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"|" pipe operator not working in command line in C++

- by user332024

I am having a windows application interacting with DB2 database. In my application i have code to execute some DB2 commands through command line interface. I have used windowsAPI "ShellExecuteEx()" to execute those DB2 commands through command line. Following is the code written to execute DB2 command through command line. string command = "/c /w /i DB2 UNCATALOG NODE DB_DATABASE "" test.log | echo %date% %time% test.log SHELLEXECUTEINFO shellInfo; ZeroMemory(&shellInfo, sizeof(shellInfo)); shellInfo.cbSize = sizeof(shellInfo); shellInfo.fMask = SEE_MASK_FLAG_NO_UI | SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS; //shellInfo.lpFile = "db2cmd"; shellInfo.lpFile = "db2cmd"; shellInfo.lpParameters = command.c_str(); The code is executed successfully , however if test.log is observered i only get result of DB2 command and not date and time. If you see the above command there is "|" pipe operator and echo command to log date and time in test.log Please note that if I execute above DB2 command through separately command line i.e. not through code. I am able to view date and time log along with DB2 command result in test.log. Following is the full command which i executed through command line. DB2CMD /c /i /w DB2 UNCATALOG NODE DB_DATABASE "" test.log | echo %date% %time% test.log According to me since DB2 command is executed successfully through code, there is problem with only usage of "|" pipe operator or echo command.

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SSE (SIMD extensions) support in gcc

- by goldenmean

Hi, I see a code as below: include "stdio.h" #define VECTOR_SIZE 4 typedef float v4sf __attribute__ ((vector_size(sizeof(float)*VECTOR_SIZE))); // vector of four single floats typedef union f4vector { v4sf v; float f[VECTOR_SIZE]; } f4vector; void print_vector (f4vector *v) { printf("%f,%f,%f,%f\n", v->f[0], v->f[1], v->f[2], v->f[3]); } int main() { union f4vector a, b, c; a.v = (v4sf){1.2, 2.3, 3.4, 4.5}; b.v = (v4sf){5., 6., 7., 8.}; c.v = a.v + b.v; print_vector(&a); print_vector(&b); print_vector(&c); } This code builds fine and works expectedly using gcc (it's inbuild SSE / MMX extensions and vector data types. this code is doing a SIMD vector addition using 4 single floats. I want to understand in detail what does each keyword/function call on this typedef line means and does: typedef float v4sf __attribute__ ((vector_size(sizeof(float)*VECTOR_SIZE))); What is the vector_size() function return; What is the __attribute__ keyword for Here is the float data type being type defined to vfsf type? I understand the rest part. thanks, -AD

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Why `is_base_of` works with private inheritance?

- by Alexey Malistov

Why the following code works? typedef char (&yes)[1]; typedef char (&no)[2]; template <typename B, typename D> struct Host { operator B*() const; operator D*(); }; template <typename B, typename D> struct is_base_of { template <typename T> static yes check(D*, T); static no check(B*, int); static const bool value = sizeof(check(Host<B,D>(), int())) == sizeof(yes); }; //Test sample class B {}; class D : private B {}; //Exspression is true. int test[is_base_of<B,D>::value && !is_base_of<D,B>::value]; Note that B is private base. Note that operator B*() is const. How does this work? Why this works? Why static yes check(D*, T); is better than static yes check(B*, int); ?

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Question about TerminateProcess hook

