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• How do I know which include path will be used in PHP?

  - by Joe Majewski

  When I run phpinfo() and look by the Configuration category under PHP Core, I see a directive titled include_path, with a local value and a master value. In this case, my local value is set to .: ./include: ../include: /usr/share/php: /usr/share/php/smarty: /usr/share/pear and my master value is set to .: /usr/share/php: /usr/share/pear: /usr/share/php/pear: /usr/share/php/smarty The reason I am trying to learn how this works is because there is a file in the system I am working on titled Smarty.class.php, which I'm sure sounds very familiar to anyone who uses Smarty Templating Engine. One of the PHP files has the following includes: require_once("Smarty.class.php"); require_once("user_info_class.inc"); The file user_info_class.inc is in the same directory as the file making the include, which makes perfect sense to me, and is the way that I've always referenced files. I decided that I wanted to open up the Smarty.class.php file and had assumed it would be in the same directory, but it was not. After doing a bit of digging, I discovered those php_ini variables, and was finally able to locate the file in the directory usr/share/php/smarty/. So it would seem that when making an include, it follows some sort of order between the Local and Master values for the include_path. Assuming that my deductions were correct thus far, can someone explain the order in which PHP searches for the files to be included?

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• How are declared private ivars different from synthesized ivars?

  - by lemnar

  I know that the modern Objective-C runtime can synthesize ivars. I thought that synthesized ivars behaved exactly like declared ivars that are marked @private, but they don't. As a result, come code compiles only under the modern runtime that I expected would work on either. For example, a superclass: @interface A : NSObject { #if !__OBJC2__ @private NSString *_c; #endif } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *d; @end @implementation A @synthesize d=_c; - (void)dealloc { [_c release]; [super dealloc]; } @end and a subclass: @interface B : A { #if !__OBJC2__ @private NSString *_c; #endif } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *e; @end @implementation B @synthesize e=_c; - (void)dealloc { [_c release]; [super dealloc]; } @end A subclass can't have a declared ivar with the same name as one of its superclass's declared ivars, even if the superclass's ivar is private. This seems to me like a violation of the meaning of @private, since the subclass is affected by the superclass's choice of something private. What I'm more concerned about, however, is how should I think about synthesized ivars. I thought they acted like declared private ivars, but without the fragile base class problem. Maybe that's right, and I just don't understand the fragile base class problem. Why does the above code compile only in the modern runtime? Does the fragile base class problem exist when all superclass instance variables are private?

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• Break a while loop without using If or Break

  - by Justin

  I need to create a program that uses while to find the volume of a cylinder. I need the while loop to break if the user inputs a negative value for the height. My code looks like this: double sentinel=1, h=1, v=0, r, count=0; // declares all variables needed final double PI=3.14159; boolean NotNegative=true; while(NotNegative){// && count==0){ // while both the height is positive AND the total times run is 0 System.out.print("Enter height (Use negative to exit): "); // has the user input the height h=Double.parseDouble(br.readLine()); sentinel=h; // save sentinel as the inputted height while(sentinel>0){ System.out.print("Enter radius: "); // have the user input the radius r=Double.parseDouble(br.readLine()); v=PI*(r*r)*h; // find the volume System.out.println("The volume is " + v); // print out the volume count++; // increase the count each time this runs NotNegative=true; sentinel=-1; } } Any help?

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• Jboss 6 Cluster Singleton Clustered

  - by DanC

  I am trying to set up a Jboss 6 in a clustered environment, and use it to host clustered stateful singleton EJBs. So far we succesfully installed a Singleton EJB within the cluster, where different entrypoints to our application (through a website deployed on each node) point to a single environment on which the EJB is hosted (thus mantaining the state of static variables). We achieved this using the following configuration: Bean interface: @Remote public interface IUniverse { ... } Bean implementation: @Clustered @Stateful public class Universe implements IUniverse { private static Vector<String> messages = new Vector<String>(); ... } jboss-beans.xml configuration: <deployment xmlns="urn:jboss:bean-deployer:2.0"> <!-- This bean is an example of a clustered singleton --> <bean name="Universe" class="Universe"> </bean> <bean name="UniverseController" class="org.jboss.ha.singleton.HASingletonController"> <property name="HAPartition"><inject bean="HAPartition"/></property> <property name="target"><inject bean="Universe"/></property> <property name="targetStartMethod">startSingleton</property> <property name="targetStopMethod">stopSingleton</property> </bean> </deployment> The main problem for this implementation is that, after the master node (the one that contains the state of the singleton EJB) shuts down gracefuly, the Singleton's state is lost and reset to default. Please note that everything was constructed following the JBoss 5 Clustering documents, as no JBoss 6 documents were found on this subject. Any information on how to solve this problem or where to find JBoss 6 documention on clustering is appreciated.

