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  • uninitialized local variable

    - by blitzeus
    This code compiles and runs though gives a Microsoft compiler error that I cant fix warning C4700: uninitialized local variable 'ptr4D' used. This is in the last line of the code, I think #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int DIM0 = 2, DIM1 = 3, DIM2 = 4, DIM3 = 5; void TestDeclar(); int main(){ TestDeclar(); cout << "Done!\n"; return 0; } void TestDeclar(){ //24 - array of 5 floats float xa[DIM3], xb[DIM3], xc[DIM3], xd[DIM3], xe[DIM3], xf[DIM3]; float xg[DIM3], xh[DIM3], xi[DIM3], xj[DIM3], xk[DIM3], xl[DIM3]; float xm[DIM3], xn[DIM3], xo[DIM3], xp[DIM3], xq[DIM3], xr[DIM3]; float xs[DIM3], xt[DIM3], xu[DIM3], xv[DIM3], xw[DIM3], xx[DIM3]; //6 - array of 4 pointers to floats float *ya[DIM2] = {xa, xb, xc, xd}, *yb[DIM2] = {xe, xf, xg, xh}; float *yc[DIM2] = {xi, xj, xk, xl}, *yd[DIM2] = {xm, xn, xo, xp}; float *ye[DIM2] = {xq, xr, xs, xt}, *yf[DIM2] = {xu, xv, xw, xx}; //2 - array of 3 pointers to pointers of floats float **za[DIM1] = {ya, yb, yc}; float **zb[DIM1] = {yd, ye, yf}; //array of 2 pointers to pointers to pointers of floats float ***ptr4D[DIM0] = {za, zb}; cout << &***ptr4D[DIM0] << '\n'; }

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  • How to write curiously recurring templates with more than 2 layers of inheritance?

    - by Kyle
    All the material I've read on Curiously Recurring Template Pattern seems to one layer of inheritance, ie Base and Derived : Base<Derived>. What if I want to take it one step further? #include <iostream> using std::cout; template<typename LowestDerivedClass> class A { public: LowestDerivedClass& get() { return *static_cast<LowestDerivedClass*>(this); } void print() { cout << "A\n"; } }; template<typename LowestDerivedClass> class B : public A<LowestDerivedClass> { public: void print() { cout << "B\n"; } }; class C : public B<C> { public: void print() { cout << "C\n"; } }; int main() { C c; c.get().print(); // B b; // Intentionally bad syntax, // b.get().print(); // to demonstrate what I'm trying to accomplish return 0; } How can I rewrite this code to compile without errors (and output "C\nB\n")?

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  • Calling base class constructor

    - by The Void
    In the program below, is the line Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) correct/allowed? That is, does it follow ANSI rules? #include <iostream> class Base { public: Base(): x_(0) { std::cout << "Base default constructor called" << std::endl; } Base(int x): x_(x) { std::cout << "Base constructor called with x = " << x << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << x_ << std::endl; } protected: int x_; }; class Derived: public Base { public: Derived(): Base(1), y_(1.2) { std::cout << "Derived default constructor called" << std::endl; } Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) { std::cout << "Derived constructor called with y = " << y << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << Base::x_ << ", " << y_ << std::endl; } private: double y_; }; int main() { Base b1; b1.display(); Derived d1; d1.display(); std::cout << std::endl; Base b2(-9); b2.display(); Derived d2(-8.7); d2.display(); return 0; }

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  • Porting Python algorithm to C++ - different solution

