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• Storing Credit Card Numbers in SESSION - ways around it?

  - by JM4

  I am well aware of PCI Compliance so don't need an earful about storing CC numbers (and especially CVV nums) within our company database during checkout process. However, I want to be safe as possible when handling sensitive consumer information and am curious how to get around passing CC numbers from page to page WITHOUT using SESSION variables if at all possible. My site is built in this way: Step 1) collect Credit Card information from customer - when customer hits submit, the information is first run through JS validation, then run through PHP validation, if all passes he moves to step 2. Step 2) Information is displayed on a review page for customer to make sure the details of their upcoming transaction are shown. Only the first 6 and last 4 of the CC are shown on this page but card type, and exp date are shwon fully. If he clicks proceed, Step 3) The information is sent to another php page which runs one last validation, sends information through secure payment gateway, and string is returned with details. Step 4) If all is good and well, the consumer information (personal, not CC) is stored in DB and redirected to a completion page. If anything is bad, he is informed and told to revisit the CC processing page to try again (max of 3 times). Any suggestions?

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• C# Minimize all running windows when application runs

  - by Derek

  I am working on a C# windows form application. How can i edit my code in a way that when more than 2 faces is being detected by my webcam. More information: When "FaceDetectedLabel.Text = "Faces Detected : " + cam.facesdetected.ToString();" becomes Face Detected: 2 or more... How can i do the following: Minimize all program running except my application. Log out of my computer Here is my code: namespace PBD { public partial class MainPage : Form { //declaring global variables private Capture capture; //takes images from camera as image frames public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); } private void ProcessFrame(object sender, EventArgs arg) { Wrapper cam = new Wrapper(); //show the image in the EmguCV ImageBox WebcamPictureBox.Image = cam.start_cam(capture).Resize(390, 243, Emgu.CV.CvEnum.INTER.CV_INTER_CUBIC).ToBitmap(); FaceDetectedLabel.Text = "Faces Detected : " + cam.facesdetected.ToString(); } private void MainPage_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { #region if capture is not created, create it now if (capture == null) { try { capture = new Capture(); } catch (NullReferenceException excpt) { MessageBox.Show(excpt.Message); } } #endregion Application.Idle += ProcessFrame; }

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• Strange behavior with Javascript's __defineSetter__

  - by Shea Barton

  I have a large project in which I need to intercept assignments to things like element.src, element.href, element.style, etc. I figured out to do this with defineSetter, but it is behaving very strangely (using Chrome 8.0.552.231) An example: var attribs = ["href", "src", "background", "action", "onblur", "style", "onchange", "onclick", "ondblclick", "onerror", "onfocus", "onkeydown", "onkeypress", "onkeyup", "onmousedown", "onmousemove", "onmouseover", "onmouseup", "onresize", "onselect", "onunload"]; for(a = 0; a < attribs.length; a++) { var attrib_name = attribs[a]; var func = new Function("attrib_value", "this.setAttribute(\"" + attrib_name + "\", attrib_value.toUpperCase());"); HTMLElement.prototype.__defineSetter__(attrib_name, func); } What this code should do is whenever common element attribute in attribs is assigned, it uses setAttribute() to set a uppercased version of that attribute. For some very strange reason, the setter works for only ~1/3 of the assignments. For example with element.src = "test" the new src is "TEST", like it should be however with element.href = "test" the new href is "test", not uppercase then even when I try element.__lookupSetter__("href"), it returns the proper, uppercasing setter the strangest thing is different variables are intercepted properly between Chrome and Firefox help!!

