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• Access denied error while mounting a shared folder?

  - by SSH

  I am a linux newbie and I have a very basic question. I have three machines - machineA 10.108.24.132 machineB 10.108.24.133 machineC 10.108.24.134 and all those machines have Ubuntu 12.04 installed in it and I have root access to all those three machines. Now I am supposed to do below things in my above machines - Create mount point /opt/exhibitor/conf Mount the directory in all servers. sudo mount <NFS-SERVER>:/opt/exhibitor/conf /opt/exhibitor/conf/ I have already created /opt/exhibitor/conf directory in all those three machines as mentioned above. Now I am trying to create a Mount Point on all those three machines. So I followed the below process - Install NFS support files and NFS kernel server in all the above three machines $ sudo apt-get install nfs-common nfs-kernel-server Create the shared directory in all the above three machines $ mkdir /opt/exhibitor/conf/ Edited the /etc/exports and added the entry like this in all the above three machines - # /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported # to NFS clients. See exports(5). # # Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3: # /srv/homes hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check) # # Example for NFSv4: # /srv/nfs4 gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check) # /srv/nfs4/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) # /opt/exhibitor/conf/ 10.108.24.*(rw) Run exportfs in all the above three machines root@machineA:/# exportfs -rv exportfs: /etc/exports [1]: Neither 'subtree_check' or 'no_subtree_check' specified for export "10.108.24.*:/opt/exhibitor/conf/". Assuming default behaviour ('no_subtree_check'). NOTE: this default has changed since nfs-utils version 1.0.x exporting 10.108.24.*:/opt/exhibitor/conf Now I did showmount on machineA root@machineA:/# showmount -e 10.108.24.132 Export list for 10.108.24.132: /opt/exhibitor/conf 10.108.24.* And also I have started the NFS server like this in all the above three machines - sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start And now when I did this, I am getting an error - root@machineA:/# sudo mount -t nfs 10.108.24.132:/opt/exhibitor/conf /opt/exhibitor/conf/ mount.nfs: access denied by server while mounting 10.108.24.132:/opt/exhibitor/conf I have also tried doing the same thing from machineB and machineC as well and still I get the same error- root@machineB:/# sudo mount -t nfs 10.108.24.132:/opt/exhibitor/conf /opt/exhibitor/conf/ root@machineC:/# sudo mount -t nfs 10.108.24.132:/opt/exhibitor/conf /opt/exhibitor/conf/ Did my /etc/exports file looks good? As I have the same content in all the three machines. And also are there any logs related to NFS which I can see to find any clues? Any idea what wrong I am doing here? UPDATE:- So my etc/exports files would be like this in all the three machines - # /etc/exports: the access control list for filesystems which may be exported # to NFS clients. See exports(5). # # Example for NFSv2 and NFSv3: # /srv/homes hostname1(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) hostname2(ro,sync,no_subtree_check) # # Example for NFSv4: # /srv/nfs4 gss/krb5i(rw,sync,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check) # /srv/nfs4/homes gss/krb5i(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) # /opt/exhibitor/conf/ 10.108.24.132(rw) /opt/exhibitor/conf/ 10.108.24.133(rw) /opt/exhibitor/conf/ 10.108.24.134(rw) Just a quick check - The IP Address that I am taking for each machine as mentioned above is like this - root@machineB:/# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:ad:5b:a7 inet addr:10.108.24.133 Bcast:10.108.27.255 Mask:255.255.252.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5696812 errors:0 dropped:12462 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5083427 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:7904369145 (7.9 GB) TX bytes:601844910 (601.8 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:187144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:187144 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:24012302 (24.0 MB) TX bytes:24012302 (24.0 MB) Here the IP Address that I am taking for machineB is 10.108.24.133.

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• Invalid character in a Base-64 string when Concatenating and Url encoding a string

  - by Rob

  I’m trying to write some encryption code that is passed through a Url. For the sake of the issue I’ve excluded the actual encryption of the data and just shown the code causing the problem. I take a salt value, convert it to a byte array and then convert that to a base64 string. This string I concatenate to another base64 string (which was previously a byte array). These two base64 strings are then Url encoded. Here’s my code... using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.IO; using System.Web; class RHEncryption { private static readonly Encoding ASCII_ENCODING = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); private static readonly string SECRET_KEY = "akey"; private static string md5(string text) { return BitConverter.ToString(new MD5CryptoServiceProvider().ComputeHash(ASCII_ENCODING.GetBytes(text))).Replace("-", "").ToLower(); } public string UrlEncodedData; public RHEncryption() { // encryption object RijndaelManaged aes192 = new RijndaelManaged(); aes192.KeySize = 192; aes192.BlockSize = 192; aes192.Mode = CipherMode.CBC; aes192.Key = ASCII_ENCODING.GetBytes(md5(SECRET_KEY)); aes192.GenerateIV(); // convert Ivector to base64 for sending string base64IV = Convert.ToBase64String(aes192.IV); // salt value string s = "maryhadalittlelamb"; string salt = s.Substring(0, 8); // convert to byte array // and base64 for sending byte[] saltBytes = ASCII_ENCODING.GetBytes(salt.TrimEnd('\0')); string base64Salt = Convert.ToBase64String(saltBytes); //url encode concatenated base64 strings UrlEncodedData = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(base64Salt + base64IV, ASCII_ENCODING); } public string UrlDecodedData() { // decode the url encode string string s = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(UrlEncodedData, ASCII_ENCODING); // convert back from base64 byte[] base64DecodedBytes = null; try { base64DecodedBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(s); } catch (FormatException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message.ToString()); Console.ReadLine(); } return s; } } If I then call the UrlDecodedData method I get a “Invalid character in a Base-64 string” exception. This is generated because the base64Salt variable contains an invalid character (I’m guessing a line termination) but I can’t seem to strip it off.

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• how can odecrypt password string in php which is crypted?

  - by Srikanth Naidu

  how can i decrypt password string in php which is crypt $salt = substr($_POST['password'], 0, 2); $password = crypt($_POST['password'], $salt); i need to send the password in email "forgetpassword"

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• PHP Mcrypt - Encrypting / Decrypting file

  - by whitman6732

  Trying to write a couple of functions that will encrypt or decrypt a file and am using the class found here to try and accomplish this: http://www.itnewb.com/v/PHP-Encryption-Decryption-Using-the-MCrypt-Library-libmcrypt The encryption function below seems to work, in that it appears to encrypt the file and place it in the intended directory. I'm trying to decrypt the file now, and it just dies with the message "Failed to complete decryption" (which is coded in there...) There's nothing in the php error logs, so I'm not sure why it's failing, but as mcrypt is entirely new to me, I'm more than inclined to believe I'm doing something wrong here... Here are the functions: //ENCRYPT FILE function encryptFile() { global $cryptastic; $pass = PGPPASS; $salt = PGPSALT; $key = $cryptastic->pbkdf2($pass, $salt, 1000, 32) or die("Failed to generate secret key."); if ($handle = opendir(PATH.'/ftpd')) { while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { if ($file != "." && $file != "..") { $newfile = PATH.'/encrypted/'.$file.'.txt'; $msg = file_get_contents(PATH.'/ftpd/'.$file); $encrypted = $cryptastic->encrypt($msg, $key) or die("Failed to complete encryption."); $nfile = fopen($newfile, 'w'); fwrite($nfile, $encrypted); fclose($nfile); unlink(PATH.'/ftpd/'.$file); } } closedir($handle); } //DECRYPT FILE function inFTP() { global $cryptastic; $pass = PGPPASS; $salt = PGPSALT; $key = $cryptastic->pbkdf2($pass, $salt, 1000, 32) or die("Failed to generate secret key."); if ($handle = opendir(PATH.'/encrypted')) { while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) { if ($file != "." && $file != "..") { $newfile = PATH.'/decrypted/'.$file; $msg = PATH.'/encrypted/'.$file; $decrypted = $cryptastic->decrypt($msg, $key) or die("Failed to complete decryption."); $nfile = fopen($newfile, 'w'); fwrite($nfile, $decrypted); fclose($nfile); //unlink(PATH.'/encrypted/'.$file); } } closedir($handle); } //$crypt->decrypt($file); }

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• Does the openssl command line do key strengthening?

