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• Disable all but RC4 in apache

  - by Daniel

  Our PCI compliance vendor requires that we disable all but RC4 encryption on our web server. Currently our apache config file looks like this: SSLHonorCipherOrder On SSLCipherSuite RC4-SHA:HIGH:!ADH:!AES256-SHA:!ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:!AES128-SHA:!DES-CBC:!aNull:!eNull:!LOW:!SSLv2 However, https://www.ssllabs.com reports the following ciphers are allowed: TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA How can I configure apache to only allow RC4?

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• Virtual Machine with Bridged Adapter to Centos not accepting ssh from host machine

  - by javadba

  I have a bridged connection on VirtualBox from os/x 10.8.5 host to Centos 5.8 client. But I suspect this is more of a general issue than specific to the host and precise version of linux. Shown below are the networking info from the VirtualBox and from within the guest sshd is running on port 22: [root@oracle-linux ~]# ps -ef | grep sshd | grep -v grep root 3103 1 0 20:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd root 14994 3103 0 21:23 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/1 Port 22 listening: [root@oracle-linux ~]# netstat -an | grep 22 | grep tcp | grep LIST tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2207 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2208 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN Here are ip addresses, still on the guest os: [root@oracle-linux ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:b9:e5:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.15.100/24 brd 10.0.15.255 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feb9:e579/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:b4:86:8a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feb4:868a/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@oracle-linux ~]# I can ssh to the guest from the guest: root@oracle-linux ~]# ssh 10.0.3.15 The authenticity of host '10.0.3.15 (10.0.3.15)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is ef:08:19:72:95:4d:e5:28:af:f3:6f:54:07:84:ba:04. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.0.3.15' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. [email protected]'s password: Last login: Mon Oct 21 21:24:12 2013 from 10.0.15.100 But can NOT ssh from the host to the guest: 18:27:04/shared:11 $ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.15.100 port 22: Operation timed out lost connection Here is bridged connection infO; BTW I looked into other answers, and one of them mentioned doing service iptables stop That did not help. Adapter 2 is a NAT, shown below In case NAT is causing any issues, i shut it down and restarted networking. [root@oracle-linux ~]# /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: Still No joy.. 18:27:04/shared:11 $ssh [email protected] ssh: connect to host 10.0.15.100 port 22: Operation timed out lost connection

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• SSH_ORIGINAL_ENVIRONMENT error with snow leopard client to a gitosis server on debian

  - by Mica

  I have a server running gitosis (installed from the package manager) on debian lenny. I am able to perform all operations from my linux mint laptop, but from my Mac running an up-to-date Snow Leopard gives me the following error: mica@waste Desktop$ git clone [email protected]:Poems.git Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/micas/Desktop/Poems/.git/ ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Repository read access denied fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly mica@waste Desktop$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.0.156 [192.168.0.156] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/micas/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-5 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.0.156' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/mica/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/mica/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve mica@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Server accepts key: pkalg ssh-rsa blen 277 debug1: Remote: Forced command: gitosis-serve micas@waste debug1: Remote: Port forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: X11 forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Agent forwarding disabled. debug1: Remote: Pty allocation disabled. debug1: Authentication succeeded (publickey). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Requesting authentication agent forwarding. PTY allocation request failed on channel 0 ERROR:gitosis.serve.main:Need SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND in environment. debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype [email protected] reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to 192.168.0.156 closed. Transferred: sent 2544, received 2888 bytes, in 0.1 seconds Bytes per second: sent 29642.1, received 33650.3 debug1: Exit status 1 Extensive googling of the error isn't returning much-- I changed the /etc/sshd_config file on my Mac as per http://www.schmidp.com/2009/06/23/enable-ssh-agent-key-forwarding-on-snow-leopard/. I still get the same error.

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• ssh-keygen works for root only?

  - by Hulk

  Does ssh-keygen -t rsa work if only set for root user i.e, if the username on local system is sodium and i generate the key using the above said command and on the remote system if i place the key in /root/.ssh authorized_keys ,this works. But on the remote system if the key is placed in /home/natrium/.ssh authorized_keys This still prompts for a password.Is this the expected behavior or is that some thing wrong in the above procedure Thanks..