    - by cb0
    Hello, I have written a little brute string generation script in python to generate all possible combinations of an alphabet within a given length. It works quite nice, but for the reason I wan't it to be faster I try to port it to C++. The problem is that my C++ Code is creating far too much combination for one word. Heres my example in python: ./test.py gives me aaa aab aac aad aa aba .... while ./test (the c++ programm gives me) aaa aaa aaa aaa aa Here I also get all possible combinations, but I get them twice ore more often. Here is the Code for both programms: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys #Brute String Generator #Start it with ./brutestringer.py 4 6 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890" "" #will produce all strings with length 4 to 6 and chars from a to z and numbers 0 to 9 def rec(w, p, baseString): for c in "abcd": if (p<w - 1): rec(w, p + 1, baseString + "%c" % c) print baseString for b in range(3,4): rec(b, 0, "") And here the C++ Code #include <iostream> using namespace std; string chars="abcd"; void rec(int w,int b,string p){ unsigned int i; for(i=0;i<chars.size();i++){ if(b < (w-1)){ rec(w, (b+1), p+chars[i]); } cout << p << "\n"; } } int main () { int a=3, b=0; rec (a+1,b, ""); return 0; } Does anybody see my fault ? I don't have much experience with C++. Thanks indeed

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  • why cannot use uncaught_exception in dtor?

    - by camino
    Hi , Herb Sutter in his article http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/047.htm pointed out that we cannot use uncaught_exception in desturctor function, // Why the wrong solution is wrong // U::~U() { try { T t; // do work } catch( ... ) { // clean up } } If a U object is destroyed due to stack unwinding during to exception propagation, T::~T will fail to use the "code that could throw" path even though it safely could. but I write a test program, and T::~T in fact didn't use the "code that could throw" #include <exception> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class T { public: ~T() { if( !std::uncaught_exception() ) { cout<<"can throw"<<endl; throw 1; } else { cout<<"cannot throw"<<endl; } } }; struct U { ~U() { try { T t; } catch( ... ) { } } }; void f() { U u; throw 2; } int main() { try { f(); } catch(...) {} } output is : cannot throw did I miss something? Thanks

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  • static initialization confusion

    - by Happy Mittal
    I am getting very confused in some concepts in c++. For ex: I have following two files //file1.cpp class test { static int s; public: test(){s++;} }; static test t; int test::s=5; //file2.cpp #include<iostream> using namespace std; class test { static int s; public: test(){s++;} static int get() { return s; } }; static test t; int main() { cout<<test::get()<<endl; } Now My question is : 1. How two files link successfully even if they have different class definitions? 2. Are the static member s of two classes related because I get output as 7. Please explain this concept of statics.

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  • C++ Recursive function that reverses the order of an array's indexes between two bounds

    - by CPT Kirk
    I am trying to write a recursive function that has three arguments; an array and two array indexes. The function should reverse the order of the values between the two indexes. I would like to understand what is happening instead of just being told an answer. Here is my code so far: #include <iostream> using namespace std; char switchAroo(char a[], int b1, int b2); int main() { char a[6] {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', '\0'}; cout << a; switchAroo(a, 2, 5); return 0; } char switchAroo(char a [], int b1, int b2) { char temp; if (b1 == b2) cout << "The array after switchAroo is " << a << endl; else { temp = a[b1]; a[b1] = a[b2]; a[b2] = temp; b1++; b2--; return switchAroo(a, b1, b2); } } I am getting the following warning code: warning C4715: 'switchAroo' : not all control paths return a value Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • C++ string.substr() function problem

    - by VaioIsBorn
    I want to make a program that will read some number in string format and output it like this: if the number is 12345 it should then output 12 23 34 45 . I tried using the substr() function from the c++ string library, but it gives me strange results - it outputs 1 23 345 45 instead of the expected result. Why ? #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main(void) { string a;cin >> a; string b;int c; for(int i=0;i<a.size()-1;++i) { b = a.substr(i,i+1); c = atoi(b.c_str()); cout << c << " "; } cout << endl; return 0; }

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  • Why my linux signal handler run only once