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• Form submit capture into database not working

  - by kielie

  Hi guys, I have a form that has two buttons on it, one yes, one no, and at the moment I capture the clicked button into a database, but for some reason, it doesn't always capture the clicked button, I have gone through all my code and everything seems fine, here is the form <div id="mid_prompt"> <form action="refer.php" method="post" onsubmit="return submit_form()" > <div class="prompt_container" style="float: left;"> <span class="prompt_item"><input type="image" src="images/yes.jpg" alt="submit" name="refer" value="yes" /></span> </div> </form> <form action="thank_you.php" method="post" onsubmit="return submit_form()" > <div class="prompt_container" style="float: right;"> <span class="prompt_item"><input type="image" src="images/no.jpg" alt="submit" name="refer" value="no" /></span> </div> </form> </div> I am using sessions to carry the variables all the way to the end of the forms where I then write all the data to a database, I have checked my sessions and they seem to be working fine, the only one that is giving problems is the yes/no. So basically I need it to capture that yes/no everytime. Thanx in advance!

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• Why does Jcreator show iIlegal start of expression?

  - by Inusual Whisper Sinclair

  I am new at programming and currently in our classes we are learning java. I am trying to create a routine in which I need to use String variables only. Below it is the code in which I am working with: public static void main(String[] args) throws java.io.IOException { BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System. in )); PrintStream out = System.out; String hair.equals("damagedHair"); cutHair(marvin); cleanHair(michelle); for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { static void cutHair(String marvin) { String cabello; marvin.equals(hair); if (marvin.equals("damagedHair")) { cabello.equals("newHaircut"); result(hair); } static void cleanHair(String michelle) { String hair; michelle.equals(hair); if (michelle.equals(newHaircut)) { hair.equals("putShampooAndConditioner"); result(hair); } static void result(String pHair) {; PrintStream out = System.out; out.println("============="); out.println(pHair); out.println("============="); } } Jcreator is giving me an error that says Illegal start of expression and also java 50 error ';' expected. I am not sure why is this coming up and I am a little confused as to whether I am doing something I am not supposed to and how to correct it. Sorry about the double posting, this is the right message. Need some help from you guys to figure this out. Thanks in advanced!

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• How is a functional programming-based javascript app laid out?

  - by user321521

  I've been working with node.js for awhile on a chat app (I know, very original, but I figured it'd be a good learning project). Underscore.js provides a lot of functional programming concepts which look interesting, so I'd like to understand how a functional program in javascript would be setup. From my understanding of functional programming (which may be wrong), the whole idea is to avoid side effects, which are basically having a function which updates another variable outside of the function so something like var external; function foo() { external = 'bar'; } foo(); would be creating a side effect, correct? So as a general rule, you want to avoid disturbing variables in the global scope. Ok, so how does that work when you're dealing with objects and what not? For example, a lot of times, I'll have a constructor and an init method that initializes the object, like so: var Foo = function(initVars) { this.init(initVars); } Foo.prototype.init = function(initVars) { this.bar1 = initVars['bar1']; this.bar2 = initVars['bar2']; //.... } var myFoo = new Foo({'bar1': '1', 'bar2': '2'}); So my init method is intentionally causing side effects, but what would be a functional way to handle the same sort of situation? Also, if anyone could point me to either a python or javascript source code of a program that tries to be as functional as possible, that would also be much appreciated. I feel like I'm close to "getting it", but I'm just not quite there. Mainly I'm interested in how functional programming works with traditional OOP classes concept (or does away with it for something different if that's the case).

