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  • Calling base class constructor

    - by The Void
    In the program below, is the line Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) correct/allowed? That is, does it follow ANSI rules? #include <iostream> class Base { public: Base(): x_(0) { std::cout << "Base default constructor called" << std::endl; } Base(int x): x_(x) { std::cout << "Base constructor called with x = " << x << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << x_ << std::endl; } protected: int x_; }; class Derived: public Base { public: Derived(): Base(1), y_(1.2) { std::cout << "Derived default constructor called" << std::endl; } Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) { std::cout << "Derived constructor called with y = " << y << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << Base::x_ << ", " << y_ << std::endl; } private: double y_; }; int main() { Base b1; b1.display(); Derived d1; d1.display(); std::cout << std::endl; Base b2(-9); b2.display(); Derived d2(-8.7); d2.display(); return 0; }

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  • Does operator precedence in C++ differ for pointers and iterators?

    - by oraz
    The code below demonstrates this difference: #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { char s[] = "ABCD"; std::string str(s); char *p = s; while(*p) { *p++ = tolower(*p); // <-- incr after assignment } std::cout << s << std::endl; std::string::iterator it = str.begin(), end = str.end(); while(it != end) { *it++ = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? } std::cout << str << std::endl; return 0; } the code above outputs: abcd bcd if we separate assignment operation and increment operator: while(it != end) { *it = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? it++; } the output will be as expected. What's wrong with the original code? $ g++ --version g++ (GCC) 3.4.4 (cygming special, gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125) Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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  • C++ string.substr() function problem

    - by VaioIsBorn
    I want to make a program that will read some number in string format and output it like this: if the number is 12345 it should then output 12 23 34 45 . I tried using the substr() function from the c++ string library, but it gives me strange results - it outputs 1 23 345 45 instead of the expected result. Why ? #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main(void) { string a;cin >> a; string b;int c; for(int i=0;i<a.size()-1;++i) { b = a.substr(i,i+1); c = atoi(b.c_str()); cout << c << " "; } cout << endl; return 0; }

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  • Accessing variables with different scope in C++

    - by Portablejim
    With #include <iostream> using namespace std; int a = 1; int main() { int a = 2; if(true) { int a = 3; cout << a << " " << ::a // Can I access a = 2 here? << " " << ::a << endl; } cout << a << " " << ::a << endl; } having the output 3 1 1 2 1 Is there a way to access the 'a' equal to 2 inside the if statement where there is the 'a' equal to 3, with the output 3 2 1 2 1 Note: I know this should not be done (and the code should not get to the point where I need to ask). This question is more "can it be done".

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  • static member specialization of templated child class and templated base class

    - by b3nj1
    I'm trying to have a templated class (here C) that inherits from another templated class (here A) and perform static member specialization (of int var here), but I cant get the right syntax to do so (if it's possible #include <iostream> template<typename derived> class A { public: static int var; }; //This one works fine class B :public A<B> { public: B() { std::cout << var << std::endl; } }; template<> int A<B>::var = 9; //This one doesn't works template<typename type> class C :public A<C<type> > { public: C() { std::cout << var << std::endl; } }; //template<> template<typename type> int A<C<type> >::a = 10; int main() { B b; C<int> c; return 0; } I put an example that works with a non templated class (here B) and i can get the static member specialization of var, but for C that just doesn't work. Here is what gcc tells me : test.cpp: In constructor ‘C<type>::C()’: test.cpp:29:26: error: ‘var’ was not declared in this scope test.cpp: At global scope: test.cpp:34:18: error: template definition of non-template ‘int A<C<type> >::a’ I'm using gcc version 4.6.3, thanks for any help

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  • Mathmatic errors in basic C++ program

    - by Heather
    I am working with a basic C++ program to determine the area and perimeter of a rectangle. My program works fine for whole numbers but falls apart when I use any number with a decimal. I get the impression that I am leaving something out, but since I'm a complete beginner, I have no idea what. Below is the source: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // Declared variables int length; // declares variable for length int width; // declares variable for width int area; // declares variable for area int perimeter; // declares variable for perimeter // Statements cout << "Enter the length and the width of the rectangle: "; // states what information to enter cin >> length >> width; // user input of length and width cout << endl; // closes the input area = length * width; // calculates area of rectangle perimeter = 2 * (length + width); //calculates perimeter of rectangle cout << "The area of the rectangle = " << area << " square units." <<endl; // displays the calculation of the area cout << "The perimeter of the rectangle = " << perimeter << " units." << endl; // displays the calculation of the perimeter system ("pause"); // REMOVE BEFORE RELEASE - testing purposes only return 0; }