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• Failed dependencies warning while installing pure-ftpd

  - by Anil

  I am trying to install pure-ftpd which is getting failed with the following warnings warning: pure-ftpd-1.0.36-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 6b8d79e6: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: libmysqlclient.so.15 is needed by pure-ftpd-1.0.36-1.el5.rf.i386 libmysqlclient.so.15(libmysqlclient_15) is needed by pure-ftpd-1.0.36-1.el5.rf.i386 libpq.so.4 is needed by pure-ftpd-1.0.36-1.el5.rf.i386 I used locate libmysqlclient libpq where i could find libmysqlclient.so.16 and libpq.so.5 installed in my server I am using CentOS 6 server.

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• avoid check of list of known hosts

  - by shantanuo

  I get the following prompt everytime I try to connect a server using SSH. I type "yes", but is there a way to aovid this? The authenticity of host '111.222.333.444 (111.222.333.444)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is f3:cf:58:ae:71:0b:c8:04:6f:34:a3:b2:e4:1e:0c:8b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

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• Unable to clone repository with Git

  - by kim3er

  I am trying to clone a repository on my machine that I have just created on GitHub. I am new to Git, but have been using SVN for a while. I've set up an RSA key as per instructions but am unable to clone with either the SSH or HTTP Urls. When I use HTTP, I get the following error: Password: fatal: Out of memory, realloc failed I'm using Windows 7 with MSysGit (using Bash & PuTTY).

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• apache and SSL certificate

  - by user12145

  [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) When connecting to https://www.xxx.com, it just says connecting, then timed out. ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.xxx.com:443 DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/xxx SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/xx.com.crt

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• Remove key from known_hosts

  - by Adam Matan

  Hi, I have built several virtual machines during the last few weeks. The problem is, the .ssh/known_hosts gives me the Man in the middle warning. This happens because another fingerprint is associated with the virtual machine IP. In the .ssh/known_hosts file, however, I don't seem to find the record related to the IP, only two bizarre, key-like strings and "ssh-rsa". Any ideas how to remove the old key from known_hosts? Thanks, Udi

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• Postfix: Relay access denied

  - by Joseph Silvashy

  When I telnet to my server thats running postfix and try to send an email: MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> #=> 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> #=> 554 5.7.1 <[email protected]>: Relay access denied I couldn't really find the answer on the site or by looking at other users question/answers, I'm not sure where to start. Ideas? Update So basically looking at the docs: http://www.postfix.org/SMTPD_ACCESS_README.html (section: Getting selective with SMTP access restriction lists), I don't seem to have any of those directives in etc/postfix/main.cf like smtpd_client_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, reject or any of the other ones, so I'm quite confused. But really I'm going to have a rails app connect to the server and send the emails, so I'm not sure how to handle it. Here is what my config file looks like: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = rerecipe-utils alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, mail.rerecipe.com, rerecipe.com relayhost = mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 204.232.207.0/24 10.177.64.0/19 [::1]/128 [fe80::%eth0]/64 [fe80::%eth1]/64 Something to note is that relayhost is blank, this is the default configuration file that was created when I installed Postfix, when testing to connect with openssl I get this: ~% openssl s_client -connect mail.myhostname.com:25 -starttls smtp CONNECTED(00000003) depth=0 /CN=myhostname verify error:num=18:self signed certificate verify return:1 depth=0 /CN=myhostname verify return:1 --- Certificate chain 0 s:/CN=myhostname i:/CN=myhostname --- Server certificate -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIBqTCCARICCQDDxVr+420qvjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADAZMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5y ZXJlY2lwZS11dGlsczAeFw0xMDEwMTMwNjU1MTVaFw0yMDEwMTAwNjU1MTVaMBkx FzAVBgNVBAMTDnJlcmVjaXBlLXV0aWxzMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCB iQKBgQDODh2w4A1k0qiPNPhkrPj8sfkxpKPTk28AuZhgOEBYBLeHacTKNH0jXxPv P3TyhINijvvdDPzyuPJoTTliR2EHR/nL4DLhr5FzhV+PB4PsIFUER7arx+1sMjz6 5l/Ubu1ppMzW9U0IFNbaPm2AiiGBQRCQN8L0bLUjzVzwoSRMOQIDAQABMA0GCSqG SIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBALi2vvk9TGKJubXYJbU0PKmVmsfzFK35yLqr0keiDBhK2Leg 274sWxEH3ds8mUaRftuFlXb7RYAGNlVyTuMTY3CEcnqIsH7F2McCUTpjMzu/o1mZ O/B21CelKetBd1u79Gkrv2vWyN7Csft6uTx5NIGG2+pGi3r0gX2r0Hbu2K94 -----END CERTIFICATE----- subject=/CN=myhostname issuer=/CN=myhostname --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 1203 bytes and written 360 bytes --- New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Server public key is 1024 bit Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE SSL-Session: Protocol : TLSv1 Cipher : DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Session-ID: 1AA4B8BFAAA85DA9ED4755194C50311670E57C35B8C51F9C2749936DA11918E4 Session-ID-ctx: Master-Key: 9B432F1DE9F3580DCC6208C76F96631DC5A4BC517BDBADD5F514414DCF34AC526C30687B96C5C4742E9583555A118232 Key-Arg : None Start Time: 1292985376 Timeout : 300 (sec) Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate) --- 250 DSN Oddly enough when I try to send an email from the machine itself it does work: echo test | mail -s "test subject" [email protected]

