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  • What does mathematics have to do with programming?

    - by Rory
    I just started a diploma in software development. Right now we're starting out with basic Java and such (so right from the bottom you might say) - which is fine, I have no programming experience apart from knowing how to do "Hello World" in Java. I keep hearing that mathematics is pertinent to coding, but how is it so? What general examples would show how mathematics and programming go together, or are reliant on one another? I apologize of my question is vague, I'm barely starting to get a rough idea of the kind of world I'm stepping into as a code monkey student...

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  • What is the use of Association, Aggregation and Composition (Encapsulation) in Classes

    - by SahilMahajanMj
    I have gone through lots of theories about what is encapsulation and the three techniques of implementing it, which are Association, Aggregation and Composition. What i found is, Encapsulation Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class. For this reason, encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding. Encapsulation can be described as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data being randomly accessed by other code defined outside the class. Access to the data and code is tightly controlled by an interface. The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code without breaking the code of others who use our code. With this feature Encapsulation gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code. Association Association is a relationship where all object have their own lifecycle and there is no owner. Let’s take an example of Teacher and Student. Multiple students can associate with single teacher and single student can associate with multiple teachers but there is no ownership between the objects and both have their own lifecycle. Both can create and delete independently. Aggregation Aggregation is a specialize form of Association where all object have their own lifecycle but there is ownership and child object can not belongs to another parent object. Let’s take an example of Department and teacher. A single teacher can not belongs to multiple departments, but if we delete the department teacher object will not destroy. We can think about “has-a” relationship. Composition Composition is again specialize form of Aggregation and we can call this as a “death” relationship. It is a strong type of Aggregation. Child object dose not have their lifecycle and if parent object deletes all child object will also be deleted. Let’s take again an example of relationship between House and rooms. House can contain multiple rooms there is no independent life of room and any room can not belongs to two different house if we delete the house room will automatically delete. The question is: Now these all are real world examples. I am looking for some description about how to use these techniques in actual class code. I mean what is the point for using three different techniques for encapsulation, How these techniques could be implemented and How to choose which technique is applicable at time.

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  • looking for a short explanation of fuzzy logic

    - by user613326
    Well i got the idea that basics of fuzzy logic are not that hard to grasp. And i got the feeling that someone might explain it to me in like 30 minutes. Just like i understand neural networks and am able to re-create the famous Xor problem. And go just beyond it and create 3 layer networks of x nodes. I'd like to understand fuzzy till a similar usefully level, in c# language. However the problem is face, I'd like to get concept right however i see many websites who include lots of errors in their basic explaining. Like for example showing pictures and use different numbers as shown in pictures to calculate, as if lots of people just copied stuff without noticing what they write down. While others for me go to deep in their math notation) To me that's very annoying to learn from. For me there is no need to re-invent wheel; Aforge already got a fuzzy logic framework. So what i am looking for are some good examples, good examples like how the neural XOR problem is solved. Is there anyone such a instructional resource out there; do you know a web page, or YouTube where it is shortly explained, what would you recommend me ? Note this article comes close; but it just doesnt nail it for me. After that i downloaded a bunch of free PDF's but most are academic and hard to read for me (i'm not English and dont have a special math degree). (i've been looking around a lot for this, good starter material about it is hard to find).

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  • Should I start MCPD training now or wait for new exams?

    - by lunchmeat317
    i apologize if this question has been asked before, or if this is the wrong place to put it. I'm beginning my study track for the MCPD certification in Web Development. However, Microsoft plans to retire this certification on July 31st of 2013, along with two of the necessary tests to receive the certification. On MS's site, I can't find a newer certification path to take - I imagine that Microsoft will release new certification paths and new tests for their new software, but I don't know when that will happen. I don't really know anything about Microsoft's process, as this is the first Microsoft certification I'll be studying for. The bottom line is this - I don't want to lose six months waiting for a new test to appear that won't expire, but I don't want to rush to get a certification that will be invalid in six months (or have to reset any progress due to new study material). To those with experience in affairs like this - what is the best course to take, and can I maximize the time I have now (not wait for new testing material)? Is there any way to find material for the new tests that Microsoft will be rolling out? Thank you for your patience. If this is the wrong place to put this question, I would like to request that it be moved to the correct StackExchange site instead of being closed. Thanks for your help!

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  • Why create a Huffman tree per character instead of a Node?