    - by Henry Fané
    #include <iostream> #include <signal.h> #include <fenv.h> #include <string.h> void signal_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *siginfo, void* context) { std::cout << " signal_handler " << fetestexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) << std::endl; throw "exception"; } void divide() { float a = 1000., b = 0., c, f = 1e-300; c = a / b; std::cout << c << " and f = " << f << std::endl; } void init_sig_hanlder() { feenableexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT); struct sigaction sa, initial_sa; sa.sa_sigaction = &signal_handler ; sigemptyset( &sa.sa_mask ) ; sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; // man sigaction(3) // allows for void(*)(int,siginfo_t*,void*) handler sigaction(SIGFPE, &sa, &initial_sa); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { init_sig_hanlder(); while(true) { try { sleep(1); divide(); } catch(const char * a) { std::cout << "Exception in catch: " << a << std::endl; } catch(...) { std::cout << "Exception in ..." << std::endl; } } return 0; } Produce the following results on Linux/g++4.2: signal_handler 0 Exception in catch: exception inf and f = 0 inf and f = 0 inf and f = 0 inf and f = 0 So, signal handler is executed the first time but the next fp exception does not trigger the handler again. Where am I wrong ?

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  • C++ Boolean problem (comparison between two arrays)

    - by Martin
    Hello! I have a problem to do. I already did some part of it, however I stuck and don't know exactly what to do next. The question: " You are given two arrays of ints, named A and B. One contains AMAXELEMENTS and the other contains BMAXELEMENTS. Write a Boolean-valued function that returns true if there is at least one point in A that is the same as a point in B, and false if there is no match between two arrays. " The two arrays are made up by me, I think if I know how to compare two arrays I will be fine, and I will be able to finish my problem. This is what I have so far (I changed AMAXELEMENTS to AMAX, and BMAXELEMENTS to BMAX): #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ const int AMAX=5, BMAX=6; int i; bool c1=true,c2=false; int A[AMAX]={2,4,1,5,9}; int B[BMAX]={9,12,32,43,23,11}; for(i=0;i<BMAX;i++) if (B[i]==A[i]) // <---- I think this part has to look different, but I can't figure it out. cout<<c1<<endl; else cout<< c2<<endl; return 0; }

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  • returning a pointed to an object within a std::vector

    - by memC
    I have a very basic question on returning a reference to an element of a vector . There is a vector vec that stores instances of class Foo. I want to access an element from this vector . ( don't want to use the vector index) . How should I code the method getFoo here? #include<vector> #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<math.h> using namespace std; class Foo { public: Foo(){}; ~Foo(){}; }; class B { public: vector<Foo> vec; Foo* getFoo(); B(){}; ~B(){}; }; Foo* B::getFoo(){ int i; vec.push_back(Foo()); i = vec.size() - 1; // how to return a pointer to vec[i] ?? return vec.at(i); }; int main(){ B b; b = B(); int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++){ b.getFoo(); } return 0; }

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  • Why does my program not react to any arguments?

    - by Electric Coffee
    I have a simple test program in C++ that prints out attributes of a circle #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include "hidden_functions.h" // contains the Circle class using namespace std; void print_circle_attributes(float r) { Circle* c = new Circle(r); cout << "radius: " << c->get_radius() << endl; cout << "diameter: " << c->get_diameter() << endl; cout << "area: " << c->get_area() << endl; cout << "circumference: " << c->get_circumference() << endl; cout << endl; delete c; } int main(int argc, const char* argv[]) { float input = atof(argv[0]); print_circle_attributes(input); return 0; } when I run my program with the parameter 2.4 it outputs: radius: 0.0 diameter: 0.0 area: 0.0 circumference: 0.0 I've previously tested the program without the parameter, but simply using static values, and it ran just fine; so I know there's nothing wrong with the class I made... So what did I do wrong here? Note: the header is called hidden_functions.h because it served to test out how it would work if I had functions not declared in the header

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  • User Defined Conversions in C++