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• barebones sort algorithm

  - by user309322

  i have been asked to make a simple sort aglorithm to sort a random series of 6 numbers into numerical order. However i have been asked to do this using "Barebones" a theoretical language put forward in the Book Computer Science an overview. Some information on the language can be found here http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/software/barebones/ Just to clarify i am a student teacher and have been doing anaysis on "mini-programing languages" and their uses in a teaching environment, i suggested to my tutor that i look at barebones and asked what sort of exmaple program i should write . He suggested a simple sort algorithm. Now since looking at the language i cant understand how i can do this without using arrays and if statements. The code to swap the value of variables would be while a not 0 do; incr Aux1; decr a; end; while b not 0 do; incr Aux2 decr b end; while Aux1 not 0 do; incr a; decr Aux1; end; while Aux2 not 0 do; incr b; decr Aux2; end; however the language does not provide < or operators

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• temporary tables within stored procedures on slave servers with readonly set

  - by lau

  Hi, We have set up a replication scheme master/slave and we've had problems lately because some users wrote directly on the slave instead of the master, making the whole setup inconsistent. To prevent these problems from happening again, we've decided to remove the insert, delete, update, etc... rights from the users accessing the slave. Problems is that some stored procedure (for reading) require temporary tables. I read that changing the global variable read_only to true would do what I want and allow the stored procedures to work correctly ( http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_read_only ) but I keep getting the error : The MySQL server is running with the --read-only option so it cannot execute this statement (1290) The stored procedure that I used (for testing purpose) is this one : DELIMITER $$ DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_readonly $$ CREATE DEFINER=dbuser@% PROCEDURE test_readonly() BEGIN CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS temp ( BT_INDEX int(11), BT_DESC VARCHAR(10) ); INSERT INTO temp (BT_INDEX, BT_DESC) VALUES (222,'walou'), (111,'bidouille'); DROP TABLE temp; END $$ DELIMITER ; The create temporary table and the drop table work fine with the readonly flag - if I comment the INSERT line, it runs fine- but whenever I want to insert or delete from that temporary table, I get the error message. I use Mysql 5.1.29-rc. My default storage engine is InnoDB. Thanks in advance, this problem is really driving me crazy.

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• A C# Refactoring Question...

  - by james lewis

  I came accross the following code today and I didn't like it. It's fairly obvious what it's doing but I'll add a little explanation here anyway: Basically it reads all the settings for an app from the DB and the iterates through all of them looking for the DB Version and the APP Version then sets some variables to the values in the DB (to be used later). I looked at it and thought it was a bit ugly - I don't like switch statements and I hate things that carry on iterating through a list once they're finished. So I decided to refactor it. My question to all of you is how would you refactor it? Or do you think it even needs refactoring at all? Here's the code: using (var sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(Lfepa.Itrs.Framework.Configuration.ConnectionString)) { sqlConnection.Open(); var dataTable = new DataTable("Settings"); var selectCommand = new SqlCommand(Lfepa.Itrs.Data.Database.Commands.dbo.SettingsSelAll, sqlConnection); var reader = selectCommand.ExecuteReader(); while (reader.Read()) { switch (reader[SettingKeyColumnName].ToString().ToUpper()) { case DatabaseVersionKey: DatabaseVersion = new Version(reader[SettingValueColumneName].ToString()); break; case ApplicationVersionKey: ApplicationVersion = new Version(reader[SettingValueColumneName].ToString()); break; default: break; } } if (DatabaseVersion == null) throw new ApplicationException("Colud not load Database Version Setting from the database."); if (ApplicationVersion == null) throw new ApplicationException("Colud not load Application Version Setting from the database."); }

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• Numerical calculations in Prolog

  - by user8472

  While reading SICP I came across logic programming chapter 4.4. Then I started looking into the Prolog programming language and tried to understand some simple assignments in Prolog. I found that Prolog seems to have troubles with numerical calculations. Here is the computation of a factorial in standard Prolog: f(0, 1). f(A, B) :- A > 0, C is A-1, f(C, D), B is A*D. The issues I find is that I need to introduce two auxiliary variables (C and D), a new syntax (is) and that the problem is non-reversible (i.e., f(5,X) works as expected, but f(X,120) does not). Naively, I expect that at the very least C is A-1, f(C, D) above may be replaced by f(A-1,D), but even that does not work. My question is: Why do I need to do this extra "stuff" in numerical calculations but not in other queries? I do understand (and SICP is quite clear about it) that in general information on "what to do" is insufficient to answer the question of "how to do it". So the declarative knowledge in (at least some) math problems is insufficient to actually solve these problems. But that begs the next question: How does this extra "stuff" in Prolog help me to restrict the formulation to just those problems where "what to do" is sufficient to answer "how to do it"?

