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  • Constructor issue

    - by laura
    This is the code that I worked on and I don't understand what it's happening on constructor Package obj2(); On output are displayed only the values 4 (Package obj1(4)) and 2 (Package obj3(2)) #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Package { private: int value; public: Package() { cout<<"constructor #1"<<endl; value = 7; cout << value << endl; } Package(int v) { cout<<"constructor #2"<<endl; value = v; cout << value << endl; } ~Package() { cout<<"destructor"<<endl; cout << value << endl; } }; int main() { Package obj1(4); Package obj2(); Package obj3(2); }

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  • Why is it that an int in C++ that isnt initialized (then used) doesn't return an error?

    - by omizzle
    I am new to C++ (just starting). I come from a Java background and I was trying out the following piece of code that would sum the numbers between 1 and 10 (inclusive) and then print out the sum: /* * File: main.cpp * Author: omarestrella * * Created on June 7, 2010, 8:02 PM */ #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int sum; for(int x = 1; x <= 10; x++) { sum += x; } cout << "The sum is: " << sum << endl; return 0; } When I ran it it kept printing 32822 for the sum. I knew the answer was supposed to be 55 and realized that its print the max value for a short (32767) plus 55. Changing int sum; to int sum = 0; would work (as it should, since the variable needs to be initialized!). Why does this behavior happen, though? Why doesnt the compiler warn you about something like this? I know Java screams at you when something isnt initialized. Thank you.

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  • How am i overriding this C++ inherited member function without the virtual keyword being used?

    - by Gary Willoughby
    I have a small program to demonstrate simple inheritance. I am defining a Dog class which is derived from Mammal. Both classes share a simple member function called ToString(). How is Dog overriding the implementation in the Mammal class, when i'm not using the virtual keyword? (Do i even need to use the virtual keyword to override member functions?) mammal.h #ifndef MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #define MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #include <string> class Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED mammal.cpp #include <string> #include "mammal.h" std::string Mammal::ToString() { return "I am a Mammal!"; } dog.h #ifndef DOG_H_INCLUDED #define DOG_H_INCLUDED #include <string> #include "mammal.h" class Dog : public Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // DOG_H_INCLUDED dog.cpp #include <string> #include "dog.h" std::string Dog::ToString() { return "I am a Dog!"; } main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "dog.h" using namespace std; int main() { Dog d; std::cout << d.ToString() << std::endl; return 0; } output I am a Dog! I'm using MingW on Windows via Code::Blocks.

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  • C++ Boolean problem (comparison between two arrays)

    - by Martin
    Hello! I have a problem to do. I already did some part of it, however I stuck and don't know exactly what to do next. The question: " You are given two arrays of ints, named A and B. One contains AMAXELEMENTS and the other contains BMAXELEMENTS. Write a Boolean-valued function that returns true if there is at least one point in A that is the same as a point in B, and false if there is no match between two arrays. " The two arrays are made up by me, I think if I know how to compare two arrays I will be fine, and I will be able to finish my problem. This is what I have so far (I changed AMAXELEMENTS to AMAX, and BMAXELEMENTS to BMAX): #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(){ const int AMAX=5, BMAX=6; int i; bool c1=true,c2=false; int A[AMAX]={2,4,1,5,9}; int B[BMAX]={9,12,32,43,23,11}; for(i=0;i<BMAX;i++) if (B[i]==A[i]) // <---- I think this part has to look different, but I can't figure it out. cout<<c1<<endl; else cout<< c2<<endl; return 0; }

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  • Friends, templates, overloading <<

    - by Crystal
    I'm trying to use friend functions to overload << and templates to get familiar with templates. I do not know what these compile errors are: Point.cpp:11: error: shadows template parm 'class T' Point.cpp:12: error: declaration of 'const Point<T>& T' for this file #include "Point.h" template <class T> Point<T>::Point() : xCoordinate(0), yCoordinate(0) {} template <class T> Point<T>::Point(T xCoordinate, T yCoordinate) : xCoordinate(xCoordinate), yCoordinate(yCoordinate) {} template <class T> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Point<T> &T) { std::cout << "(" << T.xCoordinate << ", " << T.yCoordinate << ")"; return out; } My header looks like: #ifndef POINT_H #define POINT_H #include <iostream> template <class T> class Point { public: Point(); Point(T xCoordinate, T yCoordinate); friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Point<T> &T); private: T xCoordinate; T yCoordinate; }; #endif My header also gives the warning: Point.h:12: warning: friend declaration 'std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Point<T>&)' declares a non-template function Which I was also unsure why. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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  • User Defined Conversions in C++

