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  • How much does college (e.g. a compsci major) factor into a programmer's resume? [closed]

    - by Brandon
    I was having an argument with a friend who claims that given roughly equal skill, someone with a college degree from a name school is going to start at a significantly better job (e.g. a higher-end company) for his first job; and because of this, he's also going to be significantly ahead for his second job. Here are my two questions: given equal skill, how much does college factor into a programmer's overall career? if someone has the technical skills to work competently as as programmer, is it worth it for him to go to college first? if the degree is significant, is it significant whether the degree is from an average college or a higher-tier college (e.g. Stanford, MIT)?

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  • Most efficient way to maintain a 'set' in SQL Server?

    - by SEVEN YEAR LIBERAL ARTS DEGREE
    I have ~2 million rows or so of data, each row with an artificial PK, and two Id fields (so: PK, ID1, ID2). I have a unique constraint (and index) on ID1+ID2. I get two sorts of updates, both with a distinct ID1 per update. 100-1000 rows of all-new data (ID1 is new) 100-1000 rows of largely, but not necessarily completely overlapping data (ID1 already exists, maybe new ID1+ID2 pairs) What's the most efficient way to maintain this 'set'? Here are the options as I see them: Delete all the rows with ID1, insert all the new rows (yikes) Query all the existing rows from the set of new data ID1+ID2, only insert the new rows Insert all the new rows, ignore inserts that trigger unique constraint violations Any thoughts?

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  • ASP.NET Hosting :: ASP.NET File Upload Control

    - by mbridge
    The asp.net FileUpload control allows a user to browse and upload files to the web server. From developers perspective, it is as simple as dragging and dropping the FileUpload control to the aspx page. An extra control, like a Button control, or some other control is needed, to actually save the file. <asp:FileUploadID="FileUpload1"runat="server"/> <asp:ButtonID="B1"runat="server"Text="Save"OnClick="B1_Click"/> By default, the FileUpload control allows a maximum of 4MB file to be uploaded and the execution timeout is 110 seconds. These properties can be changed from within the web.config file’s httpRuntime section. The maxRequestLength property determines the maximum file size that can be uploaded. The executionTimeout property determines the maximum time for execution. <httpRuntimemaxRequestLength="8192"executionTimeout="220"/> From code behind, the mime type, size of the file, file name and the extension of the file can be obtained. The maximum file size that can be uploaded can be obtained and modified using the System.Web.Configuration.HttpRuntimeSection class. Files can be alternatively saved using the System.IO.HttpFileCollection class. This collection class can be populated using the Request.Files property. The collection contains HttpPostedFile class which contains a reference to the class. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.IO; using System.Configuration; using System.Web.Configuration;   namespace WebApplication1 {     public partial class WebControls : System.Web.UI.Page     {         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)         {         }           //Using FileUpload control to upload and save files         protected void B1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)         {             if (FileUpload1.HasFile && FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength > 0)             {                 //mime type of the uploaded file                 string mimeType = FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentType;                   //size of the uploaded file                 int size = FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength; // bytes                   //extension of the uploaded file                 string extension = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(FileUpload1.FileName);                                  //save file                 string path = Server.MapPath("path");                                 FileUpload1.SaveAs(path + FileUpload1.FileName);                              }             //maximum file size allowed             HttpRuntimeSection rt = new HttpRuntimeSection();             rt.MaxRequestLength = rt.MaxRequestLength * 2;             int length = rt.MaxRequestLength;                     //execution timeout             TimeSpan ts = rt.ExecutionTimeout;             double secomds = ts.TotalSeconds;           }           //Using Request.Files to save files         private void AltSaveFile()         {             HttpFileCollection coll = Request.Files;             for (int i = 0; i < coll.Count; i++)             {                 HttpPostedFile file = coll[i];                   if (file.ContentLength > 0)                     ;//do something             }         }     } }

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  • Averaging initial values for rolling series

    - by Dave Jarvis
    Question Given a maximum sliding window size of 40 (i.e., the set of numbers in the list cannot exceed 40), what is the calculation to ensure a smooth averaging transition as the set size grows from 1 to 40? Problem Description Creating a trend line for a set of data has skewed initial values. The complete set of values is unknown at runtime: they are provided one at a time. It seems like a reverse-weighted average is required so that the initial values are averaged differently. In the image below the leftmost data for the trend line are incorrectly averaged. Current Solution Created a new type of ArrayList subclass that calculates the appropriate values and ensures its size never goes beyond the bounds of the sliding window: /** * A list of Double values that has a maximum capacity enforced by a sliding * window. Can calculate the average of its values. */ public class AveragingList extends ArrayList<Double> { private float slidingWindowSize = 0.0f; /** * The initial capacity is used for the sliding window size. * @param slidingWindowSize */ public AveragingList( int slidingWindowSize ) { super( slidingWindowSize ); setSlidingWindowSize( ( float )slidingWindowSize ); } public boolean add( Double d ) { boolean result = super.add( d ); // Prevent the list from exceeding the maximum sliding window size. // if( size() > getSlidingWindowSize() ) { remove( 0 ); } return result; } /** * Calculate the average. * * @return The average of the values stored in this list. */ public double average() { double result = 0.0; int size = size(); for( Double d: this ) { result += d.doubleValue(); } return (double)result / (double)size; } /** * Changes the maximum number of numbers stored in this list. * * @param slidingWindowSize New maximum number of values to remember. */ public void setSlidingWindowSize( float slidingWindowSize ) { this.slidingWindowSize = slidingWindowSize; } /** * Returns the number used to determine the maximum values this list can * store before it removes the first entry upon adding another value. * @return The maximum number of numbers stored in this list. */ public float getSlidingWindowSize() { return slidingWindowSize; } } Resulting Image Example Input The data comes into the function one value at a time. For example, data points (Data) and calculated averages (Avg) typically look as follows: Data: 17.0 Avg : 17.0 Data: 17.0 Avg : 17.0 Data: 5.0 Avg : 13.0 Data: 5.0 Avg : 11.0  Related Sites The following pages describe moving averages, but typically when all (or sufficient) data is known: http://www.cs.princeton.edu/introcs/15inout/MovingAverage.java.html http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2161815/r-zoo-series-sliding-window-calculation http://taragana.blogspot.com/ http://www.dreamincode.net/forums/index.php?showtopic=92508 http://blogs.sun.com/nickstephen/entry/dtrace_and_moving_rolling_averages

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  • Bacula & Multiple Tape Devices, and so on