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• Rails and SWFUpload: Sporadic Failure on Upload and Response Issue

  - by Gimli

  I've got SWFUpload version 2.5 beta 3 attached to my Rails 2.3.2 application and it works great 75% of the time. The other 25%, I get types of failure. The first failure is a failure to upload. The activity starts, but never actually sends the file to the servers. In my JS, when setting breakpoints, it stops between setting the post params and starting the upload (last two lines below): var params = { "authenticity_token": authToken, "photo[name]": $("#photo_name").val(), "photo[description]": $("#photo_description").val(), "photo[post_id]": $("#post_id").val() }; params[keyName] = key; swfu.setPostParams(params); swfu.startUpload(); It just occurred to me that the file might not being queued, but I've got a handler attached to show the file name in a text box and that works consistently. The second issue is this: Sometimes the response string is truncated. I'm rendering a partial in Rails without a layout to show the uploaded file data in my layout. Most of the time this partial comes through fine, but sometimes it comes through as only the first line, or only parts of the first several lines. The variables seem to be coming through into the view just fine. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Integer array or struct array - which is better?

  - by MusiGenesis

  In my app, I'm storing Bitmap data in a two-dimensional integer array (int[,]). To access the R, G and B values I use something like this: // read: int i = _data[x, y]; byte B = (byte)(i >> 0); byte G = (byte)(i >> 8); byte R = (byte)(i >> 16); // write: _data[x, y] = BitConverter.ToInt32(new byte[] { B, G, R, 0 }, 0); I'm using integer arrays instead of an actual System.Drawing.Bitmap because my app runs on Windows Mobile devices where the memory available for creating bitmaps is severely limited. I'm wondering, though, if it would make more sense to declare a structure like this: public struct RGB { public byte R; public byte G; public byte B; } ... and then use an array of RGB instead of an array of int. This way I could easily read and write the separate R, G and B values without having to do bit-shifting and BitConverter-ing. I vaguely remember something from days of yore about byte variables being block-aligned on 32-bit systems, so that a byte actually takes up 4 bytes of memory instead of just 1 (but maybe this was just a Visual Basic thing). Would using an array of structs (like the RGB example` above) be faster than using an array of ints, and would it use 3/4 the memory or 3 times the memory of ints?

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• Testing approach for multi-threaded software

  - by Shane MacLaughlin

  I have a piece of mature geospatial software that has recently had areas rewritten to take better advantage of the multiple processors available in modern PCs. Specifically, display, GUI, spatial searching, and main processing have all been hived off to seperate threads. The software has a pretty sizeable GUI automation suite for functional regression, and another smaller one for performance regression. While all automated tests are passing, I'm not convinced that they provide nearly enough coverage in terms of finding bugs relating race conditions, deadlocks, and other nasties associated with multi-threading. What techniques would you use to see if such bugs exist? What techniques would you advocate for rooting them out, assuming there are some in there to root out? What I'm doing so far is running the GUI functional automation on the app running under a debugger, such that I can break out of deadlocks and catch crashes, and plan to make a bounds checker build and repeat the tests against that version. I've also carried out a static analysis of the source via PC-Lint with the hope of locating potential dead locks, but not had any worthwhile results. The application is C++, MFC, mulitple document/view, with a number of threads per doc. The locking mechanism I'm using is based on an object that includes a pointer to a CMutex, which is locked in the ctor and freed in the dtor. I use local variables of this object to lock various bits of code as required, and my mutex has a time out that fires my a warning if the timeout is reached. I avoid locking where possible, using resource copies where possible instead. What other tests would you carry out?

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• Do variable references (alias) incure runtime costs in c++?

