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  • Is literate programming dead?

    - by Stephen
    A fair bit is written about literate programming, but I've yet to see any project that uses it in any capacity, nor have I seen it used to teach programming. My sample may small, so I'm looking for evidence that literate programming exists and is successful in the real world.

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  • Averaging initial values for rolling series

    - by Dave Jarvis
    Question Given a maximum sliding window size of 40 (i.e., the set of numbers in the list cannot exceed 40), what is the calculation to ensure a smooth averaging transition as the set size grows from 1 to 40? Problem Description Creating a trend line for a set of data has skewed initial values. The complete set of values is unknown at runtime: they are provided one at a time. It seems like a reverse-weighted average is required so that the initial values are averaged differently. In the image below the leftmost data for the trend line are incorrectly averaged. Current Solution Created a new type of ArrayList subclass that calculates the appropriate values and ensures its size never goes beyond the bounds of the sliding window: /** * A list of Double values that has a maximum capacity enforced by a sliding * window. Can calculate the average of its values. */ public class AveragingList extends ArrayList<Double> { private float slidingWindowSize = 0.0f; /** * The initial capacity is used for the sliding window size. * @param slidingWindowSize */ public AveragingList( int slidingWindowSize ) { super( slidingWindowSize ); setSlidingWindowSize( ( float )slidingWindowSize ); } public boolean add( Double d ) { boolean result = super.add( d ); // Prevent the list from exceeding the maximum sliding window size. // if( size() > getSlidingWindowSize() ) { remove( 0 ); } return result; } /** * Calculate the average. * * @return The average of the values stored in this list. */ public double average() { double result = 0.0; int size = size(); for( Double d: this ) { result += d.doubleValue(); } return (double)result / (double)size; } /** * Changes the maximum number of numbers stored in this list. * * @param slidingWindowSize New maximum number of values to remember. */ public void setSlidingWindowSize( float slidingWindowSize ) { this.slidingWindowSize = slidingWindowSize; } /** * Returns the number used to determine the maximum values this list can * store before it removes the first entry upon adding another value. * @return The maximum number of numbers stored in this list. */ public float getSlidingWindowSize() { return slidingWindowSize; } } Resulting Image Example Input The data comes into the function one value at a time. For example, data points (Data) and calculated averages (Avg) typically look as follows: Data: 17.0 Avg : 17.0 Data: 17.0 Avg : 17.0 Data: 5.0 Avg : 13.0 Data: 5.0 Avg : 11.0  Related Sites The following pages describe moving averages, but typically when all (or sufficient) data is known: http://www.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/15inout/MovingAverage.java.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2161815/r-zoo-series-sliding-window-calculation http://taragana.blogspot.com/ http://www.dreamincode.net/forums/index.php?showtopic=92508 http://blogs.sun.com/nickstephen/entry/dtrace_and_moving_rolling_averages

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  • Onshore work methods V Offshore Supplier work methods - how to strike a balance?

    - by LadyCoconut
    Any advice on the best way to strike a balance between the work methods of an offshore supplier and the work methods of a new onshore team? We have an offshore supplier with about 2 years who have their own working practices and methods. I was bought in as the first onshore developer for my company with the view to vetting the code that comes in and putting together some best practices. Now from what I've seen there are lots of holes in their process (e.g. estimation, planning, code reviews, coding standards from about 10 years ago, no concept of mocking, refactoring etc). I need to be seen as a problem solver and not a problem creator but also I need to try and be somewhat forceful of what they are doing needs improving and at the end of the day they are a supplier. I would appreciate any advice. Thanks.

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  • Blog Engine .NET with XML Data Storage How is it so fast ?

    - by Kubi
    I am looking for a way to embed a blog engine into my own application and I am too curious about Blog Engine algorithm. This may not be the correct place to ask but, How is that possible to store blog entry data in an XML file like BlogEngine.Net with Default Configuration. It must be getting slower everyday while the file is getting larger and larger. I am wondering the algorithm behind that. Is it loading with a different way ? Or Am I wrong with the time estimation ? I know it is open source but I thought it would be better to see a discussion here for some others might be thinking the same and this thread can be a reference.

