef int func(int); // function typedef int (*pfunc)(int); // pointer to function typedef func* pfunc; // same as above I have never seen the function types used outside of examples (or maybe i didn't recognize their usage?). Some examples: func increase, decrease; // declares two functions int increase(int), decrease(int); // same as above int increase(int x) {return x + 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions int decrease(int x) {return x - 1;} // cannot use the typedef when defining functions struct mystruct { func add, subtract, multiply; // declares three member functions int member; }; int mystruct::add(int x) {return x + member;} // cannot use the typedef int mystruct::subtract(int x) {return x - member;} int main() { func k; // the syntax is correct but the variable k is useless! mystruct myobject; myobject.member = 4; cout << increase(5) << ' ' << decrease(5) << '\n'; // outputs 6 and 4 cout << myobject.add(5) << ' ' << myobject.subtract(5) << '\n'; // 9 and 1 } Seeing that the function types support syntax that doesn't appear in C (declaring member functions), i guess they are not just a part of C baggage that C++ has to support for backward compatibility. So is there any use for function types, other than demonstrating some funky syntax?

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• bubble sort on array of c structures not sorting properly

  - by xmpirate

  I have the following program for books record and I want to sort the records on name of book. the code isn't showing any error but it's not sorting all the records. #include "stdio.h" #include "string.h" #define SIZE 5 struct books{ //define struct char name[100],author[100]; int year,copies; }; struct books book1[SIZE],book2[SIZE],*pointer; //define struct vars void sort(struct books *,int); //define sort func main() { int i; char c; for(i=0;i<SIZE;i++) //scanning values { gets(book1[i].name); gets(book1[i].author); scanf("%d%d",&book1[i].year,&book1[i].copies); while((c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF); } pointer=book1; sort(pointer,SIZE); //sort call i=0; //printing values while(i<SIZE) { printf("##########################################################################\n"); printf("Book: %s\nAuthor: %s\nYear of Publication: %d\nNo of Copies: %d\n",book1[i].name,book1[i].author,book1[i].year,book1[i].copies); printf("##########################################################################\n"); i++; } } void sort(struct books *pointer,int n) { int i,j,sorted=0; struct books temp; for(i=0;(i<n-1)&&(sorted==0);i++) //bubble sort on the book name { sorted=1; for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++) { if(strcmp((*pointer).name,(*(pointer+1)).name)>0) { //copy to temp val strcpy(temp.name,(*pointer).name); strcpy(temp.author,(*pointer).author); temp.year=(*pointer).year; temp.copies=(*pointer).copies; //copy next val strcpy((*pointer).name,(*(pointer+1)).name); strcpy((*pointer).author,(*(pointer+1)).author); (*pointer).year=(*(pointer+1)).year; (*pointer).copies=(*(pointer+1)).copies; //copy back temp val strcpy((*(pointer+1)).name,temp.name); strcpy((*(pointer+1)).author,temp.author); (*(pointer+1)).year=temp.year; (*(pointer+1)).copies=temp.copies; sorted=0; } *pointer++; } } } My Imput The C Programming Language X Y Z 1934 56 Inferno Dan Brown 1993 453 harry Potter and the soccers stone J K Rowling 2012 150 Ruby On Rails jim aurther nil 2004 130 Learn Python Easy Way gmaps4rails 1967 100 And the output ########################################################################## Book: Inferno Author: Dan Brown Year of Publication: 1993 No of Copies: 453 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: The C Programming Language Author: X Y Z Year of Publication: 1934 No of Copies: 56 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Ruby On Rails Author: jim aurther nil Year of Publication: 2004 No of Copies: 130 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Learn Python Easy Way Author: gmaps4rails Year of Publication: 1967 No of Copies: 100 ########################################################################## ########################################################################## Book: Author: Year of Publication: 0 No of Copies: 0 ########################################################################## We can see the above sorting is wrong? What I'm I doing wrong?

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• Another dynamic memory allocation bug.