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  • c++ creating ambigram from string

    - by mike_hornbeck
    I have a task to implement "void makeAmbigram(char*)" that will print on screen ambigram of latin string or return something like 'ambigram not possible'. Guess it's just about checking if string contains only of SNOXZHI and printing string backwards. Or am I wrong ? I'm a complete noob when dealing with cpp so that's what I've created : #include <iostream> using namespace std; char[]words; char[]reversed; char[] ret_str(char* s) { if(*s != '\0') ret_str(s+1); return s; } void makeAmbigram(char* c) { /* finding chars XIHNOZS and printing ambigram */ } int main() { cin>>words; reversed = ret_str(words); makeAmbigram(reversed); return 0; } I can reverse string but how to check if my reversed string contains only needed chars ? I've found some function but it's hard or even imposible to implement it for greater amount of chars : http://www.java2s.com/Code/C/String/Findcharacterinstringhowtousestrchr.htm

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  • I just learned about C++ functions, can i use if statements onto functions?

    - by Sagistic
    What I am confused on is about the isNumPalindrome() function. It returns a boolean value of either true or false. How am I suppose to use that so I can display if its a palindrome or not. For ex. If (isNumPalindrome = true) cout "Your number is a palindrome" else "your number is not a palindrome." #include "stdafx.h" int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { return 0; } #include <iostream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; int askNumber(); bool isNumPalindrome(); int num, pwr; int main() { askNumber(); isNumPalindrome(); return 0; } bool isNumPalindrome() { int pwr = 0; if (num < 10) return true; else { while (num / static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr)) >=10) pwr++; while (num >=10) { int tenTopwr = static_cast<int>(pow(10.0, pwr)); if ((num / tenTopwr) != (num% 10)) return false; else { num = num % tenTopwr; num = num / 10; pwr = pwr-2; } } return true; } } int askNumber() { cout << "Enter an integer in order to determine if it is a palindrome: " ; cin >> num; cout << endl; return num; }

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  • C++ privately contructed class

    - by Nona Urbiz
    How can I call a function and keep my constructor private? If I make the class static, I need to declare an object name which the compiler uses to call the constructor, which it cannot if the constructor is private (also the object would be extraneous). Here is the code I am attempting to use (it is not compilable): I want to keep the constructor private because I will later be doing a lot of checks before adding an object, modifying previous objects when all submitted variables are not unique rather than creating new objects. #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <regex> #include <string> #include <list> #include <map> using namespace std; using namespace tr1; class Referral { public: string url; map<string, int> keywords; static bool submit(string url, string keyword, int occurrences) { //if(Referrals.all.size == 0){ // Referral(url, keyword, occurrences); //} } private: list<string> urls; Referral(string url, string keyword, int occurrences) { url = url; keywords[keyword] = occurrences; Referrals.all.push_back(this); } }; struct All { list<Referral> all; }Referrals; int main() { Referral.submit("url", "keyword", 1); }

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  • Reverse String Error?

    - by R41nB0w M47r1z
    I am creating this revese string App but i get a error if i include a space in the string ! #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { int inputa; cout<<"%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%String Reversing App%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%"<<endl<<endl; cout<<"\nEnter 1 to continue and 0 to exit"<<endl<<endl; cin>>inputa; if(inputa!=0) { do { string a,c=""; cout<<"\nEnter the string you want to Reverse : "; cin>>a; for(int x=a.length()-1; x>=0; x--) { c=c+a.substr(x,1); } cout<<"\nThe Reverse String is : "<<c<<endl; cout<<"\nEnter 1 to continue and 0 to exit"<<endl<<endl; cin>>inputa; } while(inputa!=0); } //not my home work } If I type the following string like "abc def" there i get an error . But otherwise it works perfectly ! Is there some mistake with the codes ! I am new to CPP so it would be helpful if you could help me !

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  • C++ template and pointers

    - by Kary
    I have a problem with a template and pointers ( I think ). Below is the part of my code: /* ItemCollection.h */ #ifndef ITEMCOLLECTION_H #define ITEMCOLLECTION_H #include <cstddef> using namespace std; template <class T> class ItemCollection { public: // constructor //destructor void insertItem( const T ); private: struct Item { T price; Item* left; Item* right; }; Item* root; Item* insert( T, Item* ); }; #endif And the file with function defintion: /* ItemCollectionTemp.h-member functions defintion */ #include <iostream> #include <cstddef> #include "ItemCollection.h" template <class Type> Item* ItemCollection <T>::insert( T p, Item* ptr) { // function body } Here are the errors which are generated by this line of code: Item* ItemCollection <T>::insert( T p, Item* ptr) Errors: error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '*' error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int error C2065: 'Type' : undeclared identifier error C2065: 'Type' : undeclared identifier error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'p' error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int error C2470: 'ItemCollection::insert' : looks like a function definition, but there is no parameter list; skipping apparent body error C2072: 'ItemCollection::insert': initialization of a function error C2059: syntax error : ')' Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Why my linux signal handler run only once