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  • Estimate serialization size of objects?

    - by Stefan K.
    In my thesis, I woud like to enhance messaging in a cluster. It's important to log runtime information about how big a message is (should I prefer processing local or remote). I could just find frameoworks about estimating the object memory size based on java instrumentation. I've tested classmexer, which didn't come close to the serialization size and sourceforge SizeOf. In a small testcase, SizeOf was around 10% wrong and 10x faster than serialization. (Still transient breaks the estimation completely and since e.g. ArrayList is transient but is serialized as an Array, it's not easy to patch SizeOf. But I could live with that) On the other hand, 10x faster with 10% error doesn't seem very good. Any ideas how I could do better?

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  • Php, mysql selection

    - by cosy
    I have this table ATTRIBUTE id name um 12 capacity MB;GB;TB And this table2 : id id_attribute id_product name value um 1 12 40 hdd maxtor 30 GB 2 12 41 hdd maxtor 40 GB 3 12 42 hdd y 1 TB How can i select from table2 in this order : 30GB 40GB 1TB? Thanks a lot!

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  • Better algorithm for estimating download time

    - by Scott Smith
    We've all seen the download time running estimate that initially says something like "7 days", but keeps dropping wildly (e.g. "23 hours", "45 minutes", "1 min. 50 sec", etc) with each successive estimation as the chunks are downloaded. To avoid these initial (alarming) estimates, there are techniques one could try like suppressing display of the first n estimates, or waiting for the delta between estimates to drop below some threshold before you start displaying them, but these don't seem like a general, robust solution. There are corner cases involving too few samples, or samples that actually are wildly varying... I think I recall a general solution for this kind of thing in mathematics (statistics?) that reduced or eliminated these wild values. Does anyone know?

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  • Add to SortedSet<T> and its complexity

    - by Andrei Taptunov
    MSDN states the following SortedSet(T).Add Method : If Count is less than the capacity of the internal array, this method is an O(1) operation. Could someone please explain "how so"? I mean when adding new value we need to find a correct place to add a value (comparing it with another values) and internal implementation looks like a "Red-Black tree" with O (log N) insertion complexity.

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  • <function> referenced from; symbol(s) not found.

    - by jfm429
    I have a piece of C code that is used from a C++ function. At the top of my C++ file I have the line: #include "prediction.h" In prediction.h I have this: #ifndef prediction #define prediction #include "structs.h" typedef struct { double estimation; double variance; } response; response runPrediction(int obs, location* positions, double* observations, int targets, location* targetPositions); #endif I also have prediction.c, which has: #include "prediction.h" response runPrediction(int obs, location* positions, double* observations, int targets, location* targetPositions) { // code here } Now, in my C++ file (which as I said includes prediction.h) I call that function, then compile (through Xcode) I get this error: "runPrediction(int, location*, double*, int, location*)", referenced from: mainFrame::respondTo(char*, int)in mainFrame.o ld: symbol(s) not found collect2: ld returned 1 exit status prediction.c is marked for compilation for the current target. I don't have any problems with other .cpp files not being compiled. Any thoughts here?

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  • IContextMenu::GetCommandString Not showing help text in Windows Explorer