- by imans62

I wrote this code but it does not work correctly - can you help me? void EnableDebugPriv() { HANDLE hToken; LUID luid; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp; OpenProcessToken( GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken ); LookupPrivilegeValue( NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid ); tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1; tkp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid; tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; AdjustTokenPrivileges( hToken, false, &tkp, sizeof( tkp ), NULL, NULL ); CloseHandle( hToken ); } NTSTATUS WINAPI HookedNtTerminateProcess( __in HANDLE hProcess, __in UINT uExitCode ) { NTSTATUS statues = OriginalNtTerminateProcess(hProcess,uExitCode); HANDLE hProc; PROCESSENTRY32 entry; entry.dwFlags = sizeof( PROCESSENTRY32 ); HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot( TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, NULL ); if ( Process32First( snapshot, &entry ) == TRUE ) { while ( Process32Next( snapshot, &entry ) == TRUE ) { if ( wcsicmp( entry.szExeFile, L"calc.exe" ) == 0 ) { EnableDebugPriv(); HANDLE hProc = OpenProcess( PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, entry.th32ProcessID ); // Do stuff.. //CloseHandle( hProc ); } } } if(hProc == hProcess) MessageBox(NULL, L"Error", L"Information", MB_OK); else TerminateProcess(hProcess,uExitCode); CloseHandle( hProc); CloseHandle( snapshot ); return statues; }

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std::ifstream buffer caching

- by ledokol

Hello everybody, In my application I'm trying to merge sorted files (keeping them sorted of course), so I have to iterate through each element in both files to write the minimal to the third one. This works pretty much slow on big files, as far as I don't see any other choice (the iteration has to be done) I'm trying to optimize file loading. I can use some amount of RAM, which I can use for buffering. I mean instead of reading 4 bytes from both files every time I can read once something like 100Mb and work with that buffer after that, until there will be no element in buffer, then I'll refill the buffer again. But I guess ifstream is already doing that, will it give me more performance and is there any reason? If fstream does, maybe I can change size of that buffer? added My current code looks like that (pseudocode) // this is done in loop int i1 = input1.read_integer(); int i2 = input2.read_integer(); if (!input1.eof() && !input2.eof()) { if (i1 < i2) { output.write(i1); input2.seek_back(sizeof(int)); } else input1.seek_back(sizeof(int)); output.write(i2); } } else { if (input1.eof()) output.write(i2); else if (input2.eof()) output.write(i1); } What I don't like here is seek_back - I have to seek back to previous position as there is no way to peek 4 bytes too much reading from file if one of the streams is in EOF it still continues to check that stream instead of putting contents of another stream directly to output, but this is not a big issue, because chunk sizes are almost always equal. Can you suggest improvement for that? Thanks.

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How can i create an n-dimensional array in c

- by shortCircuit

I was thinking of making a function that would accept the size of array as a parameter and create a n dimensional array. My room-mate took the liberty of making it complex. He said lets write a function that takes n parameters and returns an n-dimensional array using those parameters as the dimensions. Now i realize an one-day and d array is easy to implement with pointers. For 2d array the snippet would be something like (standard way) : int** x; int* temp; x = (int**)malloc(m * sizeof(int*)); temp = (int*)malloc(m*n * sizeof(int)); for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { x[i] = temp + (i * n); } where the array is of size m*n; But the problem lies how do we find the nested loop parameters for a n-dimensional array? Is there any way to optimize the code?

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How to backup using backup API's in c++

- by user1603185

I am writing an application that used to backup some specified file, therefore using the backup API calls i.e CreateFile BackupRead and WriteFile API's. getting errors Access violation reading location. I have attached code below. #include <windows.h> int main() { HANDLE hInput, hOutput; //m_filename is a variable holding the file path to read from hInput = CreateFile(L"C:\\Key.txt", GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL); //strLocation contains the path of the file I want to create. hOutput= CreateFile(L"C:\\tmp\\", GENERIC_WRITE, NULL, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, NULL, NULL); DWORD dwBytesToRead = 1024 * 1024 * 10; BYTE *buffer; buffer = new BYTE[dwBytesToRead]; BOOL bReadSuccess = false,bWriteSuccess = false; DWORD dwBytesRead,dwBytesWritten; LPVOID lpContext; //Now comes the important bit: do { bReadSuccess = BackupRead(hInput, buffer, sizeof(BYTE) *dwBytesToRead, &dwBytesRead, false, true, &lpContext); bWriteSuccess= WriteFile(hOutput, buffer, sizeof(BYTE) *dwBytesRead, &dwBytesWritten, NULL); }while(dwBytesRead == dwBytesToRead); return 0; } Any one suggest me how to use these API's? Thanks.