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• Send C++ Structure to MSMQ Message

  - by Gobalakrishnan

  Hi, I am trying to send the below structure through MSMQ Message typedef struct { char cfiller[7]; short MsgCode; char cfiller1[11]; short MsgLength; char cfiller2[2]; } MESSAGECODE; typedef struct { MESSAGECODE Header; char DealerId[16]; char GroupId[16]; long Token; short Periodicity; double Deposit; double GrossExposureLimit; double NetExposureLimit; double NetSaleExposureLimit; double NetPositionLimit; double TurnoverLimit; double PendingOrdersLimit; double MTMLossLimit; double MaxSingleTransValue; long MaxSingleTransQty; double IMLimit; long NetQuantityLimit; } LIMITUPDATE; void main() { // // create queue // open queue // send message // OleInitialize(NULL); // have to init OLE // // declare some variables // IMSMQQueueInfoPtr qinfo("MSMQ.MSMQQueueInfo"); IMSMQQueuePtr qSend; IMSMQMessagePtr m("MSMQ.MSMQMessage"); LIMITUPDATE l1; l1.Header.MsgCode=26001; l1.Header.MsgLength=150; qinfo->PathName = ".\\private$\\q99"; m->Body = l1; qSend = qinfo->Open(MQ_SEND_ACCESS, MQ_DENY_NONE); m->Send(qSend); qSend->Close(); } while compiling i am getting the following error. Error 2 error C2664: 'IMSMQMessage::PutBody' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'LIMITUPDATE' to 'const _variant_t &' c:\temp\msmq\msmq.cpp 58 msmq thank you.

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• Eclipse PDT "tips" ?

  - by Pascal MARTIN

  Hi ! (Yes, this is a quite opened and general and subjective question -- it's by design, cause I want tips you think are great !) I'm using Eclipse PDT 2.1 to work in PHP, either for small and/or big projects -- I've been doing so for quite some times, now, actually (since before 1.0 stable, if I remember well)... I was wondering if any of you did know "tips" to be more efficient. Let met explain more in details : I know about things like plugins like Aptana (better editor for JS/CSS), Subversive (for SVN access), RSE, Filesync, integrating Xdebug's debugger, ... What I mean by "tips" is more some little things you discovered one day and since use all the time -- and allow you to be more efficient in your PHP projects. Some examples of "tips" that come to my mind, and that already know and use : ctrl+space to open the list of suggestions for functions / variables names ctrl+shift+R (navigate > open resource) to open a popup which show only files which names contain what you type ; ie, quick opening of files this one might be the perfect example : I know this one is not often known by coworkers and they find it as useful as I do ; so, I guess there might be lots of other things like this one I don't know myself ^^ ctrl+M to switch to full-screen view for the editor (instead of double-click on tabs bar) shift+F2 while on a function name, to open it's page if the PHP manual in a browser Attention Mac Users use Command instead Control. I guess you get the point ; but I'm really open to any suggestion (be it eclipse-related in general, of more PHP/PDT-specific) that can help be be more efficient :-) Anyway, thanks in advance for your help !

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• Rails: creating a custom data type, to use with generator classes and a bunch of questions related t

  - by Shyam

  Hi, After being productive with Rails for some weeks, I learned some tricks and got some experience with the framework. About 10 days ago, I figured out it is possible to build a custom data type for migrations by adding some code in the Table definition. Also, after learning a bit about floating points (and how evil they are) vs integers, the money gem and other possible solutions, I decided I didn't WANT to use the money gem, but instead try to learn more about programming and finding a solution myself. Some suggestions said that I should be using integers, one for the whole numbers and one for the cents. When playing in script/console, I discovered how easy it is to work with calculations and arrays. But, I am talking to much (and the reason I am, is to give some sufficient background). Right now, while playing with the scaffold generator (yes, I use it, because I like they way I can quickly set up a prototype while I am still researching my objectives), I like to use a DRY method. In my opinion, I should build a custom "object", that can hold two variables (Fixnum), one for the whole, one for the cents. In my big dream, I would be able to do the following: script/generate scaffold Cake name:string description:text cost:mycustom Where mycustom should create two integer columns (one for wholes, one for cents). Right now I could do this by doing: script/generate scaffold Cake name:string description:text cost_w:integer cost_c:integer I had also had an idea that would be creating a "cost model", which would hold two columns of integers and create a cost_id column to my scaffold. But wouldn't that be an extra table that would cause some kind of performance penalty? And wouldn't that be defy the purpose of the Cake model in the first place, because the costs are an attribute of individual Cake entries? The reason why I would want to have such a functionality because I am thinking of having multiple "costs" inside my rails application. Thank you for your feedback, comments and answers! I hope my message got through as understandable, my apologies for incorrect grammar or weird sentences as English is not my native language.