    - by Henry Fané
    #include <iostream> #include <signal.h> #include <fenv.h> #include <string.h> void signal_handler(int sig, siginfo_t *siginfo, void* context) { std::cout << " signal_handler " << fetestexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) << std::endl; throw "exception"; } void divide() { float a = 1000., b = 0., c, f = 1e-300; c = a / b; std::cout << c << " and f = " << f << std::endl; } void init_sig_hanlder() { feenableexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT); struct sigaction sa, initial_sa; sa.sa_sigaction = &signal_handler ; sigemptyset( &sa.sa_mask ) ; sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; // man sigaction(3) // allows for void(*)(int,siginfo_t*,void*) handler sigaction(SIGFPE, &sa, &initial_sa); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { init_sig_hanlder(); while(true) { try { sleep(1); divide(); } catch(const char * a) { std::cout << "Exception in catch: " << a << std::endl; } catch(...) { std::cout << "Exception in ..." << std::endl; } } return 0; } Produce the following results on Linux/g++4.2: signal_handler 0 Exception in catch: exception inf and f = 0 inf and f = 0 inf and f = 0 inf and f = 0 So, signal handler is executed the first time but the next fp exception does not trigger the handler again. Where am I wrong ?

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  • Simple C++ code (what's wrong here?)

    - by JW
    Noob to C++. I'm trying to get user input (Last Name, First Name Middle Name), change part of it (Middle Name to Middle Initial) and then rearrange it (First Middle Initial Last). Where am I messing up in my code? --Thanks for ANY help you can offer! ... #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::cin; #include <string> using std::string; int main() { string myString, last, first, middle; cout << "Enter your name: Last, First Middle"; cin >> last >> first >> middle; char comma, space1, space2; comma = myString.find_first_of(','); space1 = myString.find_first_of(' '); space2 = myString.find_last_of(' '); last = myString.substr (0, comma); // user input last name first = myString.substr (space1+1, -1); // user input first name middle = myString.substr (space2+1, -1); // user input middle name middle.insert (0, space2+1); // inserts middle initial in front of middle name middle.erase (1, -1); // deletes full middle name, leaving only middle initial myString = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last; // return 0; }

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  • Having troubles inheriting base class

    - by Nick
    When I inherit the base class, it's telling me there is no such class This is enhanced.h: class enhanced: public changeDispenser // <--------where error is occuring { public: void changeStatus(); // Function: Lets the user know how much of each coin is in the machine enhanced(int); // Constructor // Sets the Dollar amount to what the User wants void changeLoad(int); // Function: Loads what change the user requests into the Coin Machine int dispenseChange(int); // Function: Takes the users amount of cents requests and dispenses it to the user private: int dollar; }; This is enhanced.cpp: #include "enhanced.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; enhanced::enhanced(int dol) { dollar = dol; } void enhanced::changeStatus() { cout << dollar << " dollars, "; changeDispenser::changeStatus(); } void enhanced::changeLoad(int d) { dollar = dollar + d; //changeDispenser::changeLoad; } This is changeDispenser.h: class changeDispenser { public: void changeStatus(); // Function: Lets the user know how much of each coin is in the machine changeDispenser(int, int, int, int); // Constructor // Sets the Quarters, Dimes, Nickels, and Pennies to what the User wants void changeLoad(int, int, int, int); // Function: Loads what change the user requests into the Coin Machine int dispenseChange(int); // Function: Takes the users amount of cents requests and dispenses it to the user private: int quarter; int dime; int nickel; int penny; }; I didn't include the driver file or the changeDispenser imp file, but in the driver, these are included #include "changeDispenser.h" #include "enhanced.h"

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  • Instantiating a class within a class

    - by Ink-Jet
    Hello. I'm trying to instantiate a class within a class, so that the outer class contains the inner class. This is my code: #include <iostream> #include <string> class Inner { private: std::string message; public: Inner(std::string m); void print() const; }; Inner::Inner(std::string m) { message = m; } void Inner::print() const { std::cout << message << std::endl; std::cout << message << std::endl; } class Outer { private: std::string message; Inner in; public: Outer(std::string m); void print() const; }; Outer::Outer(std::string m) { message = m; } void Outer::print() const { std::cout << message << std::endl; } int main() { Outer out("Hello world."); out.print(); return 0; } "Inner in", is my attempt at containing the inner within the outer, however, when I compile, i get an error that there is no matching function for call to Inner::Inner(). What have I done wrong? Thanks.