  - by chotchki

  If I run the openssl command line in hmac mode (as below), is the key used for the hmac used directly or is it hashed before using it as the key? echo "foo" | openssl dgst -sha256 -binary -hmac "test" | openssl base64 Similarly, when encrypting a file with openssl (as below)is the pass phrase hashed with the salt? (If so how is it done? A pointer to the right source file would be even better.) openssl enc -salt

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• Convert this PHP code to C#

  - by Rob

  I've got this php code and I'd like to get the exact equivalent C# $ivSize = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_192, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC); $iv = mcrypt_create_iv($ivSize, MCRYPT_RAND); $encryptedData = mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_192, $key, $salt . $message . $nonce, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $iv); $base64Data = base64_encode($salt . $iv . $encryptedData); $urlEncodedData = rawurlencode($base64Data); all contributions gratefully received

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• Password hashing in Django

  - by Philip Mais

  I'm trying to integrate vBulliten and Django's user databases. I know vB uses a md5 algorithm to hash it's passwords, with a salt. I have the salt data and the password for each vB user, and would like to know how to import those accounts onto Django. I've tried the obvious, changing the Django user's password to; md5$vb's_salt$vb's_password This just throws back Django's log-in form, with a message saying "username and password does not match" Any ideas?

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• Cannot ping Localhost so I can't shutdown Tomcat

  - by gav

  Hi, I installed Tomcat 6 using the tar-ball via wget. Startup of the server is fine but on shutdown I get a timeout exception. root@88:/usr/local/tomcat/logs# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar 30-Mar-2010 17:33:41 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina stopServer SEVERE: Catalina.stop: java.net.ConnectException: Connection timed out at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.doConnect(PlainSocketImpl.java:333) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(PlainSocketImpl.java:195) at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:182) at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:366) ... I read that this might be because I have a firewall blocking incoming connections on the shutdown port (8005). I have a default Ubuntu 9.04 installation running on a VPS with no rules in my iptables. How can I tell if that port is blocked? How can I check that the server is listening for connections on 8005? Bizarrely pinging localhost or the IP of my server fails from the server itself, whereas pinging the IP of my server from another machine succeeds. -------- EDIT -------- (In reply to Davey) Thanks for all the tips and suggestions! netstat -nlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9611/java tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 28505/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9611/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN ... So we can see that tomcat is listening, I just don't seem to be able to reach it. root@88:/usr/local/tomcat# telnet localhost 8005 Trying 127.0.0.1... Trying to telnet to the port Hangs indefinitely. I have no rules in my iptables so I don't think it's a firewall thing. root@88:/usr/local/tomcat# iptables --list Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination This is the contents of /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost # Auto-generated hostname. Please do not remove this comment. 88.198.31.14 88.198.31.14 88 88 But I still can't ping localhost... do I need to check a loopback device is enabled properly or something? (I'm unsure how to do that if you do say yes :)). root@88:/usr/local/tomcat# ping localhost PING localhost (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- localhost ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 5999ms Trying to find out what the loop back is configured as; root@88:~# ifconfig lo lo Link encap:Local Loopback LOOPBACK MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) SOLUTION THANKS TO DAVEY I needed to bring up the interface (Not sure why it wasn't running). ifconfig lo up did the trick. root@88:~# ifconfig lo up root@88:~# ifconfig lo lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) root@88:~# ping localhost PING localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.025 ms Thanks again, Gav

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• Ubuntu 12 crashed and took down network

  - by Leopd

  We recently set up a new Ubuntu 12.04LTS server on our network. It's not fully configured so it's not doing much beyond sshd and a default apache2 install. But this evening it appears to have crashed. It wasn't responding to the network or the keyboard. But the worst part is, it took down the entire network. My knowledge of the network stack below OSI layer 3 is very limited, so the rest confuses me. When this machine was physically connected to the network, no other machine could connect to the outside internet. When things were broken, running arp showed that our gateway's IP address (10.0.1.1) was listed as "invalid." Unplugging the server from the network fixed the problem, and plugging it back in broke it again. So the crashed server was advertising itself as owning the gateway's IP address? There's nothing at all in syslog during the time when it was causing problems. Any ideas about how to figure out what went wrong or what we can do to prevent it from happening again? I'm hesitant to even put the machine back on the network right now. Update ** It crashed again, and I ran tcpdump -penn arp (thanks bahamat!) for several minutes and got this... (timestamps and duplicate lines removed) 00:1e:65:f8:dc:24 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.2.191, length 46 00:1e:65:f8:dc:24 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.44 tell 10.0.2.191, length 46 60:d8:19:d4:71:d6 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.2.125, length 46 d4:9a:20:04:e9:78 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.1.1 tell 192.168.1.100, length 28 Update 2 ** When the network is functioning properly, arping -c4 10.0.1.1 returns this: ARPING 10.0.1.1 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=0 time=267.982 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=1 time=422.955 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=2 time=299.215 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=3 time=366.926 usec --- 10.0.1.1 statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% unanswered (0 extra) When the bad server is plugged in, arping -c4 10.0.1.1 returns: ARPING 10.0.1.1 --- 10.0.1.1 statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% unanswered (0 extra) Context ** 10.0.x.x is the main subnet. 10.0.1.1 is the main internet gateway 10.0.1.44 is a printer 10.0.2.* devices are all laptops / workstations I have no idea what's using the 192.168.x.x subnet -- your guesses are at least as good as mine. A VM on a workstation? A misconfigured WAP? Somebody re-sharing wifi? A machine that failed to DHCP? The offending ubuntu server's MAC address ends in cd:80 so isn't listed in the dump. It should DHCP to 10.0.3.3 Thanks for any help. This ARP stuff is all voodoo to me. Packets just go to IP addresses, right? ;)

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• Neighbour table overflow on Linux hosts related to bridging and ipv6