    - by Grant
    Hi, i am implementing a shell context menu for windows explorer and have successfully created the menu's. What i am having trouble with is the IContextMenu::GetCommandString method that displays the help text in the status bar when you hover over the selected menu item. When i do hover over each item nothing is displayed, but whats weird is that some of the other items that i didnt create, eg - open, or print have had their help text turned into garbage.. Here is a code sample of IContextMenu::QueryContextMenu & IContextMenu::GetCommandString.. int ShellExtLib.IContextMenu.QueryContextMenu(IntPtr hMenu, uint indexMenu, uint idCmdFirst, uint idCmdLast, uint uFlags) { uint idCmd = idCmdFirst; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(1024); try { if ((uFlags & 0xf) == 0 || (uFlags & (uint)ShellExtLib.CMF.CMF_EXPLORE) != 0) { uint selectedFileCount = Helpers.DragQueryFile(m_hDrop, 0xffffffff, null, 0); if (selectedFileCount == 1) { Helpers.DragQueryFile(m_hDrop, 0, sb, sb.Capacity + 1); Documents.Add(sb.ToString()); } else { // MULTIPLE FILES SELECTED. for (uint i = 0; i < selectedFileCount; i++) { Helpers.DragQueryFile(m_hDrop, i, sb, sb.Capacity + 1); Documents.Add(sb.ToString()); } } Helpers.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu++, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_SEPARATOR | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, 0, null); IntPtr hSubMenu = Helpers.CreateMenu(); if (hSubMenu != IntPtr.Zero) { Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 0, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_STRING | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, "Item 1"); Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 1, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_STRING | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, "Item 2"); Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 2, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_SEPARATOR | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, null); Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 3, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_STRING | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, "Item 3"); Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 4, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_SEPARATOR | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, null); Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 5, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_STRING | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, "Item 4"); Helpers.InsertMenu(hSubMenu, 6, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_STRING | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, idCmd++, "Item 5"); } Helpers.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu++, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_STRING | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_POPUP, (uint)hSubMenu, "Main Menu"); Helpers.InsertMenu(hMenu, indexMenu++, ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_SEPARATOR | ShellExtLib.UFLAGS.MF_BYPOSITION, 0, null); return (int)(idCmd - idCmdFirst); } } catch { } return 0; } void ShellExtLib.IContextMenu.GetCommandString(int idCmd, uint uFlags, int pwReserved, StringBuilder commandString, int cchMax) { switch (uFlags) { case (uint)ShellExtLib.GCS.VERB: commandString = new StringBuilder("x"); break; case (uint)ShellExtLib.GCS.HELPTEXTA: commandString = new StringBuilder("y"); break; } } Does anyone have any suggestions? I have read a number of articles on how to build shell extensions and have also been reading MSDN as well.. Thanks.

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  • Size of a sharepoint web application

    - by Indra
    How do you figure out the current size of the sharepoint web application? Better yet, the size of a site collection or a subsite. I am planning to move a site collection from one farm to another. I need to plan the storage capacity first.

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  • OpenGL Vertex Array/Buffer Objects

    - by sadanjon
    Question 1 Do vertex buffer objects created under a certain VAO deleted once that VAO is deleted? An example: glGenBuffers(1, &bufferObject); glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO); glBindVertexArray(VAO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, bufferObject); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(someVertices), someVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray(positionAttrib); glVertexAttribPointer(positionAttrib, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, NULL); When later calling glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);, will bufferObject be deleted as well? The reason I'm asking is that I saw a few examples over the web that didn't delete those buffer objects. Question 2 What is the maximum amount of memory that I can allocate for buffer objects? It must be system dependent of course, but I can't seem find an estimation for it. What happens when video RAM isn't big enough? How would I know?

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  • Java homework help, Error <identifier> expected