    - by wash
    Recently, I was browsing through my copy of the C++ Pocket Reference from O'Reilly Media, and I was surprised when I came across a brief section and example regarding user-defined conversion for user-defined types: #include <iostream> class account { private: double balance; public: account (double b) { balance = b; } operator double (void) { return balance; } }; int main (void) { account acc(100.0); double balance = acc; std::cout << balance << std::endl; return 0; } I've been programming in C++ for awhile, and this is the first time I've ever seen this sort of operator overloading. The book's description of this subject is somewhat brief, leaving me with a few unanswered questions about this feature: Is this a particularly obscure feature? As I said, I've been programming in C++ for awhile and this is the first time I've ever come across this. I haven't had much luck finding more in-depth material regarding this. Is this relatively portable? (I'm compiling on GCC 4.1) Can user-defined conversions to user defined types be done? e.g. operator std::string () { /* code */ }

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  • C++: calling member functions within constructor?

    - by powerboy
    The following code raises a runtime error: #include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <ext/slist> class IntList : public __gnu_cxx::slist<int> { public: typedef IntList::iterator iterator; IntList() { tail_ = begin(); } // seems that there is a problem here void append(const int node) { tail_ = insert_after(tail_, node); } private: iterator tail_; }; int main() { IntList list; list.append(1); list.append(2); list.append(3); for (IntList::iterator i = list.begin(); i != list.end(); ++i) { std::cout << *i << " "; } return 0; } Seems that the problem is in the constructor IntList(). Is it because it calls the member function begin()?

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  • C++, generic programming and virtual functions. How do I get what I want?

    - by carleeto
    This is what I would like to do using templates: struct op1 { virtual void Method1() = 0; } ... struct opN { virtual void MethodN() = 0; } struct test : op1, op2, op3, op4 { virtual void Method1(){/*do work1*/}; virtual void Method2(){/*do work2*/}; virtual void Method3(){/*do work3*/}; virtual void Method4(){/*do work4*/}; } I would like to have a class that simply derives from a template class that provides these method declarations while at the same time making them virtual. This is what I've managed to come up with: #include <iostream> template< size_t N > struct ops : ops< N - 1 > { protected: virtual void DoStuff(){ std::cout<<N<<std::endl; }; public: template< size_t i > void Method() { if( i < N ) ops<i>::DoStuff(); } //leaving out compile time asserts for brevity } struct test : ops<6> { }; int main( int argc, char ** argv ) { test obj; obj.Method<3>(); //prints 3 return 0; } However, as you've probably guessed, I am unable to override any of the 6 methods I have inherited. I'm obviously missing something here. What is my error? No, this isn't homework. This is curiosity.

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  • Cannot compute equation, always gives zero

    - by user1738391
    Did i miss something? The variable percentage_ always equals 0. I've checked nTimes and winnings, they give the correct values as what is being input. Even when I test out a simple equation like, percentage_=1+1, percentage_ will give 0. Can someone help? #pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; class GuessMachine { private: int nTimes; int winnings; string nM[6]; public: GuessMachine(); void displayPrizes(); void displayMenu(); int getInput(); void checkNumber(); void checkPrize(); }; void GuessMachine::checkPrize() { MagicNumber mn; int prize_=mn.generateNumber(); float percentage_; percentage_ = float (winnings/nTimes*100); //<--On this line percentage is always 0 no matter what winnings and nTimes are cout<<"Percentage is "<<percentage_<<endl; if(percentage_ >= 50) { cout<<"You have scored "<<percentage_<<"% and won "<<nM[prize_]; } else { cout<<"You have scored "<<percentage_<<"%. You lose!!"; } cin.ignore(); cin.ignore(); }

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  • How does object of sub-class record information about its super-class the in a Virtual Inheritance

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi there: I encounter this problem when tackling with virtual inheritance. I remember that in a non-virtual inheritance hierarchy, object of sub-class hold an object of its direct super-class. What about virtual inheritance? In this situation, does object of sub-class hold an object of its super-class directly or just hold a pointer pointing to an object of its super-class? By the way, why the output of the following code is: sizeof(A): 8 sizeof(B): 20 sizeof(C): 32 Code: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A{ char k[ 3 ]; public: virtual void a(){}; }; class B : public virtual A{ char j[ 3 ]; public: virtual void b(){}; }; class C : public virtual B{ char i[ 3 ]; public: virtual void c(){}; }; int main( int argc, char *argv[] ){ cout << "sizeof(A): " << sizeof( A ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(B): " << sizeof( B ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(C): " << sizeof( C ) << endl; return 0; } Thanks in advance. Kind regards.