    - by wash
    Recently, I was browsing through my copy of the C++ Pocket Reference from O'Reilly Media, and I was surprised when I came across a brief section and example regarding user-defined conversion for user-defined types: #include <iostream> class account { private: double balance; public: account (double b) { balance = b; } operator double (void) { return balance; } }; int main (void) { account acc(100.0); double balance = acc; std::cout << balance << std::endl; return 0; } I've been programming in C++ for awhile, and this is the first time I've ever seen this sort of operator overloading. The book's description of this subject is somewhat brief, leaving me with a few unanswered questions about this feature: Is this a particularly obscure feature? As I said, I've been programming in C++ for awhile and this is the first time I've ever come across this. I haven't had much luck finding more in-depth material regarding this. Is this relatively portable? (I'm compiling on GCC 4.1) Can user-defined conversions to user defined types be done? e.g. operator std::string () { /* code */ }

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  • Infile incomplete type error

    - by kd7vdb
    I am building a program that takes a input file in this format: title author title author etc and outputs to screen title (author) title (author) etc The Problem I am currently getting is a error "ifstream infile has incomplee type and cannot be defined" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <ifstream> using namespace std; string bookTitle [14]; string bookAuthor [14]; int loadData (string pathname); void showall (int counter); int main () { int counter; string pathname; cout<<"Input the name of the file to be accessed: "; cin>>pathname; loadData (pathname); showall (counter); } int loadData (string pathname) // Loads data from infile into arrays { ifstream infile; int counter = 0; infile.open(pathname); //Opens file from user input in main if( infile.fail() ) { cout << "File failed to open"; return 0; } while (!infile.eof()) { infile >> bookTitle [14]; //takes input and puts into parallel arrays infile >> bookAuthor [14]; counter++; } infile.close; } void showall (int counter) // shows input in title(author) format { cout<<bookTitle<<"("<<bookAuthor<<")"; } Thanks ahead of time, kd7vdb

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  • switch namespace by if condtion

    - by pascal
    Hi, in my C++ program I have several namespaces that contain several pointers with identical names. I then want a function to choose a namespace according to a parameter. I.e. something like: #include <iostream> namespace ns1{ double x[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; } namespace ns2{ double x[5]={6,7,8,9,10}; } int main(){ int b=1; if(b==1){ using namespace ns1; } if(b==2){ using namespace ns2; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } However, this doesn't work since the compiler complains that x isn't known in that scope. I guess the problem is that "using namespace ..." is only valid within the if-statement. I think that it should be possible to switch namespaces somehow, but cannot find out how... Do you know how to do this without casting all variable separately? int main(){ int b=1; double *x; if(b==1){ x = ns1::x; } if(b==2){ x = ns2::x; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } Cheers, Pascal

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  • Computing the scalar product of two vectors in C++

    - by HowardRoark
    I am trying to write a program with a function double_product(vector<double> a, vector<double> b) that computes the scalar product of two vectors. The scalar product is $a_{0}b_{0}+a_{1}b_{1}+...+a_{n-1}b_{n-1}$. Here is what I have. It is a mess, but I am trying! #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; class Scalar_product { public: Scalar_product(vector<double> a, vector<double> b); }; double scalar_product(vector<double> a, vector<double> b) { double product = 0; for (int i = 0; i <= a.size()-1; i++) for (int i = 0; i <= b.size()-1; i++) product = product + (a[i])*(b[i]); return product; } int main() { cout << product << endl; return 0; }

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  • C++ reference variable again!!!

    - by kumar_m_kiran
    Hi All, I think most would be surprised about the topic again, However I am referring to a book "C++ Common Knowledge: Essential Intermediate Programming" written by "Stephen C. Dewhurst". In the book, he quotes a particular sentence (in section under Item 5. References Are Aliases, Not Pointers), which is as below A reference is an alias for an object that already exists prior to the initialization of the reference. Once a reference is initialized to refer to a particular object, it cannot later be made to refer to a different object; a reference is bound to its initializer for its whole lifetime Can anyone please explain the context of "cannot later be made to refer to a different object" Below code works for me, #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i = 100; int& ref = i; cout<<ref<<endl; int k = 2000; ref = k; cout<<ref<<endl; return 0; } Here I am referring the variable ref to both i and j variable. And the code works perfectly fine. Am I missing something? I have used SUSE10 64bit linux for testing my sample program. Thanks for your input in advance.