    - by Tom O'Connor
    Bacula won't make use of 2 tape devices simultaneously. (Search for #-#-# for the TL;DR) A little background, perhaps. In the process of trying to get a decent working backup solution (backing up 20TB ain't cheap, or easy) at $dayjob, we bought a bunch of things to make it work. Firstly, there's a Spectra Logic T50e autochanger, 40 slots of LTO5 goodness, and that robot's got a pair of IBM HH5 Ultrium LTO5 drives, connected via FibreChannel Arbitrated Loop to our backup server. There's the backup server.. A Dell R715 with 2x 16 core AMD 62xx CPUs, and 32GB of RAM. Yummy. That server's got 2 Emulex FCe-12000E cards, and an Intel X520-SR dual port 10GE NIC. We were also sold Commvault Backup (non-NDMP). Here's where it gets really complicated. Spectra Logic and Commvault both sent respective engineers, who set up the library and the software. Commvault was running fine, in so far as the controller was working fine. The Dell server has Ubuntu 12.04 server, and runs the MediaAgent for CommVault, and mounts our BlueArc NAS as NFS to a few mountpoints, like /home, and some stuff in /mnt. When backing up from the NFS mountpoints, we were seeing ~= 290GB/hr throughput. That's CRAP, considering we've got 20-odd TB to get through, in a <48 hour backup window. The rated maximum on the BlueArc is 700MB/s (2460GB/hr), the rated maximum write speed on the tape devices is 140MB/s, per drive, so that's 492GB/hr (or double it, for the total throughput). So, the next step was to benchmark NFS performance with IOzone, and it turns out that we get epic write performance (across 20 threads), and it's like 1.5-2.5TB/hr write, but read performance is fecking hopeless. I couldn't ever get higher than 343GB/hr maximum. So let's assume that the 343GB/hr is a theoretical maximum for read performance on the NAS, then we should in theory be able to get that performance out of a) CommVault, and b) any other backup agent. Not the case. Commvault seems to only ever give me 200-250GB/hr throughput, and out of experimentation, I installed Bacula to see what the state of play there is. If, for example, Bacula gave consistently better performance and speeds than Commvault, then we'd be able to say "**$.$ Refunds Plz $.$**" #-#-# Alas, I found a different problem with Bacula. Commvault seems pretty happy to read from one part of the mountpoint with one thread, and stream that to a Tape device, whilst reading from some other directory with the other thread, and writing to the 2nd drive in the autochanger. I can't for the life of me get Bacula to mount and write to two tape drives simultaneously. Things I've tried: Setting Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 in the Director, File and Storage Daemons Setting Prefer Mounted Volumes = no in the Job Definition Setting multiple devices in the Autochanger resource. Documentation seems to be very single-drive centric, and we feel a little like we've strapped a rocket to a hamster, with this one. The majority of example Bacula configurations are for DDS4 drives, manual tape swapping, and FreeBSD or IRIX systems. I should probably add that I'm not too bothered if this isn't possible, but I'd be surprised. I basically want to use Bacula as proof to stick it to the software vendors that they're overpriced ;) I read somewhere that @KyleBrandt has done something similar with a modern Tape solution.. Configuration Files: *bacula-dir.conf* # # Default Bacula Director Configuration file Director { # define myself Name = backuphost-1-dir DIRport = 9101 # where we listen for UA connections QueryFile = "/etc/bacula/scripts/query.sql" WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" PidDirectory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 Password = "yourekiddingright" # Console password Messages = Daemon DirAddress = 0.0.0.0 #DirAddress = 127.0.0.1 } JobDefs { Name = "DefaultFileJob" Type = Backup Level = Incremental Client = backuphost-1-fd FileSet = "Full Set" Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" Storage = File Messages = Standard Pool = File Priority = 10 Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr" } JobDefs { Name = "DefaultTapeJob" Type = Backup Level = Incremental Client = backuphost-1-fd FileSet = "Full Set" Schedule = "WeeklyCycle" Storage = "SpectraLogic" Messages = Standard Pool = AllTapes Priority = 10 Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%c.bsr" Prefer Mounted Volumes = no } # # Define the main nightly save backup job # By default, this job will back up to disk in /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir Job { Name = "BackupClient1" JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob" } Job { Name = "BackupThisVolume" JobDefs = "DefaultTapeJob" FileSet = "SpecialVolume" } #Job { # Name = "BackupClient2" # Client = backuphost-12-fd # JobDefs = "DefaultJob" #} # Backup the catalog database (after the nightly save) Job { Name = "BackupCatalog" JobDefs = "DefaultFileJob" Level = Full FileSet="Catalog" Schedule = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" # This creates an ASCII copy of the catalog # Arguments to make_catalog_backup.pl are: # make_catalog_backup.pl <catalog-name> RunBeforeJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/make_catalog_backup.pl MyCatalog" # This deletes the copy of the catalog RunAfterJob = "/etc/bacula/scripts/delete_catalog_backup" Write Bootstrap = "/var/lib/bacula/%n.bsr" Priority = 11 # run after main backup } # # Standard Restore template, to be changed by Console program # Only one such job is needed for all Jobs/Clients/Storage ... # Job { Name = "RestoreFiles" Type = Restore Client=backuphost-1-fd FileSet="Full Set" Storage = File Pool = Default Messages = Standard Where = /srv/bacula/restore } FileSet { Name = "SpecialVolume" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = /mnt/SpecialVolume } Exclude { File = /var/lib/bacula File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir File = /proc File = /tmp File = /.journal File = /.fsck } } # List of files to be backed up FileSet { Name = "Full Set" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = /usr/sbin } Exclude { File = /var/lib/bacula File = /nonexistant/path/to/file/archive/dir File = /proc File = /tmp File = /.journal File = /.fsck } } Schedule { Name = "WeeklyCycle" Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05 Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05 Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05 } # This schedule does the catalog. It starts after the WeeklyCycle Schedule { Name = "WeeklyCycleAfterBackup" Run = Full sun-sat at 23:10 } # This is the backup of the catalog FileSet { Name = "Catalog" Include { Options { signature = MD5 } File = "/var/lib/bacula/bacula.sql" } } # Client (File Services) to backup Client { Name = backuphost-1-fd Address = localhost FDPort = 9102 Catalog = MyCatalog Password = "surelyyourejoking" # password for FileDaemon File Retention = 30 days # 30 days Job Retention = 6 months # six months AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files } # # Second Client (File Services) to backup # You should change Name, Address, and Password before using # #Client { # Name = backuphost-12-fd # Address = localhost2 # FDPort = 9102 # Catalog = MyCatalog # Password = "i'mnotjokinganddontcallmeshirley" # password for FileDaemon 2 # File Retention = 30 days # 30 days # Job Retention = 6 months # six months # AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired Jobs/Files #} # Definition of file storage device Storage { Name = File # Do not use "localhost" here Address = localhost # N.B. Use a fully qualified name here SDPort = 9103 Password = "lalalalala" Device = FileStorage Media Type = File } Storage { Name = "SpectraLogic" Address = localhost SDPort = 9103 Password = "linkedinmakethebestpasswords" Device = Drive-1 Device = Drive-2 Media Type = LTO5 Autochanger = yes } # Generic catalog service Catalog { Name = MyCatalog # Uncomment the following line if you want the dbi driver # dbdriver = "dbi:sqlite3"; dbaddress = 127.0.0.1; dbport = dbname = "bacula"; DB Address = ""; dbuser = "bacula"; dbpassword = "bbmaster63" } # Reasonable message delivery -- send most everything to email address # and to the console Messages { Name = Standard mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: %t %e of %c %l\" %r" operatorcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula: Intervention needed for %j\" %r" mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped operator = root@localhost = mount console = all, !skipped, !saved # # WARNING! the following will create a file that you must cycle from # time to time as it will grow indefinitely. However, it will # also keep all your messages if they scroll off the console. # append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped catalog = all } # # Message delivery for daemon messages (no job). Messages { Name = Daemon mailcommand = "/usr/lib/bacula/bsmtp -h localhost -f \"\(Bacula\) \<%r\>\" -s \"Bacula daemon message\" %r" mail = root@localhost = all, !skipped console = all, !skipped, !saved append = "/var/lib/bacula/log" = all, !skipped } # Default pool definition Pool { Name = Default Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 365 days # one year } # File Pool definition Pool { Name = File Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes # Bacula can automatically recycle Volumes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 365 days # one year Maximum Volume Bytes = 50G # Limit Volume size to something reasonable Maximum Volumes = 100 # Limit number of Volumes in Pool } Pool { Name = AllTapes Pool Type = Backup Recycle = yes AutoPrune = yes # Prune expired volumes Volume Retention = 31 days # one Moth } # Scratch pool definition Pool { Name = Scratch Pool Type = Backup } # # Restricted console used by tray-monitor to get the status of the director # Console { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "LastFMalsostorePasswordsLikeThis" CommandACL = status, .status } bacula-sd.conf # # Default Bacula Storage Daemon Configuration file # Storage { # definition of myself Name = backuphost-1-sd SDPort = 9103 # Director's port WorkingDirectory = "/var/lib/bacula" Pid Directory = "/var/run/bacula" Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 SDAddress = 0.0.0.0 # SDAddress = 127.0.0.1 } # # List Directors who are permitted to contact Storage daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-dir Password = "passwordslinplaintext" } # # Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the # status of the storage daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "totalinsecurityabound" Monitor = yes } Device { Name = FileStorage Media Type = File Archive Device = /srv/bacula/archive LabelMedia = yes; # lets Bacula label unlabeled media Random Access = Yes; AutomaticMount = yes; # when device opened, read it RemovableMedia = no; AlwaysOpen = no; } Autochanger { Name = SpectraLogic Device = Drive-1 Device = Drive-2 Changer Command = "/etc/bacula/scripts/mtx-changer %c %o %S %a %d" Changer Device = /dev/sg4 } Device { Name = Drive-1 Drive Index = 0 Archive Device = /dev/nst0 Changer Device = /dev/sg4 Media Type = LTO5 AutoChanger = yes RemovableMedia = yes; AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RandomAccess = no; LabelMedia = yes } Device { Name = Drive-2 Drive Index = 1 Archive Device = /dev/nst1 Changer Device = /dev/sg4 Media Type = LTO5 AutoChanger = yes RemovableMedia = yes; AutomaticMount = yes; AlwaysOpen = yes; RandomAccess = no; LabelMedia = yes } # # Send all messages to the Director, # mount messages also are sent to the email address # Messages { Name = Standard director = backuphost-1-dir = all } bacula-fd.conf # # Default Bacula File Daemon Configuration file # # # List Directors who are permitted to contact this File daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-dir Password = "hahahahahaha" } # # Restricted Director, used by tray-monitor to get the # status of the file daemon # Director { Name = backuphost-1-mon Password = "hohohohohho" Monitor = yes } # # "Global" File daemon configuration specifications # FileDaemon { # this is me Name = backuphost-1-fd FDport = 9102 # where we listen for the director WorkingDirectory = /var/lib/bacula Pid Directory = /var/run/bacula Maximum Concurrent Jobs = 20 #FDAddress = 127.0.0.1 FDAddress = 0.0.0.0 } # Send all messages except skipped files back to Director Messages { Name = Standard director = backuphost-1-dir = all, !skipped, !restored }