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  • Solving algorithm for a simple problem

    - by maolo
    I'm searching for an algorithm (should be rather simple for you guys) that does nothing but solve the chicken or the egg problem. I need to implement this in C++. What I've got so far is: enum ChickenOrEgg { Chicken, Egg }; ChickenOrEgg WhatWasFirst( ) { ChickenOrEgg ret; // magic happens here return ret; } // testing #include <iostream> using namespace std; if ( WhatWasFirst( ) == Chicken ) { cout << "The chicken was first."; } else { cout << "The egg was first."; } cout << endl; Question: How could the pseudocode for the solving function look? Notes: This is not a joke, not even a bad one. Before you close this, think of why this isn't a perfectly valid question according to the SO rules. If someone here can actually implement an algorithm solving the problem he gets $500 in cookies from me (that's a hell lot of cookies!). Please don't tell me that this is my homework, what teacher would ever give his students homework like that?

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  • Mathematics errors in basic C++ program

    - by H Bomb1013
    I am working with a basic C++ program to determine the area and perimeter of a rectangle. My program works fine for whole numbers but falls apart when I use any number with a decimal. I get the impression that I am leaving something out, but since I'm a complete beginner, I have no idea what. Below is the source: #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { // Declared variables int length; // declares variable for length int width; // declares variable for width int area; // declares variable for area int perimeter; // declares variable for perimeter // Statements cout << "Enter the length and the width of the rectangle: "; // states what information to enter cin >> length >> width; // user input of length and width cout << endl; // closes the input area = length * width; // calculates area of rectangle perimeter = 2 * (length + width); //calculates perimeter of rectangle cout << "The area of the rectangle = " << area << " square units." <<endl; // displays the calculation of the area cout << "The perimeter of the rectangle = " << perimeter << " units." << endl; // displays the calculation of the perimeter system ("pause"); // REMOVE BEFORE RELEASE - testing purposes only return 0; }

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  • why cannot use uncaught_exception in dtor?

    - by camino
    Hi , Herb Sutter in his article http://www.gotw.ca/gotw/047.htm pointed out that we cannot use uncaught_exception in desturctor function, // Why the wrong solution is wrong // U::~U() { try { T t; // do work } catch( ... ) { // clean up } } If a U object is destroyed due to stack unwinding during to exception propagation, T::~T will fail to use the "code that could throw" path even though it safely could. but I write a test program, and T::~T in fact didn't use the "code that could throw" #include <exception> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class T { public: ~T() { if( !std::uncaught_exception() ) { cout<<"can throw"<<endl; throw 1; } else { cout<<"cannot throw"<<endl; } } }; struct U { ~U() { try { T t; } catch( ... ) { } } }; void f() { U u; throw 2; } int main() { try { f(); } catch(...) {} } output is : cannot throw did I miss something? Thanks

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  • when is a v-table created in C++?

    - by saminny
    When exactly does the compiler create a virtual function table? 1) when the class contains at least one virtual function. OR 2) when the immediate base class contains at least one virtual function. OR 3) when any parent class at any level of the hierarchy contains at least one virtual function. A related question to this: Is it possible to give up dynamic dispatch in a C++ hierarchy? e.g. consider the following example. #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A { public: virtual void f(); }; class B: public A { public: void f(); }; class C: public B { public: void f(); }; Which classes will contain a V-Table? Since B does not declare f() as virtual, does class C get dynamic polymorphism?

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  • Reading and writing to files simultaneously?

    - by vipersnake005
    Moved the question here. Suppose, I want to store 1,000,000,000 integers and cannot use my memory. I would use a file(which can easily handle so much data ). How can I let it read and write and the same time. Using fstream file("file.txt', ios::out | ios::in ); doesn't create a file, in the first place. But supposing the file exists, I am unable to use to do reading and writing simultaneously. WHat I mean is this : Let the contents of the file be 111111 Then if I run : - #include <fstream> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { fstream file("file.txt",ios:in|ios::out); char x; while( file>>x) { file<<'0'; } return 0; } Shouldn't the file's contents now be 101010 ? Read one character and then overwrite the next one with 0 ? Or incase the entire contents were read at once into some buffer, should there not be atleast one 0 in the file ? 1111110 ? But the contents remain unaltered. Please explain. Thank you.