    - by Omega
    For a school assignment we're supposed to make a Java implementation of a compressor/decompresser using Huffman's algorithm. I've been reading a bit about it, specially this C++ tutorial: http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/computersciencetheory/huffman.html In my program, I've been thinking about having Nodes that have the following properties: Total Frequency Character (if a leaf) Right child (if any) Left child (if any) Parent (if any) So when building the Huffman tree, it is just a matter of linking a node to others, etc. However, I'm a bit confused with the following quote (emphasis mine): First, every letter starts off as part of its own tree and the trees are ordered by the frequency of the letters in the original string. Then the two least-frequently used letters are combined into a single tree, and the frequency of that tree is set to be the combined frequency of the two trees that it links together. My question: why should I create a tree per letter, instead of just a node per letter and then do the linking later? I have not begun coding, I'm just studying the algorithm first, so I guess I'm missing an important detail. What is it?

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  • Grouping a comma separated value on common data [closed]

    - by Ankit
    I have a table with col1 id int, col2 as varchar (comma separated values) and column 3 for assigning group to them. Table looks like col1 col2 group .............................. 1 2,3,4 2 5,6 3 1,2,5 4 7,8 5 11,3 6 22,8 This is only the sample of real data, now I have to assign a group no to them in such a way that output looks like col1 col2 group .............................. 1 2,3,4 1 2 5,6 1 3 1,2,5 1 4 7,8 2 5 11,3 1 6 22,8 2 The logic for assigning group no is that every similar comma separated value of string in col2 have to be same group no as every where in col2 where '2' is there it has to be same group no but the complication is that 2,3,4 are together so they all three int value if found in any where in col2 will be assigned same group. The major part is 2,3,4 and 1,2,5 both in col2 have 2 so all int 1,2,3,4,5 have to assign same group no. Tried store procedure with match against on col2 but not getting desired result Most imp (I can't use normalization, because I can't afford to make new table from my original table which have millions of records), even normalization is not helpful in my context. This question is also on stackoverflow with bounty on this link Achieved so far:- I have set the group column auto increment and then wrote this procedure:- BEGIN declare cil1_new,col2_new,group_new int; declare done tinyint default 0; declare group_new varchar(100); declare cur1 cursor for select col1,col2,`group` from company ; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1; open cur1; REPEAT fetch cur1 into col1_new,col2_new,group_new; update company set group=group_new where match(col2) against(concat("'",col2_new,"'")); until done end repeat; close cur1; select * from company; END This procedure is working, no syntax mistake but the problem is that I am not achieving the desired result exactly.

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  • Are there any drawbacks to the Major.Minor.YMDD.Build version strategy?

    - by Chu
    I'm trying to come up with a good version strategy to fit our specific needs. We've proposed settling on this and I wanted to ask the question to see if anyone's experience would suggest avoiding this or altering it in any way. Here's our proposal: Versions are released in this format: MAJOR.MINOR.YMDD.BN. Here it is broken out: MAJOR & MINOR are typical; we'll increase MINOR when we feel code and new feature sets warrants it; once every few months most likely. MAJOR will increase ~yearly. YMDD: Y will be the last digit of the current year, so "1" for 2011, "2" for 2012, etc. A non-padded month will be used to keep the number smaller (9 instead of 09 for example). DD of course is the day, padded with a zero for days under 10. BN: BN is the build number and increases by one anytime we make a change to a branch of the code represented by the build, for example: If were to make a build today, our release would be version 5.0.1707.1. I release to QA today and 3 days from now QA finds that a change broke the save functionality on a page. Instead of me changing our current development code, I'd go back to the code that I used to create version 5.0.1707.1, make the fix there, then increase the BN portion of the version and would then re-release 5.0.1707.2 back to QA. In short, anytime a change is made to a branched version that isn't the active dev branch, we'd use the original version number and increase only the BN portion (even if the change happened 3 days, 3 weeks or 3 months from the initial release of that version). Anytime we make a new release from our Active dev branch, we'd come up with a new version based on the M/D of the release using the outlined strategy. We do this once every 2-3 weeks. Are there holes or pitfalls with this? If so, what are they? Thanks EDIT To clarify one point that I didn't get out very well - Oct/Nov/Dec will be two digits, it's only the year that won't be. So 9 for Sept, 10 for Oct, 11 for Nov, etc.

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  • Where should libraries be placed, in windows?

    - by Gabriel Diaconescu
    I have just moved from Linux to Windows, and I have to use the Zend Framework library. Where should the library be placed? Directly on C drive Create a lib folder like C:/lib/ Create a lib folder in my user folder I am wondering if there is a classic folder where these kind of libraries are placed. Update:I am asking about the location on my own standpoint. The Zend Framework library is a PHP framework.

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  • What is the difference between development and R&D?

