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  • Specializing function templates outside class temp. definition - what is the correct way of doing t

    - by LoudNPossiblyRight
    I am attempting to specialize a function template that is a member of a template class. The two of them have different template parameters. The template function specialization inside the temp. class definition is never called and the one func. spec. outside the class definition does not even compile. Should i expect this to work in the first place, and if so, what do i have to change in this code to both compile and make it work correctly: using VS2010 #include<iostream> using namespace std; template <typename T> class klass{ public: template <typename U> void func(const U &u){ cout << "I AM A TEMPLATE FUNC" << endl; } //THIS NEVER GETS CALLED !!! template <> void klass<T>::func(const string &s){ cout << "I AM A STRING SPECIALIST" << endl; } }; //THIS SPECIALIZATION WILL NOT COMPILE !!! template <typename T> template <> void klass<T>::func(const double &s){ cout << "I AM A DOUBLE SPECIALIST" << endl; } int main(){ double d = 3.14159265; klass<int> k; k.func(1234567890); k.func("string"); k.func(3.14159265); return 0; }

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  • Console in VS 2012 Express for C++?

    - by Live2Code
    I'm very new to programming, so be nice. I was using Eclipse for C/C++ devs for a while, but it seemed quite buggy so I was advised to switch to Visual Studio Express. I'm just testing out with a simple "Hello World" program #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main( int argc, char ** argv ) { string response; cout << "Gimme a string: " << flush; cin >> response; cout << "The string is: " << response << endl; system("pause"); return 0; } not much to go wrong there anyway, I noticed that there is no "console" like in Eclipse. All of the text pops up in a little command prompt window. And, also, this window closes right after displaying new text if there is no other things to do after it (like a cin). I have been told that I can use system("pause") but there has to be a better way. In Eclipse, the text would not suddenly disappear because the console window closed. i know this question might be a little confusing, comment and I'll try to explain what I'm saying. Or paste the codes into your Visual Studio 2012 Express Edition. But is there a way to display all of my text and whatever in a "console" as opposed to a command prompt-type window; and why does it always close before I can read the last thing?

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  • The program fails to display `cout` when it is run

    - by Jeff - FL
    Hello, I justed started a C++ course & I wrote, compiled, debugged & ran my first program: // This program calculates how much a little league team spent last year to purchase new baseballs. #include <iostream> using namespace std; int baseballs; int cost; int total; int main() { baseballs, cost, total; // Get the number of baseballs were purchased. cout << "How many baseballs were purchased? "; cin >> baseballs; // Get the cost of baseballs purchased. cout << "What was the cost of each baseball purchased? "; cin >> cost; // Calculate the total. total = baseballs * cost; // Display the total. cout << "The total amount spent $" << total << endl; return 0; } The only probelm that I encountered was that when I ran the program it failed to display the total amount spent (cout). Could someone please explain why? Thanks Jeff H - Sarasota, FL

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  • How am i overriding this C++ inherited member function without the virtual keyword being used?

    - by Gary Willoughby
    I have a small program to demonstrate simple inheritance. I am defining a Dog class which is derived from Mammal. Both classes share a simple member function called ToString(). How is Dog overriding the implementation in the Mammal class, when i'm not using the virtual keyword? (Do i even need to use the virtual keyword to override member functions?) mammal.h #ifndef MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #define MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED #include <string> class Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // MAMMAL_H_INCLUDED mammal.cpp #include <string> #include "mammal.h" std::string Mammal::ToString() { return "I am a Mammal!"; } dog.h #ifndef DOG_H_INCLUDED #define DOG_H_INCLUDED #include <string> #include "mammal.h" class Dog : public Mammal { public: std::string ToString(); }; #endif // DOG_H_INCLUDED dog.cpp #include <string> #include "dog.h" std::string Dog::ToString() { return "I am a Dog!"; } main.cpp #include <iostream> #include "dog.h" using namespace std; int main() { Dog d; std::cout << d.ToString() << std::endl; return 0; } output I am a Dog! I'm using MingW on Windows via Code::Blocks.