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How to access variables in shared memory

- by user1723361

I am trying to create a shared memory segment containing three integers and an array. The segment is created and a pointer is attached, but when I try to access the values of the variables (whether changing, printing, etc.) I get a segmentation fault. Here is the code I tried: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #define SIZE 10 int* shm_front; int* shm_end; int* shm_count; int* shm_array; int shm_size = 3*sizeof(int) + sizeof(shm_array[SIZE]); int main(int argc, char* argsv[]) { int shmid; //create shared memory segment if((shmid = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, shm_size, 0644)) == -1) { printf("error in shmget"); exit(1); } //obtain the pointer to the segment if((shm_front = (int*)shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0)) == (void *)-1) { printf("error in shmat"); exit(1); } //move down the segment to set the other pointers shm_end = shm_front + 1; shm_count = shm_front + 2; shm_array = shm_front + 3; //tests on shm //*shm_end = 10; //gives segmentation fault //printf("\n%d", *shm_front); //gives segmentation fault //clean-up //get rid of shared memory shmdt(shm_front); shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL); //printf("\n\n"); return 0; } I tried accessing the shared memory by dereferencing the pointer to the struct, but got a segmentation fault each time.

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question aboute termiateprocess hook

- by imans62

i write this code but not work correctly can u help me? void EnableDebugPriv() { HANDLE hToken; LUID luid; TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp; OpenProcessToken( GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken ); LookupPrivilegeValue( NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid ); tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1; tkp.Privileges[0].Luid = luid; tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED; AdjustTokenPrivileges( hToken, false, &tkp, sizeof( tkp ), NULL, NULL ); CloseHandle( hToken ); } NTSTATUS WINAPI HookedNtTerminateProcess( __in HANDLE hProcess, __in UINT uExitCode ) { NTSTATUS statues = OriginalNtTerminateProcess(hProcess,uExitCode); HANDLE hProc; PROCESSENTRY32 entry; entry.dwFlags = sizeof( PROCESSENTRY32 ); HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot( TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, NULL ); if ( Process32First( snapshot, &entry ) == TRUE ) { while ( Process32Next( snapshot, &entry ) == TRUE ) { if ( wcsicmp( entry.szExeFile, L"calc.exe" ) == 0 ) { EnableDebugPriv(); HANDLE hProc = OpenProcess( PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, entry.th32ProcessID ); // Do stuff.. //CloseHandle( hProc ); } } } if(hProc == hProcess) MessageBox(NULL, L"Error", L"Information", MB_OK); else TerminateProcess(hProcess,uExitCode); CloseHandle( hProc); CloseHandle( snapshot ); return statues;

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A Question about dereferencing pointer to incomplete type In C programming

- by user552279

Hi, can you explain this error for me? Blockquote /////////////////////////////// In my A.h file: struct TreeNode; struct TreeHead; typedef struct TreeNode * Node; typedef struct TreeHead * Head; /////////////////////////////// In my A.c file: struct TreeNode { char* theData; Node Left; Node Right; } ; struct TreeHead{ int counter; char type; Node Root; }; Head Initialisation() { Head treeHead; treeHead = malloc(sizeof (struct TreeHead)); treeHead-Root = malloc(sizeof (struct TreeNode)); return treeHead; } /////////////////////////////// In my Main.c file: Head head; Node tree; int choose =5; head = Initialisation(); (head-Root) = tree; //When compiling, this line has an error: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type Blockquote haed-Root will return a Node pointer, tree is also a Node pointer. So why error is dereferencing pointer to "incomplete" type?

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Question on passing a pointer to a structure in C to a function?