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  • How to decrease size of c++ source code? [closed]

    - by free0u
    For example #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin); freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout); int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << i; } return 0; } Decrease: #include <fstream> int main() { std::ifstream y("input.txt"); std::ofstream z("output.txt"); int n, i = 0; y >> n; while(i < n) z << i++; exit(0); } What's about "fstream"? std::fstream y("input.txt"), z("output.txt") It's amazing but output is not correct.) "output.txt" isn't remaking. Output is writing from begin of file. How to decrease code? Just for fun)

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  • Segmentation fault on instationation of more than 1 object

    - by ECE
    I have a class called "Vertex.hpp" which is as follows: #include <iostream> #include "Edge.hpp" #include <vector> using namespace std; /** A class, instances of which are nodes in an HCTree. */ class Vertex { public: Vertex(char * str){ *name=*str; } vector<Vertex*> adjecency_list; vector<Edge*> edge_weights; char *name; }; #endif When I instantiate an object of type Vector as follows: Vertex *first_read; Vertex *second_read; in.getline(input,256); str=strtok(input," "); first_read->name=str; str=strtok(NULL, " "); second_read->name=str; A segmentation fault occurs when more than 1 object of type Vector is instantiated. Why would this occur if more than 1 object is instantiated, and how can i allow multiple objects to be instantiated?

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  • returning a pointed to an object within a std::vector

    - by memC
    I have a very basic question on returning a reference to an element of a vector . There is a vector vec that stores instances of class Foo. I want to access an element from this vector . ( don't want to use the vector index) . How should I code the method getFoo here? #include<vector> #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<math.h> using namespace std; class Foo { public: Foo(){}; ~Foo(){}; }; class B { public: vector<Foo> vec; Foo* getFoo(); B(){}; ~B(){}; }; Foo* B::getFoo(){ int i; vec.push_back(Foo()); i = vec.size() - 1; // how to return a pointer to vec[i] ?? return vec.at(i); }; int main(){ B b; b = B(); int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++){ b.getFoo(); } return 0; }

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  • Should this work?

    - by Noah Roberts
    I am trying to specialize a metafunction upon a type that has a function pointer as one of its parameters. The code compiles just fine but it will simply not match the type. #include <iostream> #include <boost/mpl/bool.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/identity.hpp> template < typename CONT, typename NAME, typename TYPE, TYPE (CONT::*getter)() const, void (CONT::*setter)(TYPE const&) > struct metafield_fun {}; struct test_field {}; struct test { int testing() const { return 5; } void testing(int const&) {} }; template < typename T > struct field_writable : boost::mpl::identity<T> {}; template < typename CONT, typename NAME, typename TYPE, TYPE (CONT::*getter)() const > struct field_writable< metafield_fun<CONT,NAME,TYPE,getter,0> > : boost::mpl::false_ {}; typedef metafield_fun<test, test_field, int, &test::testing, 0> unwritable; int main() { std::cout << typeid(field_writable<unwritable>::type).name() << std::endl; std::cin.get(); } Output is always the type passed in, never bool_.

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  • How to reliably get size of C-style array?

    - by Frank
    How do I reliably get the size of a C-style array? The method often recommended seems to be to use sizeof, but it doesn't work in the foo function, where x is passed in: #include <iostream> void foo(int x[]) { std::cerr << (sizeof(x) / sizeof(int)); // 2 } int main(){ int x[] = {1,2,3,4,5}; std::cerr << (sizeof(x) / sizeof(int)); // 5 foo(x); return 0; } Answers to this question recommend sizeof but they don't say that it (apparently?) doesn't work if you pass the array around. So, do I have to use a sentinel instead? (I don't think the users of my foo function can always be trusted to put a sentinel at the end. Of course, I could use std::vector, but then I don't get the nice shorthand syntax {1,2,3,4,5}.)

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  • How to write curiously recurring templates with more than 2 layers of inheritance?