  - by tim

  Note: I already have a workaround for this problem (as described below) so this is only a "want-to-know" question. I have a productive setup with around 50 hosts including blades running xen 4 and equallogics providing iscsi. All xen dom0s are almost plain Debian 5. The setup includes several bridges on every dom0 to support xen bridged networking. In total there are between 5 and 12 bridges on each dom0 servicing one vlan each. None of the hosts has routing enabled. At one point in time we moved one of the machines to a new hardware including a raid controller and so we installed an upstream 3.0.22/x86_64 kernel with xen patches. All other machines run debian xen-dom0-kernel. Since then we noticed on all hosts in the setup the following errors every ~2 minutes: [55888.881994] __ratelimit: 908 callbacks suppressed [55888.882221] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.882476] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.882732] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883050] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883307] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883562] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.883859] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.884118] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.884373] Neighbour table overflow. [55888.884666] Neighbour table overflow. The arp table (arp -n) never showed more than around 20 entries on every machine. We tried the obvious tweaks and raised the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/neigh/default/gc_thresh* values. FInally to 16384 entries but no effect. Not even the interval of ~2 minutes changed which lead me to the conclusion that this is totally unrelated. tcpdump showed no uncommon ipv4 traffic on any interface. The only interesting finding from tcpdump were ipv6 packets bursting in like: 14:33:13.137668 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:9d01 > ff02::1:ff1d:9d01: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:9d01, length 24 14:33:13.138061 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:a8c1 > ff02::1:ff1d:a8c1: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:a8c1, length 24 14:33:13.138619 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:bf81 > ff02::1:ff1d:bf81: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:bf81, length 24 14:33:13.138974 IP6 fe80::216:3eff:fe1d:eb41 > ff02::1:ff1d:eb41: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener reportmax resp delay: 0 addr: ff02::1:ff1d:eb41, length 24 which placed the idea in my mind that the problem maybe related to ipv6, since we have no ipv6 services in this setup. The only other hint was the coincidence of the host upgrade with the beginning of the problems. I powered down the host in question and the errors were gone. Then I subsequently took down the bridges on the host and when i took down (ifconfig down) one particularly bridge: br-vlan2159 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:fb:16:2c inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fefb:162c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:120 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:5286 (5.1 KiB) TX bytes:726 (726.0 B) eth0.2159 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:fb:16:2c inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fefb:162c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1801 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:126228 (123.2 KiB) TX bytes:1464 (1.4 KiB) bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces ... br-vlan2158 8000.0026b9fb162c no eth0.2158 br-vlan2159 8000.0026b9fb162c no eth0.2159 The errors went away again. As you can see the bridge holds no ipv4 address and it's only member is eth0.2159 so no traffic should cross it. Bridge and interface .2159 / .2157 / .2158 which are in all aspects identical apart from the vlan they are connected to had no effect when taken down. Now I disabled ipv6 on the entire host via sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 and rebooted. After this even with bridge br-vlan2159 enabled no errors occur. Any ideas are welcome.

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• How broken is routing strategy that causes a martian packet (so far only) during tracepath?

  - by lkraav

  I believe I've achieved a table that routes packets from and to eth1/192.168.3.x through 192.168.3.1, and packets from and to eth0/192.168.1.x through 192.168.1.1 (helpful source). Question: when doing tracepath from 192.168.3.20 (from within vserver), I'm getting kernel: [318535.927489] martian source 192.168.3.20 from 212.47.223.33, on dev eth0 at or near the target IP, while intermediary hops go without (log below). I don't understand why this packet is arriving on eth0, instead of eth1, even after reading this: Note that you may see packets from non-routable IP addresses when running the traceroute or tracepath commands. While packets cannot be routed to these routers, packets sent between 2 routers only need to know the address of the next hop within the local networks, which could be a non-routable address. Can someone explain that paragraph in human language? Based on short initial trials so far, everything else seems to work without causing martians. Is this contained to the nature of tracepath operation or do I have some other bigger routing problem that will cause work traffic breakage? Side note: is it possible to inspect martian packet with tcpdump or wireshark or anything of the sort? I'm have not been able to get it to show up on my own. vserver-20 / # tracepath -n 212.47.223.33 1: 192.168.3.2 0.064ms pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.3.1 1.076ms 1: 192.168.3.1 1.259ms 2: 90.191.8.2 1.908ms 3: 90.190.134.194 2.595ms 4: 194.126.123.94 2.136ms asymm 5 5: 195.250.170.22 2.266ms asymm 6 6: 212.47.201.86 2.390ms asymm 7 7: no reply 8: no reply 9: no reply ^C Host routing: $ sudo ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo 2: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop state DOWN link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:24:1d:de:b3:5d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.2/24 scope global eth0 4: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,PROMISC,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:46:46:a3:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.2/27 scope global eth1 inet 192.168.3.20/27 brd 192.168.3.31 scope global secondary eth1 # linux-vserver instance $ sudo ip route default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 metric 3 unreachable 127.0.0.0/8 scope host 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.2 192.168.3.0/27 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.3.2 $ sudo ip rule 0: from all lookup local 32764: from all to 192.168.3.0/27 lookup dmz 32765: from 192.168.3.0/27 lookup dmz 32766: from all lookup main 32767: from all lookup default $ sudo ip route show table dmz default via 192.168.3.1 dev eth1 metric 4 192.168.3.0/27 dev eth1 scope link metric 4 Gateway routing # ip route 10.24.0.2 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 10.24.0.1 10.24.0.0/24 via 10.24.0.2 dev tun0 192.168.3.0/24 dev br-dmz proto kernel scope link src 192.168.3.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev br-lan proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.1 $ISP_NET/23 dev eth0.1 proto kernel scope link src $WAN_IP default via $ISP_GW dev eth0.1 Additional background Options for non-virtualized network interface isolation?

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• Any suggestions for good automated web load testing tool?

  - by fmunkert

  What are some good automated tools for load testing (stress testing) web applications, that do not use record and replay of HTTP network packets? I am aware that there are numerous load testing tools on the market that record and replay HTTP network packets. But these are unsuitable for my purpose, because of this: The HTTP packet format changes very often in our application (e.g. when we optimize an AJAX call). We do not want to adapt all test scripts just because there is a slight change in HTTP packet format. Our test team shall not need to know any internals about our application to write their test scripts. A tool that replays HTTP packets, however, requires the team to know the format of HTTP requests and responses, such that they can adapt details of the replayed HTTP packets (e.g. user name). The automated load testing tool I am looking for should be able to let the test team write "black box" test scripts such as: Invoke web page at URL http://... . First, enter XXX into text field XXX. Then, press button XXX. Wait until response has been received from web server. Verify that text field XXX now contains the text XXX. The tool should be able to simulate up to several 1000 users, and it should be compatible with web applications using ASP.NET and AJAX.

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• LIBPCAP and WIRESHARK Capture on PPP

  - by user655629

  Hi, I have written a small bridge program using LIBPCAP API. I have installed Winpcap 3.1 Beta for support in order to capture from a PPP interface. What i do is, I capture from the PPP interface through my LIBPCAP program and send the traffic to another Ethernet interface in my computer. Then i connect this Ethernet Interface to another Ethernet Interface at another computer where i monitor it through Wireshark. So in short my PPP-Ethernet Bridge is on computer 1. And Another computer2 directly connected to computer1 on Ethernet monitors the incoming traffic from the bridge through wireshark. The problem i face is that when i capture PPP traffic through wireshark in computer1, i see reasonable delay between the packets. But when i use my LIBPCAP program to capture and relay traffic and check the traffic on computer 2 using Wireshark it gives jumps of 0.5seconds delay after some packets. This is quite unexplainable to me. I dont understand how wireshark PPP direct capture on computer 1 does not give delay and LIBPCAP program is giving delay. I have checked my bridge for Ethernet to Ethernet relaying and there is no delay like the one i am experiencing in case of PPP-Ethernet. a higher delay between packets is acceptable but such a BIG delay after a couple of packets is unacceptable. Please help if you can. Best Regards FIKA

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• Boost Asio UDP retrieve last packet in socket buffer

  - by Alberto Toglia

  I have been messing around Boost Asio for some days now but I got stuck with this weird behavior. Please let me explain. Computer A is sending continuos udp packets every 500 ms to computer B, computer B desires to read A's packets with it own velocity but only wants A's last packet, obviously the most updated one. It has come to my attention that when I do a: mSocket.receive_from(boost::asio::buffer(mBuffer), mEndPoint); I can get OLD packets that were not processed (almost everytime). Does this make any sense? A friend of mine told me that sockets maintain a buffer of packets and therefore If I read with a lower frequency than the sender this could happen. ¡? So, the first question is how is it possible to receive the last packet and discard the ones I missed? Later I tried using the async example of the Boost documentation but found it did not do what I wanted. http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_36_0/doc/html/boost_asio/tutorial/tutdaytime6.html From what I could tell the async_receive_from should call the method "handle_receive" when a packet arrives, and that works for the first packet after the service was "run". If I wanted to keep listening the port I should call the async_receive_from again in the handle code. right? BUT what I found is that I start an infinite loop, it doesn't wait till the next packet, it just enters "handle_receive" again and again. I'm not doing a server application, a lot of things are going on (its a game), so my second question is, do I have to use threads to use the async receive method properly, is there some example with threads and async receive? Thanks for you attention.