  - by cheshirekow

  Maybe this is a compiler specific thing. If so, how about for gcc (g++)? If you use a variable reference/alias like this: int x = 5; int& y = x; y += 10; Does it actually require more cycles than if we didn't use the reference. int x = 5; x += 10; In other words, does the machine code change, or does the "alias" happen only at the compiler level? This may seem like a dumb question, but I am curious. Especially in the case where maybe it would be convenient to temporarily rename some member variables just so that the math code is a little easier to read. Sure, we're not exactly talking about a bottleneck here... but it's something that I'm doing and so I'm just wondering if there is any 'actual' difference... or if it's only cosmetic.

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• Trouble with pointers and references in C++

  - by KingNestor

  I have a PolygonList and a Polygon type, which are std::lists of Points or lists of lists of points. class Point { public: int x, y; Point(int x1, int y1) { x = x1; y = y1; } }; typedef std::list<Point> Polygon; typedef std::list<Polygon> PolygonList; // List of all our polygons PolygonList polygonList; However, I'm confused on reference variables and pointers. For example, I would like to be able to reference the first Polygon in my polygonList, and push a new Point to it. So I attempted to set the front of the polygonList to a Polygon called currentPolygon like so: Polygon currentPolygon = polygonList.front(); currentPolygon.push_front(somePoint); and now, I can add points to currentPolygon, but these changes end up not being reflected in that same polygon in the polygonList. Is currentPolygon simply a copy of the Polygon in the front of polygonList? When I later iterate over polygonList all the points I've added to currentPolygon aren't shown. It works if I do this: polygonList.front().push_front(somePoint); Why aren't these the same and how can I create a reference to the physical front polygon rather than a copy of it?

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• Obtaining FontMetrics before getting a Graphics instance

  - by Tom Castle

  Typically, I'd obtain a graphics instance something like this: BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); Graphics2D g = img.createGraphics(); However, in the current project I'm working on, the width and height variables above are dependent upon the size of a number of text fragments that will later be drawn onto the graphics instance. But, to obtain the dimensions of the font being used I would usually use the FontMetrics that I get from the graphics object. FontMetrics metrics = g.getFontMetrics(); So, I have a nasty little dependency cycle. I cannot create the graphics object until I know the size of the text, and I cannot know the size of the text until I have a graphics object. One solution is just to create another BufferedImage/Graphics pair first in order to get the FontMetrics instance I need, but this seems unnecessary. So, is there a nicer way? Or is it the case that the width, height etc. properties for a Font are somehow dependent upon what (graphics, component...) the text is to be drawn on?

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• How to encapsulate a WinAPI application into a C++ class

  - by Semen Semenych

  There is a simple WinAPI application. All it does currently is this: register a window class register a tray icon with a menu create a value in the registry in order to autostart and finally, it checks if it's unique using a mutex As I'm used to writing code mainly in C++, and no MFC is allowed, I'm forced to encapsulate this into C++ classes somehow. So far I've come up with such a design: there is a class that represents the application it keeps all the wndclass, hinstance, etc variables, where the hinstance is passed as a constructor parameter as well as the icmdshow and others (see WinMain prototype) it has functions for registering the window class, tray icon, reigstry information it encapsulates the message loop in a function In WinMain, the following is done: Application app(hInstance, szCmdLIne, iCmdShow); return app.exec(); and the constructor does the following: registerClass(); registerTray(); registerAutostart(); So far so good. Now the question is : how do I create the window procedure (must be static, as it's a c-style pointer to a function) AND keep track of what the application object is, that is, keep a pointer to an Application around. The main question is : is this how it's usually done? Am I complicating things too much? Is it fine to pass hInstance as a parameter to the Application constructor? And where's the WndProc? Maybe WndProc should be outside of class and the Application pointer be global? Then WndProc invokes Application methods in response to various events.