- by worlds-apart89

Below, I wrote a primitive singly linked list in C. Function "addEditNode" MUST receive a pointer by value, which, I am guessing, means we can edit the data of the pointer but can not point it to something else. If I allocate memory using malloc in "addEditNode", when the function returns, can I see the contents of first-next ? Second question is do I have to free first-next or is it only first that I should free? I am running into segmentation faults on Linux. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct list_node list_node_t; struct list_node { int value; list_node_t *next; }; void addEditNode(list_node_t *node) { node->value = 10; node->next = (list_node_t*) malloc(sizeof(list_node_t)); node->next->value = 1; node->next->next = NULL; } int main() { list_node_t *first = (list_node_t*) malloc(sizeof(list_node_t)); first->value = 1; first->next = NULL; addEditNode(first); free(first); return 0; }

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Merge n files using a C program

- by Amal

I am writing a download Accelerator. So I download a file from the webserver into n parts. Now I want to merge the files into 1 single file. So I use the following code. And the file names are in the correct order. But the output file I am getting is different from the original download file. Can you tell me where could the error be ?C int cbd_merge_files(const char** filenames, int n, const char* final_filename) { FILE* fp = fopen(final_filename, "wb"); if (fp == NULL) return 1; char buffer[4097]; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { const char* fname = filenames[i]; FILE* fp_read = fopen(fname, "rb"); if (fp_read == NULL) return 1; int n; while ((n = fread(buffer, sizeof(char), 4096, fp_read))) { int k = fwrite(buffer, sizeof(char), n, fp); if (!k) return 1; } fclose(fp_read); } fclose(fp); return 0; }

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glibc detected ./.a.out: free(): invalid pointer

- by ExtremeBlue

typedef struct _PERSON { size_t age; unsigned char* name; }PERSON; int init(PERSON** person) { (* person) = (PERSON *) malloc(sizeof(struct _PERSON)); (* person)->age = 1; (* person)->name = (unsigned char *) malloc(sizeof(4)); (* person)->name = "NAME"; return 0; } void close(PERSON** person) { (* person)->age = 0; if((* person)->name != NULL) { free((* person)->name); } if((* person) != NULL) { free((* person)); } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { PERSON* p; init(&p); printf("%d\t%s\n", (int) p->age, p->name); close(&p); return 0; } 1 NAME *** glibc detected *** ./a.out: free(): invalid pointer: 0x000000000040079c *** ======= Backtrace: ========= /lib/libc.so.6(+0x774b6)[0x7fa9027054b6] /lib/libc.so.6(cfree+0x73)[0x7fa90270bc83] ./a.out(close+0x3d)[0x400651] ./a.out[0x40069f] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xfe)[0x7fa9026acd8e] ./a.out[0x4004f9] ... 7fa8fc000000-7fa8fc021000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa8fc021000-7fa900000000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902478000-7fa90248d000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90248d000-7fa90268c000 ---p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268c000-7fa90268d000 r--p 00014000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268d000-7fa90268e000 rw-p 00015000 08:12 23068732 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 7fa90268e000-7fa902808000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902808000-7fa902a07000 ---p 0017a000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a07000-7fa902a0b000 r--p 00179000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0b000-7fa902a0c000 rw-p 0017d000 08:12 23068970 /lib/libc-2.12.1.so 7fa902a0c000-7fa902a11000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902a11000-7fa902a31000 r-xp 00000000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c25000-7fa902c28000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c2e000-7fa902c31000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fa902c31000-7fa902c32000 r--p 00020000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c32000-7fa902c33000 rw-p 00021000 08:12 23068966 /lib/ld-2.12.1.so 7fa902c33000-7fa902c34000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 7fff442d5000-7fff442f6000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] 7fff44308000-7fff44309000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso] ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vsyscall] Aborted

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Pointer and malloc issue

- by Andy

I am fairly new to C and am getting stuck with arrays and pointers when they refer to strings. I can ask for input of 2 numbers (ints) and then return the one I want (first number or second number) without any issues. But when I request names and try to return them, the program crashes after I enter the first name and not sure why. In theory I am looking to reserve memory for the first name, and then expand it to include a second name. Can anyone explain why this breaks? Thanks! #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void main () { int NumItems = 0; NumItems += 1; char* NameList = malloc(sizeof(char[10])*NumItems); printf("Please enter name #1: \n"); scanf("%9s", NameList[0]); fpurge(stdin); NumItems += 1; NameList = realloc(NameList,sizeof(char[10])*NumItems); printf("Please enter name #2: \n"); scanf("%9s", NameList[1]); fpurge(stdin); printf("The first name is: %s",NameList[0]); printf("The second name is: %s",NameList[1]); return 0; }