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• TCP/IP Implementation General Questions

  - by user2971023

  I've implemented the concepts shown here; http://wiki.unity3d.com/index.php/Simple_TCP/IP_Client_-_Server outside of unity and it works. (though i had to create the TCPIPServerApp from scratch as i could not find the base project anywhere). I have some general questions on how to use tcp/ip properly however. I've done some research on tcp/ip itself but I'm still a little confused. It seems like using the method above doesn't guarantee that I'll see the message (res). It just checks on every update to see if there is a different message in res. What if multiple messages are sent and the program lags or something, will i miss the earlier packet(s)? Should i instead do an array so it stores the last X messages? How do i know the data was received? Do I need to add a message id and build in my own ack into the data? Should i check to see if the port is in use before setting up a connection? Sorry for all the questions. This is all new to me but I enjoy this very much! ... Below already answered By Anton, Thanks It sounds like tcp uses its own packet numbering to ensure the packets end up in the right order on the other side. What if a packet is missed, are the subsequent packets thrown away? Or is this numbering and packet ordering, only for handling data that is broken out into multiple packets? TCP will automatically break the data into multiple packets if necessary right?

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• Wireless Connected But No Internet Connection (Ubuntu 12.04)

  - by Zxy

  I am using same network for 2 days and everything was normal. However, today even though it shows me as connected to the network, I do not have internet connection. If I use ethernet cable instead of wireless, I am still able to connect to the internet. Also my friends are able to connect to the wireless network and they can get internet connection. I did not update or install anything since yesterday. Therefore I do not have any idea why it is happening. Here is some information about my connection: I will be appreciate to any kind of help. root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 127.0.0.1 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms ^C --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.023/0.035/0.042/0.008 ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18143ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 11 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 10079ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# cat /etc/lsb-release; uname -a DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" Linux ghostrider 3.2.0-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 18:54:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1063] (rev c0) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:3956] Kernel driver in use: atl1c -- 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4727] (rev 01) Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:0510] Kernel driver in use: wl root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0489:e00d Foxconn / Hon Hai Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1c7a:0801 LighTuning Technology Inc. Fingerprint Reader Bus 001 Device 005: ID 064e:f219 Suyin Corp. Bus 002 Device 010: ID 0424:2412 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 002 Device 011: ID 0403:6010 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT2232C Dual USB-UART/FIFO IC root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"PoliTekno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=5/5 Signal level=-52 dBm Noise level=-97 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# rfkill list all 0: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 5: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsmod Module Size Used by nls_iso8859_1 12617 0 nls_cp437 12751 0 vfat 17308 0 fat 55605 1 vfat usb_storage 39646 0 uas 17828 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 174055 1 rfcomm 38139 12 parport_pc 32114 0 ppdev 12849 0 bnep 17830 2 joydev 17393 0 ftdi_sio 35859 1 usbserial 37173 3 ftdi_sio snd_hda_intel 32765 3 snd_hda_codec 109562 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec acer_wmi 23612 0 hid_logitech_dj 18177 0 snd_pcm 80845 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec uvcvideo 67203 0 btusb 17912 2 snd_seq_midi 13132 0 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo bluetooth 158438 23 rfcomm,bnep,btusb psmouse 72919 0 usbhid 41906 1 hid_logitech_dj snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi intel_ips 17753 0 serio_raw 13027 0 root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 127.0.0.1 PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.036 ms 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms ^C --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2998ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.023/0.035/0.042/0.008 ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 192.168.1.3 PING 192.168.1.3 (192.168.1.3) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 192.168.1.3 ping statistics --- 19 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 18143ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# ping 8.8.8.8 PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data. ^C --- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics --- 11 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 10079ms root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# cat /etc/lsb-release; uname -a DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04 DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS" Linux ghostrider 3.2.0-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon May 21 18:54:21 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lspci -nnk | grep -iA2 net 03:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1063] (rev c0) Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:3956] Kernel driver in use: atl1c -- 04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller [14e4:4727] (rev 01) Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:0510] Kernel driver in use: wl root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 007: ID 0489:e00d Foxconn / Hon Hai Bus 001 Device 004: ID 1c7a:0801 LighTuning Technology Inc. Fingerprint Reader Bus 001 Device 005: ID 064e:f219 Suyin Corp. Bus 002 Device 010: ID 0424:2412 Standard Microsystems Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 002 Device 011: ID 0403:6010 Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT2232C Dual USB-UART/FIFO IC root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# iwconfig lo no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11 ESSID:"PoliTekno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4 Bit Rate=54 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality=5/5 Signal level=-52 dBm Noise level=-97 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 eth0 no wireless extensions. root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# rfkill list all 0: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 2: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 5: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# lsmod Module Size Used by nls_iso8859_1 12617 0 nls_cp437 12751 0 vfat 17308 0 fat 55605 1 vfat usb_storage 39646 0 uas 17828 0 snd_hda_codec_realtek 174055 1 rfcomm 38139 12 parport_pc 32114 0 ppdev 12849 0 bnep 17830 2 joydev 17393 0 ftdi_sio 35859 1 usbserial 37173 3 ftdi_sio snd_hda_intel 32765 3 snd_hda_codec 109562 2 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13276 1 snd_hda_codec acer_wmi 23612 0 hid_logitech_dj 18177 0 snd_pcm 80845 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec uvcvideo 67203 0 btusb 17912 2 snd_seq_midi 13132 0 videodev 86588 1 uvcvideo bluetooth 158438 23 rfcomm,bnep,btusb psmouse 72919 0 usbhid 41906 1 hid_logitech_dj snd_rawmidi 25424 1 snd_seq_midi intel_ips 17753 0 serio_raw 13027 0 hid 77367 2 hid_logitech_dj,usbhid ideapad_laptop 17890 0 sparse_keymap 13658 2 acer_wmi,ideapad_laptop lib80211_crypt_tkip 17275 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14475 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 51567 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event wl 2646601 0 wmi 18744 1 acer_wmi i915 414672 3 drm_kms_helper 45466 1 i915 snd_timer 28931 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq mac_hid 13077 0 snd_seq_device 14172 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq lib80211 14040 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl drm 197692 4 i915,drm_kms_helper i2c_algo_bit 13199 1 i915 snd 62064 15 snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_se q,snd_timer,snd_seq_device video 19068 1 i915 mei 36570 0 soundcore 14635 1 snd snd_page_alloc 14108 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm lp 17455 0 parport 40930 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp atl1c 36718 0 root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# nm-tool NetworkManager Tool State: connected (global) - Device: eth1 [PoliTekno] ---------------------------------------------------- Type: 802.11 WiFi Driver: wl State: connected Default: yes HW Address: AC:81:12:7F:6B:B2 Capabilities: Speed: 54 Mb/s Wireless Properties WEP Encryption: yes WPA Encryption: yes WPA2 Encryption: yes Wireless Access Points (* = current AP) CnDStudios: Infra, 00:12:BF:3F:0A:8A, Freq 2412 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 85 WPA AIR_TIES: Infra, 00:1C:A8:6E:84:32, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 72 WPA2 VKSS: Infra, 00:E0:4D:01:0D:47, Freq 2452 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 62 WPA2 PROGEDA: Infra, 00:1A:2A:60:BF:61, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 47 WPA MobilAtolye: Infra, 72:2B:C1:65:75:3C, Freq 2422 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 35 WPA WPA2 AIRTIES_WAR-141: Infra, 00:1C:A8:AB:AA:48, Freq 2422 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 35 WPA WPA2 tilda_biri_yeni: Infra, 54:E6:FC:B0:3C:E9, Freq 2437 MHz, Rate 0 Mb/s, Strength 34 WEP *PoliTekno: Infra, 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 100 WPA2 AIRTIES_RJY: Infra, 00:1A:2A:BD:85:16, Freq 2462 MHz, Rate 54 Mb/s, Strength 55 WEP IPv4 Settings: Address: 0.0.0.0 Prefix: 24 (255.255.255.0) Gateway: 192.168.1.1 DNS: 192.168.1.1 - Device: eth0 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Type: Wired Driver: atl1c State: unavailable Default: no HW Address: F0:DE:F1:6C:90:65 Capabilities: Carrier Detect: yes Speed: 100 Mb/s Wired Properties Carrier: off root@ghostrider:/etc/resolvconf# sudo iwlist scan lo Interface doesn't support scanning. eth1 Scan completed : Cell 01 - Address: 00:16:E3:40:C3:E4 ESSID:"PoliTekno" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:5/5 Signal level:-48 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 02 - Address: 00:E0:4D:01:0D:47 ESSID:"VKSS" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.452 GHz (Channel 9) Quality:4/5 Signal level:-64 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 03 - Address: 00:1C:A8:AB:AA:48 ESSID:"AIRTIES_WAR-141" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-77 dBm Noise level:-95 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DDB20050F204104A0001101049001E007FC5100018DE7CF0D8B70223A62711C18926AC290E30303030303139631044000102103B0001031047001076B31BC241E953CB99C3872554425A28102100194169725469657320576972656C657373204E6574776F726B73102300074169723534343010240008312E322E302E31321042000F4154303939313131383030323832351054000800060050F20400011011000741697235343430100800020084103C000103 IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 04 - Address: 72:2B:C1:65:75:3C ESSID:"MobilAtolye" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz (Channel 3) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-78 dBm Noise level:-92 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: Unknown: DDA20050F204104A0001101044000102103B00010310470010BC329E001DD811B28601722BC165753C1021001D48756177656920546563686E6F6C6F6769657320436F2E2C204C74642E1023001C48756177656920576972656C6573732041636365737320506F696E74102400065254323836301042000831323334353637381054000800060050F204000110110009487561776569415053100800020084103C000100 IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : TKIP CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 18 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 05 - Address: 00:12:BF:3F:0A:8A ESSID:"CnDStudios" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1) Quality:5/5 Signal level:-47 dBm Noise level:-95 dBm IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 06 - Address: 00:1C:A8:6E:84:32 ESSID:"AIR_TIES" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:5/5 Signal level:-56 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : CCMP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : CCMP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 07 - Address: 54:E6:FC:B0:3C:E9 ESSID:"tilda_biri_yeni" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6) Quality:1/5 Signal level:-85 dBm Noise level:-99 dBm Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s Cell 08 - Address: 18:28:61:16:57:C3 ESSID:"obilet" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.437 GHz (Channel 6) Quality:1/5 Signal level:-88 dBm Noise level:-99 dBm IE: IEEE 802.11i/WPA2 Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (2) : CCMP TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s 24 Mb/s; 36 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s; 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s 12 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s Cell 09 - Address: 00:1A:2A:60:BF:61 ESSID:"PROGEDA" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz (Channel 11) Quality:2/5 Signal level:-75 dBm Noise level:-98 dBm IE: WPA Version 1 Group Cipher : TKIP Pairwise Ciphers (1) : TKIP Authentication Suites (1) : PSK Encryption key:on Bit Rates:1 Mb/s; 2 Mb/s; 5.5 Mb/s; 11 Mb/s; 22 Mb/s 6 Mb/s; 9 Mb/s; 12 Mb/s; 18 Mb/s; 24 Mb/s 36 Mb/s; 48 Mb/s; 54 Mb/s eth0 Interface doesn't support scanning.