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• Seeting up DKIM DNS records from an existing certificate

  - by jneves

  I have successfully setup DKIM with dkimproxy with a self-signed certificate. Now I want to use an existing X.509 certificate. The script that comes with dkimproxy on Ubuntu to generate the DNS records results in the following broken information (only the start): postfix._domainkey IN TXT "k=rsa; p=-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIHCDCCBfCgAwIBAgICP4AwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwgYwxCzAJBgNVBAYTAklM MRYwFAYDVQQKEw1TdGFydENvbSBMdG This seems broken to me but I haven't found: what's the format the public.key should be for dkimproxy? how to extract that information from the certificate file?

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• What exactly does ssh send when performing key negotiation?

  - by Checkers

  When explicitly specifying identity file to ssh: ssh -i ./id_rsa ... I have these lines in ssh debug trace: debug1: Offering public key: ./id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply Does it mean ssh-generated id_rsa contains public RSA exponent as well, or ssh is sending out my private key? (which, of course, does not make sense). id_rsa format seems to be rather explicit that it contains private key with its "BEGIN PRIVATE KEY" block.

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• Why does my mail get marked as spam?

  - by schoen

  I Have the server "afspraakmanager.be". It matches everything not to be a spam server.(it isn't by the way): it has reverse dns, spf,dkim,... . But hotmail marks it as spam. I think the problem is the SPF/DKIM records. when i sent an email to my gmail it says: "Received-SPF: neutral (google.com: 2a02:348:8e:6048::1 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) client-ip=2a02:348:8e:6048::1; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=neutral (google.com: 2a02:348:8e:6048::1 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) [email protected]; dkim=neutral (bad format) [email protected]" So i guess my SPF and DKIM records aren't set up right. But I also don't have a clue what is wrong with them. this is the zone file: ; zone file for afspraakmanager.be $ORIGIN afspraakmanager.be. $TTL 3600 @ 86400 IN SOA ns1.eurodns.com. hostmaster.eurodns.com. ( 2013102003 ; serial 86400 ; refresh 7200 ; retry 604800 ; expire 86400 ; minimum ) @ 86400 IN NS ns1.eurodns.com. @ 86400 IN NS ns2.eurodns.com. @ 86400 IN NS ns3.eurodns.com. @ 86400 IN NS ns4.eurodns.com. ; Mail Exchanger definition @ 600 IN MX 10 smtp ; IPv4 Address definition @ IN A 37.230.96.72 afspraakmanager.be 600 IN A 37.230.96.72 localhost 86400 IN A 127.0.0.1 smtp 600 IN A 37.230.96.72 www 600 IN A 37.230.96.72 ; Text definition default._domainkey 600 IN TXT "v=DKIM1\\; k=rsa\\; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC6pvlZKnbSVXg1Bf3MF2l8xRrKPmqIw2i9Rn1yZ3HEny9qH1vyGXUjdv2O0aQbd5YShSGjtg5H/GedRMLpB0Qb+hBj1yGofOQTdcVtZZfj8qBY5Z7vEkhvtdaogQ0vLjgcwhg0BBuTewEkLxrl9IIzkPMZ1SCtM2Y0RtiUhg2cjQIDAQAB" ; Sender Policy Framework definition afspraakmanager.be 600 IN SPF "v=spf1 a mx ptr +all" The DKIM signature in the header: DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=simple/simple; d=afspraakmanager.be; s=mail; t=1382361029; bh=4pDpXBY8rCbX8+MfrklZzpQxaUsa3vSPUYjcDR3KAnU=; h=Date:From:To:Subject:From; b=SoBBaAlrueD8qID8txl2SBSqnZgN2lkPCdSPI/m7/YLezIcBedkgIX1NswYiZFl6Z AmF8dES73WUaaJjItVHSrdCJK2mJ/Az+vrgNsyk+GqZZ1YPiIlH3gqRrsguhoofXUX /gqLlqsLxqxkKKd9EbSzKRHuDGlJCLm5SlL8wnL0=