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Running exe built in VC++ on XP and WIN7

- by rajivpradeep

sprintf_s(cmd, "%c:\index.exe", driver); STARTUPINFOA si; PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; ::SecureZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(STARTUPINFO)); ::SecureZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION)); si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW | STARTF_USESTDHANDLES; si.wShowWindow = SW_SHOW; RES = ::CreateProcessA(NULL, cmd, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi); DWORD exitcode; DWORD err; do { Sleep(100); GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, &exitcode); } while (exitcode !=0); GetExitCodeThread(pi.hThread, &exitcode); RES = TerminateThread(pi.hThread, exitcode); if (RES == 0) err = GetLastError(); I am trying to run a flash file, the application is built in VS 2008 , on win 7. The application works well on WIN7 but fails in XP. Ie the application launches but doesn't complete the task. I see the application running in Task Manager

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Rotate a linked list

- by user408041

I want to rotate a linked list that contains a number. 123 should be rotated to 231. The function created 23 but the last character stays empty, why? typedef struct node node; struct node{ char digit; node* p; }; void rotate(node** head){ node* walk= (*head); node* prev= (*head); char temp= walk->digit; while(walk->p!=NULL){ walk->digit=walk->p->digit; walk= walk->p; } walk->digit=temp; } How I create the list: node* convert_to_list(int num){ node * curr, * head; int i=0,length=0; char *arr=NULL; head = NULL; length =(int) log10(((double) num))+1; arr =(char*) malloc((length)*sizeof(char)); //allocate memory sprintf (arr, "%d" ,num); //(num, buf, 10); for(i=length;i>=0;i--) { curr = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); (curr)->digit = arr[i]; (curr)->p = head; head = curr; } curr = head; return curr; }

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iPhone AES encryption issue

- by Dilshan

Hi, I use following code to encrypt using AES. - (NSData*)AES256EncryptWithKey:(NSString*)key theMsg:(NSData *)myMessage { // 'key' should be 32 bytes for AES256, will be null-padded otherwise char keyPtr[kCCKeySizeAES256 + 1]; // room for terminator (unused) bzero(keyPtr, sizeof(keyPtr)); // fill with zeroes (for padding) // fetch key data [key getCString:keyPtr maxLength:sizeof(keyPtr) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSUInteger dataLength = [myMessage length]; //See the doc: For block ciphers, the output size will always be less than or //equal to the input size plus the size of one block. //That's why we need to add the size of one block here size_t bufferSize = dataLength + kCCBlockSizeAES128; void* buffer = malloc(bufferSize); size_t numBytesEncrypted = 0; CCCryptorStatus cryptStatus = CCCrypt(kCCEncrypt, kCCAlgorithmAES128, kCCOptionPKCS7Padding, keyPtr, kCCKeySizeAES256, NULL /* initialization vector (optional) */, [myMessage bytes], dataLength, /* input */ buffer, bufferSize, /* output */ &numBytesEncrypted); if (cryptStatus == kCCSuccess) { //the returned NSData takes ownership of the buffer and will free it on deallocation return [NSData dataWithBytesNoCopy:buffer length:numBytesEncrypted]; } free(buffer); //free the buffer; return nil; } However the following code chunk returns null if I tried to print the encryptmessage variable. Same thing applies to decryption as well. What am I doing wrong here? NSData *encrData = [self AES256EncryptWithKey:theKey theMsg:myMessage]; NSString *encryptmessage = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:encrData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; Thank you

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Best tree/heap data structure for fixed set of nodes with changing values + need top 20 values?