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  • Friends, templates, overloading <<

    - by Crystal
    I'm trying to use friend functions to overload << and templates to get familiar with templates. I do not know what these compile errors are: Point.cpp:11: error: shadows template parm 'class T' Point.cpp:12: error: declaration of 'const Point<T>& T' for this file #include "Point.h" template <class T> Point<T>::Point() : xCoordinate(0), yCoordinate(0) {} template <class T> Point<T>::Point(T xCoordinate, T yCoordinate) : xCoordinate(xCoordinate), yCoordinate(yCoordinate) {} template <class T> std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Point<T> &T) { std::cout << "(" << T.xCoordinate << ", " << T.yCoordinate << ")"; return out; } My header looks like: #ifndef POINT_H #define POINT_H #include <iostream> template <class T> class Point { public: Point(); Point(T xCoordinate, T yCoordinate); friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Point<T> &T); private: T xCoordinate; T yCoordinate; }; #endif My header also gives the warning: Point.h:12: warning: friend declaration 'std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Point<T>&)' declares a non-template function Which I was also unsure why. Any thoughts? Thanks.

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  • Cannot compute equation, always gives zero

    - by user1738391
    Did i miss something? The variable percentage_ always equals 0. I've checked nTimes and winnings, they give the correct values as what is being input. Even when I test out a simple equation like, percentage_=1+1, percentage_ will give 0. Can someone help? #pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; class GuessMachine { private: int nTimes; int winnings; string nM[6]; public: GuessMachine(); void displayPrizes(); void displayMenu(); int getInput(); void checkNumber(); void checkPrize(); }; void GuessMachine::checkPrize() { MagicNumber mn; int prize_=mn.generateNumber(); float percentage_; percentage_ = float (winnings/nTimes*100); //<--On this line percentage is always 0 no matter what winnings and nTimes are cout<<"Percentage is "<<percentage_<<endl; if(percentage_ >= 50) { cout<<"You have scored "<<percentage_<<"% and won "<<nM[prize_]; } else { cout<<"You have scored "<<percentage_<<"%. You lose!!"; } cin.ignore(); cin.ignore(); }

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  • User Defined Conversions in C++

    - by wash
    Recently, I was browsing through my copy of the C++ Pocket Reference from O'Reilly Media, and I was surprised when I came across a brief section and example regarding user-defined conversion for user-defined types: #include <iostream> class account { private: double balance; public: account (double b) { balance = b; } operator double (void) { return balance; } }; int main (void) { account acc(100.0); double balance = acc; std::cout << balance << std::endl; return 0; } I've been programming in C++ for awhile, and this is the first time I've ever seen this sort of operator overloading. The book's description of this subject is somewhat brief, leaving me with a few unanswered questions about this feature: Is this a particularly obscure feature? As I said, I've been programming in C++ for awhile and this is the first time I've ever come across this. I haven't had much luck finding more in-depth material regarding this. Is this relatively portable? (I'm compiling on GCC 4.1) Can user-defined conversions to user defined types be done? e.g. operator std::string () { /* code */ }

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  • Constructor issue

    - by laura
    This is the code that I worked on and I don't understand what it's happening on constructor Package obj2(); On output are displayed only the values 4 (Package obj1(4)) and 2 (Package obj3(2)) #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Package { private: int value; public: Package() { cout<<"constructor #1"<<endl; value = 7; cout << value << endl; } Package(int v) { cout<<"constructor #2"<<endl; value = v; cout << value << endl; } ~Package() { cout<<"destructor"<<endl; cout << value << endl; } }; int main() { Package obj1(4); Package obj2(); Package obj3(2); }

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  • Segmentation fault on instationation of more than 1 object

    - by ECE
    I have a class called "Vertex.hpp" which is as follows: #include <iostream> #include "Edge.hpp" #include <vector> using namespace std; /** A class, instances of which are nodes in an HCTree. */ class Vertex { public: Vertex(char * str){ *name=*str; } vector<Vertex*> adjecency_list; vector<Edge*> edge_weights; char *name; }; #endif When I instantiate an object of type Vector as follows: Vertex *first_read; Vertex *second_read; in.getline(input,256); str=strtok(input," "); first_read->name=str; str=strtok(NULL, " "); second_read->name=str; A segmentation fault occurs when more than 1 object of type Vector is instantiated. Why would this occur if more than 1 object is instantiated, and how can i allow multiple objects to be instantiated?