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• Sendmail smtp-auth issues

  - by SlackO

  I'm running into a problem with Sendmail trying to implement SMTP- auth. I"m running 8.14.5 and have saslauthd running under FreeBSD 7.0-R. I don't believe I have starttls enabled (but I also compiled a version with it and have been testing it too - same problem) - just looking for basic auth, but am wondering if my configuration is not compatible with modern mail clients? I don't think I have any certs set up. It seems an older version of Microsoft Outlook Express works fine with SMTP-auth with no problems, but Outlook 2010 won't work, and neither will Eudora (basic settings to not use encryption and use same uid/pw as pop3 account name) When trying to send mail the server reports: "550 571 Relaying Denied. Proper authentication required." Is there some config that I am missing? Why does it work with Outlook Express but not other e-mail clients? my site.config.m4 has: APPENDDEF(confENVDEF',-DSASL=2') APPENDDEF(conf_sendmail_LIBS',-lsasl2') dnl APPENDDEF(confLIBDIRS',-L/usr/local/lib/sasl2') APPENDDEF(confLIBDIRS',-L/usr/local/lib') APPENDDEF(confINCDIRS',-I/usr/local/include') My sendmail.mc has: define(ConfAUTH_OPTIONS',A') TRUST_AUTH_MECH(LOGIN PLAIN')dnl define(ConfAUTH_MECHANISMS',`LOGIN PLAIN')dnl My /usr/local/lib/sasl2/Sendmail.conf has: pwcheck_method: saslauthd When I restart sendmail this shows up in the logs: Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[79090]: restarting /usr/sbin/sendmail due to signal Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81145]: starting daemon (8.14.5): SMTP+queueing@00:30:00 Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81147]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mxgw1.mail.nationalnet.com., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 Jun 16 12:36:24 x sm-mta[81148]: STARTTLS=client, relay=mxgw1.mail.nationalnet.com., version=TLSv1/SSLv3, verify=FAIL, cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits=256/256 testing on the cmd line: telnet localhost 587 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 xxxt ESMTP Sendmail 8.14.5/8.14.5; Fri, 15 Jun 2012 18:28:03 -0500 (CDT) ehlo localhost 250-xxxx Hello localhost [127.0.0.1], pleased to meet you 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-PIPELINING 250-8BITMIME 250-SIZE 250-DSN 250-AUTH GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN 250-DELIVERBY 250 HELP I am not using any certs or ssl right now - just trying to get basic auth to work. Anyone have any ideas?

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• Configured MySQL for SSL , but SLL is still not in use..!

  - by Sunrays

  I configured SSL for MySQL using the following script. #!/bin/bash # mkdir -p /root/abc/ssl_certs cd /root/abc/ssl_certs # echo "--> 1. Create CA cert, private key" openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem echo "--> 2. Create CA cert, certificate" openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 1000 -key ca-key.pem > ca-cert.pem echo "--> 3. Create Server certificate, key" openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 1000 -nodes -keyout server-key.pem > server-req.pem echo "--> 4. Create Server certificate, cert" openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 1000 -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 > server-cert.pem echo "" echo echo "" echo "--> 5. Create client certificate, key. Use DIFFERENT common name then server!!!!" echo "" openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 1000 -nodes -keyout client-key.pem > client-req.pem echo "6. Create client certificate, cert" openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 1000 -CA ca-cert.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 > client-cert.pem exit 0 The following files were created: ca-key.pem ca-cert.pem server-req.pem server-key.pem server-cert.pem client-req.pem client-key.pem client-cert.pem Then I combined server-cert.pem and client-cert.pem into ca.pem (I read in a post to do so..) I created a ssl user in MySQL: GRANT ALL ON *.* to sslsuer@hostname IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd' REQUIRE SSL; Next I added the following in my.cnf [mysqld] ssl-ca = /root/abc/ssl_certs/ca.pem ssl-cert = /root/abc/ssl_certs/server-cert.pem ssl-key = /root/abc/ssl_certs/server-key.pem After restarting the server,I connected to mysql but SSL was still not in use :( mysql -u ssluser -p SSL: Not in use Even the have_ssl parameter was still showing disabled.. :( mysql> show variables like '%ssl%'; +---------------+---------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+---------------------------------------------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | | ssl_ca | /root/abc/ssl_certs/ca.pem | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | /root/abc/ssl_certs/server-cert.pem | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | /root/abc/ssl_certs/server-key.pem | +---------------+---------------------------------------------+ Have I missed any step, or whats wrong.. Answers with missed steps in detail will be highly appreciated..