  - by m4design

  I'm trying to allocate memory for a multidimensional array (8 rows, 3 columns). Here's the code for the allocation (I'm sure the error is clear for you) char **ptr = (char **) malloc( sizeof(char) * 8); for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) ptr[i] = (char *) malloc( sizeof(char) * 3); The crash happens when I reference this: ptr[3][0]; Unhandled exception at 0x0135144d in xxxx.exe: 0xC0000005: Access violation writing location 0xabababab. Are there any recommended references/readings for this kind of subject? Thanks.

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• C++, function pointer to the template function pointer

  - by Ian

  I am having a pointer to the common static method class MyClass { private: static double ( *pfunction ) ( const Object *, const Object *); ... }; pointing to the static method class SomeClass { public: static double getA ( const Object *o1, const Object *o2); ... }; Initialization: double ( *MyClass::pfunction ) ( const Object *o1, const Object *o2 ) = &SomeClass::getA; I would like to convert this pointer to the static template function pointer: template <class T> static T ( *pfunction ) ( const Object <T> *, const Object <T> *); //Compile error where: class SomeClass { public: template <class T> static double getA ( const Object <T> *o1, const Object <T> *o2); ... }; But there is some error... Thanks for your help...

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• c++ File input/output

  - by Myx

  Hi: I am trying to read from a file using fgets and sscanf. In my file, I have characters on each line of the while which I wish to put into a vector. So far, I have the following: FILE *fp; fp = fopen(filename, "r"); if(!fp) { fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open file %s\n", filename); return 0; } // Read file int line_count = 0; char buffer[1024]; while(fgets(buffer, 1023, fp)) { // Increment line counter line_count++; char *bufferp = buffer; ... while(*bufferp != '\n') { char *tmp; if(sscanf(bufferp, "%c", tmp) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "Syntax error reading axiom on " "line %d in file %s\n", line_count, filename); return 0; } axiom.push_back(tmp); printf("put %s in axiom vector\n", axiom[axiom.size()-1]); // increment buffer pointer bufferp++; } } my axiom vector is defined as vector<char *> axiom;. When I run my program, I get a seg fault. It happens when I do the sscanf. Any suggestions on what I'm doing wrong?

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• How to read some bytes from BYTE*

  - by chekalin-v

  I have BYTE pointer. For example the length of this BYTE array is 10. How can I read 4 bytes from 3 position BYTE array? Now I doing it so BYTE *source = "1234567890\0"; BYTE* tmp = new BYTE[4+1](); for(int i=0; i<4; i++) { tmp[i] = source[i+3]; }

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• Double indirection and structures passed into a function

  - by ZPS

  I am curious why this code works: typedef struct test_struct { int id; } test_struct; void test_func(test_struct ** my_struct) { test_struct my_test_struct; my_test_struct.id=267; *my_struct = &my_test_struct; } int main () { test_struct * main_struct; test_func(&main_struct); printf("%d\n",main_struct->id); } This works, but pointing to the memory address of a functions local variable is a big no-no, right? But if i used a structure pointer and malloc, that would be the correct way, right? void test_func(test_struct ** my_struct) { test_struct *my_test_struct; my_test_struct = malloc(sizeof(test_struct)); my_test_struct->id=267; *my_struct = my_test_struct; } int main () { test_struct * main_struct; test_func(&main_struct); printf("%d\n",main_struct->id); }

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• Dangling pointer

  - by viswanathan

  How can the below code result in a dangling pointer. { char *cPointer = malloc ( some constant number ); /* some code */ free ( cPointer ); cPointer = NULL; /* some code */ }

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• What does it mean to pass a &variable to a function? E.g., string& insert ( size_t pos1, const strin

  - by Bob Montgomery

  I understand passing a pointer, and returning a pointer: char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source ); You're passing a variable that contains the address to a char; returning the same. But what does it mean to pass something using the reference operator? Or to return it? string& insert ( size_t pos1, const string& str ); I mean, I understand what actually happens, I just don't understand the notation. Why isn't the notation this instead: string * insert ( size_t pos1, const string * str ); //made up I presume it has something to do with passing/returning the instance of a class, but what? Is this syntax valid; if not why not and if so what does it mean? char & strcat ( char & destination, const char & source ); //made up (all of the function declarations, except the last made-up two, are from http://www.cplusplus.com )

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• Embedding Python and adding C functions to the interpreter

  - by monoceres

  I'm currently writing an applications that embedds the python interpreter. The idea is to have the program call user specified scripts on certain events in the program. I managed this part but now I want the scripts to be able to call functions in my program. Here's my code so far: #include "python.h" static PyObject* myTest(PyObject* self,PyObject *args) { return Py_BuildValue("s","123456789"); } static PyMethodDef myMethods[] = {{"myTest",myTest},{NULL,NULL}}; int main() { Py_Initialize(); Py_InitModule("PROGRAM",myMethods); PyRun_SimpleString("print PROGRAM.myTest()"); Py_Finalize(); } Thanks!