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• WP: AesManaged encryption vs. mcrypt_encrypt

  - by invalidusername

  I'm trying to synchronize my encryption and decryption methods between C# and PHP but something seems to be going wrong. In the Windows Phone 7 SDK you can use AESManaged to encrypt your data I use the following method: public static string EncryptA(string dataToEncrypt, string password, string salt) { AesManaged aes = null; MemoryStream memoryStream = null; CryptoStream cryptoStream = null; try { //Generate a Key based on a Password, Salt and HMACSHA1 pseudo-random number generator Rfc2898DeriveBytes rfc2898 = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(password, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(salt)); //Create AES algorithm with 256 bit key and 128-bit block size aes = new AesManaged(); aes.Key = rfc2898.GetBytes(aes.KeySize / 8); aes.IV = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; // rfc2898.GetBytes(aes.BlockSize / 8); // to check my results against those of PHP var blaat1 = Convert.ToBase64String(aes.Key); var blaat2 = Convert.ToBase64String(aes.IV); //Create Memory and Crypto Streams memoryStream = new MemoryStream(); cryptoStream = new CryptoStream(memoryStream, aes.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Write); //Encrypt Data byte[] data = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(dataToEncrypt); cryptoStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length); cryptoStream.FlushFinalBlock(); //Return Base 64 String string result = Convert.ToBase64String(memoryStream.ToArray()); return result; } finally { if (cryptoStream != null) cryptoStream.Close(); if (memoryStream != null) memoryStream.Close(); if (aes != null) aes.Clear(); } } I solved the problem of generating the Key. The Key and IV are similar as those on the PHP end. But then the final step in the encryption is going wrong. here is my PHP code <?php function pbkdf2($p, $s, $c, $dk_len, $algo = 'sha1') { // experimentally determine h_len for the algorithm in question static $lengths; if (!isset($lengths[$algo])) { $lengths[$algo] = strlen(hash($algo, null, true)); } $h_len = $lengths[$algo]; if ($dk_len > (pow(2, 32) - 1) * $h_len) { return false; // derived key is too long } else { $l = ceil($dk_len / $h_len); // number of derived key blocks to compute $t = null; for ($i = 1; $i <= $l; $i++) { $f = $u = hash_hmac($algo, $s . pack('N', $i), $p, true); // first iterate for ($j = 1; $j < $c; $j++) { $f ^= ($u = hash_hmac($algo, $u, $p, true)); // xor each iterate } $t .= $f; // concatenate blocks of the derived key } return substr($t, 0, $dk_len); // return the derived key of correct length } } $password = 'test'; $salt = 'saltsalt'; $text = "texttoencrypt"; #$iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC); #echo $iv_size . '<br/>'; #$iv = mcrypt_create_iv($iv_size, MCRYPT_RAND); #print_r (mcrypt_list_algorithms()); $iv = "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"; $key = pbkdf2($password, $salt, 1000, 32); echo 'key: ' . base64_encode($key) . '<br/>'; echo 'iv: ' . base64_encode($iv) . '<br/>'; echo '<br/><br/>'; function addpadding($string, $blocksize = 32){ $len = strlen($string); $pad = $blocksize - ($len % $blocksize); $string .= str_repeat(chr($pad), $pad); return $string; } echo 'text: ' . $text . '<br/>'; echo 'text: ' . addpadding($text) . '<br/>'; // -- works till here $crypttext = mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $key, $text, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $iv); echo '1.' . $crypttext . '<br/>'; $crypttext = base64_encode($crypttext); echo '2.' . $crypttext . '<br/>'; $crypttext = mcrypt_encrypt(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256, $key, addpadding($text), MCRYPT_MODE_CBC, $iv); echo '1.' . $crypttext . '<br/>'; $crypttext = base64_encode($crypttext); echo '2.' . $crypttext . '<br/>'; ?> So to point out, the Key and IV look similar on both .NET and PHP, but something seems to be going wrong in the final call when executing mcrypt_encrypt(). The end result, the encrypted string, differs from .NET. Can anybody tell me what i'm doing wrong. As far as i can see everything should be correct. Thank you! EDIT: Additional information on the AESManaged object in .NET Keysize = 256 Mode = CBC Padding = PKCS7