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• Adding string items to a list of type Person C#

  - by user1862808

  Im makeing a simple registration application and I have an assignment to learn more about lists. I have an assignment that says that i am to create a class called Persons and in that class set the values from the text fields in variables and add this to a list of type Person. So far: in the Person class: string strSocialSecurityNumber = string.Empty;//---( This will not be used now.) string strFirstName = string.Empty; string strLastName = string.Empty; string strFullName = string.Empty; string strAge = string.Empty; string strAll = string.Empty; int intAge = 0; List<Person> lstPerson = new List<Person>(); public void SetValues(string FirstName, string LastName, int Age) { strFirstName = FirstName; strLastName = LastName; strFullName = strFirstName + " " + strLastName; intAge = Age; strAge = Convert.ToString(intAge); strAll = strAge + " " + strFullName; } public List<Person> Person() { lstPerson.Add(strAll); return lstPerson; } Error message: "can not convert from string to Person" The assignment says that the list is to be of the type Person so i am suppose to add strings to it and ive looked how to do this but I dont know how. I have seen that there are options like "ConvertAll" But im not sure if I am allowed to use it since the list should be of type Person. Thank you!

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• How do I build a filtered_streambuf based on basic_streambuf?

  - by swestrup

  I have a project that requires me to insert a filter into a stream so that outgoing data will be modified according to the filter. After some research, it seems that what I want to do is create a filtered_streambuf like this: template <class StreamBuf class filtered_streambuf: public StreamBuf { ... } And then insert a filtered_streambuf<> into whichever stream I need to be filtered. My problem is that I don't know what invariants I need to maintain while filtering a stream, in order to ensure that Derived classes can work as expected. In particular, I may find I have filtered_streambufs built over other filtered_streambufs. All the various stream inserters, extractors and manipulators work as expected. The trouble is that I just can't seem to work out what the minimal interface is that I need to supply in order to guarantee that an iostream will have what it needs to work correctly. In particular, do I need to fake the movement of the protected pointer variables, or not? Do I need a fake data buffer, or not? Can I just override the public functions, rewriting them in terms of the base streambuf, or is that too simplistic?

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• Calc_Anniversary Function with a Loop

  - by Rachel Ann Arndt

  Name: Calc_Anniversary Input: Pay_Date, Hire_Date, Termination_Date Output: "Y" if is the anniversary of the employee's Hire_Date, "N" if it is not, and "T" if he has been terminated before his anniversary. Description: Create local variables to hold the month and day of the employee's Date_of_Hire, Termination_Date, and of the processing date using the TO_CHAR function. First check to see if he was terminated before his anniversary. The anniversary could be on any day during the pay period, so there will be a loop to check all 14 days in the pay period to see if one was his anniversary. CREATE OR replace FUNCTION Calc_anniversary( incoming_anniversary_date IN VARCHAR2) RETURN BOOLEAN IS hiredate VARCHAR2(20); terminationdate VARCHAR(20); employeeid VARCHAR2(38); paydate NUMBER := 0; BEGIN SELECT Count(arndt_raw_time_sheet_data.pay_date) INTO paydate FROM arndt_raw_time_sheet_data; WHILE paydate <= 14 LOOP SELECT To_char(employee_id, '999'), To_char(hire_date, 'DD-MON'), To_char(termination_date, 'DD-MON') INTO employeeid, hiredate, terminationdate FROM employees, time_sheet WHERE employees.employee_id = time_sheet.employee_id AND paydate = pay_date; IF terminationdate > hiredate THEN RETURN 'T'; ELSE IF To_char(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON') = To_char(hiredate, 'DD-MON')THEN RETURN 'Y'; ELSE RETURN 'N'; END IF; END IF; paydate := paydate + 1; END LOOP; END; I need help with the loop..

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• Initialising vals which might throw an exception

  - by Paul Butcher

  I need to initialise a set of vals, where the code to initialise them might throw an exception. I'd love to write: try { val x = ... generate x value ... val y = ... generate y value ... } catch { ... exception handling ... } ... use x and y ... But this (obviously) doesn't work because x and y aren't in scope outside of the try. It's easy to solve the problem by using mutable variables: var x: Whatever = _ var y: Whatever = _ try { x = ... generate x value ... y = ... generate y value ... } catch { ... exception handling ... } ... use x and y ... But that's not exactly very nice. It's also easy to solve the problem by duplicating the exception handling: val x = try { ... generate x value ... } catch { ... exception handling ... } val y = try { ... generate y value ... } catch { ... exception handling ... } ... use x and y ... But that involves duplicating the exception handling. There must be a "nice" way, but it's eluding me.