    - by user2900126
    Help with java homework this is my assignment that I have, this assignment code I've tried. But when I try to compile it I keep getting errors which I cant seem to find soloutions too: Error says <identifier> expected for Line 67 public static void () Assignment brief To write a simple java classMobile that models a mobile phone. Details the information stored about each mobile phone will include • Its type e.g. “Sony ericsson x90” or “Samsung Galaxy S”; • Its screen size in inches; You may assume that this a whole number from the scale 3 to 5 inclusive. • Its memory card capacity in gigabytes You may assume that this a whole number • The name of its present service provider You may assume this is a single line of text. • The type of contract with service provider You may assume this is a single line of text. • Its camera resolution in megapixels; You should not assume that this a whole number; • The percentage of charge left on the phone e.g. a fully charged phone will have a charge of 100. You may assume that this a whole number • Whether the phone has GPS or not. Your class will have fields corresponding to these attributes . Start by opening BlueJ, creating a new project called myMobile which has a classMobile and set up the fields that you need, Next you will need to write a Constructor for the class. Assume that each phone is manufactured by creating an object and specifying its type, its screen size, its memory card capacity, its camera resolution and whether it has GPS or not. Therefore you will need a constructor that allows you to pass arguments to initialise these five attributes. Other fields should be set to appropriate default values. You may assume that a new phone comes fully charged. When the phone is sold to its owner, you will need to set the service provider and type of contract with that provider so you will need mutator methods • setProvider () - - to set service provider. • setContractType - - to set the type of contract These methods will be used when the phones provider is changed. You should also write a mutator method ChargeUp () which simulates fully charging the phone. To obtain information about your mobile object you should write • accessor methods corresponding to four of its fields: • getType () – which returns the type of mobile; • getProvider () – which returns the present service provider; • getContractType () – which returns its type of contract; • getCharge () – which returns its remaining charge. An accessor method to printDetails () to print, to the terminal window, a report about the phone e.g. This mobile phone is a sony Erricsson X90 with Service provider BigAl and type of contract PAYG. At present it has 30% of its battery charge remaining. Check that the new method works correctly by for example, • creating a Mobile object and setting its fields; • calling printDetails () and t=checking the report corresponds to the details you have just given the mobile; • changing the service provider and contract type by calling setprovider () and setContractType (); • calling printDetails () and checking the report now prints out the new details. Challenging excercises • write a mutator methodswitchedOnFor () =which simulates using the phone for a specified period. You may assume the phone loses 1% of its charge for each hour that it is switched on . • write an accessor method checkcharge () whichg checks the phone remaing charge. If this charge has a value less than 25%, then this method returns a string containg the message Be aware that you will soon need to re-charge your phone, otherwise it returns a string your phone charge is sufficient. • Write a method changeProvider () which simulates changing the provider (and presumably also the type of service contract). Finally you may add up to four additional fields, with appropriate methods, that might be required in a more detailed model. above is my assignment that I have, this assignment code I've tried. But when I try to oompile it I keep getting errors which I cant seem to find soloutions too: Error says <identifier> expected for Line 67 public static void () /** * to write a simple java class Mobile that models a mobile phone. * * @author (Lewis Burte-Clarke) * @version (14/10/13) */ public class Mobile { // type of phone private String phonetype; // size of screen in inches private int screensize; // menory card capacity private int memorycardcapacity; // name of present service provider private String serviceprovider; // type of contract with service provider private int typeofcontract; // camera resolution in megapixels private int cameraresolution; // the percentage of charge left on the phone private int checkcharge; // wether the phone has GPS or not private String GPS; // instance variables - replace the example below with your own private int x; // The constructor method public Mobile(String mobilephonetype, int mobilescreensize, int mobilememorycardcapacity,int mobilecameraresolution,String mobileGPS, String newserviceprovider) { this.phonetype = mobilephonetype; this.screensize = mobilescreensize; this.memorycardcapacity = mobilememorycardcapacity; this.cameraresolution = mobilecameraresolution; this.GPS = mobileGPS; // you do not use this ones during instantiation,you can remove them if you do not need or assign them some default values //this.serviceprovider = newserviceprovider; //this.typeofcontract = 12; //this.checkcharge = checkcharge; Mobile samsungPhone = new Mobile("Samsung", "1024", "2", "verizon", "8", "GPS"); 1024 = screensize; 2 = memorycardcapacity; 8 = resolution; GPS = gps; "verizon"=serviceprovider; //typeofcontract = 12; //checkcharge = checkcharge; } // A method to display the state of the object to the screen public void displayMobileDetails() { System.out.println("phonetype: " + phonetype); System.out.println("screensize: " + screensize); System.out.println("memorycardcapacity: " + memorycardcapacity); System.out.println("cameraresolution: " + cameraresolution); System.out.println("GPS: " + GPS); System.out.println("serviceprovider: " + serviceprovider); System.out.println("typeofcontract: " + typeofcontract); } /** * The mymobile class implements an application that * simply displays "new Mobile!" to the standard output. */ public class mymobile { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("new Mobile!"); //Display the string. } } public static void buildPhones(){ Mobile Samsung = new Mobile("Samsung", "3.0", "4gb", "8mega pixels", "GPS"); Mobile Blackberry = new Mobile("Blackberry", "3.0", "4gb", "8mega pixels", "GPS"); Samsung.displayMobileDetails(); Blackberry.displayMobileDetails(); } public static void main(String[] args) { buildPhones(); } } any answers.replies and help would be greatly appreciated as I really lost!