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• Graphing the pitch (frequency) of a sound

  - by Coronatus

  I want to plot the pitch of a sound into a graph. Currently I can plot the amplitude. The graph below is created by the data returned by getUnscaledAmplitude(): AudioInputStream audioInputStream = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file))); byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) (audioInputStream.getFrameLength()) * (audioInputStream.getFormat().getFrameSize())]; audioInputStream.read(bytes); // Get amplitude values for each audio channel in an array. graphData = type.getUnscaledAmplitude(bytes, this); public int[][] getUnscaledAmplitude(byte[] eightBitByteArray, AudioInfo audioInfo) { int[][] toReturn = new int[audioInfo.getNumberOfChannels()][eightBitByteArray.length / (2 * audioInfo. getNumberOfChannels())]; int index = 0; for (int audioByte = 0; audioByte < eightBitByteArray.length;) { for (int channel = 0; channel < audioInfo.getNumberOfChannels(); channel++) { // Do the byte to sample conversion. int low = (int) eightBitByteArray[audioByte]; audioByte++; int high = (int) eightBitByteArray[audioByte]; audioByte++; int sample = (high << 8) + (low & 0x00ff); if (sample < audioInfo.sampleMin) { audioInfo.sampleMin = sample; } else if (sample > audioInfo.sampleMax) { audioInfo.sampleMax = sample; } toReturn[channel][index] = sample; } index++; } return toReturn; } But I need to show the audio's pitch, not amplitude. Fast Fourier transform appears to get the pitch, but it needs to know more variables than the raw bytes I have, and is very complex and mathematical. Is there a way I can do this?

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• Creating a global variable on the fly. [PHP ENCRYPTION]

  - by stormdrain

  Is there a way to dynamically create constant variables on the fly? The idea is that upon logging into the system, a user would be asked to upload a small text file that would be fread, and assigned to a var that would be accessible throughout the system. If this is possible, just to be clear, would this variable then only be accessible to that user and only while the session is alive? Security being the main concern here, would it be more practical to store the var in a session variable? The plan: Data in the db will be encrypted via mcrypt, and the key will be stored on USB thumbdrives. The user will insert the thumbdrive when going to access the system. Upon logging in, the app will prompt the user to upload the key. They will navigate to the thumbdrive and key. Via fopen and fread, the key will be assigned to a global var which will then allow access to encrypted data, and will be used to encrypt new info being entered to the db. When the user logs out, or session times out, the global var will become empty. Thanks!

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• Trying to write up a C daemon, but don't know enough C to continue

  - by JamesM-SiteGen

  Okay, so I want this daemon to run in the background with little to no interaction. I plan to have it work with Apache, lighttpd, etc to send the session & request information to allow C to generate a website from an object DB, saving will have to be an option so, you can start the daemon with an existing DB but will not save to it unless you login to the admin area and enable, and restart the daemon. Summary of the daemon: Load a database from file. Have a function to restart the daemon. Allow Apache, lighttpd, etc to get necessary data about the request and session. A varible to allow the database to be saved to the file, otherwise it will only be stored in ram. If it is set to save back to the file, then only have neccessary data in ram. Use sql-light for the database file. Build a webpage from some template files. $(myVar) for getting variables. Get templates from a directory. ./templates/01-test/{index.html,template.css,template.js} Live version of the code and more information: http://typewith.me/YbGB1h1g1p Also I am working on a website CMS in php, but I am tring to switch to C as it is faster than php. ( php is quite fast, but the fact that making a few mySQL requests for every webpage is quite unefficent and I'm sure that it can be far better, so an object that we can recall data from in C would have to be faster ) P.S I am using Arch-Linux not MS-Windows, with the package group base-devel for the common developer tools such as make and makepgk. Edit: Oupps, forgot the question ;) Okay, so the question is, how can I turn this basic C daemon into a base to what I am attempting to do here?

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• Performance of VIEW vs. SQL statement

  - by Matt W.