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  • Disable .htaccess from apache allowoverride none, still reads .htaccess files

    - by John Magnolia
    I have moved all of our .htaccess config into <Directory> blocks and set AllowOverride None in the default and default-ssl. Although after restarting apache it is still reading the .htaccess files. How can I completely turn off reading these files? Update of all files with "AllowOverride" /etc/apache2/mods-available/userdir.conf <IfModule mod_userdir.c> UserDir public_html UserDir disabled root <Directory /home/*/public_html> AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Limit> <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Order deny,allow Deny from all </LimitExcept> </Directory> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/mods-available/alias.conf <IfModule alias_module> # # Aliases: Add here as many aliases as you need (with no limit). The format is # Alias fakename realname # # Note that if you include a trailing / on fakename then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. So "/icons" isn't aliased in this # example, only "/icons/". If the fakename is slash-terminated, then the # realname must also be slash terminated, and if the fakename omits the # trailing slash, the realname must also omit it. # # We include the /icons/ alias for FancyIndexed directory listings. If # you do not use FancyIndexing, you may comment this out. # Alias /icons/ "/usr/share/apache2/icons/" <Directory "/usr/share/apache2/icons"> Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/httpd.conf # # Directives to allow use of AWStats as a CGI # Alias /awstatsclasses "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/classes/" Alias /awstatscss "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/css/" Alias /awstatsicons "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/icon/" ScriptAlias /awstats/ "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot/cgi-bin/" # # This is to permit URL access to scripts/files in AWStats directory. # <Directory "/usr/share/doc/awstats/examples/wwwroot"> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /awstats-icon/ /usr/share/awstats/icon/ <Directory /usr/share/awstats/icon> Options None AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl <IfModule mod_ssl.c> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ssl_access.log combined # SSL Engine Switch: # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host. SSLEngine on # A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing # the ssl-cert package. See # /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/README.Debian.gz for more info. # If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the # SSLCertificateFile directive is needed. SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convinience. #SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt # Certificate Authority (CA): # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/ #SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL): # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all # of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ #SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl # Client Authentication (Type): # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid. #SSLVerifyClient require #SSLVerifyDepth 10 # Access Control: # With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based # on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server # variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a # mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation # for more details. #<Location /> #SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \ # and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \ # and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \ # or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/ #</Location> # SSL Engine Options: # Set various options for the SSL engine. # o FakeBasicAuth: # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate. # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'. # o ExportCertData: # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates # into CGI scripts. # o StdEnvVars: # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables. # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons, # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only. # o StrictRequire: # This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even # under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied # and no other module can change it. # o OptRenegotiate: # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL # directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # SSL Protocol Adjustments: # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown # approach you can use one of the following variables: # o ssl-unclean-shutdown: # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no # SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert. # o ssl-accurate-shutdown: # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation # works correctly. # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this. # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and # "force-response-1.0" for this. BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # MSIE 7 and newer should be able to use keepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown </VirtualHost> </IfModule> /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options -Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /delboy /usr/share/phpmyadmin <Directory /usr/share/phpmyadmin> # Restrict phpmyadmin access Order Deny,Allow Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> /etc/apache2/conf.d/security # # Disable access to the entire file system except for the directories that # are explicitly allowed later. # # This currently breaks the configurations that come with some web application # Debian packages. # #<Directory /> # AllowOverride None # Order Deny,Allow # Deny from all #</Directory> # Changing the following options will not really affect the security of the # server, but might make attacks slightly more difficult in some cases. # # ServerTokens # This directive configures what you return as the Server HTTP response # Header. The default is 'Full' which sends information about the OS-Type # and compiled in modules. # Set to one of: Full | OS | Minimal | Minor | Major | Prod # where Full conveys the most information, and Prod the least. # #ServerTokens Minimal ServerTokens OS #ServerTokens Full # # Optionally add a line containing the server version and virtual host # name to server-generated pages (internal error documents, FTP directory # listings, mod_status and mod_info output etc., but not CGI generated # documents or custom error documents). # Set to "EMail" to also include a mailto: link to the ServerAdmin. # Set to one of: On | Off | EMail # #ServerSignature Off ServerSignature On # # Allow TRACE method # # Set to "extended" to also reflect the request body (only for testing and # diagnostic purposes). # # Set to one of: On | Off | extended # TraceEnable Off #TraceEnable On /etc/apache2/apache2.conf # # Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool. # # This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the # configuration directives that give the server its instructions. # See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/ for detailed information about # the directives. # # Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding # what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure # consult the online docs. You have been warned. # # The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections: # 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a # whole (the 'global environment'). # 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server, # which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host. # These directives also provide default values for the settings # of all virtual hosts. # 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to # different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the # same Apache server process. # # Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many # of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the # server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin # with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "foo.log" # with ServerRoot set to "/etc/apache2" will be interpreted by the # server as "/etc/apache2/foo.log". # ### Section 1: Global Environment # # The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache, # such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it # can find its configuration files. # # # ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's # configuration, error, and log files are kept. # # NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network) # mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available # at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>); # you will save yourself a lot of trouble. # # Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path. # #ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" # # The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK. # LockFile ${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/accept.lock # # PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process # identification number when it starts. # This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars # PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE} # # Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out. # Timeout 300 # # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive On # # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 # # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the # same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 4 ## ## Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific) ## # prefork MPM # StartServers: number of server processes to start # MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare # MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 500 </IfModule> # worker MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadLimit: ThreadsPerChild can be changed to this maximum value during a # graceful restart. ThreadLimit can only be changed by stopping # and starting Apache. # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers 2 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # event MPM # StartServers: initial number of server processes to start # MaxClients: maximum number of simultaneous client connections # MinSpareThreads: minimum number of worker threads which are kept spare # MaxSpareThreads: maximum number of worker threads which are kept spare # ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in each server process # MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves <IfModule mpm_event_module> StartServers 2 MaxClients 150 MinSpareThreads 25 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadLimit 64 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> # These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars User ${APACHE_RUN_USER} Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP} # # AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory # for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride # directive. # AccessFileName .htaccess # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ~ "^\.ht"> Order allow,deny Deny from all Satisfy all </Files> # # DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are # text. # DefaultType text/plain # # HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses # e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off). # The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people # had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that # each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the # nameserver. # HostnameLookups Off # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn # Include module configuration: Include mods-enabled/*.load Include mods-enabled/*.conf # Include all the user configurations: Include httpd.conf # Include ports listing Include ports.conf # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # If you are behind a reverse proxy, you might want to change %h into %{X-Forwarded-For}i # LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent # Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files, # see README.Debian for details. # Include generic snippets of statements Include conf.d/ # Include the virtual host configurations: Include sites-enabled/