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• Finding cause of memory leaks in large PHP stacks

  - by Mike B

  I have CLI script that runs over several thousand iterations between runs and it appears to have a memory leak. I'm using a tweaked version of Zend Framework with Smarty for view templating and each iteration uses several MB worth of code. The first run immediately uses nearly 8MB of memory (which is fine) but every following run adds about 80kb. My main loop looks like this (very simplified) $users = UsersModel::getUsers(); foreach($users as $user) { $obj = new doSomethingAwesome(); $obj->run($user); $obj = null; unset($obj); } The point is that everything in scope should be unset and the memory freed. My understanding is that PHP runs through its garbage collection process at it's own desire but it does so at the end of functions/methods/scripts. So something must be leaking memory inside doSomethingAwesome() but as I said it is a huge stack of code. Ideally, I would love to find some sort of tool that displayed all my variables no matter the scope at some point during execution. Some sort of symbol-table viewer for php. Does anything like that or any other tools that could help nail down memory leaks in php exist?

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• mod_rewrite to redirect URL with query string

  - by meeble

  I've searched all over stackoverflow, but none of the answers seem to be working for this situation. I have a lot of working mod_rewrite rules already in my httpd.conf file. I just recently found that Google had indexed one of my non-rewritten URLs with a query string in it: http://domain.com/?state=arizona I would like to use mod_rewrite to do a 301 redirect to this URL: http://domain.com/arizona The issue is that later on in my rewrite rules, that 2nd URL is being rewritten to pass query variables on to WordPress. It ends up getting rewritten to: http://domain.com/index.php?state=arizona Which is the proper functionality. Everything I have tried so far has either not worked at all or put me in an endless rewrite loop. This is what I have right now, which is getting stuck in a loop: RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} state=arizona [NC] RewriteRule .* http://domain.com/arizona [R=301,L] #older rewrite rule that passes query string based on URL: RewriteRule ^([A-Za-z-]+)$ index.php?state=$1 [L] which gives me an endless rewrite loop and takes me to this URL: http://domain.com/arizona?state=arizona I then tried this: RewriteRule .* http://domain.com/arizona? [R=301,L] which got rid of the query string in the URL, but still creates a loop.

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• Filtering a PHP array containing dates into a yearly summary

  - by privateace

  I'm looking at a way to create a summary of transactions within a certain month based on the contents of a PHP array. Intended outcome (excusing layout): ------------------------------------------- | December 2009 | 12 | | January 2010 | 02 | | February 2010 | 47 | | March 2010 | 108 | | April 2010 | 499 | ------------------------------------------- Based on my array: Array ( [0] => Array ( [name] => 2009-10-23 [values] => Array ( [0] => INzY2MTI4ZWM4OGRm ) ) [1] => Array ( [name] => 2009-10-26 [values] => Array ( [0] => IYmIzOWNmMmU3OWQz ) ) [2] => Array ( [name] => 2009-11-23 [values] => Array ( [0] => INTg4YzgxYWU1ODkx [1] => IMjhkNDZkY2FjNDhl ) ) [3] => Array ( [name] => 2009-11-24 [values] => Array ( [0] => INTg4YzgxYWU1ODkx [1] => INTg4YzgxYWU1ODkx ) ) [4] => Array ( [name] => 2009-12-01 [values] => Array ( [0] => IMWFiODk5ZjU1OTFk ) ) I've had absolutely no luck no matter what I've tried. Especially with adding months that do not contain any variables.