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  • C++ UTF-8 output with ICU

    - by Isaac
    I'm struggling to get started with the C++ ICU library. I have tried to get the simplest example to work, but even that has failed. I would just like to output a UTF-8 string and then go from there. Here is what I have: #include <unicode/unistr.h> #include <unicode/ustream.h> #include <iostream> int main() { UnicodeString s = UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("??????"); std::cout << s << std::endl; return 0; } Here is the output: $ g++ -I/sw/include -licucore -Wall -Werror -o icu_test main.cpp $ ./icu_test пÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÑ My terminal and font support UTF-8 and I regularly use the terminal with UTF-8. My source code is in UTF-8. I think that perhaps I somehow need to set the output stream to UTF-8 because ICU stores strings as UTF-16, but I'm really not sure and I would have thought that the operators provided by ustream.h would do that anyway. Any help would be appreciated, thank you.

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  • Solving algorithm for a simple problem

    - by maolo
    I'm searching for an algorithm (should be rather simple for you guys) that does nothing but solve the chicken or the egg problem. I need to implement this in C++. What I've got so far is: enum ChickenOrEgg { Chicken, Egg }; ChickenOrEgg WhatWasFirst( ) { ChickenOrEgg ret; // magic happens here return ret; } // testing #include <iostream> using namespace std; if ( WhatWasFirst( ) == Chicken ) { cout << "The chicken was first."; } else { cout << "The egg was first."; } cout << endl; Question: How could the pseudocode for the solving function look? Notes: This is not a joke, not even a bad one. Before you close this, think of why this isn't a perfectly valid question according to the SO rules. If someone here can actually implement an algorithm solving the problem he gets $500 in cookies from me (that's a hell lot of cookies!). Please don't tell me that this is my homework, what teacher would ever give his students homework like that?

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  • Mathmatic errors in basic C++ program

    - by Heather
    I am working with a basic C++ program to determine the area and perimeter of a rectangle. My program works fine for whole numbers but falls apart when I use any number with a decimal. I get the impression that I am leaving something out, but since I'm a complete beginner, I have no idea what. Below is the source: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // Declared variables int length; // declares variable for length int width; // declares variable for width int area; // declares variable for area int perimeter; // declares variable for perimeter // Statements cout << "Enter the length and the width of the rectangle: "; // states what information to enter cin >> length >> width; // user input of length and width cout << endl; // closes the input area = length * width; // calculates area of rectangle perimeter = 2 * (length + width); //calculates perimeter of rectangle cout << "The area of the rectangle = " << area << " square units." <<endl; // displays the calculation of the area cout << "The perimeter of the rectangle = " << perimeter << " units." << endl; // displays the calculation of the perimeter system ("pause"); // REMOVE BEFORE RELEASE - testing purposes only return 0; }

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  • Reading and writing to files simultaneously?

    - by vipersnake005
    Moved the question here. Suppose, I want to store 1,000,000,000 integers and cannot use my memory. I would use a file(which can easily handle so much data ). How can I let it read and write and the same time. Using fstream file("file.txt', ios::out | ios::in ); doesn't create a file, in the first place. But supposing the file exists, I am unable to use to do reading and writing simultaneously. WHat I mean is this : Let the contents of the file be 111111 Then if I run : - #include <fstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { fstream file("file.txt",ios:in|ios::out); char x; while( file>>x) { file<<'0'; } return 0; } Shouldn't the file's contents now be 101010 ? Read one character and then overwrite the next one with 0 ? Or incase the entire contents were read at once into some buffer, should there not be atleast one 0 in the file ? 1111110 ? But the contents remain unaltered. Please explain. Thank you.