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  • How does object of sub-class record information about its super-class the in a Virtual Inheritance

    - by Summer_More_More_Tea
    Hi there: I encounter this problem when tackling with virtual inheritance. I remember that in a non-virtual inheritance hierarchy, object of sub-class hold an object of its direct super-class. What about virtual inheritance? In this situation, does object of sub-class hold an object of its super-class directly or just hold a pointer pointing to an object of its super-class? By the way, why the output of the following code is: sizeof(A): 8 sizeof(B): 20 sizeof(C): 32 Code: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class A{ char k[ 3 ]; public: virtual void a(){}; }; class B : public virtual A{ char j[ 3 ]; public: virtual void b(){}; }; class C : public virtual B{ char i[ 3 ]; public: virtual void c(){}; }; int main( int argc, char *argv[] ){ cout << "sizeof(A): " << sizeof( A ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(B): " << sizeof( B ) << endl; cout << "sizeof(C): " << sizeof( C ) << endl; return 0; } Thanks in advance. Kind regards.

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  • C++ UTF-8 output with ICU

    - by Isaac
    I'm struggling to get started with the C++ ICU library. I have tried to get the simplest example to work, but even that has failed. I would just like to output a UTF-8 string and then go from there. Here is what I have: #include <unicode/unistr.h> #include <unicode/ustream.h> #include <iostream> int main() { UnicodeString s = UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("??????"); std::cout << s << std::endl; return 0; } Here is the output: $ g++ -I/sw/include -licucore -Wall -Werror -o icu_test main.cpp $ ./icu_test пÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÑ My terminal and font support UTF-8 and I regularly use the terminal with UTF-8. My source code is in UTF-8. I think that perhaps I somehow need to set the output stream to UTF-8 because ICU stores strings as UTF-16, but I'm really not sure and I would have thought that the operators provided by ustream.h would do that anyway. Any help would be appreciated, thank you.

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  • returning a pointed to an object within a std::vector

    - by memC
    I have a very basic question on returning a reference to an element of a vector . There is a vector vec that stores instances of class Foo. I want to access an element from this vector . ( don't want to use the vector index) . How should I code the method getFoo here? #include<vector> #include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<math.h> using namespace std; class Foo { public: Foo(){}; ~Foo(){}; }; class B { public: vector<Foo> vec; Foo* getFoo(); B(){}; ~B(){}; }; Foo* B::getFoo(){ int i; vec.push_back(Foo()); i = vec.size() - 1; // how to return a pointer to vec[i] ?? return vec.at(i); }; int main(){ B b; b = B(); int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++){ b.getFoo(); } return 0; }

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  • How to reliably get size of C-style array?

    - by Frank
    How do I reliably get the size of a C-style array? The method often recommended seems to be to use sizeof, but it doesn't work in the foo function, where x is passed in: #include <iostream> void foo(int x[]) { std::cerr << (sizeof(x) / sizeof(int)); // 2 } int main(){ int x[] = {1,2,3,4,5}; std::cerr << (sizeof(x) / sizeof(int)); // 5 foo(x); return 0; } Answers to this question recommend sizeof but they don't say that it (apparently?) doesn't work if you pass the array around. So, do I have to use a sentinel instead? (I don't think the users of my foo function can always be trusted to put a sentinel at the end. Of course, I could use std::vector, but then I don't get the nice shorthand syntax {1,2,3,4,5}.)