  I have a query that goes something like the following: select <field list> from <table list> where <join conditions> and <condition list> and PrimaryKey in (select PrimaryKey from <table list> where <join list> and <condition list>) and PrimaryKey not in (select PrimaryKey from <table list> where <join list> and <condition list>) The sub-select queries both have multiple sub-select queries of their own that I'm not showing so as not to clutter the statement. One of the developers on my team thinks a view would be better. I disagree in that the SQL statement uses variables passed in by the program (based on the user's login Id). Are there any hard and fast rules on when a view should be used vs. using a SQL statement? What kind of performance gain issues are there in running SQL statements on their own against regular tables vs. against views. (Note that all the joins / where conditions are against indexed columns, so that shouldn't be an issue.) EDIT for clarification... Here's the query I'm working with: select obj_id from object where obj_id in( (select distinct(sec_id) from security where sec_type_id = 494 and ( (sec_usergroup_id = 3278 and sec_usergroup_type_id = 230) or (sec_usergroup_id in (select ug_gi_id from user_group where ug_ui_id = 3278) and sec_usergroup_type_id = 231) ) and sec_obj_id in ( select obj_id from object where obj_ot_id in (select of_ot_id from obj_form left outer join obj_type on ot_id = of_ot_id where ot_app_id = 87 and of_id in (select sec_obj_id from security where sec_type_id = 493 and ( (sec_usergroup_id = 3278 and sec_usergroup_type_id = 230) or (sec_usergroup_id in (select ug_gi_id from user_group where ug_ui_id = 3278) and sec_usergroup_type_id = 231) ) ) and of_usage_type_id = 131 ) ) ) ) or (obj_ot_id in (select of_ot_id from obj_form left outer join obj_type on ot_id = of_ot_id where ot_app_id = 87 and of_id in (select sec_obj_id from security where sec_type_id = 493 and ( (sec_usergroup_id = 3278 and sec_usergroup_type_id = 230) or (sec_usergroup_id in (select ug_gi_id from user_group where ug_ui_id = 3278) and sec_usergroup_type_id = 231) ) ) and of_usage_type_id = 131 ) and obj_id not in (select sec_obj_id from security where sec_type_id = 494) )

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• floating point equality in Python and in general

  - by eric.frederich

  I have a piece of code that behaves differently depending on whether I go through a dictionary to get conversion factors or whether I use them directly. The following piece of code will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> False But if you replace factors[units_from] with 10.0 and factors[units_to ] with 1.0 / 2.54 it will print 1.0 == 1.0 -> True #!/usr/bin/env python base = 'cm' factors = { 'cm' : 1.0, 'mm' : 10.0, 'm' : 0.01, 'km' : 1.0e-5, 'in' : 1.0 / 2.54, 'ft' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0, 'yd' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 3.0, 'mile' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280, 'lightyear' : 1.0 / 2.54 / 12.0 / 5280 / 5.87849981e12, } # convert 25.4 mm to inches val = 25.4 units_from = 'mm' units_to = 'in' base_value = val / factors[units_from] ret = base_value * factors[units_to ] print ret, '==', 1.0, '->', ret == 1.0 Let me first say that I am pretty sure what is going on here. I have seen it before in C, just never in Python but since Python in implemented in C we're seeing it. I know that floating point numbers will change values going from a CPU register to cache and back. I know that comparing what should be two equal variables will return false if one of them was paged out while the other stayed resident in a register. Questions What is the best way to avoid problems like this?... In Python or in general. Am I doing something completely wrong? Side Note This is obviously part of a stripped down example but what I'm trying to do is come with with classes of length, volume, etc that can compare against other objects of the same class but with different units. Rhetorical Questions If this is a potentially dangerous problem since it makes programs behave in an undetermanistic matter, should compilers warn or error when they detect that you're checking equality of floats Should compilers support an option to replace all float equality checks with a 'close enough' function? Do compilers already do this and I just can't find the information.

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• Bitwise OR of constants

  - by ryyst

  While reading some documentation here, I came across this: unsigned unitFlags = NSYearCalendarUnit | NSMonthCalendarUnit | NSDayCalendarUnit; NSDateComponents *comps = [gregorian components:unitFlags fromDate:date]; I have no idea how this works. I read up on the bitwise operators in C, but I do not understand how you can fit three (or more!) constants inside one int and later being able to somehow extract them back from the int? Digging further down the documentation, I also found this, which is probably related: typedef enum { kCFCalendarUnitEra = (1 << 1), kCFCalendarUnitYear = (1 << 2), kCFCalendarUnitMonth = (1 << 3), kCFCalendarUnitDay = (1 << 4), kCFCalendarUnitHour = (1 << 5), kCFCalendarUnitMinute = (1 << 6), kCFCalendarUnitSecond = (1 << 7), kCFCalendarUnitWeek = (1 << 8), kCFCalendarUnitWeekday = (1 << 9), kCFCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal = (1 << 10), } CFCalendarUnit; How do the (1 << 3) statements / variables work? I'm sorry if this is trivial, but could someone please enlighten me by either explaining or maybe posting a link to a good explanation? Thanks! -- ry

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• How do I interact with a Perl object that has a hash attribute?