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  • Sql-server-2008 client Access license

    - by thushya
    Hi, case 1 : i have one user makes 10 connection from single computer, maximum number of connection at a given time = 10, what is the number CAL i need here ? case 2 : i have 10 users have access to only 1 computer, 10 user connect from single computer - maximum connection at any given time = 1, what is the number CAL i need here ? case 3 : i have 10 users using 10 computers, all 10 are making total of 5 connection maximum in any given time, what is the number of CAL i need here ? Thanks.

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  • ql-server-2008 client Access license

    - by thushya
    Hi, case 1 : i have one user makes 10 connection from single computer, maximum number of connection at a given time = 10, what is the number CAL i need here ? case 2 : i have 10 users have access to only 1 computer, 10 user connect from single computer - maximum connection at any given time = 1, what is the number CAL i need here ? case 3 : i have 10 users using 10 computers, all 10 are making total of 5 connection maximum in any given time, what is the number of CAL i need here ? Thanks.

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  • Ubuntu can't find the correct max resolution with Samsung SyncMaster SA300

    - by fatmatto
    i decided to install ubuntu also on my desktop PC (Windows has been exorcised from my life) but i am having some problems i didn't have with previous hardware configurations. My display is a Samsung SyncMaster SA300, on windows vista the maximum resolution (1920x1080) worked well, but now, ubuntu (after installing fglrx drivers) tells me that the maximum resolution is 1600x1200 I googled a lot last night, and i found a lot of people solving this (on different displays though) with xrandr. I was not able to do it, because xrandr keep complaining "you goddamn maximum resolution is 1600x1600". What xranrd clean command say is: mattia@fatdesktop:~$ xrandr Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1600 x 1200, maximum 1600 x 1600 DFP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) CRT1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) CRT2 connected 1600x1200+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm 1600x1200 60.0*+ 1400x1050 60.0 1280x1024 60.0 47.0 43.0 1440x900 59.9 1280x960 60.0 1280x800 60.0 1152x864 60.0 47.0 43.0 1280x768 59.9 56.0 1280x720 60.0 50.0 1024x768 60.0 43.5 800x600 60.3 56.2 47.0 720x576 50.0 720x480 60.0 640x480 60.0 TV disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) CV disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) Then according to other internet posts and forums: mattia@fatdesktop:~$ cvt 1920 1080 60 # 1920x1080 59.96 Hz (CVT 2.07M9) hsync: 67.16 kHz; pclk: 173.00 MHz Modeline "1920x1080_60.00" 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync So now i have to add that modeline mattia@fatdesktop:~$ xrandr --newmode "1920x1080_60.00" 173.00 1920 2048 2248 2576 1080 1083 1088 1120 -hsync +vsync mattia@fatdesktop:~$ xrandr --addmode CRT2 1920x1080_60.00 And here comes the pain: mattia@fatdesktop:~$ xrandr --output CRT2 --mode 1920x1080_60.00 xrandr: **screen cannot be larger than 1600x1600 (desired size 1920x1080)** See? screen cannot be larger than 1600x1600 (desired size 1920x1080) At this point, the 1920x1080 option appears inside the resolution choice menu (the graphical one). But last night, when i tried to select it, my screen went black, and i had to power off the pc. Any clues? am i on the wrong path?

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  • RPGMakerVX - Changing item_max?

    - by rackemup420
    I've been working on a game for awhile and I am developing it with RPG Maker VX. I came to a point where I needed to... I guess for lack of better explanation... Limit the key items to just 1. So I started looking through my scripts and found (in Game_Party): #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # * Get Maximum Number of Items Possessed #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- def max_item_number(item) return 99 end and added below it: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # * Get Maximum Number of Key Items Possessed #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- def max_key_item_number(item) return 1 end and right below that is: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # * Determine if Maximum Number of Items Are Possessed #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- def item_max?(item) item_number(item) >= max_item_number(item) end So I changed the last one too: #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # * Determine if Maximum Number of Items Are Possessed #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- def item_max?(item) if key_item? == true item_number(item) >= max_key_item_number(item) end if key_item? == false item_number(item) >= max_item_number(item) end end Now this seemed to not affect anything (that I could tell). I tested it and its still the same as before I touched anything. I am new to developing games and relatively new to scripting for them. Is this approach even close to what I want to do? Any help is greatly apprecieated!