    - by MainMa
    I was asked by a colleague to explain clearly the difference between ordinary development and research and development (R&D) and was unable to do it. After reading Wikipedia, I still don't have the precise answer. According to Wikipedia (slightly modified): There are two primary models: In one model, the primary function is to develop new products; in the other model, the primary function is to discover and create new knowledge about scientific and technological topics for the purpose of uncovering and enabling development of valuable new products, processes, and services. The first model is confusing. Does it mean that development (not R&D) consists exclusively in adding new features to a product, solving bugs and doing maintenance? What if something which was previously developed as a new feature becomes a separate product? The second model is less confusing, but still, how to qualify whether something is new knowledge or existent knowledge which is just rediscovered? Later, Wikipedia adds that ordinary development is different from R&D because of its: nearly immediate profit or immediate improvement. It's still not clear enough. How to qualify "nearly immediate profit"? What if a task has an immediate profit but requires heavy research? Or if it is basic but has uncertain profit, like the enforcement of a common style over the codebase? For example, does it belong to development or R&D to: Develop an engine which abstracts the access to the database, simplifying and shortening enormously the code of other applications (existent or ones which will be written in future) which should access to the database? Establish a new service-oriented architecture for the entire organization of company resources, in order to move from a bunch of separate and autonomous applications to a set of well-organized, interconnected web services, like what is used by Amazon? Design a new communication protocol to allow faster replication of data between two data centers of the company? Conceive a new type of software testing while working on a specific product, knowing that this type of testing will improve/simplify the testing process? Prove that Functional programming is more appropriate than OOP for a specific application, based on evidence, logic and previous experience? Enhance the existent application by adding gestures on tactile screens, after doing studies and testing that shows that those gestures improve the productivity of the users by a ratio of at least 1.4 for a precise set of tasks? Find a way to strongly enhance the Power usage effectiveness (PUE) of a data center? Create a Domain-Specific Language (DSL)? In short, how could I determine whether I'm doing R&D while working on something?

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  • Open source projects, how to choose?!

    - by Dhaivat Pandya
    I would like to join an open source project since I think I am good enough at programming to progress onto reading others code and to modify it. But the proble mis, how would I choose an open source project to work on? I know many languages and chief ones that I am good are python, C++ (not really very good at C, the lack of object orientation is difficult for me) and Java. For c++, I am proficient wit Qt. I would like to start with something that isn't huge, and hasn't reached a phase where the bugs are so complicated it would take me a month to understand what affects the bug. Any suggestions? At the current time, I don't use any libraries in either of the mentioned libraries that I would need to modify (AFAIK).

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  • Using JDBC to asynchronously read large Oracle table

    - by Ben George
    What strategies can be used to read every row in a large Oracle table, only once, but as fast as possible with JDBC & Java ? Consider that each row has non-trivial amounts of data (30 columns, including large text in some columns). Some strategies I can think of are: Single thread and read table. (Too slow, but listed for clarity) Read the id's into ConcurrentLinkedQueue, use threads to consume queue and query by id in batches. Read id's into a JMS queue, use workers to consume queue and query by id in batches. What other strategies could be used ? For the purpose of this question assume processing of rows to be free.

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  • How to tell your boss that his programming style is really bad?

    - by Roflcoptr
    I'm a student and in my spare time I'm working for a big enterprise as Java developer. The job is good, but the problem is, my boss is writing very strange code. I don't want to complain, but some issues are in my opinion really strange. For example: he doesn't know any booleans. All boolean conditions are Strings called "YesOrNo" and then in the condition he uses if (YesOrNo == "Yes") there are a lot of very strange characters in method names and variables like é õ ô or è all loops are infinite loops in the style of for(;;). Then at the end of the loop the condition is tested and if the conditions is fulfilled break; is called. I don't now if I should tell him that I think this isn't a good practice, since he is my boss and decides how and what to do. On the other hand some of this examples are really very weird. Any hints how to cope with? And is this only me who thinks that's bad style?

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  • Is it OK to use dynamic typing to reduce the amount of variables in scope?

    - by missingno
    Often, when I am initializing something I have to use a temporary variable, for example: file_str = "path/to/file" file_file = open(file) or regexp_parts = ['foo', 'bar'] regexp = new RegExp( regexp_parts.join('|') ) However, I like to reduce the scope my variables to the smallest scope possible so there is less places where they can be (mis-)used. For example, I try to use for(var i ...) in C++ so the loop variable is confined to the loop body. In these initialization cases, if I am using a dynamic language, I am then often tempted to reuse the same variable in order to prevent the initial (and now useless) value from being used latter in the function. file = "path/to/file" file = open(file) regexp = ['...', '...'] regexp = new RegExp( regexp.join('|') ) The idea is that by reducing the number of variables in scope I reduce the chances to misuse them. However this sometimes makes the variable names look a little weird, as in the first example, where "file" refers to a "filename". I think perhaps this would be a non issue if I could use non-nested scopes begin scope1 filename = ... begin scope2 file = open(filename) end scope1 //use file here //can't use filename on accident end scope2 but I can't think of any programming language that supports this. What rules of thumb should I use in this situation? When is it best to reuse the variable? When is it best to create an extra variable? What other ways do we solve this scope problem?