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• how does openvpn decide which interface to get IP addrs from

  - by bkrupa

  Using ubuntu 10.04 on both ends. We have a client and server machine on the SAME network attempting to make a vpn connection. We use the config files from here and made minimal changes. The server and client start and seem to connect without any trouble. The server looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Re-using SSL/TLS context Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 LZO compression initialized Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1574 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:32 EL:0 AF:3/1 ] Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Local Options hash (VER=V4): 'f7df56b8' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): 'd79ca330' Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 TLS: Initial packet from 192.168.1.55:47166, sid=69112e42 5458135b *...* Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 1024 bit RSA Wed Feb 23 22:13:22 2011 192.168.1.55:47166 [client1] Peer Connection Initiated with 192.168.1.55:47166 On the client side the connection looks like: Wed Feb 23 22:20:07 2011 [server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.1.41:1194 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 SENT CONTROL [server]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1) Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route-gateway 10.8.0.4,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.50 255.255.255.0' ... Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 /sbin/ifconfig tap0 10.8.0.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 mtu 1500 broadcast 10.8.0.255 Wed Feb 23 22:20:10 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed The openvpn server has been configured to assign ip addresses in the range 10.8.0.* and the client has been given 10.8.0.50. When I run the following nmap from the client: Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-02-23 22:04 EST Host 10.8.0.50 is up (0.00047s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 30.34 seconds Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.0025s latency). Host 192.168.1.18 is up (0.074s latency). Host 192.168.1.41 is up (0.0024s latency). Host 192.168.1.55 is up (0.00018s latency). Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 6.33 seconds If I run an nmap from the server on 10.8.0.* I get nothing. If the client has two interfaces (wireless and tap device) when you look for a certain ip address, how does it decide which interface to connect on?

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• What is the public key file that is generated by PuTTY?

  - by Karl Nicoll

  If I'm using the PuTTY key generator to create a public/private key pair, there is a button to "Save public key" like so: However OpenSSH doesn't accept the format of this public key file, at least as far as I can tell. The generated public key looks like this: ---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ---- Comment: "rsa-key-20140607" AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAQEAs+UjC01Fk8xs8vpLW1RIipwxG1zXTaCkIdeJ K3SyhMVl78/QwErTYuIop3wVmVAuTKhw4uYCMaRZCy36FdSGQ9FwDCP+lT36M2Xv ZtraweH+1IPHzRf2ENNdEfs286zllu96WGtqLYwObXQbHMm3dPDDbH3apynrS/FJ HisCayFXFN84aBfh9HFHrM++BXqpxTX5nq50QoRwSjMY6qMuLwjJKKQslcb5hlRV SjCmUZKv9/fH+i0BI7UHJ01XHNp1sisL5biWkakXD9BxXjv/ggyeLsOTtdtrF0DK 7wYQXyNmpRqHYOBdrZlskHf/R1CtWoBi5IIeARWZVDduXf1Pww== ---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ---- (Key is not an actual public key) Where is this key used typically? Does it work with OpenSSH at all?

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• Cisco ASA 5520 - differential routing policies based on userid

  - by devviedev

  Hi, excuse me if my terminology is not correct. We are using WebVPN to VPN into an Cisco ASA 5520. We want to have different rules that allow the user that VPNs into the network to access certain things based on their RSA SecurID authentication userid. Is this possible? If so, are there some good examples of how to achieve this?

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• How can I avoid SSH's host verification for known hosts?

  - by shantanuo

  I get the following prompt everytime I try to connect a server using SSH. I type "yes", but is there a way to aovid this? The authenticity of host '111.222.333.444 (111.222.333.444)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is f3:cf:58:ae:71:0b:c8:04:6f:34:a3:b2:e4:1e:0c:8b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

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• Why do I have to keep unlocking my SSH key?