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• How to attach boost::shared_ptr (or another smart pointer) to reference counter of object's parent?

  - by Checkers

  I remember encountering this concept before, but can't find it in Google now. If I have an object of type A, which directly embeds an object of type B: class A { B b; }; How can I have a smart pointer to B, e. g. boost::shared_ptr<B>, but use reference count of A? Assume an instance of A itself is heap-allocated I can safely get its shared count using, say, enable_shared_from_this.

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• How to determine the end of an integer array when manipulating with integer pointer?

  - by AKN

  Here is the code: int myInt[] ={ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int *myIntPtr = &myInt[0]; while( *myIntPtr != NULL ) { cout<<*myIntPtr<<endl; myIntPtr++; } Output: 12345....<junks>.......... For Character array: (Since we have a NULL character at the end, no problem while iterating) char myChar[] ={ 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', '\0' }; char *myCharPtr = &myChar[0]; while( *myCharPtr != NULL ) { cout<<*myCharPtr<<endl; myCharPtr++; } Output: ABCDE My question is since we say to add NULL character as end of the strings, we rule out such issues! If in case, it is rule to add 0 to the end of integer array, we could have avoided this problem. What say?

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• What is the Meaning of wild pointer in C ?

  - by sagar

  Hi,can anybody tell me,the meaning of wild pointer in C, and how it obtain ?

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• C++ Pointer member function with templates assignment with a member function of another class

  - by Agusti

  Hi, I have this class: class IShaderParam{ public: std::string name_value; }; template<class TParam> class TShaderParam:public IShaderParam{ public: void (TShaderParam::*send_to_shader)( const TParam&,const std::string&); TShaderParam():send_to_shader(NULL){} TParam value; void up_to_shader(); }; typedef TShaderParam<float> FloatShaderParam; typedef TShaderParam<D3DXVECTOR3> Vec3ShaderParam; In another class, I have a vector of IShaderParams* and functions that i want to send to "send_to_shader". I'm trying assign the reference of these functions like this: Vec3ShaderParam *_param = new Vec3ShaderParam; _param-send_to_shader = &TShader::setVector3; This is the function: void TShader::setVector3(const D3DXVECTOR3 &vec, const std::string &name){ //... } And this is the class with IshaderParams*: class TShader{ std::vector params; public: Shader effect; std::string technique_name; TShader(std::string& afilename):effect(NULL){}; ~TShader(); void setVector3(const D3DXVECTOR3 &vec, const std::string &name); When I compile the project with Visual Studio C++ Express 2008 I recieve this error: Error 2 error C2440: '=' :can't make the conversion 'void (__thiscall TShader::* )(const D3DXVECTOR3 &,const std::string &)' a 'void (__thiscall TShaderParam::* )(const TParam &,const std::string &)' c:\users\isagoras\documents\mcv\afoc\shader.cpp 127 Can I do the assignment? No? I don't know how :-S Yes, I know that I can achieve the same objective with other techniques, but I want to know how can I do this..

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• How can I use a function pointer instead of a switch statement?

  - by jimit

  How can I use a function pointer instead of a switch statement?

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• write data to register

  - by martin

  i have the memory address of certain register(the address LCDCW1 is C000). now i want to write data to this register, how to do it in C? thx!

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• Setting the first two bytes of a block of memory

  - by idealistikz

  Suppose I have a block of memory as such: void *block = malloc(sizeof(void *) + size); How do I set the first two bytes of the block as NULL or have it point somewhere? I do not want to simply assign 'block' to NULL or to another pointer because I want to access the rest of the memory I malloc'ed.