    - by Kyle
    All the material I've read on Curiously Recurring Template Pattern seems to one layer of inheritance, ie Base and Derived : Base<Derived>. What if I want to take it one step further? #include <iostream> using std::cout; template<typename LowestDerivedClass> class A { public: LowestDerivedClass& get() { return *static_cast<LowestDerivedClass*>(this); } void print() { cout << "A\n"; } }; template<typename LowestDerivedClass> class B : public A<LowestDerivedClass> { public: void print() { cout << "B\n"; } }; class C : public B<C> { public: void print() { cout << "C\n"; } }; int main() { C c; c.get().print(); // B b; // Intentionally bad syntax, // b.get().print(); // to demonstrate what I'm trying to accomplish return 0; } How can I rewrite this code to compile without errors (and output "C\nB\n")?

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  • uninitialized local variable

    - by blitzeus
    This code compiles and runs though gives a Microsoft compiler error that I cant fix warning C4700: uninitialized local variable 'ptr4D' used. This is in the last line of the code, I think #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int DIM0 = 2, DIM1 = 3, DIM2 = 4, DIM3 = 5; void TestDeclar(); int main(){ TestDeclar(); cout << "Done!\n"; return 0; } void TestDeclar(){ //24 - array of 5 floats float xa[DIM3], xb[DIM3], xc[DIM3], xd[DIM3], xe[DIM3], xf[DIM3]; float xg[DIM3], xh[DIM3], xi[DIM3], xj[DIM3], xk[DIM3], xl[DIM3]; float xm[DIM3], xn[DIM3], xo[DIM3], xp[DIM3], xq[DIM3], xr[DIM3]; float xs[DIM3], xt[DIM3], xu[DIM3], xv[DIM3], xw[DIM3], xx[DIM3]; //6 - array of 4 pointers to floats float *ya[DIM2] = {xa, xb, xc, xd}, *yb[DIM2] = {xe, xf, xg, xh}; float *yc[DIM2] = {xi, xj, xk, xl}, *yd[DIM2] = {xm, xn, xo, xp}; float *ye[DIM2] = {xq, xr, xs, xt}, *yf[DIM2] = {xu, xv, xw, xx}; //2 - array of 3 pointers to pointers of floats float **za[DIM1] = {ya, yb, yc}; float **zb[DIM1] = {yd, ye, yf}; //array of 2 pointers to pointers to pointers of floats float ***ptr4D[DIM0] = {za, zb}; cout << &***ptr4D[DIM0] << '\n'; }

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  • C++ Loop - Need variable to accumulate sum

    - by user1780064
    I'm writing a program to ask the user to enter a value between 5 and 21 (inclusive). If the number entered is not in this range, it prints, "Please try again". If the number is within the range, I need to take that number, and print the sum of all the numbers from 1 to the value entered. So if the user entered "7", the sum would be "28". I successfully wrote the first loop, in the case of the number not being within the range, but cannot figure out how to run the second loop- whether to use a while, do-while, or for loop. Please advise. #include <iostream> int main () { int uservalue; int count; int sum; //Prompt user for input do { cout << "Enter a value from 5 to 21: "; cin >> uservalue; if (uservalue < 5 || uservalue > 21) cout << "Value out of range. Try again..." << endl; } while (uservalue < 5 || uservalue > 21); cout << endl; //Loop to accumulate sum for (count = 1, count < uservalue, count++;) { sum = uservalue + count; if (uservalue <= 5 || uservalue <= 21) cout << the sum is " << sum << endl; } return 0; }

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  • static initialization confusion

    - by Happy Mittal
    I am getting very confused in some concepts in c++. For ex: I have following two files //file1.cpp class test { static int s; public: test(){s++;} }; static test t; int test::s=5; //file2.cpp #include<iostream> using namespace std; class test { static int s; public: test(){s++;} static int get() { return s; } }; static test t; int main() { cout<<test::get()<<endl; } Now My question is : 1. How two files link successfully even if they have different class definitions? 2. Are the static member s of two classes related because I get output as 7. Please explain this concept of statics.

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  • Calling base class constructor

    - by The Void
    In the program below, is the line Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) correct/allowed? That is, does it follow ANSI rules? #include <iostream> class Base { public: Base(): x_(0) { std::cout << "Base default constructor called" << std::endl; } Base(int x): x_(x) { std::cout << "Base constructor called with x = " << x << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << x_ << std::endl; } protected: int x_; }; class Derived: public Base { public: Derived(): Base(1), y_(1.2) { std::cout << "Derived default constructor called" << std::endl; } Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) { std::cout << "Derived constructor called with y = " << y << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << Base::x_ << ", " << y_ << std::endl; } private: double y_; }; int main() { Base b1; b1.display(); Derived d1; d1.display(); std::cout << std::endl; Base b2(-9); b2.display(); Derived d2(-8.7); d2.display(); return 0; }