  - by Benjamin Oakes

  I ran some X applications using ssh -Y my_address and now it asks me to unlock my RSA key every time I use it. I used to only have to unlock it once a day. What's going on? I'm using Ubuntu 9.04.

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• Out of nowhere, ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote hot me too

  - by dgerman

  See similar: Out of nowhere, ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host Today, 6/19/12 attempting to ssh to the same host as usual ssh replied ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host two additional attempts failed ssh -v $RWS OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to Real-World-Systems.com [174.127.119.33] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host ping host was successful, ftp host was successful, ssh now successful, ssh -v $RWS OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to Real-World-Systems.com [174.127.119.33] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_4.3 debug1: match: OpenSSH_4.3 pat OpenSSH_4* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.6 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'real-world-systems.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/dgerman/.ssh/known_hosts:5 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /Users/dgerman/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password ++++ What gives?? +++++++++++ Mac OS X 10.4.7 , OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011, /Users/dgerman/.ssh > ls -la total 24 drwx------ 7 dgerman staff 238 Jun 19 15:46 . drwxr-xr-x 389 dgerman staff 13226 Jun 19 15:46 .. -rw------- 1 dgerman staff 1766 Feb 26 18:25 id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 dgerman staff 400 Feb 26 18:25 id_rsa.pub -rw-r--r-- 1 dgerman staff 67 Feb 26 18:27 keyfingerprint -rw-r--r-- 1 dgerman staff 6215 May 1 08:11 known_hosts -rw-r--r-- 1 dgerman staff 220 Feb 26 18:26 randomart

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• GMail detecting mail as spam

  - by Petru Toader

  I've been trying for a long time to get our company's mail server send mail that will get accepted by the GMail spam filter. I have managed making it work for Yahoo Mail and Hotmail, sadly GMail is still marking our mails as spam. I have configured DKIM, SPF, DMARC and verified our mail server IP address against blacklists. I also have pasted here the headers GMail gets when we send a mail. Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.42.215.6 with SMTP id hc6csp107427icb; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:26 -0700 (PDT) X-Received: by 10.194.100.34 with SMTP id ev2mr59101019wjb.76.1408545265402; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:25 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from mail.phyramid.com (mail.phyramid.com. [178.157.82.23]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id dj10si4827754wib.79.2014.08.20.07.34.24 for <[email protected]> (version=TLSv1.1 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA bits=128/128); Wed, 20 Aug 2014 07:34:25 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 178.157.82.23 as permitted sender) client-ip=178.157.82.23; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of [email protected] designates 178.157.82.23 as permitted sender) [email protected]; dkim=pass [email protected] Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.phyramid.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id ED2BB2017AC for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:23 +0300 (EEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=phyramid.com; h= content-type:content-type:mime-version:x-mailer:subject:subject :message-id:to:from:from:date:date; s=dkim; t=1408545197; x= 1409409197; bh=e04RtoyF7G39lfCvA9LLhTz4nF64siZtN5IYmC18Xsc=; b=o +6mO8Uz4Uf1G4U2q6tKUiEy2N2n/5R2VtPPwIvBE5xzK/hEd2sDGMxVzQVgIDCsK Q0Xh+auPaQpxldQ+AEcL2XSZMrk/g0mJONjkpI19I5AwGIJCR1SVvxdecohTn9iR bCHzrGi2wAicfDBzOH6lUBNfh2thri79aubdCYc97U= X-Amavis-Modified: Mail body modified (using disclaimer) - mail.phyramid.com X-Virus-Scanned: Debian amavisd-new at mail.phyramid.com Received: from mail.phyramid.com ([127.0.0.1]) by localhost (mail.phyramid.com [127.0.0.1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id 3JcgXZAXeFtX for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:17 +0300 (EEST) Received: from whiterock.local (unknown [109.98.21.30]) by mail.phyramid.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 05CAE200280 for <[email protected]>; Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:33:15 +0300 (EEST) Date: Wed, 20 Aug 2014 17:34:15 +0300 From: Company Mail <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Subject: hey there! X-Mailer: Airmail (247) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline How was your summer? ---- Thanks a lot!