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• Exception - Illegal Block size during decryption(Android)

  - by Vamsi

  I am writing an application which encrypts and decrypts the user notes based on the user set password. i used the following algorithms for encryption/decryption 1. PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES-CBC-BC 2. PBEWithMD5And128BitAES-CBC-OpenSSL e_Cipher = Cipher.getInstance(PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES-CBC-BC); d_Cipher = Cipher.getInstance(PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES-CBC-BC); e_Cipher.init() d_Cipher.init() encryption is working well, but when trying to decrypt it gives Exception - Illegal Block size after encryption i am converting the cipherText to HEX and storing it in a sqlite database. i am retrieving correct values from the sqlite database during decyption but when calling d_Cipher.dofinal() it throws the Exception. I thought i missed to specify the padding and tried to check what are the other available cipher algorithms but i was unable to found. so request you to please give the some knowledge on what are the cipher algorithms and padding that are supported by Android? if the algorithm which i used can be used for padding, how should i specify the padding mechanism? I am pretty new to Encryption so tried a couple of algorithms which are available in BouncyCastle.java but unsuccessful. As requested here is the code public class CryptoHelper { private static final String TAG = "CryptoHelper"; //private static final String PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES = "PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES-CBC-BC"; //private static final String PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES = "PBEWithMD5And128BitAES-CBC-OpenSSL"; private static final String PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES = "PBEWithMD5And128BitAES-CBC-OpenSSLPBEWITHSHA1AND3-KEYTRIPLEDES-CB"; private static final String randomAlgorithm = "SHA1PRNG"; public static final int SALT_LENGTH = 8; public static final int SALT_GEN_ITER_COUNT = 20; private final static String HEX = "0123456789ABCDEF"; private Cipher e_Cipher; private Cipher d_Cipher; private SecretKey secretKey; private byte salt[]; public CryptoHelper(String password) throws InvalidKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, InvalidKeySpecException { char[] cPassword = password.toCharArray(); PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(cPassword); PBEParameterSpec pbeParamSpec = new PBEParameterSpec(salt, SALT_GEN_ITER_COUNT); SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES); secretKey = keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec); SecureRandom saltGen = SecureRandom.getInstance(randomAlgorithm); this.salt = new byte[SALT_LENGTH]; saltGen.nextBytes(this.salt); e_Cipher = Cipher.getInstance(PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES); d_Cipher = Cipher.getInstance(PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES); e_Cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, pbeParamSpec); d_Cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, pbeParamSpec); } public String encrypt(String cleartext) throws IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException { byte[] encrypted = e_Cipher.doFinal(cleartext.getBytes()); return convertByteArrayToHex(encrypted); } public String decrypt(String cipherString) throws IllegalBlockSizeException { byte[] plainText = decrypt(convertStringtobyte(cipherString)); return(new String(plainText)); } public byte[] decrypt(byte[] ciphertext) throws IllegalBlockSizeException { byte[] retVal = {(byte)0x00}; try { retVal = d_Cipher.doFinal(ciphertext); } catch (BadPaddingException e) { Log.e(TAG, e.toString()); } return retVal; } public String convertByteArrayToHex(byte[] buf) { if (buf == null) return ""; StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(2*buf.length); for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) { appendHex(result, buf[i]); } return result.toString(); } private static void appendHex(StringBuffer sb, byte b) { sb.append(HEX.charAt((b>>4)&0x0f)).append(HEX.charAt(b&0x0f)); } private static byte[] convertStringtobyte(String hexString) { int len = hexString.length()/2; byte[] result = new byte[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { result[i] = Integer.valueOf(hexString.substring(2*i, 2*i+2), 16).byteValue(); } return result; } public byte[] getSalt() { return salt; } public SecretKey getSecretKey() { return secretKey; } public static SecretKey createSecretKey(char[] password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException { PBEKeySpec pbeKeySpec = new PBEKeySpec(password); SecretKeyFactory keyFac = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(PBEWithSHA256And256BitAES); return keyFac.generateSecret(pbeKeySpec); } } I will call mCryptoHelper.decrypt(String str) then this results in Illegal block size exception My Env: Android 1.6 on Eclipse

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• Errors when switching to specific static IP

  - by michaelc

  I had a Fedora box running using my static IP 69.169.136.6, etc, all configured according to what the ISP required. Just recently the hard drive failed (and I should have been keeping better backups) - while it is being recovered I would like to put up a webpage on my Archlinux PC explaining the problem - I presently do not have sufficient access to change the DNS record assigned to the domain. When I change my ip address while my system is running to 69.169.136.6, ifconfig reports the new ip address, but http://whatismyip.com/ does not. When I change it and reboot, I can't ping - the message I recieve is "connect: Network is unreachable" (when given one of google.com 's IP addresses - hostnames give me ping: unknown host xxx). Until I have access to the DNS system, what can I do to make this work? Edit: With new IP address, same problem, IP is now 69.169.136.29. Some commands might be useful: #ping 69.169.136.1 PING 69.169.136.1 (69.169.136.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 69.169.136.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.377 ms #ping 69.169.190.211 connect: Network is unreachable #ping 208.72.160.67 connect: Network is unreachable #ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:4D:97:23:9B inet addr:69.169.136.29 Bcast:69.169.137.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:4dff:fe97:239b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:132091 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:17 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9635179 (9.1 Mb) TX bytes:1322 (1.2 Kb) Interrupt:29 Base address:0x6000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2480 (2.4 Kb) TX bytes:2480 (2.4 Kb) #ip route 69.169.136.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 69.169.136.29 #cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by dhcpcd #nameserver 208.67.222.222 #nameserver 208.67.220.220 nameserver 69.169.190.211 nameserver 208.72.160.67 # /etc/resolv.conf.tail can replace this line Update: have new static IP addresses, verified to work in Windows... Relevant portions of /etc/rc.conf below: #Static IP example #eth0="eth0 69.169.136.6 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.136.1" #eth0="eth0 69.169.136.29 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.137.255" eth0="eth0 69.169.136.32 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.137.255" #eth0="dhcp" INTERFACES=(eth0) # Routes to start at boot-up (in this order) # Declare each route then list in ROUTES # - prefix an entry in ROUTES with a ! to disable it # #gateway="default gw 192.168.0.1" gateway="default gw 69.169.136.1" #gateway="69.169.136.1" ROUTES=(!gateway) #ROUTES=()

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• eth0:0 is configured but not listed in ifconfig output

  - by FractalizeR

  Hello. I have the following problem: My server was given two IPs from [b]different[/b] subnets. Now I am trying to configure the system to work properly. I have created [root@server ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 # Intel Corporation 80003ES2LAN Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) HWADDR=00:30:48:DA:B1:0E DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST=79.174.69.255 IPADDR=79.174.69.241 NETMASK=255.255.254.0 NETWORK=79.174.68.0 ONBOOT=yes GATEWAY=79.174.68.1 TYPE=Ethernet [root@server ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:0 # Intel Corporation 80003ES2LAN Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) HWADDR=00:30:48:DA:B1:0E DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=none BROADCAST=79.174.69.255 IPADDR=79.174.71.74 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=79.174.71.1 ONBOOT=yes GATEWAY=79.174.71.1 TYPE=Ethernet But both after "service network restart" and after "reboot" [root@server ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:48:DA:B1:0E inet addr:79.174.71.74 Bcast:79.174.71.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::230:48ff:feda:b10e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:910284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2924 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:257964879 (246.0 MiB) TX bytes:232450 (227.0 KiB) Memory:df220000-df240000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:6976 (6.8 KiB) TX bytes:6976 (6.8 KiB) Device eth0:0 is not shown as active. If I try [root@server ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:30:48:DA:B1:0E UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Memory:df220000-df240000 It is shown as up and running, but IP is not assigned to it. Also it is strange, that IP address assigned to eth0:0 in config file is used by eth0. /var/log/messages shows nothing about network configuration errors on either eth0 or eth0:0. system-config-network seem to understand all settings correctly and resaves them ok also. "ifup eth0:0" executes ok, but ifconfig afterwards shows no eth0:0 device after that. What did I do wrong? May be the problem is that IPs are from different subnets?