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  • Program always returns binary '>>' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type error

    - by Tom Ward
    So I've been set a task to create a temperature converter in C++ using this equation: Celsius = (5/9)*(Fahrenheit – 32) and so far I've come up with this (I've cut out the 10 lines worth of comments from the start so the code posted begins on line 11, if that makes any sense) #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <iomanip> #include <cmath> using namespace std; int main () { float celsius; float farenheit; std::cout << "**************************" << endl; std::cout << "*4001COMP-Lab5-Question 1*" << endl; std::cout << "**************************" << endl << endl; std::cout << "Please enter a temperature in farenheit: "; std::cin >> farenheit >> endl; std::cout << "Temperature (farenheit): " << endl; std::cout << "Temperature (celsius): " << celsius << endl; std::cin.get(); return 0; } Everytime I try to run this program I get a heap of errors with this one appearing every time: 1m:\visual studio 2010\projects\week 5\week 5\main.cpp(26): error C2678: binary '' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type 'std::basic_istream<_Elem,_Traits' (or there is no acceptable conversion) I've tried everything I can think of to get rid of this error but it reappears every time, any idea on how to fix this?

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  • Operator+ for a subtype of a template classe.

    - by baol
    I have a template class that defines a subtype. I'm trying to define the binary operator+ as a template function, but the compiler cannot resolve the template version of the operator+. #include <iostream> template<typename other_type> struct c { c(other_type v) : cs(v) {} struct subtype { subtype(other_type v) : val(v) {} other_type val; } cs; }; template<typename other_type> typename c<other_type>::subtype operator+(const typename c<other_type>::subtype& left, const typename c<other_type>::subtype& right) { return typename c<other_type>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } // This one works // c<a>::subtype operator+(const c<a>::subtype& left, // const c<a>::subtype& right) // { return c<a>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } int main() { c<int> c1 = 1; c<int> c2 = 2; c<int>::subtype cs3 = c1.cs + c2.cs; std::cerr << cs3.val << std::endl; } I think the reason is because the compiler (g++4.3) cannot guess the template type so it's searching for operator+<int> instead of operator+. What's the reason for that? What elegant solution can you suggest?

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  • write a program that prompts the user to input five decimal numbers

    - by user312309
    This is the question. write a program that prompts the user to input five decimal numbers. the program should then add the five decimal numbers, convert the sum to the nearest integer,m and print the result. This is what I've gotten so far: // p111n9.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include <iostream> using namespace std; double a, b , c , d , e, f; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { cout << "enter 5 decimals: " << endl; cin >> a >> b >> c >> d >> e; f = a + b + c + d + e; return 0; } Now I just need to convert the sum(f) to the nearest integer, m and print the result. How do I do this?

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  • switch namespace by if condtion

    - by pascal
    Hi, in my C++ program I have several namespaces that contain several pointers with identical names. I then want a function to choose a namespace according to a parameter. I.e. something like: #include <iostream> namespace ns1{ double x[5]={1,2,3,4,5}; } namespace ns2{ double x[5]={6,7,8,9,10}; } int main(){ int b=1; if(b==1){ using namespace ns1; } if(b==2){ using namespace ns2; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } However, this doesn't work since the compiler complains that x isn't known in that scope. I guess the problem is that "using namespace ..." is only valid within the if-statement. I think that it should be possible to switch namespaces somehow, but cannot find out how... Do you know how to do this without casting all variable separately? int main(){ int b=1; double *x; if(b==1){ x = ns1::x; } if(b==2){ x = ns2::x; } std::cout << x[3] << std::endl; } Cheers, Pascal

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  • Binary Search Tree, cannot do traversal

    - by ihm
    Please see BST codes below. It only outputs "5". what did I do wrong? #include <iostream> class bst { public: bst(const int& numb) : root(new node(numb)) {} void insert(const int& numb) { root->insert(new node(numb), root); } void inorder() { root->inorder(root); } private: class node { public: node(const int& numb) : left(NULL), right(NULL) { value = numb; } void insert(node* insertion, node* position) { if (position == NULL) position = insertion; else if (insertion->value > position->value) insert(insertion, position->right); else if (insertion->value < position->value) insert(insertion, position->left); } void inorder(node* tree) { if (tree == NULL) return; inorder(tree->left); std::cout << tree->value << std::endl; inorder(tree->right); } private: node* left; node* right; int value; }; node* root; }; int main() { bst tree(5); tree.insert(4); tree.insert(2); tree.insert(10); tree.insert(14); tree.inorder(); return 0; }

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