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  • Why does this code leak? (simple codesnippet)

    - by Ela782
    Visual Studio shows me several leaks (a few hundred lines), in total more than a few MB. I traced it down to the following "helloWorld example". The leak disappears if I comment out the H5::DataSet.getSpace() line. #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include "cpp/H5Cpp.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { _CrtSetDbgFlag ( _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF ); // dump leaks at return H5::H5File myfile; try { myfile = H5::H5File("C:\\Users\\yyy\\myfile.h5", H5F_ACC_RDONLY); } catch (H5::Exception& e) { std::string msg( std::string( "Could not open HDF5 file.\n" ) + e.getCDetailMsg() ); throw msg; } H5::Group myGroup = myfile.openGroup("/so/me/group"); H5::DataSet myDS = myGroup.openDataSet("./myfloatvec"); hsize_t dims[1]; //myDS.getSpace().getSimpleExtentDims(dims, NULL); // <-- here's the leak H5::DataSpace dsp = myDS.getSpace(); // The H5::DataSpace seems to leak dsp.getSimpleExtentDims(dims, NULL); //dsp.close(); // <-- doesn't help either std::cout << "Dims: " << dims[0] << std::endl; // <-- Works as expected return 0; } Any help would be appreciated. I've been on this for hours, I hate unclean code...

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  • C++ Loop - Need variable to accumulate sum

    - by user1780064
    I'm writing a program to ask the user to enter a value between 5 and 21 (inclusive). If the number entered is not in this range, it prints, "Please try again". If the number is within the range, I need to take that number, and print the sum of all the numbers from 1 to the value entered. So if the user entered "7", the sum would be "28". I successfully wrote the first loop, in the case of the number not being within the range, but cannot figure out how to run the second loop- whether to use a while, do-while, or for loop. Please advise. #include <iostream> int main () { int uservalue; int count; int sum; //Prompt user for input do { cout << "Enter a value from 5 to 21: "; cin >> uservalue; if (uservalue < 5 || uservalue > 21) cout << "Value out of range. Try again..." << endl; } while (uservalue < 5 || uservalue > 21); cout << endl; //Loop to accumulate sum for (count = 1, count < uservalue, count++;) { sum = uservalue + count; if (uservalue <= 5 || uservalue <= 21) cout << the sum is " << sum << endl; } return 0; }

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  • How to decrease size of c++ source code? [closed]

    - by free0u
    For example #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin); freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout); int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << i; } return 0; } Decrease: #include <fstream> int main() { std::ifstream y("input.txt"); std::ofstream z("output.txt"); int n, i = 0; y >> n; while(i < n) z << i++; exit(0); } What's about "fstream"? std::fstream y("input.txt"), z("output.txt") It's amazing but output is not correct.) "output.txt" isn't remaking. Output is writing from begin of file. How to decrease code? Just for fun)

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  • Should this work?

    - by Noah Roberts
    I am trying to specialize a metafunction upon a type that has a function pointer as one of its parameters. The code compiles just fine but it will simply not match the type. #include <iostream> #include <boost/mpl/bool.hpp> #include <boost/mpl/identity.hpp> template < typename CONT, typename NAME, typename TYPE, TYPE (CONT::*getter)() const, void (CONT::*setter)(TYPE const&) > struct metafield_fun {}; struct test_field {}; struct test { int testing() const { return 5; } void testing(int const&) {} }; template < typename T > struct field_writable : boost::mpl::identity<T> {}; template < typename CONT, typename NAME, typename TYPE, TYPE (CONT::*getter)() const > struct field_writable< metafield_fun<CONT,NAME,TYPE,getter,0> > : boost::mpl::false_ {}; typedef metafield_fun<test, test_field, int, &test::testing, 0> unwritable; int main() { std::cout << typeid(field_writable<unwritable>::type).name() << std::endl; std::cin.get(); } Output is always the type passed in, never bool_.

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  • How to write curiously recurring templates with more than 2 layers of inheritance?