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• PHP ssh2_fingerprint() does not match ssh-keygen -lf id_rsa.pub

  - by Justin

  I am using the lib ssh2 module with PHP and calling the function ssh2_fingerprint() to get the keys fingerprint. According to all resources on the internet, I can get the fingerprint of a public key by executing: ssh-keygen -lf id_rsa.pub Which outputs something like: 2048 d4:41:3b:45:00:49:4e:fc:2c:9d:3a:f7:e6:6e:bf:e7 id_rsa.pub (RSA) However, when I call ssh2_fingerprint($connection, SSH2_FINGERPRINT_HEX) in PHP with the same public key I get: dddddba52352e5ab95711c10fdd56f43 Shouldn't they match? What am I missing?

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• Slash after domain in URL missing for Rails site

  - by joshee

  After redirecting users in a Rails app, for some reason the slash after the domain is missing. Generated URLs are invalid and I'm forced to manually correct them. The problem only occurs on a subdomain. On a different primary domain (same server), everything works ok. For example, after logging out, the site is directing to https://www.sub.domain.comlogin/ rather than https://www.sub.domain.com/login I suspect the issue has something to do with the vhost setup, but I'm not sure. Here are the broken and working vhosts: BROKEN SUBDOMAIN <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.sub.domain.com ServerAlias sub.domain.com Redirect permanent / https://www.sub.domain.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.sub.domain.com ServerAlias sub.domain.com RailsEnv production # SSL Engine Switch SSLEngine on # SSL Cipher Suite: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /path/to/server.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/server.key # Set header to indentify https requests for Mongrel RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO "https" BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 DocumentRoot /home/usr/www/www.sub.domain.com/current/public/ <Directory "/home/usr/www/www.sub.domain.com/current/public"> AllowOverride all Allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> WORKING PRIMARY DOMAIN <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.diffdomain.com ServerAlias diffdomain.com Redirect permanent / https://www.diffdomain.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.diffdomain.com ServerAlias diffdomain.com ServerAlias *.diffdomain.com RailsEnv production # SSL Engine Switch SSLEngine on # SSL Cipher Suite: SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL # Server Certificate SSLCertificateFile /path/to/server.crt # Server Private Key SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/server.key # Set header to indentify https requests for Mongrel RequestHeader set X_FORWARDED_PROTO "https" BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 DocumentRoot /home/usr/www/www.diffdomain.com/current/public/ <Directory "/home/usr/www/www.diffdomain.com/current/public"> AllowOverride all Allow from all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> Please let me know if there's anything else I could provide that would help determine what's wrong here. UPDATE tried adding a trailing slash to the redirect command, but still no luck.

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• git private server error: "Permission denied (publickey)."

  - by goddfree

  I followed the instructions here in order to set up a private git server on my Amazon EC2 instance. However, I am having problems when trying to SSH into the git account. Specifically, I get the error "Permission denied (publickey)." Here are the permissions of my files/folders on the EC2 server: drwx------ 4 git git 4096 Aug 13 19:52 /home/git/ drwx------ 2 git git 4096 Aug 13 19:52 /home/git/.ssh -rw------- 1 git git 400 Aug 13 19:51 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys Here are the permissions of my files/folders on my own computer: drwx------ 5 CYT staff 170 Aug 13 14:51 .ssh -rw------- 1 CYT staff 1679 Aug 13 13:53 .ssh/id_rsa -rw-r--r-- 1 CYT staff 400 Aug 13 13:53 .ssh/id_rsa.pub -rw-r--r-- 1 CYT staff 1585 Aug 13 13:53 .ssh/known_hosts When checking my logs in /var/log/secure, I used to get the following error message every time I tried to SSH: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys However, after making a few permission changes, I no longer get this error message. Despite this, I am still getting the "Permission denied (publickey)." message every time I try to SSH. The command I am using to SSH is ssh -T git@my-ip. Here is the full log I get when I run ssh -vT [email protected]: OpenSSH_6.2p2, OSSLShim 0.9.8r 8 Dec 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh_config line 20: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to my-ip [my-ip] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/CYT/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/CYT/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/CYT/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/CYT/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_6.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_6.2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr [email protected] none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr [email protected] none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA 08:ad:8a:bc:ab:4d:5f:73:24:b2:78:69:46:1a:a5:5a debug1: Host 'my-ip' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/CYT/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/CYT/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /Users/CYT/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey). I have spent a few hours going through threads on various sites, including SO and SF, looking for a solution. It seems that the permissions for my files are all okay, but I just can't figure out the problem. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Edit: EEAA: Here are the outputs you requested: $ getent passwd git git:x:503:504::/home/git:/bin/bash $ grep ssh ~git/.ssh/authorized_keys | wc -l grep: /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys: Permission denied 0

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