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  • Porting Python algorithm to C++ - different solution

    - by cb0
    Hello, I have written a little brute string generation script in python to generate all possible combinations of an alphabet within a given length. It works quite nice, but for the reason I wan't it to be faster I try to port it to C++. The problem is that my C++ Code is creating far too much combination for one word. Heres my example in python: ./test.py gives me aaa aab aac aad aa aba .... while ./test (the c++ programm gives me) aaa aaa aaa aaa aa Here I also get all possible combinations, but I get them twice ore more often. Here is the Code for both programms: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys #Brute String Generator #Start it with ./brutestringer.py 4 6 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890" "" #will produce all strings with length 4 to 6 and chars from a to z and numbers 0 to 9 def rec(w, p, baseString): for c in "abcd": if (p<w - 1): rec(w, p + 1, baseString + "%c" % c) print baseString for b in range(3,4): rec(b, 0, "") And here the C++ Code #include <iostream> using namespace std; string chars="abcd"; void rec(int w,int b,string p){ unsigned int i; for(i=0;i<chars.size();i++){ if(b < (w-1)){ rec(w, (b+1), p+chars[i]); } cout << p << "\n"; } } int main () { int a=3, b=0; rec (a+1,b, ""); return 0; } Does anybody see my fault ? I don't have much experience with C++. Thanks indeed

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  • Accessing variables with different scope in C++

    - by Portablejim
    With #include <iostream> using namespace std; int a = 1; int main() { int a = 2; if(true) { int a = 3; cout << a << " " << ::a // Can I access a = 2 here? << " " << ::a << endl; } cout << a << " " << ::a << endl; } having the output 3 1 1 2 1 Is there a way to access the 'a' equal to 2 inside the if statement where there is the 'a' equal to 3, with the output 3 2 1 2 1 Note: I know this should not be done (and the code should not get to the point where I need to ask). This question is more "can it be done".

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  • Does operator precedence in C++ differ for pointers and iterators?

    - by oraz
    The code below demonstrates this difference: #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { char s[] = "ABCD"; std::string str(s); char *p = s; while(*p) { *p++ = tolower(*p); // <-- incr after assignment } std::cout << s << std::endl; std::string::iterator it = str.begin(), end = str.end(); while(it != end) { *it++ = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? } std::cout << str << std::endl; return 0; } the code above outputs: abcd bcd if we separate assignment operation and increment operator: while(it != end) { *it = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? it++; } the output will be as expected. What's wrong with the original code? $ g++ --version g++ (GCC) 3.4.4 (cygming special, gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125) Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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  • Operator+ for a subtype of a template class.

    - by baol
    I have a template class that defines a subtype. I'm trying to define the binary operator+ as a template function, but the compiler cannot resolve the template version of the operator+. #include <iostream> template<typename other_type> struct c { c(other_type v) : cs(v) {} struct subtype { subtype(other_type v) : val(v) {} other_type val; } cs; }; template<typename other_type> typename c<other_type>::subtype operator+(const typename c<other_type>::subtype& left, const typename c<other_type>::subtype& right) { return typename c<other_type>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } // This one works // c<int>::subtype operator+(const c<int>::subtype& left, // const c<int>::subtype& right) // { return c<int>::subtype(left.val + right.val); } int main() { c<int> c1 = 1; c<int> c2 = 2; c<int>::subtype cs3 = c1.cs + c2.cs; std::cerr << cs3.val << std::endl; } I think the reason is because the compiler (g++4.3) cannot guess the template type so it's searching for operator+<int> instead of operator+. What's the reason for that? What elegant solution can you suggest?

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  • c++ creating ambigram from string

    - by mike_hornbeck
    I have a task to implement "void makeAmbigram(char*)" that will print on screen ambigram of latin string or return something like 'ambigram not possible'. Guess it's just about checking if string contains only of SNOXZHI and printing string backwards. Or am I wrong ? I'm a complete noob when dealing with cpp so that's what I've created : #include <iostream> using namespace std; char[]words; char[]reversed; char[] ret_str(char* s) { if(*s != '\0') ret_str(s+1); return s; } void makeAmbigram(char* c) { /* finding chars XIHNOZS and printing ambigram */ } int main() { cin>>words; reversed = ret_str(words); makeAmbigram(reversed); return 0; } I can reverse string but how to check if my reversed string contains only needed chars ? I've found some function but it's hard or even imposible to implement it for greater amount of chars : http://www.java2s.com/Code/C/String/Findcharacterinstringhowtousestrchr.htm

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