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  • Single Responsibility Principle Implementation

    - by Mike S
    In my spare time, I've been designing a CMS in order to learn more about actual software design and architecture, etc. Going through the SOLID principles, I already notice that ideas like "MVC", "DRY", and "KISS", pretty much fall right into place. That said, I'm still having problems deciding if one of two implementations is the best choice when it comes to the Single Responsibility Principle. Implementation #1: class User getName getPassword getEmail // etc... class UserManager create read update delete class Session start stop class Login main class Logout main class Register main The idea behind this implementation is that all user-based actions are separated out into different classes (creating a possible case of the aptly-named Ravioli Code), but following the SRP to a "tee", almost literally. But then I thought that it was a bit much, and came up with this next implementation class UserView extends View getLogin //Returns the html for the login screen getShortLogin //Returns the html for an inline login bar getLogout //Returns the html for a logout button getRegister //Returns the html for a register page // etc... as needed class UserModel extends DataModel implements IDataModel // Implements no new methods yet, outside of the interface methods // Haven't figured out anything special to go here at the moment // All CRUD operations are handled by DataModel // through methods implemented by the interface class UserControl extends Control implements IControl login logout register startSession stopSession class User extends DataObject getName getPassword getEmail // etc... This is obviously still very organized, and still very "single responsibility". The User class is a data object that I can manipulate data on and then pass to the UserModel to save it to the database. All the user data rendering (what the user will see) is handled by UserView and it's methods, and all the user actions are in one space in UserControl (plus some automated stuff required by the CMS to keep a user logged in or to ensure that they stay out.) I personally can't think of anything wrong with this implementation either. In my personal feelings I feel that both are effectively correct, but I can't decide which one would be easier to maintain and extend as life goes on (despite leaning towards Implementation #1.) So what about you guys? What are your opinions on this? Which one is better? What basics (or otherwise, nuances) of that principle have I missed in either design?

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  • C: What is a good source to teach standard/basic code conventions to someone newly learning the language ?

    - by shan23
    I'm tutoring someone who can be described as a rank newcomer in C. Understandably, she does not know much about coding conventions generally practiced, and hence all her programs tend to use single letter vars, mismatched spacing/indentation and the like, making it very difficult to read/debug her endeavors. My question is, is there a link/set of guidelines and examples which she can use for adopting basic code conventions ? It should not be too arcane as to scare her off, yet inclusive enough to have the basics covered (so that no one woulc wince looking at the code). Any suggestions ?

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  • What does the English word "for" exactly mean in "for" loops?

    - by kol
    English is not my first language, but since the keywords in programming languages are English words, I usually find it easy to read source code as English sentences: if (x > 10) f(); = "If variable x is greater than 10, then call function f." while (i < 10) ++i; = "While variable i is less than 10, increase i by 1." But how a for loop is supposed to be read? for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) f(i); = ??? I mean, I know what a for loop is and how it works. My problem is only that I don't know what the English word "for" exactly means in for loops.

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  • Which programming language could I use for Natural Language Processing to extract clinical words?

    - by MACEE
    I am going to do entity extraction (like Named Entity Recognition) from clinical free text (unstructured raw text such as discharge summaries) and these entities could be any medical problem, medical tests or treatments. I am going to use one of i2b2 datasets (https://www.i2b2.org/) if case you are familiar with that. I am new to the NLP(Natural Language Processing) field and I need a programming language to support NLP tasks and also easily connect to the available libraries of machine learning algorithms like CRF. I don't know much java and I heard about Python, Perl and Scala but I am not sure which one would be the best option for this task?

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  • Basics of ERP for dummies

    - by DarenW
    A situation has arisen where (if I don't scream and run away) I will be involved in an ERP system. This project will be using OpenERP specifically. My background is entirely science/engineering/music/games/art/whatever. I've never set foot in the realm of business systems or anything describable with the word "enterprise". What is a good introduction to the whole ERP concept, OpenERP and business systems in general suitable for those with flat zero experience in that world? The ideal intro would explain, from no assumptions, what the main ideas are, terminology, they style of work and thinking of people in that world, and maybe some concrete suggestions how one can tinker around with a copy of OpenERP to gain basic familiarity.