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• When should an array name be treated as a pointer and when does it just represent the array itself? [duplicate]

  - by user1087373

  This question already has an answer here: When is an array name or a function name 'converted' into a pointer ? (in C) 4 answers I just made a test program after reading the book and the result turned out confusing: #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char text[] = "hello!"; printf("sizeof(text):%d sizeof(text+2):%d sizeof(text[0]):%d \n",(int)sizeof(text), sizeof(text+2), sizeof(text[0])); printf("text:%p sizeof(text):%d &text:%p sizeof(&text):%d \n",text, sizeof(text), &text, sizeof(&text)); printf("text+1:%p &text+1:%p \n", text+1, &text+1); return 0; } The result: sizeof(text):7 sizeof(text+2):4 sizeof(text[0]):1 text:0xbfc8769d sizeof(text):7 &text:0xbfc8769d sizeof(&text):4 text+1:0xbfc8769e &text+1:0xbfc876a4 What makes me feel confused are: why the value of 'sizeof(text)' is 7 whereas 'sizeof(text+2)' is 4 what's the difference between 'text' and '&text'?

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• Objective C LValue required as unary '&' operand

  - by Bob

  Hello! In my code, I get this error when I try to get a pointer to my class property. (I wrote a small *.OBJ file translator in Python, discarding the normals) CODE: //line: line of text const char *str = [line UTF8String]; Point3D *p1, *p2, *p3; p1 = [Point3D makeX:0 Y:0 Z:0]; p2 = [Point3D makeX:0 Y:0 Z:0]; p3 = [Point3D makeX:0 Y:0 Z:0]; sscanf(str, "t %f,%f,%f %f,%f,%f %f,%f,%f",(&[p1 x]),&([p1 y]),&([p1 z]),&([p2 x]),&([p2 y]),&([p2 z]),&([p3 x]),&([p3 y]),&([p3 z])); Triangle3D *tri = [Triangle3D make:p1 p2:p2 p3:p3];

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• Why would I get a bus error or segmentation fault when calling free() normally?

  - by chucknelson

  I have a very simple test program, running on Solaris 5.8: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char *paths; paths = getenv("PATH"); printf("Paths: %s\n", paths); free(paths); // this causes a bus error return 0; } If I don't call free() at the end, it displays the message fine and exits. If I include the free() call, it crashes with a bus error. I've had other calls to free(), in other programs, cause segmentation faults as well. Even if I allocate the memory for *paths myself, free() will cause a bus error. Is there some reason trying to free up the memory is causing a crash?

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• Avoid incompatible pointer warning when dealing with double-indirection

  - by fnawothnig

  Assuming this program: #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> static void ring_pool_alloc(void **p, size_t n) { static unsigned char pool[256], i = 0; *p = &pool[i]; i += n; } int main(void) { char *str; ring_pool_alloc(&str, 7); strcpy(str, "foobar"); printf("%s\n", str); return 0; } ... is it possible to somehow avoid the GCC warning test.c:12: warning: passing argument 1 of ‘ring_pool_alloc’ from incompatible pointer type test.c:4: note: expected ‘void **’ but argument is of type ‘char **’ ... without casting to (void**) (or simply disabling the compatibility checks)? Because I would very much like to keep compatibility warnings regarding indirection-level...

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• C++: Reference and Pointer question (example regarding OpenGL)

  - by Jay

  I would like to load textures, and then have them be used by multiple objects. Would this work? class Sprite { GLuint* mTextures; // do I need this to also be a reference? Sprite( GLuint* textures ) // do I need this to also be a reference? { mTextures = textures; } void Draw( textureNumber ) { glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTextures[ textureNumber ] ); // drawing code } }; // normally these variables would be inputed, but I did this for simplicity. const int NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES = 40; const int WHICH_TEXTURE = 10; void main() { std::vector<GLuint> the_textures; the_textures.resize( NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES ); glGenTextures( NUMBER_OF_TEXTURES, &the_textures[0] ); // texture loading code Sprite the_sprite( &the_textures[0] ); the_sprite.Draw( WHICH_TEXTURE ); } And is there a different way I should do this, even if it would work? Thanks.

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