  - by brydgesk

  I have a class with several variables, one of which is a hash (_runs): sub new { my ($class, $name) = @_; my $self = { _name => $name, ... _runs => (), _times => [], ... }; bless ($self, $class); return $self; } Now, all I'm trying to do is create an accessor/mutator, as well as another subroutine that pushes new data into the hash. But I'm having a hell of a time getting all the referencing/dereferencing/$self calls working together. I've about burned my eyes out with "Can't use string ("blah") as a HASH ref etc etc" errors. For the accessor, what is 'best practice' for returning hashes? Which one of these options should I be using (if any)?: return $self->{_runs}; return %{ $self->{_runs} }; return \$self->{_runs}; Further, when I'm using the hash within other subroutines in the class, what syntax do I use to copy it? my @runs = $self->{_runs}; my @runs = %{ $self->{_runs} }; my @runs = $%{ $self->{_runs} }; my @runs = $$self->{_runs}; Same goes for iterating over the keys: foreach my $dt (keys $self->{_runs}) foreach my $dt (keys %{ $self->{_runs} }) And how about actually adding the data? $self->{_runs}{$dt} = $duration; %{ $self->{_runs} }{$dt} = $duration; $$self->{_runs}{$dt} = $duration; You get the point. I've been reading articles about using classes, and articles about referencing and dereferencing, but I can't seem to get my brain to combine the knowledge and use both at the same time. I got my _times array working finally, but mimicking my array syntax over to hashes didn't work.

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• Counting entries in a list of dictionaries: for loop vs. list comprehension with map(itemgetter)

  - by Dennis Williamson

  In a Python program I'm writing I've compared using a for loop and increment variables versus list comprehension with map(itemgetter) and len() when counting entries in dictionaries which are in a list. It takes the same time using a each method. Am I doing something wrong or is there a better approach? Here is a greatly simplified and shortened data structure: list = [ {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'biscuits and gravy'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'peaches and cream'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'Abbott and Costello'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': True, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'over and under'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': True, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'Scotch and... well... neat, thanks'} ] Here is the for loop version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True key1 = key2 = 0 for dictionary in list: if dictionary["key1"]: key1 += 1 if dictionary["key2"]: key2 += 1 print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above: Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 Here is the other, perhaps more Pythonic, version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True from operator import itemgetter KEY1 = 0 KEY2 = 1 getentries = itemgetter("key1", "key2") entries = map(getentries, list) key1 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1]]) key2 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1] and x[KEY2]]) print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above (same as before): Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 I'm a tiny bit surprised these take the same amount of time. I wonder if there's something faster. I'm sure I'm overlooking something simple. One alternative I've considered is loading the data into a database and doing SQL queries, but the data doesn't need to persist and I'd have to profile the overhead of the data transfer, etc., and a database may not always be available. I have no control over the original form of the data. The code above is not going for style points.

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• Request-local storage in ASP.NET (accessible to the code from IHttpModule implementation)

  - by IgorK

  I need to have some object hanging around between two events I'm interested in: PreRequestHandlerExecute (where I create an instance of my object and want to save it) and PostRequestHandlerExecute (where I want to get to the object). After the second event the object is not needed for my purposes and should be discarded either by storage or my explicit action. So the ideal context where my object should be stored is per request (with guaranteed no sharing issues when different threads are serving requests... or processes/servers :) ) Take into account that actual implementation I can do is being made from a HttpModule and is supposed to be a pluggable solution for already written web apps (so the option to provide some state using static/instance variables in Global.asax doesn't look good - I will have to modify Global.asax on every web application). Cache seems to be too broad for this use. I tried to see whether httpContext.Application (of type HttpApplicationState) is good for me or not, but cannot get whether it is exactly per HttpApplication instance or not (AFAIK you can have several instances of HttpApplications used on different threads and therefore serving several requests simultaneously - then using storage shared between threads will not work correctly; otherwise I would use it because one HttpApplication instance serves exactly one request at a time). Something could be done with storing state on the HttpModule instances if I know for sure that it's exactly bound 1-to-1 with every HttpApplication instance running (but again I need a proof that HttpApplication instance is 1-to-1 with my HttpModule's instance). Any valuable and reputable links on these topics are much appreciated... Would be great to find something particularly well-suited for per request situation (because otherwise I may end up with something ulgy... probably either some 'broader' scoped storage and some hacks to have different keys in the storage for different requests, OR using a thread-local thing and in this way commit to the theory that IIS/ASP.NET will not ever serve first event from one thread and the second event from the other thread and so on)