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• iptables syn flood countermeasure

  - by Penegal

  I'm trying to adjust my iptables firewall to increase the security of my server, and I found something a bit problematic here : I have to set INPUT policy to ACCEPT and, in addition, to have a rule saying iptables -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT. Here comes my script (launched manually for tests) : #!/bin/sh IPT=/sbin/iptables echo "Clearing firewall rules" $IPT -F $IPT -Z $IPT -t nat -F $IPT -t nat -Z $IPT -t mangle -F $IPT -t mangle -Z $IPT -X echo "Defining logging policy for dropped packets" $IPT -N LOGDROP $IPT -A LOGDROP -j LOG -m limit --limit 5/min --log-level debug --log-prefix "iptables rejected: " $IPT -A LOGDROP -j DROP echo "Setting firewall policy" $IPT -P INPUT DROP # Deny all incoming connections $IPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT # Allow all outgoing connections $IPT -P FORWARD DROP # Deny all forwaring echo "Allowing connections from/to lo and incoming connections from eth0" $IPT -I INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $IPT -I OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT #$IPT -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT echo "Setting SYN flood countermeasures" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp -i eth0 --syn -m limit --limit 100/second --limit-burst 200 -j LOGDROP echo "Allowing outgoing traffic corresponding to already initiated connections" $IPT -A OUTPUT -p ALL -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT echo "Allowing incoming SSH" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name SSH -j ACCEPT echo "Setting SSH bruteforce attacks countermeasures (deny more than 10 connections every 10 minutes)" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m recent --update --seconds 600 --hitcount 10 --rttl --name SSH -j LOGDROP echo "Allowing incoming traffic for HTTP, SMTP, NTP, PgSQL and SolR" $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 123 -i eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5433 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 5433 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8983 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 8983 -i eth0.2654 -s 172.16.0.2 -j ACCEPT echo "Allowing outgoing traffic for ICMP, SSH, whois, SMTP, DNS, HTTP, PgSQL and SolR" $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 43 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 80 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 5433 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 5433 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 8983 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT #$IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 8983 -o eth0 -d 176.31.236.101 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 5433 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 5433 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 8983 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --sport 8983 -o eth0.2654 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT echo "Allowing outgoing FTP backup" $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 20:21 -o eth0 -d 91.121.190.78 -j ACCEPT echo "Dropping and logging everything else" $IPT -A INPUT -s 0/0 -j LOGDROP $IPT -A OUTPUT -j LOGDROP $IPT -A FORWARD -j LOGDROP echo "Firewall loaded." echo "Maintaining new rules for 3 minutes for tests" sleep 180 $IPT -nvL echo "Clearing firewall rules" $IPT -F $IPT -Z $IPT -t nat -F $IPT -t nat -Z $IPT -t mangle -F $IPT -t mangle -Z $IPT -X $IPT -P INPUT ACCEPT $IPT -P OUTPUT ACCEPT $IPT -P FORWARD ACCEPT When I launch this script (I only have a SSH access), the shell displays every message up to Maintaining new rules for 3 minutes for tests, the server is unresponsive during the 3 minutes delay and then resume normal operations. The only solution I found until now was to set $IPT -P INPUT ACCEPT and $IPT -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT, but this configuration does not protect me of any attack, which is a great shame for a firewall. I suspect that the error comes from my script and not from iptables, but I don't understand what's wrong with my script. Could some do-gooder explain me my error, please? EDIT: here comes the result of iptables -nvL with the "accept all input" ($IPT -P INPUT ACCEPT and $IPT -I INPUT -i eth0 -j ACCEPT) solution : Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 52 ACCEPT all -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x17/0x02 limit: avg 100/sec burst 200 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 state NEW recent: SET name: SSH side: source 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 recent: UPDATE seconds: 600 hit_count: 10 TTL-Match name: SSH side: source 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:8983 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * lo 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 2 728 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:43 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 91.121.190.78 tcp dpts:20:21 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain LOGDROP (5 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 5/min burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 7 prefix `iptables rejected: ' 0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 EDIT #2 : I modified my script (policy ACCEPT, defining authorized incoming packets then logging and dropping everything else) to write iptables -nvL results to a file and to allow only 10 ICMP requests per second, logging and dropping everything else. The result proved unexpected : while the server was unavailable to SSH connections, even already established, I ping-flooded it from another server, and the ping rate was restricted to 10 requests per second. During this test, I also tried to open new SSH connections, which remained unanswered until the script flushed rules. Here comes the iptables stats written after these tests : Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 600 35520 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 6 360 LOGDROP tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp flags:0x17/0x02 limit: avg 100/sec burst 200 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 STRING match "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS." ALGO name bm TO 65535 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 STRING match "Host: anoticiapb.com.br" ALGO name bm TO 65535 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 STRING match "Host: www.anoticiapb.com.br" ALGO name bm TO 65535 105 8820 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 10/sec burst 5 830 69720 LOGDROP icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 state NEW recent: SET name: SSH side: source 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 recent: UPDATE seconds: 600 hit_count: 10 TTL-Match name: SSH side: source 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:123 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 tcp spt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- eth0.2654 * 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0/0 udp spt:8983 16 1684 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 600 35520 ACCEPT all -- * lo 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 LOGDROP tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 owner UID match 33 0 0 LOGDROP udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 owner UID match 33 116 11136 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:53 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:80 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:5433 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT udp -- * eth0.2654 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:8983 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:43 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- * eth0 0.0.0.0/0 91.121.190.18 tcp dpts:20:21 7 1249 LOGDROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain LOGDROP (11 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 35 3156 LOG all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 limit: avg 1/sec burst 5 LOG flags 0 level 7 prefix `iptables rejected: ' 859 73013 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Here comes the log content added during this test : Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55666 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55667 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55668 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:51 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55669 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:52 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55670 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:54 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55671 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:58 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55672 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=6 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=7 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=8 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=9 Mar 28 09:52:59 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=59 Mar 28 09:53:00 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=152 Mar 28 09:53:01 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=246 Mar 28 09:53:02 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=339 Mar 28 09:53:03 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=432 Mar 28 09:53:04 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=524 Mar 28 09:53:05 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=617 Mar 28 09:53:06 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=711 Mar 28 09:53:07 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=804 Mar 28 09:53:08 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=176.31.236.101 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=7430 SEQ=897 Mar 28 09:53:16 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=61402 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57637 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:19 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=61403 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57637 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:21 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=64 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55674 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:25 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=61404 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57637 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:37 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=116 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55675 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:37 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=116 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55676 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:37 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55677 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:38 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55678 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:39 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55679 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:39 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=5055 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57638 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:41 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55680 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:42 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=5056 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57638 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:45 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:10:8c:cf:28:39:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=180 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=55681 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57504 DPT=22 WINDOW=501 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0 Mar 28 09:53:48 localhost kernel: iptables rejected: IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:25:90:54:d7:88:c0:62:6b:e3:5c:80:08:00 SRC=194.51.74.245 DST=176.31.238.3 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=5057 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=57638 DPT=22 WINDOW=5840 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0 If I correctly interpreted these results, they say that ICMP rules were correctly interpreted by iptables, but SSH rules were not. This does not make any sense... Does somebody understand where my error comes from? EDIT #3 : After some more tests, I found out that commenting the SYN flood countermeasure removes the problem. I continue researches in this way but, meanwhile, if somebody sees my anti SYN flood rule error...