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• Create static instances of a class inside said class in Python

  - by Samir Talwar

  Apologies if I've got the terminology wrong here—I can't think what this particular idiom would be called. I've been trying to create a Python 3 class that statically declares instances of itself inside itself—sort of like an enum would work. Here's a simplified version of the code I wrote: class Test: A = Test("A") B = Test("B") def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def __str__(self): return "Test: " + self.value print(str(Test.A)) print(str(Test.B)) Writing this, I got an exception on line 2 (A = Test("A")). I assume line 3 would also error if it had made it that far. Using __class__ instead of Test gives the same error. File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "<stdin>", line 2, in Test NameError: name 'Test' is not defined Is there any way to refer to the current class in a static context in Python? I could declare these particular variables outside the class or in a separate class, but for clarity's sake, I'd rather not if I can help it. To better demonstrate what I'm trying to do, here's the same example in Java: public class Test { private static final Test A = new Test("A"); private static final Test B = new Test("B"); private final String value; public Test(String value) { this.value = value; } public String toString() { return "Test: " + value; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(A); System.out.println(B); } } This works as you would expect: it prints: Test: A Test: B How can I do the same thing in Python?

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• C++ converting back and forth from derived and base classes

  - by user127817

  I was wondering if there is a way in C++ to accomplish the following: I have a base class called ResultBase and two class that are Derived from it, Variable and Expression. I have a few methods that do work on vector<ResultBase> . I want to be able to pass in vectors of Variable and Expression into these methods. I can achieve this by creating a vector<ResultBase> and using static_cast to fill it with the members from my vector of Variable/Expression. However, once the vector has run through the methods, I want to be able to get it back as the vector of Result/Expression. I'll know for sure which one I want back. static_cast won't work here as there isn't a method to reconstruct a Variable/Expression from a ResultBase, and more importantly I wouldn't have the original properties of the Variables/Expressions The methods modify some of the properties of the ResultBase and I need those changes to be reflected in the original vectors. (i.e. ResultBase has a property called IsLive, and one of the methods will modify this property. I want this IsLive value to be reflected in the derived class used to create the ResultBase Whats the easiest way to accomplish this?

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• How to modify Keyboard interrupt (under Windows XP) from a C++ Program ?

  - by rockr90

  Hi everyone ! We have been given a little project (As part of my OS course) to make a Windows program that modifies keyboard input, so that it transforms any lowercase character entered into an uppercase one (without using caps-lock) ! so when you type on the keyboard you'll see what you're typing transformed into uppercase ! I have done this quite easily using Turbo C by calling geninterrupt() and using variables _AH, _AL, i had to read a character using: _AH = 0x07; // Reading a character without echo geninterrupt(0x21); // Dos interrupt Then to transform it into an Upercase letter i have to mask the 5th bit by using: _AL = _AL & 0xDF; // Masking the entered character with 11011111 and then i will display the character using any output routine. Now, this solution will only work under old C DOS compilers. But what we intend to do is to make a close or similar solution to this by using any modern C/C++ compiler under Windows XP ! What i have first thought of is modifying the Keyboard ISR so that it masks the fifth bit of any entered character to turn it uppercase ! But i do not know how exactly to do this. Second, I wanted to create a Win32 console program to either do the same solution (but to no avail) or make a windows-compatible solution, still i do not know which functions to use ! Third I thought to make a windows program that modifies the ISR directly to suit my needs ! and i'm still looking for how to do this ! So please, If you could help me out on this, I would greatly appreciate it ! Thank you in advance ! (I'm using Windows XP on intel X86 with mingw-GCC compiler.)

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• Function behaviour on shell(ksh) script

  - by footy

  Here are 2 different versions of a program: this Program: #!/usr/bin/ksh printmsg() { i=1 print "hello function :)"; } i=0; echo I printed `printmsg`; printmsg echo $i Output: # ksh e I printed hello function :) hello function :) 1 and Program: #!/usr/bin/ksh printmsg() { i=1 print "hello function :)"; } i=0; echo I printed `printmsg`; echo $i Output: # ksh e I printed hello function :) 0 The only difference between the above 2 programs is that printmsg is 2times in the above program while printmsg is called once in the below program. My Doubt arises here: To quote Be warned: Functions act almost just like external scripts... except that by default, all variables are SHARED between the same ksh process! If you change a variable name inside a function.... that variable's value will still be changed after you have left the function!! But we can clearly see in the 2nd program's output that the value of i remains unchanged. But we are sure that the function is called as the print statement gets the the output of the function and prints it. So why is the output different in both?

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