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• PHP check http referer for form submitted by AJAX, secure?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all: This is the first time I am working for a front-end project that requires server-side authentication for AJAX requests. I've encountered problems like I cannot make a call of session_start as the beginning line of the "destination page", cuz that would get me a PHP Warning : Warning: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at C:\xampp\htdocs\comic\app\ajaxInsert Book.php:1) in C:\xampp\htdocs\comic\app\common.php on line 10 I reckon this means I have to figure out a way other than checking PHP session variables to authenticate the "caller" of this PHP script, and this is my approach : I have a "protected" PHP page, which must be used as the "container" of my javascript that posts the form through jQuery $.ajax(); method In my "receiver" PHP script, what I've got is: <?php define(BOOKS_TABLE, "books"); define(APPROOT, "/comic/"); define(CORRECT_REFERER, "/protected/staff/addBook.php"); function isRefererCorrect() { // the following line evaluates the relative path for the referer uri, // Say, $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] returns "http://localhost/comic/protected/staff/addBook.php" // Then the part we concern is just this "/protected/staff/addBook.php" $referer = substr($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'], 6 + strrpos($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'], APPROOT)); return (strnatcmp(CORRECT_REFERER, $referer) == 0) ? true : false; } //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/267546/correct-http-header-for-json-file header('Content-type: application/json charset=UTF-8'); header('Cache-Control: no-cache, must-revalidate'); echo json_encode(array ( "feedback"=>"ok", "info"=>isRefererCorrect() )); ?> My code works, but I wonder is there any security risks in this approach? Can someone manipulate the post request so that he can pretend that the caller javascript is from the "protected" page? Many thanks to any hints or suggestions.

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• Assign sage variable values into R objects via sagetex and Sweave

  - by sheed03

  I am writing a short Sweave document that outputs into a Beamer presentation, in which I am using the sagetex package to solve an equation for two parameters in the beta binomial distribution, and I need to assign the parameter values into the R session so I can do additional processing on those values. The following code excerpt shows how I am interacting with sage: <<echo=false,results=hide>>= mean.raw <- c(5, 3.5, 2) theta <- 0.5 var.raw <- mean.raw + ((mean.raw^2)/theta) @ \begin{frame}[fragile] \frametitle{Test of Sage 2} \begin{sagesilent} var('a1, b1, a2, b2, a3, b3') eqn1 = [1000*a1/(a1+b1)==\Sexpr{mean.raw[1]}, ((1000*a1*b1)*(1000+a1+b1))/((a1+b1)^2*(a1+b1+1))==\Sexpr{var.raw[1]}] eqn2 = [1000*a2/(a2+b2)==\Sexpr{mean.raw[2]}, ((1000*a2*b2)*(1000+a2+b2))/((a2+b2)^2*(a2+b2+1))==\Sexpr{var.raw[2]}] eqn3 = [1000*a3/(a3+b3)==\Sexpr{mean.raw[3]}, ((1000*a3*b3)*(1000+a3+b3))/((a3+b3)^2*(a3+b3+1))==\Sexpr{var.raw[3]}] s1 = solve(eqn1, a1,b1) s2 = solve(eqn2, a2,b2) s3 = solve(eqn3, a3,b3) \end{sagesilent} Solutions of Beta Binomial Parameters: \begin{itemize} \item $\sage{s1[0]}$ \item $\sage{s2[0]}$ \item $\sage{s3[0]}$ \end{itemize} \end{frame} Everything compiles just fine, and in that slide I am able to see the solutions to the three equations respective parameters in that itemized list (for example the first item in the itemized list from that beamer slide is outputted as [a1=(328/667), b1=(65272/667)] (I am not able to post an image of the beamer slide but I hope you get the idea). I would like to save the parameter values a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3 into R objects so that I can use them in simulations. I cannot find any documentation in the sagetex package on how to save output from sage commands into variables for use with other programs (in this case R). Any suggestions on how to get these values into R?

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• How to Treat Race Condition of Session in Web Application?

  - by Morgan Cheng

  I was in a ASP.NET application has heavy traffic of AJAX requests. Once a user login our web application, a session is created to store information of this user's state. Currently, our solution to keep session data consistent is quite simple and brutal: each request needs to acquire a exclusive lock before being processed. This works fine for tradition web application. But, when the web application turns to support AJAX, it turns to not efficient. It is quite possible that multiple AJAX requests are sent to server at the same time without reloading the web page. If all AJAX requests are serialized by the exclusive lock, the response is not so quick. Anyway, many AJAX requests that doesn't access same session variables are blocked as well. If we don't have a exclusive lock for each requests, then we need to treat all race condition carefully to avoid dead lock. I'm afraid that would make the code complex and buggy. So, is there any best practice to keep session data consistent and keep code simple and clean?