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  • Resultant of a polynomial with x^n–1

    - by devin.omalley
    Resultant of a polynomial with x^n–1 (mod p) I am implementing the NTRUSign algorithm as described in http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1363/lattPK/submissions/EESS1v2.pdf , section 2.2.7.1 which involves computing the resultant of a polynomial. I keep getting a zero vector for the resultant which is obviously incorrect. private static CompResResult compResMod(IntegerPolynomial f, int p) { int N = f.coeffs.length; IntegerPolynomial a = new IntegerPolynomial(N); a.coeffs[0] = -1; a.coeffs[N-1] = 1; IntegerPolynomial b = new IntegerPolynomial(f.coeffs); IntegerPolynomial v1 = new IntegerPolynomial(N); IntegerPolynomial v2 = new IntegerPolynomial(N); v2.coeffs[0] = 1; int da = a.degree(); int db = b.degree(); int ta = da; int c = 0; int r = 1; while (db > 0) { c = invert(b.coeffs[db], p); c = (c * a.coeffs[da]) % p; IntegerPolynomial cb = b.clone(); cb.mult(c); cb.shift(da - db); a.sub(cb, p); IntegerPolynomial v2c = v2.clone(); v2c.mult(c); v2c.shift(da - db); v1.sub(v2c, p); if (a.degree() < db) { r *= (int)Math.pow(b.coeffs[db], ta-a.degree()); r %= p; if (ta%2==1 && db%2==1) r = (-r) % p; IntegerPolynomial temp = a; a = b; b = temp; temp = v1; v1 = v2; v2 = temp; ta = db; } da = a.degree(); db = b.degree(); } r *= (int)Math.pow(b.coeffs[0], da); r %= p; c = invert(b.coeffs[0], p); v2.mult(c); v2.mult(r); v2.mod(p); return new CompResResult(v2, r); } There is pseudocode in http://www.crypto.rub.de/imperia/md/content/texte/theses/da_driessen.pdf which looks very similar. Why is my code not working? Are there any intermediate results I can check? I am not posting the IntegerPolynomial code because it isn't too interesting and I have unit tests for it that pass. CompResResult is just a simple "Java struct".

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  • Conditionals in Antlr String Templates

    - by Pat Long - Munkii Yebee
    We are using Antlr StringTemplates to give control over how a Entity's Name is output. The basic Stringtemplate is $FirstName$ $Initial$ $LastName$, $Suffix$, $Degree$ I want to add some smarts to that template so that the commas are only output when necessary i.e. The first comma is only output when there is a Suffix or Degree and the second commas is only output if there is a suffix. I tried the following template string bit it does not work. I guess I have misunderstood $FirstName$ $Initial$ $LastName$ <if(Suffix|Degree)>,<endif>, $Suffix$ <if(Suffix)>,<endif> $Degree$ If it helps we process the templates using this C# StringTemplate stringtemplate = new Antlr.StringTemplate.StringTemplate(template.Data); foreach (Pair<string, string> pair in dictionary) { if (pair.First != null && pair.Second != null) { stringtemplate.SetAttribute(pair.First, pair.Second); } } return stringtemplate.ToString();

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  • rawurlencode() and urlencode() not working in CodeIgniter

    - by Keith Chason
    I am trying to encode a string into a safe url for generic purposes, and neither rawurlencode() nor urlencode() work when using CodeIgniter. I have used them and they work pefectly fine with straight PHP, but for whatever reason, it doesn't work. I haven't been able to find any others with this problem and thus no solution. Code: <a href="/search/degree/<?=rawurlencode($row->degree)?>" class="element_link"><?=$row->degree?></a>

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  • Product Search SEO

    - by dana
    I am a wondering if there is a recommended "best practice" for a product search SEO. I know to create a dynamic sitemap file that lists links to all products in the site. However, I want to implement a a bookmark-able "advanced search". Should I let search engines index any of the results? Take the following parameters for a search on a make believe used car website: minprice (minimum price in dollars) maxprice (maximum price in dollars) make (honda, audi, volvo) model (accord, A4, S40) minyear (minimum model year) maxyear (maximum model year) minmileage (minimum mileage) maxmileage (maximum mileage) Given these parameters, there could be an infinite number of search combinations: Price Between $10,000 and $20,000 /search?minprice=10000&maxprice&20000 Audis with less than 50k miles /search?model=audi&maxmileage=50000 More than 100,000 miles and less than $5,000 /search?minmileage=100000&maxprice=5000 etc. Over time, there may be inbound links to a variety of these types of searches, yet they are all slices of the same data. Should I allow for all of these searches to be indexed?

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  • SEO for a list of products with filters

    - by dana
    I am a wondering if there is a recommended "best practice" for a product search SEO. I know to create a dynamic sitemap file that lists links to all products in the site. However, I want to implement a a bookmark-able "advanced search". Should I let search engines index any of the results? Take the following parameters for a search on a make believe used car website: minprice (minimum price in dollars) maxprice (maximum price in dollars) make (honda, audi, volvo) model (accord, A4, S40) minyear (minimum model year) maxyear (maximum model year) minmileage (minimum mileage) maxmileage (maximum mileage) Given these parameters, there could be an infinite number of search combinations: Price Between $10,000 and $20,000 /search?minprice=10000&maxprice&20000 Audis with less than 50k miles /search?model=audi&maxmileage=50000 More than 100,000 miles and less than $5,000 /search?minmileage=100000&maxprice=5000 etc. Over time, there may be inbound links to a variety of these types of searches, yet they are all slices of the same data. Should I allow for all of these searches to be indexed?

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  • What does this piece of code in C++ mean? [closed]

    - by user1838418
    const double pi = 3.141592653589793; const angle rightangle = pi/2; inline angle deg2rad(angle degree) { return degree * rightangle / 90.; } angle function1() { return rightangle * ( ((double) rand()) / ((double) RAND_MAX) - .5 ); } bool setmargin(angle theta, angle phi, angle margin) { return (theta > phi-margin && theta < phi+margin); } Please help me. I'm new to C++

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  • Nested Classes: A useful tool or an encapsulation violation?

    - by Bryan Harrington
    So I'm still on the fence as to whether or not I should be using these or not. I feel its an extreme violation of encapsulation, however I find that I am able to achieve some degree of encapsulation while gaining more flexibility in my code. Previous Java/Swing projects I had used nested classes to some degree, However now I have moved into other projects in C# and I am avoid their use. How do you feel about nested classes?

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  • Google SMTP relay sending limits

    - by Gavin
    I'm considering using Google Apps for email with my company domain and for sending emails to customers from my website using SMTP. On Google's website it says the following: Limits for registered Google Apps users A registered Google Apps user cannot relay messages to more than 2,000 recipients per day. Limits per domain Per-domain sending limits are determined by the number of users in your Google Apps account. There are two per-domain limits: The maximum number of recipients allowed per domain per day is approximately 130 times the number of users in your Google Apps account. The maximum number of recipients allowed per domain in a 10 minute window is approximately 9 times the number of users in your Google Apps account. Additionally, the maximum number of recipients allowed per domain per day for accounts not yet paid for during the first month of service is 100. If I'm a single user, with a single domain, then does that mean I can only email 130 people a day using SMTP? That limit seems low.