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  • How to decrease front end development time in a company/team environment?

    - by metal-gear-solid
    How to decrease front end development time in a company/team environment? My company is asking to suggest idea to make front end development process faster? Some points I realized main problem is client never provide right information at first time and many front end developer works on same project on same CSS so everyone makes his own method sometimes. It increase time of process. Graceful degradation and progressive enhancement both takes time to think and development. should we think about it? it increase the project cost. How to judge time estimation by just seeing a PSD for to make PSD in Cross browser Compatible XHTML CSS. Most of the time I always give less time then then takes more time. Any other suggestions to improve work efficiency in a team (50 people) environment?

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  • How to append to an array that contains blank spaces - Java

    - by Cameron Townley
    I'm trying to append to a char[] array that contains blank spaces on the end. The char array for example contains the characters 'aaa'. When I append the first time the method functions properly and outputs 'aaabbb'. The initial capacity of the array is set to 80 or multiples of 80. The second time I try and append my output looks like"aaabbb bbb". Any psuedocode would be great.

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  • Java error - not a statement, what does this mean?

    - by user2898828
    I am trying to get my code to create the new constructor objects which I require to create a mobile phone object. I have tried naming the constuctor fields to create the object. when I compile my code on this line this.Mobile samsungPhone = new Mobile("Samsung", 1, 2, "verizon", 3 "GPS"); I get this error: not a statement, what does this mean?? UPDATED CODE! my code: /** * to write a simple java class Mobile that models a mobile phone. * * @author (Lewis Burte-Clarke) * @version (14/10/13) */ public class Mobile { // type of phone private String phonetype; // size of screen in inches private int screensize; // menory card capacity private int memorycardcapacity; // name of present service provider private String serviceprovider; // type of contract with service provider private int typeofcontract; // camera resolution in megapixels private int cameraresolution; // the percentage of charge left on the phone private int checkcharge; // wether the phone has GPS or not private String GPS; // instance variables - replace the example below with your own private int x; // The constructor method public Mobile(String mobilephonetype, int mobilescreensize, int mobilememorycardcapacity,int mobilecameraresolution,String mobileGPS, String newserviceprovider) { this.phonetype = mobilephonetype; this.screensize = mobilescreensize; this.memorycardcapacity = mobilememorycardcapacity; this.cameraresolution = mobilecameraresolution; this.GPS = mobileGPS; this.serviceprovider = newserviceprovider; this.typeofcontract = 12; this.checkcharge = checkcharge; // you do not use this ones during instantiation,you can remove them if you do not need or assign them some default values Mobile samsungPhone = new Mobile("Samsung", 1, 2, "verizon", 3, "GPS"); 1024 = screen size; 2 = memory card capacity; 3=resolution; GPS = gps; "verizon"=service provider; typeofcontract = 12; checkcharge = checkcharge; } } // A method to display the state of the object to the screen public void displayMobileDetails() { System.out.println("phonetype: " + phonetype); System.out.println("screensize: " + screensize); System.out.println("memorycardcapacity: " + memorycardcapacity); System.out.println("cameraresolution: " + cameraresolution); System.out.println("GPS: " + GPS); System.out.println("serviceprovider: " + serviceprovider); System.out.println("typeofcontract: " + typeofcontract); } } class mymobile { public static void) { Mobile Samsung = new Mobile("Samsung", 1, 2, "verizon", 3, "GPS"); Mobile Blackberry = new Mobile("Blackberry", "3.", "4","8", "GPS"); Samsung.displayMobileDetails(); Blackberry.displayMobileDetails(); } } any answers and replies would be greatly appreciated!