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• Passing in a lambda to a Where statement

  - by sonicblis

  I noticed today that if I do this: var items = context.items.Where(i => i.Property < 2); items = items.Where(i => i.Property > 4); Once I access the items var, it executes only the first line as the data call and then does the second call in memory. However, if I do this: var items = context.items.Where(i => i.Property < 2).Where(i => i.Property > 4); I get only one expression executed against the context that includes both where statements. I have a host of variables that I want to use to build the expression for the linq lambda, but their presence or absence changes the expression such that I'd have to have a rediculous number of conditionals to satisfy all cases. I thought I could just add the Where() statements as in my first example above, but that doesn't end up in a single expression that contains all of the criteria. Therefore, I'm trying to create just the lambda itself as such: //bogus syntax if (var1 == "something") var expression = Expression<Func<item, bool>>(i => i.Property == "Something); if (var2 == "somethingElse") expression = expression.Where(i => i.Property2 == "SomethingElse"); And then pass that in to the where of my context.Items to evaluate. A) is this right, and B) if so, how do you do it?

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• Newbie C# Question about float/int/text type formatting

  - by user563501

  Hey everybody, I'm a total C# newb with a light (first year CS) background in Python. I wrote a console program in Python for doing marathon pace running calculations and I'm trying to figure out the syntax for this in C# using Visual Studio 2010. Here's a chunk of what I've got so far: string total_seconds = ((float.Parse(textBox_Hours.Text) * 60 * 60) + (float.Parse(textBox_Minutes.Text) * 60) + float.Parse(textBox_Seconds.Text)).ToString(); float secs_per_unit = ((float)(total_seconds) / (float)(textBox_Distance.Text)); float mins_per_unit = (secs_per_unit / 60); string pace_mins = (int)mins_per_unit.ToString(); string pace_secs = (float.Parse(mins_per_unit) - int.Parse(mins_per_unit) * 60).ToString(); textBox_Final_Mins.Text = pace_mins; textBox_Final_Secs.Text = pace_mins; Imagine you have a running pace of 8 minutes and 30 seconds per mile. secs_per_unit would be 510, mins_per_unit would be 8.5. pace_mins would simply be 8 and pace_secs would be 30. In Python I'd just convert variables from a float to a string to get 8 instead of 8.5, for example; hopefully the rest of the code gives you an idea of what I've been doing. Any input would be appreciated.

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• Mercurial CLI is slow in C#?

  - by pATCheS

  I'm writing a utility in C# that will make managing multiple Mercurial repositories easier for the way my team is using it. However, it seems that there is always about a 300 to 400 millisecond delay before I get anything back from hg.exe. I'm using the code below to run hg.exe and hgtk.exe (TortoiseHg's GUI). The code currently includes a Stopwatch and some variables for timing purposes. The delay is roughly the same on multiple runs within the same session. I have also tried specifying the exact path of hg.exe, and got the same result. static string RunCommand(string executable, string path, string arguments) { var psi = new ProcessStartInfo() { FileName = executable, Arguments = arguments, WorkingDirectory = path, UseShellExecute = false, RedirectStandardError = true, RedirectStandardInput = true, RedirectStandardOutput = true, WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Maximized, CreateNoWindow = true }; var sbOut = new StringBuilder(); var sbErr = new StringBuilder(); var sw = new Stopwatch(); sw.Start(); var process = Process.Start(psi); TimeSpan firstRead = TimeSpan.Zero; process.OutputDataReceived += (s, e) => { if (firstRead == TimeSpan.Zero) { firstRead = sw.Elapsed; } sbOut.Append(e.Data); }; process.ErrorDataReceived += (s, e) => sbErr.Append(e.Data); process.BeginOutputReadLine(); process.BeginErrorReadLine(); var eventsStarted = sw.Elapsed; process.WaitForExit(); var processExited = sw.Elapsed; sw.Reset(); if (process.ExitCode != 0 || sbErr.Length > 0) { Error.Mercurial(process.ExitCode, sbOut.ToString(), sbErr.ToString()); } return sbOut.ToString(); } Any ideas on how I can speed things up? As it is, I'm going to have to do a lot of caching in addition to threading to keep the UI snappy.

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