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  • 5 years of university education vs. 5 years of work experience - Which would you pick if hiring? [closed]

    - by gablin
    Say you need to hire a programmer. You have two candidates at your table: one has studied 5 years at uni (and holds a Master's degree, of course), but has no work experience; and the other holds no university degree but has worked for 5 years. Also assume that they both know the same programming languages, have about the same personality and spend equal amount of time programming on their spare time. If you only had this information to go on, which would you pick?

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  • How to Load Oracle Tables From Hadoop Tutorial (Part 5 - Leveraging Parallelism in OSCH)

    - by Bob Hanckel
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Using OSCH: Beyond Hello World In the previous post we discussed a “Hello World” example for OSCH focusing on the mechanics of getting a toy end-to-end example working. In this post we are going to talk about how to make it work for big data loads. We will explain how to optimize an OSCH external table for load, paying particular attention to Oracle’s DOP (degree of parallelism), the number of external table location files we use, and the number of HDFS files that make up the payload. We will provide some rules that serve as best practices when using OSCH. The assumption is that you have read the previous post and have some end to end OSCH external tables working and now you want to ramp up the size of the loads. Using OSCH External Tables for Access and Loading OSCH external tables are no different from any other Oracle external tables.  They can be used to access HDFS content using Oracle SQL: SELECT * FROM my_hdfs_external_table; or use the same SQL access to load a table in Oracle. INSERT INTO my_oracle_table SELECT * FROM my_hdfs_external_table; To speed up the load time, you will want to control the degree of parallelism (i.e. DOP) and add two SQL hints. ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL DML PARALLEL  8; ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL QUERY PARALLEL 8; INSERT /*+ append pq_distribute(my_oracle_table, none) */ INTO my_oracle_table SELECT * FROM my_hdfs_external_table; There are various ways of either hinting at what level of DOP you want to use.  The ALTER SESSION statements above force the issue assuming you (the user of the session) are allowed to assert the DOP (more on that in the next section).  Alternatively you could embed additional parallel hints directly into the INSERT and SELECT clause respectively. /*+ parallel(my_oracle_table,8) *//*+ parallel(my_hdfs_external_table,8) */ Note that the "append" hint lets you load a target table by reserving space above a given "high watermark" in storage and uses Direct Path load.  In other doesn't try to fill blocks that are already allocated and partially filled. It uses unallocated blocks.  It is an optimized way of loading a table without incurring the typical resource overhead associated with run-of-the-mill inserts.  The "pq_distribute" hint in this context unifies the INSERT and SELECT operators to make data flow during a load more efficient. Finally your target Oracle table should be defined with "NOLOGGING" and "PARALLEL" attributes.   The combination of the "NOLOGGING" and use of the "append" hint disables REDO logging, and its overhead.  The "PARALLEL" clause tells Oracle to try to use parallel execution when operating on the target table. Determine Your DOP It might feel natural to build your datasets in Hadoop, then afterwards figure out how to tune the OSCH external table definition, but you should start backwards. You should focus on Oracle database, specifically the DOP you want to use when loading (or accessing) HDFS content using external tables. The DOP in Oracle controls how many PQ slaves are launched in parallel when executing an external table. Typically the DOP is something you want to Oracle to control transparently, but for loading content from Hadoop with OSCH, it's something that you will want to control. Oracle computes the maximum DOP that can be used by an Oracle user. The maximum value that can be assigned is an integer value typically equal to the number of CPUs on your Oracle instances, times the number of cores per CPU, times the number of Oracle instances. For example, suppose you have a RAC environment with 2 Oracle instances. And suppose that each system has 2 CPUs with 32 cores. The maximum DOP would be 128 (i.e. 2*2*32). In point of fact if you are running on a production system, the maximum DOP you are allowed to use will be restricted by the Oracle DBA. This is because using a system maximum DOP can subsume all system resources on Oracle and starve anything else that is executing. Obviously on a production system where resources need to be shared 24x7, this can’t be allowed to happen. The use cases for being able to run OSCH with a maximum DOP are when you have exclusive access to all the resources on an Oracle system. This can be in situations when your are first seeding tables in a new Oracle database, or there is a time where normal activity in the production database can be safely taken off-line for a few hours to free up resources for a big incremental load. Using OSCH on high end machines (specifically Oracle Exadata and Oracle BDA cabled with Infiniband), this mode of operation can load up to 15TB per hour. The bottom line is that you should first figure out what DOP you will be allowed to run with by talking to the DBAs who manage the production system. You then use that number to derive the number of location files, and (optionally) the number of HDFS data files that you want to generate, assuming that is flexible. Rule 1: Find out the maximum DOP you will be allowed to use with OSCH on the target Oracle system Determining the Number of Location Files Let’s assume that the DBA told you that your maximum DOP was 8. You want the number of location files in your external table to be big enough to utilize all 8 PQ slaves, and you want them to represent equally balanced workloads. Remember location files in OSCH are metadata lists of HDFS files and are created using OSCH’s External Table tool. They also represent the workload size given to an individual Oracle PQ slave (i.e. a PQ slave is given one location file to process at a time, and only it will process the contents of the location file.) Rule 2: The size of the workload of a single location file (and the PQ slave that processes it) is the sum of the content size of the HDFS files it lists For example, if a location file lists 5 HDFS files which are each 100GB in size, the workload size for that location file is 500GB. The number of location files that you generate is something you control by providing a number as input to OSCH’s External Table tool. Rule 3: The number of location files chosen should be a small multiple of the DOP Each location file represents one workload for one PQ slave. So the goal is to keep all slaves busy and try to give them equivalent workloads. Obviously if you run with a DOP of 8 but have 5 location files, only five PQ slaves will have something to do and the other three will have nothing to do and will quietly exit. If you run with 9 location files, then the PQ slaves will pick up the first 8 location files, and assuming they have equal work loads, will finish up about the same time. But the first PQ slave to finish its job will then be rescheduled to process the ninth location file, potentially doubling the end to end processing time. So for this DOP using 8, 16, or 32 location files would be a good idea. Determining the Number of HDFS Files Let’s start with the next rule and then explain it: Rule 4: The number of HDFS files should try to be a multiple of the number of location files and try to be relatively the same size In our running example, the DOP is 8. This means that the number of location files should be a small multiple of 8. Remember that each location file represents a list of unique HDFS files to load, and that the sum of the files listed in each location file is a workload for one Oracle PQ slave. The OSCH External Table tool will look in an HDFS directory for a set of HDFS files to load.  It will generate N number of location files (where N is the value you gave to the tool). It will then try to divvy up the HDFS files and do its best to make sure the workload across location files is as balanced as possible. (The tool uses a greedy algorithm that grabs the biggest HDFS file and delegates it to a particular location file. It then looks for the next biggest file and puts in some other location file, and so on). The tools ability to balance is reduced if HDFS file sizes are grossly out of balance or are too few. For example suppose my DOP is 8 and the number of location files is 8. Suppose I have only 8 HDFS files, where one file is 900GB and the others are 100GB. When the tool tries to balance the load it will be forced to put the singleton 900GB into one location file, and put each of the 100GB files in the 7 remaining location files. The load balance skew is 9 to 1. One PQ slave will be working overtime, while the slacker PQ slaves are off enjoying happy hour. If however the total payload (1600 GB) were broken up into smaller HDFS files, the OSCH External Table tool would have an easier time generating a list where each workload for each location file is relatively the same.  Applying Rule 4 above to our DOP of 8, we could divide the workload into160 files that were approximately 10 GB in size.  For this scenario the OSCH External Table tool would populate each location file with 20 HDFS file references, and all location files would have similar workloads (approximately 200GB per location file.) As a rule, when the OSCH External Table tool has to deal with more and smaller files it will be able to create more balanced loads. How small should HDFS files get? Not so small that the HDFS open and close file overhead starts having a substantial impact. For our performance test system (Exadata/BDA with Infiniband), I compared three OSCH loads of 1 TiB. One load had 128 HDFS files living in 64 location files where each HDFS file was about 8GB. I then did the same load with 12800 files where each HDFS file was about 80MB size. The end to end load time was virtually the same. However when I got ridiculously small (i.e. 128000 files at about 8MB per file), it started to make an impact and slow down the load time. What happens if you break rules 3 or 4 above? Nothing draconian, everything will still function. You just won’t be taking full advantage of the generous DOP that was allocated to you by your friendly DBA. The key point of the rules articulated above is this: if you know that HDFS content is ultimately going to be loaded into Oracle using OSCH, it makes sense to chop them up into the right number of files roughly the same size, derived from the DOP that you expect to use for loading. Next Steps So far we have talked about OLH and OSCH as alternative models for loading. That’s not quite the whole story. They can be used together in a way that provides for more efficient OSCH loads and allows one to be more flexible about scheduling on a Hadoop cluster and an Oracle Database to perform load operations. The next lesson will talk about Oracle Data Pump files generated by OLH, and loaded using OSCH. It will also outline the pros and cons of using various load methods.  This will be followed up with a final tutorial lesson focusing on how to optimize OLH and OSCH for use on Oracle's engineered systems: specifically Exadata and the BDA. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