- by user350139

I'm writing something like a game in C++ where I have a database table containing the current score for each user. I want to read that table into memory at the start of the game, quickly change each user's score while the game is being played in response to what each user does, and then when the game ends write the current scores back to the database. I also want to be able to find the 20 or so users with the highest scores. No users will be added or deleted during the short period when the game is being played. I haven't tried it yet, but updating the database might take too much time during the period when the game is being played. Fixed set of users (might be 10,000 to 50,000 users) Will map user IDs to their score and other user-specific information. User IDs will be auto_increment values. If the structure has a high memory overhead that's probably not an issue. If the program crashes during gameplay it can just be re-started. Quickly get a user's current score. Quickly add to a user's current score (and return their current score) Quickly get 20 users with highest score. No deletes. No inserts except when the structure is first created, and how long that takes isn't critical. Getting the top 20 users will only happen every five or ten seconds, but getting/adding will happen much more frequently. If not for the last, I could just create a memory block equal to sizeof(user) * max(user id) and put each user at user id * sizeof(user) for fast access. Should I do that plus some other structure for the Top 20 feature, or is there one structure that will handle all of this together?

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Difference dynami static 2d array c++

- by snorlaks

Hello, Im using opensource library called wxFreeChart to draw some XY charts. In example there is code which uses static array as a serie : double data1[][2] = { { 10, 20, }, { 13, 16, }, { 7, 30, }, { 15, 34, }, { 25, 4, }, }; dataset-AddSerie((double *) data1, WXSIZEOF(dynamicArray)); WXSIZEOF ismacro defined like: sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]) In this case everything works great but in my program Im using dynamic arrays (according to users input). I made a test and wrotecode like below: double **dynamicArray = NULL; dynamicArray = new double *[5] ; for( int i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++ ) dynamicArray[i] = new double[2]; dynamicArray [0][0] = 10; dynamicArray [0][1] = 20; dynamicArray [1][0] = 13; dynamicArray [1][1] = 16; dynamicArray [2][0] = 7; dynamicArray [2][1] = 30; dynamicArray [3][0] = 15; dynamicArray [3][1] = 34; dynamicArray [4][0] = 25; dynamicArray [4][1] = 4; dataset-AddSerie((double *) *dynamicArray, WXSIZEOF(dynamicArray)); But it doesnt work correctly. I mean point arent drawn. I wonder if there is any possibility that I can "cheat" that method and give it dynamic array in way it understands it and will read data from correct place thanks for help

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What is wrong with this append func in C

- by LuckySlevin

My Struct Definitions. typedef struct inner_list {char word[100]; inner_list*next;} inner_list; typedef struct outer_list { char word [100]; inner_list * head; outer_list * next; } outer_list; And The problem part: void append(outer_list **q,char num[100],inner_list *p) { outer_list *temp,*r; temp = *q; char *str; if(*q==NULL) { temp = (outer_list *)malloc(sizeof(outer_list)); strcpy(temp->word,num); temp->head = p; temp->next=NULL; *q=temp; } else { temp = *q; while(temp->next !=NULL) { temp=temp->next; } r = (outer_list *)malloc(sizeof(outer_list)); strcpy(r->word,num); temp->head = p; r->next=NULL; temp->next=r; } } I don't know what is i'm doing wrong in this append function i'm sending a char array and a linked list to be stored another linked list. But i can't store the linked list in another linked list. I couldn't figure out the problem. Any ideas?

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Could this C cast to avoid a signed/unsigned comparison make any sense?

- by sharptooth

I'm reviewing a C++ project and see effectively the following: std::vector<SomeType> objects; //then later int size = (int)objects.size(); for( int i = 0; i < size; ++i ) { process( objects[i] ); } Here's what I see. std::vector::size() returns size_t that can be of some size not related to the size of int. Even if sizeof(int) == sizeof(size_t) int is signed and can't hold all possible values of size_t. So the code above could only process the lower part of a very long vector and contains a bug. That said I'm curious of why the author might have written this? My only guess is that first he omitted the (int) cast and the compiler emitted something like Visual C++ C4018 warning: warning C4018: '<' : signed/unsigned mismatch so the author though that the best way to avoid the compiler warning would be to simply cast the size_t to int thus making the compiler shut up. Is there any other possible sane reason for that C cast?

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why no implicit conversion from pointer to reference to const pointer.