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  • ListItemCollection is limited to 127 items?

    - by HeavyWave
    I am trying to add a lot of item to ListItemCollection in the ListControl, but once the Count reaches 127 I can't add any more items. It doesn't throw any exceptions, just doesn't add the items. I have changed Capacity to 256, but it still won't add more than 127 items. Is there a hard-coded limit?

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  • storing characters in char data type C language

    - by iSight
    Hi, I can store string of few length in char data type. But when it exceeds its capacity what can be the alternative way to store string. I am using char data type. void setString(char* inPoints) { if (strcmp(mPoints, inPoints)!= ZERO) { if (mPoints) { free(mPoints); } mPoints = (char*)malloc((strlen(inPoints) + 1) * sizeof(char)); strcpy(mPoints, inPoints); } }

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  • How to set a global CURL rate(speed) limit?

    - by Mint
    I had a look around for the CURL settings file but didn't find it in /etc/ and didn't find much on the curl site ether... So basically what I want to do set a maximum speed limit that curl can upload at (no matter how many instances of it are running) so that my server has some upload capacity left for other tasks.

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  • Prevent auto mounting Android sdcard under Linux Mint

    - by BullShark
    I recently obtained an older Android phone, so that I could test Android Apps on it. I've needed it because I have a Nexus 7 but not older Android versions, hardware, etc. to test on. I'm having a problem with it under Linux Mint with Cinnamon. When I plug the phone in, or remove and plug the sdcard from the phone back to it while the phone is plugged in, Linux automatically mounts the sdcard. This is a problem because once it is mounted under Linux, it dismounts from the phone running Android 2.3.5, and I can no longer test Android Apps I write that require the sdcard to be present, writable. I went to Menu System Tools System Settings System Details Removable Media, and it brings up this window. I have changed the settings to always "Ask what to do" on "Select how media should be handled". However, the sdcard still gets mounted and then I am asked how I want to open these files (media players, photo importers, file browser, etc.). If I click the checkbox for "Never prompt or start programs on media insertion", then the sdcard is mounted, and I am not asked how to open these files. Eject is just a noob word for Ubuntu users that means umount (unmount) like "Adminstrator" is another ubuntu noob word for the root user. And if I unmount the sdcard, the phone doesn't recognize it again until I take the sdcard out and plug it back in. The phone sees it for a brief moment until Linux Mint takes it over. There are 2 possible solutions and maybe more: 1) Prevent Linux from automounting sdcards some how 2) Tell Android not to allow the computer it is plugged into to take over the sdcard, HOW? Edit: I found out how to prevent the sdcard from being automatically mounted: Now it gets recognized by Linux: bullshark@beastlinux ~ $ dmesg | tail -n 25 [597212.218323] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk [597212.218639] sr 21:0:0:1: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr2 [597212.218910] sr 21:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg7 type 5 [597217.139373] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] 3862528 512-byte logical blocks: (1.97 GB/1.84 GiB) [597217.140726] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] No Caching mode page present [597217.140735] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Assuming drive cache: write through [597217.143595] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] No Caching mode page present [597217.143602] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Assuming drive cache: write through [597217.152240] sde: sde1 [597389.751008] 4:2:1: cannot get freq at ep 0x84 [597390.238742] 4:2:1: cannot get freq at ep 0x84 [597624.903132] sde: detected capacity change from 1977614336 to 0 [597637.677763] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] 3862528 512-byte logical blocks: (1.97 GB/1.84 GiB) [597637.679616] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] No Caching mode page present [597637.679626] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Assuming drive cache: write through [597637.682508] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] No Caching mode page present [597637.682515] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Assuming drive cache: write through [597637.692758] sde: sde1 [597661.857979] sde: detected capacity change from 1977614336 to 0 [597688.775455] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] 3862528 512-byte logical blocks: (1.97 GB/1.84 GiB) [597688.776814] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] No Caching mode page present [597688.776823] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Assuming drive cache: write through [597688.780055] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] No Caching mode page present [597688.780062] sd 21:0:0:0: [sde] Assuming drive cache: write through [597688.788639] sde: sde1 bullshark@beastlinux ~ $ However, the phone still unmounts the sdcard upon being detected by Linux. Linux detects but does not mount, and a few seconds later: Edit #2 (Solution): I solved this one by changing the usb connection type (was usb mass storage) :