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  • Throttling in OSB

    - by Knut Vatsendvik
    Technorati Tags: soa,integration,osb,throttling,overload protection A common problem with integration is the risk of overloading a particular web service. When the capacity of a web service is reached and it continues to accept connections, it will most likely start to deteriorate. Fortunately there are 2 techniques, with Oracle Service Bus, that you can apply for protecting this from happening. You can either limit the concurrent number of requests for a Business Service (outbound requests) or you can limit the number of threads processing the requests for a Proxy Service (inbound requests). Limiting the Concurrent Number of Requests Limiting the concurrent requests for a Business Service cannot be set at design time so you have to use the built-in Oracle Service Bus Administration Console to do it (/sbconsole). Follow these steps to enable it: In Change Center, click Create to start a new Session Select Project Explorer, and navigate to the Business Service you want to limit Select the Operational Settings tab of the View a Business Service page In this tab, under Throttling, select the Enable check box. By enabling throttling you Specify a value for Maximum Concurrency Specify a positive integer value for Throttling Queue to backlog messages that has exceeded the message concurrency limit Specify the maximum time in milliseconds for Message Expiration a message can spend in Throttling Queue Click Update Click Active in Change Center to active the new settings If you re-publish the service, it will not overwrite the settings. Only if the resource is renamed or moved, it will. Please note that a throttling queue is an in-memory queue. Messages that are placed in this queue are not recoverable when a server fails or when you restart a server. Limiting the Number of Threads A better approach, in my opinion, is to limit the number of threads that can work with request. Follow these steps to do it: Open the WebLogic Server Console (/console) In Change Center, click Create to start a new Session In the left pane expand Environment and select Work Managers In the Global Work Managers page, click New    Click the Work Manager radio button, then click Next Enter a Name for the new Work Manager, and click Next In the Available Targets list, select server instances or clusters on which you will deploy applications that reference the Work Manager Click Finish. The new Work Manager now appears in the Global Work Managers page. Select the new Work Manager Right next to the Maximum Threads Constraint drop-down box, click New   Click the Maximum Threads Constraint radio button, then click Next Enter a Name and a thread Count to be the maximum size to allocate for requests. Click Next  In the Available Targets list, select server instances or clusters on which you will deploy applications that reference the Work Manager Click Finish Click Save Click Active in Change Center to active your changes.  A restart may be necessary.   Puh! Almost there. Start a new session. Go to the Service Bus Console (/sbconsole) and find your consuming Proxy Service. Click the Edit button of the Transport Configuration tab. Click Next Set the Dispatch Policy to the new Work Manager Click Last Click Save Click Active in Change Center to active your changes. 

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  • Extending Python’s int type to accept only values within a given range

    - by igor
    I would like to create a custom data type which basically behaves like an ordinary int, but with the value restricted to be within a given range. I guess I need some kind of factory function, but I cannot figure out how to do it. myType = MyCustomInt(minimum=7, maximum=49, default=10) i = myType(16) # OK i = myType(52) # raises ValueError i = myType() # i == 10 positiveInt = MyCustomInt(minimum=1) # no maximum restriction negativeInt = MyCustomInt(maximum=-1) # no minimum restriction nonsensicalInt = MyCustomInt() # well, the same as an ordinary int Any hint is appreciated. Thanks!

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  • Can't Remove Logical Drive/Array from HP P400