    - by Kyle
    All the material I've read on Curiously Recurring Template Pattern seems to one layer of inheritance, ie Base and Derived : Base<Derived>. What if I want to take it one step further? #include <iostream> using std::cout; template<typename LowestDerivedClass> class A { public: LowestDerivedClass& get() { return *static_cast<LowestDerivedClass*>(this); } void print() { cout << "A\n"; } }; template<typename LowestDerivedClass> class B : public A<LowestDerivedClass> { public: void print() { cout << "B\n"; } }; class C : public B<C> { public: void print() { cout << "C\n"; } }; int main() { C c; c.get().print(); // B b; // Intentionally bad syntax, // b.get().print(); // to demonstrate what I'm trying to accomplish return 0; } How can I rewrite this code to compile without errors (and output "C\nB\n")?

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  • Porting Python algorithm to C++ - different solution

    - by cb0
    Hello, I have written a little brute string generation script in python to generate all possible combinations of an alphabet within a given length. It works quite nice, but for the reason I wan't it to be faster I try to port it to C++. The problem is that my C++ Code is creating far too much combination for one word. Heres my example in python: ./test.py gives me aaa aab aac aad aa aba .... while ./test (the c++ programm gives me) aaa aaa aaa aaa aa Here I also get all possible combinations, but I get them twice ore more often. Here is the Code for both programms: #!/usr/bin/env python import sys #Brute String Generator #Start it with ./brutestringer.py 4 6 "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890" "" #will produce all strings with length 4 to 6 and chars from a to z and numbers 0 to 9 def rec(w, p, baseString): for c in "abcd": if (p<w - 1): rec(w, p + 1, baseString + "%c" % c) print baseString for b in range(3,4): rec(b, 0, "") And here the C++ Code #include <iostream> using namespace std; string chars="abcd"; void rec(int w,int b,string p){ unsigned int i; for(i=0;i<chars.size();i++){ if(b < (w-1)){ rec(w, (b+1), p+chars[i]); } cout << p << "\n"; } } int main () { int a=3, b=0; rec (a+1,b, ""); return 0; } Does anybody see my fault ? I don't have much experience with C++. Thanks indeed

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  • Does operator precedence in C++ differ for pointers and iterators?

    - by oraz
    The code below demonstrates this difference: #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { char s[] = "ABCD"; std::string str(s); char *p = s; while(*p) { *p++ = tolower(*p); // <-- incr after assignment } std::cout << s << std::endl; std::string::iterator it = str.begin(), end = str.end(); while(it != end) { *it++ = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? } std::cout << str << std::endl; return 0; } the code above outputs: abcd bcd if we separate assignment operation and increment operator: while(it != end) { *it = tolower(*it); // <-- incr before assignment ? it++; } the output will be as expected. What's wrong with the original code? $ g++ --version g++ (GCC) 3.4.4 (cygming special, gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125) Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

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  • uninitialized local variable

    - by blitzeus
    This code compiles and runs though gives a Microsoft compiler error that I cant fix warning C4700: uninitialized local variable 'ptr4D' used. This is in the last line of the code, I think #include <iostream> using namespace std; const int DIM0 = 2, DIM1 = 3, DIM2 = 4, DIM3 = 5; void TestDeclar(); int main(){ TestDeclar(); cout << "Done!\n"; return 0; } void TestDeclar(){ //24 - array of 5 floats float xa[DIM3], xb[DIM3], xc[DIM3], xd[DIM3], xe[DIM3], xf[DIM3]; float xg[DIM3], xh[DIM3], xi[DIM3], xj[DIM3], xk[DIM3], xl[DIM3]; float xm[DIM3], xn[DIM3], xo[DIM3], xp[DIM3], xq[DIM3], xr[DIM3]; float xs[DIM3], xt[DIM3], xu[DIM3], xv[DIM3], xw[DIM3], xx[DIM3]; //6 - array of 4 pointers to floats float *ya[DIM2] = {xa, xb, xc, xd}, *yb[DIM2] = {xe, xf, xg, xh}; float *yc[DIM2] = {xi, xj, xk, xl}, *yd[DIM2] = {xm, xn, xo, xp}; float *ye[DIM2] = {xq, xr, xs, xt}, *yf[DIM2] = {xu, xv, xw, xx}; //2 - array of 3 pointers to pointers of floats float **za[DIM1] = {ya, yb, yc}; float **zb[DIM1] = {yd, ye, yf}; //array of 2 pointers to pointers to pointers of floats float ***ptr4D[DIM0] = {za, zb}; cout << &***ptr4D[DIM0] << '\n'; }