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  • C++ template and pointers

    - by Kary
    I have a problem with a template and pointers ( I think ). Below is the part of my code: /* ItemCollection.h */ #ifndef ITEMCOLLECTION_H #define ITEMCOLLECTION_H #include <cstddef> using namespace std; template <class T> class ItemCollection { public: // constructor //destructor void insertItem( const T ); private: struct Item { T price; Item* left; Item* right; }; Item* root; Item* insert( T, Item* ); }; #endif And the file with function defintion: /* ItemCollectionTemp.h-member functions defintion */ #include <iostream> #include <cstddef> #include "ItemCollection.h" template <class Type> Item* ItemCollection <T>::insert( T p, Item* ptr) { // function body } Here are the errors which are generated by this line of code: Item* ItemCollection <T>::insert( T p, Item* ptr) Errors: error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '*' error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int error C2065: 'Type' : undeclared identifier error C2065: 'Type' : undeclared identifier error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'p' error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int error C2470: 'ItemCollection::insert' : looks like a function definition, but there is no parameter list; skipping apparent body error C2072: 'ItemCollection::insert': initialization of a function error C2059: syntax error : ')' Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Binary Search Tree, cannot do traversal

    - by ihm
    Please see BST codes below. It only outputs "5". what did I do wrong? #include <iostream> class bst { public: bst(const int& numb) : root(new node(numb)) {} void insert(const int& numb) { root->insert(new node(numb), root); } void inorder() { root->inorder(root); } private: class node { public: node(const int& numb) : left(NULL), right(NULL) { value = numb; } void insert(node* insertion, node* position) { if (position == NULL) position = insertion; else if (insertion->value > position->value) insert(insertion, position->right); else if (insertion->value < position->value) insert(insertion, position->left); } void inorder(node* tree) { if (tree == NULL) return; inorder(tree->left); std::cout << tree->value << std::endl; inorder(tree->right); } private: node* left; node* right; int value; }; node* root; }; int main() { bst tree(5); tree.insert(4); tree.insert(2); tree.insert(10); tree.insert(14); tree.inorder(); return 0; }

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  • c++ creating ambigram from string

    - by mike_hornbeck
    I have a task to implement "void makeAmbigram(char*)" that will print on screen ambigram of latin string or return something like 'ambigram not possible'. Guess it's just about checking if string contains only of SNOXZHI and printing string backwards. Or am I wrong ? I'm a complete noob when dealing with cpp so that's what I've created : #include <iostream> using namespace std; char[]words; char[]reversed; char[] ret_str(char* s) { if(*s != '\0') ret_str(s+1); return s; } void makeAmbigram(char* c) { /* finding chars XIHNOZS and printing ambigram */ } int main() { cin>>words; reversed = ret_str(words); makeAmbigram(reversed); return 0; } I can reverse string but how to check if my reversed string contains only needed chars ? I've found some function but it's hard or even imposible to implement it for greater amount of chars : http://www.java2s.com/Code/C/String/Findcharacterinstringhowtousestrchr.htm

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  • c++ expected constant expression

    - by cpp
    #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cmath> #include <math.h> #include <iomanip> using std::ifstream; using namespace std; int main (void) { int count=0; float sum=0; float maximum=-1000000; float sumOfX; float sumOfY; int size; int negativeY=0; int positiveX=0; int negativeX=0; ifstream points; //the points to be imported from file //points.open( "data.dat"); //points>>size; //cout<<size<<endl; size=100; float x[size][2]; while (count<size) { points>>(x[count][0]); //cout<<"x= "<<(x[count][0])<<" ";//read in x value points>>(x[count][1]); //cout<<"y= "<<(x[count][1])<<endl;//read in y value count++; } This program is giving me expected constant expression error on the line where I declare float x[size][2]. why?

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