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  • Java EE Web Services study guides

    - by Marthin
    I´m going for the Java EE 6 Web Services Developer certificat but I´m having a hard time to find som solid study guides and mock exams. I already have the JPA and very soon EJB cert so i´m not new to this stuff but I´v looked at coderanch and other places but all information seems a bit outdated. So any tips for books, mock exams free or not, tutorials or other guides would be very much appreciated. EDIT: I will of course read all JSR´s needed.

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  • how to upload & preview multiple images at single input and store in to php mysql [closed]

    - by Nilesh Sonawane
    This is nilesh , i am newcomer in this field , i need the script for when i click the upload button then uploaded images it should preview and store into db like wise i want to upload 10 images at same page using php mysql . #div { border:3px dashed #CCC; width:500px; min-height:100px; height:auto; text-align:center: } Multi-Images Uploader '.$f.''; } } } ? </div> <br> <font color='#3d3d3d' size='small'>By: Ahmed Hussein</font> this script select multiple images and then uplod , but i need to upload at a time only one image which preview and store into database like wise min 10 image user can upload .......

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  • Why is C++ often the first language taught in college?

    - by Casey Patton
    My school starts the computer science curriculum with C++ programming courses, meaning this is the first language that many of the students learn. I've seen that many people dislike C++, and I've read a variety of reasons why. It almost seems to be popular opinion that C++ isn't a very good language. I get the impression it's not very liked based on some questions on StackExchange as well as posts such as: http://damienkatz.net/2004/08/why-c-sucks.html http://blogs.kde.org/node/2298 http://blogs.cio.com/esther_schindler/linus_torvalds_why_c_sucks http://www.dacris.com/blog/2010/02/16/why-c-sucks-part-2/ etc. (Note: It is not my opinion that C++ is a bad language. In fact, it's the main language I use. However, the internet as well as some professors have given me the impression that it's not a very widely liked language. In fact, one of my professor constantly rags on C++, yet it's still the starting language at my college!) With that in mind, why is this the first language taught at many schools? What are the reasons for starting a programming curriculum with C++? Note: This question is similar to "Is C++ suitable as a first language", but is a little different since I'm not interested in whether it's suitable, but why it's been chosen.

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  • What are safe keys to remap in vim?

    - by Weeble
    So far I've been trying to use Vim in as vanilla a configuration as possible, so as to save myself hassle when moving between machines. However, there are a few things I'd really like to bind keys, such as to shorten "_diwP which I use often to delete the word under the cursor and replace it with one from the clipboard. Are there any particular keys that are conventionally reserved for user-defined mappings? The point of this question is mostly that I would like to avoid hassle later on when I decide to install some plugin or take my configuration files to vim on another OS and find that my key mappings clash with something else.

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  • Is it common practice to hire third parties to do code reviews for contractors?

    - by blueberryfields
    I recently observed some contract offers which included a "code review by third party" clause - the contract would not pay out fully until the code review was completed and it received a pass. I was surprised, especially considering that these were fairly simple, and small-scale contracts (churning out vanity apps for the iPhone). Is this kind of third-party code review a common thing to run into when contracting out as a programmer?

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  • Organizing MVC entities communication

    - by Stefano Borini
    I have the following situation. Imagine you have a MainWindow object who is layouting two different widgets, ListWidget and DisplayWidget. ListWidget is populated with data from the disk. DisplayWidget shows the details of the selection the user performs in the ListWidget. I am planning to do the following: in MainWindow I have the following objects: ListWidget ListView ListModel ListController ListView is initialized passing the ListWidget. ListViewController is initialized passing the View and the Model. Same happens for the DisplayWidget: DisplayWidget DisplayView DisplayModel DisplayController I initialize the DisplayView with the widget, and initialize the Model with the ListController. I do this because the DisplayModel wraps the ListController to get the information about the current selection, and the data to be displayed in the DisplayView. I am very rusty with MVC, being out of UI programming since a while. Is this the expected interaction layout for having different MVC triplets communicate ? In other words, MVC focus on the interaction of three objects. How do you put this interaction as a whole into a larger context of communication with other similar entities, MVC or not ?

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  • Resources about cross platform application development in ANSI C [closed]

    - by Anindya Chatterjee
    Where can I get good resources for learning cross platform application development in plain ISO/ANSI C? I have cygwin and eclipse cdt with me to start in my win7 pc. I just need a couple of good resources containing all the best practices and techniques to write good and robust and scalable cross platform application. I am totally new to this cross platform business, no prior idea. Want to learn it in a proper way from the very beginning. Please help me out here.

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