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  • C# 4: The Curious ConcurrentDictionary

    - by James Michael Hare
    In my previous post (here) I did a comparison of the new ConcurrentQueue versus the old standard of a System.Collections.Generic Queue with simple locking.  The results were exactly what I would have hoped, that the ConcurrentQueue was faster with multi-threading for most all situations.  In addition, concurrent collections have the added benefit that you can enumerate them even if they're being modified. So I set out to see what the improvements would be for the ConcurrentDictionary, would it have the same performance benefits as the ConcurrentQueue did?  Well, after running some tests and multiple tweaks and tunes, I have good and bad news. But first, let's look at the tests.  Obviously there's many things we can do with a dictionary.  One of the most notable uses, of course, in a multi-threaded environment is for a small, local in-memory cache.  So I set about to do a very simple simulation of a cache where I would create a test class that I'll just call an Accessor.  This accessor will attempt to look up a key in the dictionary, and if the key exists, it stops (i.e. a cache "hit").  However, if the lookup fails, it will then try to add the key and value to the dictionary (i.e. a cache "miss").  So here's the Accessor that will run the tests: 1: internal class Accessor 2: { 3: public int Hits { get; set; } 4: public int Misses { get; set; } 5: public Func<int, string> GetDelegate { get; set; } 6: public Action<int, string> AddDelegate { get; set; } 7: public int Iterations { get; set; } 8: public int MaxRange { get; set; } 9: public int Seed { get; set; } 10:  11: public void Access() 12: { 13: var randomGenerator = new Random(Seed); 14:  15: for (int i=0; i<Iterations; i++) 16: { 17: // give a wide spread so will have some duplicates and some unique 18: var target = randomGenerator.Next(1, MaxRange); 19:  20: // attempt to grab the item from the cache 21: var result = GetDelegate(target); 22:  23: // if the item doesn't exist, add it 24: if(result == null) 25: { 26: AddDelegate(target, target.ToString()); 27: Misses++; 28: } 29: else 30: { 31: Hits++; 32: } 33: } 34: } 35: } Note that so I could test different implementations, I defined a GetDelegate and AddDelegate that will call the appropriate dictionary methods to add or retrieve items in the cache using various techniques. So let's examine the three techniques I decided to test: Dictionary with mutex - Just your standard generic Dictionary with a simple lock construct on an internal object. Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim - Same Dictionary, but now using a lock designed to let multiple readers access simultaneously and then locked when a writer needs access. ConcurrentDictionary - The new ConcurrentDictionary from System.Collections.Concurrent that is supposed to be optimized to allow multiple threads to access safely. So the approach to each of these is also fairly straight-forward.  Let's look at the GetDelegate and AddDelegate implementations for the Dictionary with mutex lock: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: lock (_mutex) 4: { 5: _dictionary[key] = val; 6: } 7: }; 8: var getDelegate = (key) => 9: { 10: lock (_mutex) 11: { 12: string val; 13: return _dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val) ? val : null; 14: } 15: }; Nothing new or fancy here, just your basic lock on a private object and then query/insert into the Dictionary. Now, for the Dictionary with ReadWriteLockSlim it's a little more complex: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _readerWriterLock.EnterWriteLock(); 4: _dictionary[key] = val; 5: _readerWriterLock.ExitWriteLock(); 6: }; 7: var getDelegate = (key) => 8: { 9: string val; 10: _readerWriterLock.EnterReadLock(); 11: if(!_dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out val)) 12: { 13: val = null; 14: } 15: _readerWriterLock.ExitReadLock(); 16: return val; 17: }; And finally, the ConcurrentDictionary, which since it does all it's own concurrency control, is remarkably elegant and simple: 1: var addDelegate = (key,val) => 2: { 3: _concurrentDictionary[key] = val; 4: }; 5: var getDelegate = (key) => 6: { 7: string s; 8: return _concurrentDictionary.TryGetValue(key, out s) ? s : null; 9: };                    Then, I set up a test harness that would simply ask the user for the number of concurrent Accessors to attempt to Access the cache (as specified in Accessor.Access() above) and then let them fly and see how long it took them all to complete.  Each of these tests was run with 10,000,000 cache accesses divided among the available Accessor instances.  All times are in milliseconds. 1: Dictionary with Mutex Locking 2: --------------------------------------------------- 3: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 4: 1 7916 3285 5: 10 8293 3481 6: 100 8799 3532 7: 1000 8815 3584 8:  9:  10: Dictionary with ReaderWriterLockSlim Locking 11: --------------------------------------------------- 12: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 13: 1 8445 3624 14: 10 11002 4119 15: 100 11076 3992 16: 1000 14794 4861 17:  18:  19: Concurrent Dictionary 20: --------------------------------------------------- 21: Accessors Mostly Misses Mostly Hits 22: 1 17443 3726 23: 10 14181 1897 24: 100 15141 1994 25: 1000 17209 2128 The first test I did across the board is the Mostly Misses category.  The mostly misses (more adds because data requested was not in the dictionary) shows an interesting trend.  In both cases the Dictionary with the simple mutex lock is much faster, and the ConcurrentDictionary is the slowest solution.  But this got me thinking, and a little research seemed to confirm it, maybe the ConcurrentDictionary is more optimized to concurrent "gets" than "adds".  So since the ratio of misses to hits were 2 to 1, I decided to reverse that and see the results. So I tweaked the data so that the number of keys were much smaller than the number of iterations to give me about a 2 to 1 ration of hits to misses (twice as likely to already find the item in the cache than to need to add it).  And yes, indeed here we see that the ConcurrentDictionary is indeed faster than the standard Dictionary here.  I have a strong feeling that as the ration of hits-to-misses gets higher and higher these number gets even better as well.  This makes sense since the ConcurrentDictionary is read-optimized. Also note that I tried the tests with capacity and concurrency hints on the ConcurrentDictionary but saw very little improvement, I think this is largely because on the 10,000,000 hit test it quickly ramped up to the correct capacity and concurrency and thus the impact was limited to the first few milliseconds of the run. So what does this tell us?  Well, as in all things, ConcurrentDictionary is not a panacea.  It won't solve all your woes and it shouldn't be the only Dictionary you ever use.  So when should we use each? Use System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary when: You need a single-threaded Dictionary (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary that is loaded only once at creation and never modified (no locking needed). You need a multi-threaded Dictionary to store items where writes are far more prevalent than reads (locking needed). And use System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary when: You need a multi-threaded Dictionary where the writes are far more prevalent than reads. You need to be able to iterate over the collection without locking it even if its being modified. Both Dictionaries have their strong suits, I have a feeling this is just one where you need to know from design what you hope to use it for and make your decision based on that criteria.

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