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• Nginx Reverse proxy + SYN Flood

  - by Bradley

  We're running a nginx reverse proxy cluster, forwarding traffic to our main website, this enables us to filter out unwanted traffic/users etc, and send them off else where, now we have a few issues with SYN floods where the requests a second is overflowing the proxy + the main server causing them to become unavailable. Is there any ip tables magic that can A) Rate limit SYN packets / connections to HTTP B) Block it all together if packets a second is malicious or any advice how to use limit_rate_zone in nginx, I've googled and tried to apply a few new results and none of them work and the websites are still unavailable.

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• internet disconnects

  - by Smokezzaj

  Internet disconnects and reconnects, computer is in a peer to peer workstation with two other computers XP o/s. Only one computer has this problem the other two don't disconnect. Computer's connect to switch no router is being used. Ipconfig shows a DHCP connection, local area connection status shows packets being sent out but packets are not being received or being received at a extremely slow rate. Tried Winstock tool, reinstalling network card driver, restored to previous date, checked ethernet cable and release/renew IP.

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• 6to4 tunnel: cannot ping6 to ipv6.google.com?

  - by quanta

  Hi folks, Follow the Setup of 6to4 tunnel guide, I want to test ipv6 connectivity, but I cannot ping6 to ipv6.google.com. Details below: # traceroute 192.88.99.1 traceroute to 192.88.99.1 (192.88.99.1), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 static.vdc.vn (123.30.53.1) 1.514 ms 2.622 ms 3.760 ms 2 static.vdc.vn (123.30.63.117) 0.608 ms 0.696 ms 0.735 ms 3 static.vdc.vn (123.30.63.101) 0.474 ms 0.477 ms 0.506 ms 4 203.162.231.214 (203.162.231.214) 11.327 ms 11.320 ms 11.312 ms 5 static.vdc.vn (222.255.165.34) 11.546 ms 11.684 ms 11.768 ms 6 203.162.217.26 (203.162.217.26) 42.460 ms 42.424 ms 42.401 ms 7 218.188.104.173 (218.188.104.173) 42.489 ms 42.462 ms 42.415 ms 8 218.189.5.10 (218.189.5.10) 42.613 ms 218.189.5.42 (218.189.5.42) 42.273 ms 42.300 ms 9 d1-26-224-143-118-on-nets.com (118.143.224.26) 205.752 ms d1-18-224-143-118-on-nets.com (118.143.224.18) 207.130 ms d1-14-224-143-118-on-nets.com (118.143.224.14) 206.970 ms 10 218.189.5.150 (218.189.5.150) 207.456 ms 206.349 ms 206.941 ms 11 * * * 12 10gigabitethernet2-1.core1.lax1.he.net (72.52.92.121) 214.087 ms 214.426 ms 214.818 ms 13 192.88.99.1 (192.88.99.1) 207.215 ms 199.270 ms 209.391 ms # ifconfig tun6to4 tun6to4 Link encap:IPv6-in-IPv4 inet6 addr: 2002:x:x::/16 Scope:Global inet6 addr: ::x.x.x.x/128 Scope:Compat UP RUNNING NOARP MTU:1480 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:11 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:11 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) # iptunnel sit0: ipv6/ip remote any local any ttl 64 nopmtudisc tun6to4: ipv6/ip remote any local x.x.x.x ttl 64 # ip -6 route show ::/96 via :: dev tun6to4 metric 256 expires 21332777sec mtu 1480 advmss 1420 hoplimit 4294967295 2002::/16 dev tun6to4 metric 256 expires 21332794sec mtu 1480 advmss 1420 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 metric 256 expires 15674592sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth1 metric 256 expires 15674597sec mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev tun6to4 metric 256 expires 21332794sec mtu 1480 advmss 1420 hoplimit 4294967295 default via ::192.88.99.1 dev tun6to4 metric 1 expires 21332861sec mtu 1480 advmss 1420 hoplimit 4294967295 # ping6 -n -c 4 ipv6.google.com PING ipv6.google.com(2404:6800:8005::68) 56 data bytes From 2002:x:x:: icmp_seq=0 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From 2002:x:x:: icmp_seq=1 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From 2002:x:x:: icmp_seq=2 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable From 2002:x:x:: icmp_seq=3 Destination unreachable: Address unreachable --- ipv6.google.com ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 received, +4 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2999ms What is my problem? Thanks,

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• Cliq Wireless questions

  - by Nathan Adams

  Heres the deal: I am by no means a Linux expert, even less when it comes to the Android OS but lets see if we can't solve this problem. The problem I am having is that on the Cliq we have a broadcom chip. In order to use the wireless card you must first insert the module into the kernel. Fine: # insmod /system/lib/dhd.ko insmod /system/lib/dhd.ko # lsmod lsmod dhd 164936 0 - Live 0xbf000000 # BUT netcfg (or ifconfig in busybox) does not recognize that there is a wireless adapter there: # netcfg netcfg lo UP 127.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 0x00000049 dummy0 DOWN 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0x00000082 rmnet0 UP 14.67.164.2 255.255.255.252 0x00001043 rmnet1 DOWN 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0x00001002 rmnet2 DOWN 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0x00001002 usb0 DOWN 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0x00001002 # busybox ifconfig busybox ifconfig lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:282 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:282 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:18754 (18.3 KiB) TX bytes:18754 (18.3 KiB) rmnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr EE:83:E8:B4:4A:ED inet addr:14.x.x.x Bcast:14.67.164.3 Mask:255.255.255.252 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:7148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7659 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2609236 (2.4 MiB) TX bytes:908575 (887.2 KiB) # For giggles if we attempt to launch wpa_supplicant anyways we get this: # wpa_supplicant -Dwext -ieth0 -c/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf wpa_supplicant -Dwext -ieth0 -c/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf ioctl[SIOCSIWPMKSA]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWMODE]: No such device Could not configure driver to use managed mode ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device Could not set interface 'eth0' UP ioctl[SIOCGIWRANGE]: No such device ioctl[SIOCGIFINDEX]: No such device CTRL-EVENT-STATE-CHANGE id=-1 state=0 ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODE]: No such device ioctl[SIOCSIWAUTH]: No such device WEXT auth param 7 value 0x0 - Failed to disable WPA in the driver. ioctl[SIOCSIWAUTH]: No such device WEXT auth param 5 value 0x0 - ioctl[SIOCSIWAUTH]: No such device WEXT auth param 4 value 0x0 - ioctl[SIOCSIWAP]: No such device ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device # In dmesg we get: <4>[18300.494065] dhd_oob_enable_intr : enable <4>[18305.019976] dhd_net_start failed bus is not ready <4>[18305.020278] dhdsdio_probe: dhd_net_start failed! Do I need to specify the firmware with insmod? Why are we trying to control the interface manually instead of through the Android API? The Android API doesn't support ad-hoc connections as far as I can tell. The card, I am sure, most certainly can.

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