- by user316606

I'll illustrate my question with code: #include <iostream> void PrintInt(const unsigned char*& ptr) { int data = 0; ::memcpy(&data, ptr, sizeof(data)); // advance the pointer reference. ptr += sizeof(data); std::cout << std::hex << data << " " << std::endl; } int main(int, char**) { unsigned char buffer[] = { 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, }; /* const */ unsigned char* ptr = buffer; PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... PrintInt(ptr); // error C2664: ... return 0; } When I run this code (in VS2008) I get this: error C2664: 'PrintInt' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'unsigned char *' to 'const unsigned char *&'. If I uncomment the "const" comment it works fine. However shouldn't pointer implicitly convert into const pointer and then reference be taken? Am I wrong in expecting this to work? Thanks!

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Declaring two large 2d arrays gives segmentation fault.

- by pfdevil

Hello, i'm trying to declare and allocate memory for two 2d-arrays. However when trying to assign values to itemFeatureQ[39][16816] I get a segmentation vault. I can't understand it since I have 2GB of RAM and only using 19MB on the heap. Here is the code; double** reserveMemory(int rows, int columns) { double **array; int i; array = (double**) malloc(rows * sizeof(double *)); if(array == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n"); return NULL; } for(i = 0; i < rows; i++) { array[i] = (double*) malloc(columns * sizeof(double *)); if(array == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n"); return NULL; } } return array; } void populateUserFeatureP(double **userFeatureP) { int x,y; for(x = 0; x < CUSTOMERS; x++) { for(y = 0; y < FEATURES; y++) { userFeatureP[x][y] = 0; } } } void populateItemFeatureQ(double **itemFeatureQ) { int x,y; for(x = 0; x < FEATURES; x++) { for(y = 0; y < MOVIES; y++) { printf("(%d,%d)\n", x, y); itemFeatureQ[x][y] = 0; } } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ double **userFeatureP = reserveMemory(480189, 40); double **itemFeatureQ = reserveMemory(40, 17770); populateItemFeatureQ(itemFeatureQ); populateUserFeatureP(userFeatureP); return 0; }

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why doesnt this program print?

- by Alex

What I'm trying to do is to print my two-dimensional array but i'm lost. The first function is running perfect, the problem is the second or maybe the way I'm passing it to the "Print" function. #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define ROW 2 #define COL 2 //Memory allocation and values input void func(int **arr) { int i, j; arr = (int**)calloc(ROW,sizeof(int*)); for(i=0; i < ROW; i++) arr[i] = (int*)calloc(COL,sizeof(int)); printf("Input: \n"); for(i=0; i<ROW; i++) for(j=0; j<COL; j++) scanf_s("%d", &arr[i][j]); } //This is where the problem begins or maybe it's in the main void print(int **arr) { int i, j; for(i=0; i<ROW; i++) { for(j=0; j<COL; j++) printf("%5d", arr[i][j]); printf("\n"); } } void main() { int *arr; func(&arr); print(&arr); //maybe I'm not passing the arr right ? }

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POSIX Sockets: How to detect Ctrl-C sent over Telnet?

- by ogott

Short Question What's the right way to handle a Ctrl-C event sent over Telnet on the server side? Long Question After calling recv() on a socket, I'd like to handle some situations appropriately. One of them is to return a certain error code when Ctrl-C was received. What's the correct way to detect this? The following works, but it just doesn't seem right: size_t recv_count; static char ctrl_c[5] = {0xff, 0xf4, 0xff, 0xfd, 0x06}; recv_count = recv(socket, buffer, buffer_size, 0); if (recv_count == sizeof(ctrl_c) && memcmp(buffer, ctrl_c, sizeof(ctrl_c) == 0) { return CTRL_C_RECEIVED; } I found a comment on Ctrl-C in a side-note in this UNIX Socket FAQ: [...] (by the way, out-of-band is often used for that ctrl-C, too). As I understand, receiving out-of-band data is done using recv() with a certain flag as the last parameter. But when I'm waiting for data using recv() as I do in the code above, I can't read out-of-band data at the same time. Apart from that, I'm getting something using recv() without that oob-flag.

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