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  • Calling base class constructor

    - by The Void
    In the program below, is the line Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) correct/allowed? That is, does it follow ANSI rules? #include <iostream> class Base { public: Base(): x_(0) { std::cout << "Base default constructor called" << std::endl; } Base(int x): x_(x) { std::cout << "Base constructor called with x = " << x << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << x_ << std::endl; } protected: int x_; }; class Derived: public Base { public: Derived(): Base(1), y_(1.2) { std::cout << "Derived default constructor called" << std::endl; } Derived(double y): Base(), y_(y) { std::cout << "Derived constructor called with y = " << y << std::endl; } void display() const { std::cout << Base::x_ << ", " << y_ << std::endl; } private: double y_; }; int main() { Base b1; b1.display(); Derived d1; d1.display(); std::cout << std::endl; Base b2(-9); b2.display(); Derived d2(-8.7); d2.display(); return 0; }

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  • c++ creating ambigram from string

    - by mike_hornbeck
    I have a task to implement "void makeAmbigram(char*)" that will print on screen ambigram of latin string or return something like 'ambigram not possible'. Guess it's just about checking if string contains only of SNOXZHI and printing string backwards. Or am I wrong ? I'm a complete noob when dealing with cpp so that's what I've created : #include <iostream> using namespace std; char[]words; char[]reversed; char[] ret_str(char* s) { if(*s != '\0') ret_str(s+1); return s; } void makeAmbigram(char* c) { /* finding chars XIHNOZS and printing ambigram */ } int main() { cin>>words; reversed = ret_str(words); makeAmbigram(reversed); return 0; } I can reverse string but how to check if my reversed string contains only needed chars ? I've found some function but it's hard or even imposible to implement it for greater amount of chars : http://www.java2s.com/Code/C/String/Findcharacterinstringhowtousestrchr.htm

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  • static initialization confusion

    - by Happy Mittal
    I am getting very confused in some concepts in c++. For ex: I have following two files //file1.cpp class test { static int s; public: test(){s++;} }; static test t; int test::s=5; //file2.cpp #include<iostream> using namespace std; class test { static int s; public: test(){s++;} static int get() { return s; } }; static test t; int main() { cout<<test::get()<<endl; } Now My question is : 1. How two files link successfully even if they have different class definitions? 2. Are the static member s of two classes related because I get output as 7. Please explain this concept of statics.

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  • C++ reference variable again!!!

    - by kumar_m_kiran
    Hi All, I think most would be surprised about the topic again, However I am referring to a book "C++ Common Knowledge: Essential Intermediate Programming" written by "Stephen C. Dewhurst". In the book, he quotes a particular sentence (in section under Item 5. References Are Aliases, Not Pointers), which is as below A reference is an alias for an object that already exists prior to the initialization of the reference. Once a reference is initialized to refer to a particular object, it cannot later be made to refer to a different object; a reference is bound to its initializer for its whole lifetime Can anyone please explain the context of "cannot later be made to refer to a different object" Below code works for me, #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i = 100; int& ref = i; cout<<ref<<endl; int k = 2000; ref = k; cout<<ref<<endl; return 0; } Here I am referring the variable ref to both i and j variable. And the code works perfectly fine. Am I missing something? I have used SUSE10 64bit linux for testing my sample program. Thanks for your input in advance.

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