    - by Myles
    This is my first post here. Thank you in advance for any assistance with this matter. I'm trying to remove a logical drive (logical drive 2) and an array (array "B") from my Smart Array P400. The host is a DL580 G5 running 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga). I am unable to remove the array using either hpacucli or cpqacuxe. I believe it is because of "OS Status: LOCKED". The file system that lives on this array has been unmounted. I do not want to reboot the host. Is there some way to "release" this logical drive so I can remove the array? Note that I do not need to preserve the data on logical drive 2. I intend to physically remove the drives from the machine and replace them with larger drives. I'm using the cciss kernel module that ships with Red Hat 5.7. Here is some information pertaining to the host and the P400 configuration: [root@gort ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.7 (Tikanga) [root@gort ~]# uname -a Linux gort 2.6.18-274.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jul 8 17:36:59 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@gort ~]# rpm -qa | egrep '^(hp|cpq)' cpqacuxe-9.30-15.0 hp-health-9.25-1551.7.rhel5 hpsmh-7.1.2-3 hpdiags-9.3.0-466 hponcfg-3.1.0-0 hp-snmp-agents-9.25-2384.8.rhel5 hpacucli-9.30-15.0 [root@gort ~]# hpacucli HP Array Configuration Utility CLI 9.30.15.0 Detecting Controllers...Done. Type "help" for a list of supported commands. Type "exit" to close the console. => ctrl all show config detail Smart Array P400 in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Cache Serial Number: PA82C0J9SVW34U RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Enabled Controller Status: OK Hardware Revision: D Firmware Version: 7.22 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: True Cache Status: OK Cache Ratio: 25% Read / 75% Write Drive Write Cache: Disabled Total Cache Size: 256 MB Total Cache Memory Available: 208 MB No-Battery Write Cache: Disabled Cache Backup Power Source: Batteries Battery/Capacitor Count: 1 Battery/Capacitor Status: OK SATA NCQ Supported: True Logical Drive: 1 Size: 136.7 GB Fault Tolerance: RAID 1 Heads: 255 Sectors Per Track: 32 Cylinders: 35132 Strip Size: 128 KB Full Stripe Size: 128 KB Status: OK Caching: Enabled Unique Identifier: 600508B100184A395356573334550002 Disk Name: /dev/cciss/c0d0 Mount Points: /boot 101 MB, /tmp 7.8 GB, /usr 3.9 GB, /usr/local 2.0 GB, /var 3.9 GB, / 2.0 GB, /local 113.2 GB OS Status: LOCKED Logical Drive Label: A0027AA78DEE Mirror Group 0: physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 146 GB, OK) Mirror Group 1: physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 146 GB, OK) Drive Type: Data Array: A Interface Type: SAS Unused Space: 0 MB Status: OK Array Type: Data physicaldrive 1I:1:1 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 1 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM57RF40000983878FX Model: HP DG146BB976 Current Temperature (C): 29 Maximum Temperature (C): 35 PHY Count: 2 PHY Transfer Rate: Unknown, Unknown physicaldrive 1I:1:2 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 2 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM55VQC000098388524 Model: HP DG146BB976 Current Temperature (C): 29 Maximum Temperature (C): 36 PHY Count: 2 PHY Transfer Rate: Unknown, Unknown Logical Drive: 2 Size: 546.8 GB Fault Tolerance: RAID 5 Heads: 255 Sectors Per Track: 32 Cylinders: 65535 Strip Size: 64 KB Full Stripe Size: 256 KB Status: OK Caching: Enabled Parity Initialization Status: Initialization Completed Unique Identifier: 600508B100184A395356573334550003 Disk Name: /dev/cciss/c0d1 Mount Points: None OS Status: LOCKED Logical Drive Label: A5C9C6F81504 Drive Type: Data Array: B Interface Type: SAS Unused Space: 0 MB Status: OK Array Type: Data physicaldrive 1I:1:3 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 3 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM2H5PE00009802NK19 Model: HP DG146ABAB4 Current Temperature (C): 30 Maximum Temperature (C): 37 PHY Count: 1 PHY Transfer Rate: Unknown physicaldrive 1I:1:4 Port: 1I Box: 1 Bay: 4 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM28YY400009750MKPJ Model: HP DG146ABAB4 Current Temperature (C): 31 Maximum Temperature (C): 36 PHY Count: 1 PHY Transfer Rate: 3.0Gbps physicaldrive 2I:1:5 Port: 2I Box: 1 Bay: 5 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM2FGYV00009802N3GN Model: HP DG146ABAB4 Current Temperature (C): 30 Maximum Temperature (C): 38 PHY Count: 1 PHY Transfer Rate: Unknown physicaldrive 2I:1:6 Port: 2I Box: 1 Bay: 6 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM8AFAK00009920MMV1 Model: HP DG146BB976 Current Temperature (C): 31 Maximum Temperature (C): 41 PHY Count: 2 PHY Transfer Rate: Unknown, Unknown physicaldrive 2I:1:7 Port: 2I Box: 1 Bay: 7 Status: OK Drive Type: Data Drive Interface Type: SAS Size: 146 GB Rotational Speed: 10000 Firmware Revision: HPDE Serial Number: 3NM2FJQD00009801MSHQ Model: HP DG146ABAB4 Current Temperature (C): 29 Maximum Temperature (C): 39 PHY Count: 1 PHY Transfer Rate: Unknown

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  • SWT Layout for absolute positioning with minimal-spanning composites

    - by pure.equal
    Hi, I'm writing a DND-editor where I can position elemtents (like buttons, images ...) freely via absolute positioning. Every element has a parent composite. These composites should span/grasp/embrace every element they contain. There can be two or more elements in the same composite and a composite can contain another composite. This image shows how it should look like. To achive this I wrote a custom layoutmanager: import org.eclipse.swt.SWT; import org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Point; import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite; import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Control; import org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Layout; public class SpanLayout extends Layout { Point[] sizes; int calcedHeight, calcedWidth, calcedX, calcedY; Point[] positions; /* * (non-Javadoc) * * @see * org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Layout#computeSize(org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite * , int, int, boolean) * * A composite calls computeSize() on its associated layout to determine the * minimum size it should occupy, while still holding all its child controls * at their minimum sizes. */ @Override protected Point computeSize(Composite composite, int wHint, int hHint, boolean flushCache) { int width = wHint, height = hHint; if (wHint == SWT.DEFAULT) width = composite.getBounds().width; if (hHint == SWT.DEFAULT) height = composite.getBounds().height; return new Point(width, height); } /* * (non-Javadoc) * * @see * org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Layout#layout(org.eclipse.swt.widgets.Composite, * boolean) * * Calculates the positions and sizes for the children of the passed * Composite, then places them accordingly by calling setBounds() on each * one. */ @Override protected void layout(Composite composite, boolean flushCache) { Control children[] = composite.getChildren(); for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { calcedX = calcX(children[i]); calcedY = calcY(children[i]); calcedHeight = calcHeight(children[i]) - calcedY; calcedWidth = calcWidth(children[i]) - calcedX; if (composite instanceof Composite) { calcedX = calcedX - composite.getLocation().x; calcedY = calcedY - composite.getLocation().y; } children[i].setBounds(calcedX, calcedY, calcedWidth, calcedHeight); } } private int calcHeight(Control control) { int maximum = 0; if (control instanceof Composite) { if (((Composite) control).getChildren().length > 0) { for (Control child : ((Composite) control).getChildren()) { int calculatedHeight = calcHeight(child); if (calculatedHeight > maximum) { maximum = calculatedHeight; } } return maximum; } } return control.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT, true).y + control.getLocation().y; } private int calcWidth(Control control) { int maximum = 0; if (control instanceof Composite) { if (((Composite) control).getChildren().length > 0) { for (Control child : ((Composite) control).getChildren()) { int calculatedWidth = calcWidth(child); if (calculatedWidth > maximum) { maximum = calculatedWidth; } } return maximum; } } return control.computeSize(SWT.DEFAULT, SWT.DEFAULT, true).x + control.getLocation().x; } private int calcX(Control control) { int minimum = Integer.MAX_VALUE; if (control instanceof Composite) { if (((Composite) control).getChildren().length > 0) { for (Control child : ((Composite) control).getChildren()) { int calculatedX = calcX(child); if (calculatedX < minimum) { minimum = calculatedX; } } return minimum; } } return control.getLocation().x; } private int calcY(Control control) { int minimum = Integer.MAX_VALUE; if (control instanceof Composite) { if (((Composite) control).getChildren().length > 0) { for (Control child : ((Composite) control).getChildren()) { int calculatedY = calcY(child); if (calculatedY < minimum) { minimum = calculatedY; } } return minimum; } } return control.getLocation().y; } } The problem with it is that it always positions the composite at the position (0,0). This is because it tries to change the absolute positioning into a relative one. Lets say I position a image at position (100,100) and one at (200,200). Then it has to calculate the location of the composite to be at (100,100) and spanning the one at (200,200). But as all child positions are relative to their parents I have to change the positions of the children to remove the 100px offset of the parent. When the layout gets updated it moves everything to the top-left corner (as seen in the image) because the position of the image is not (100,100) but (0,0) since I tried to remove the 100px offset of the partent. Where is my error in reasoning? Is this maybe a totally wrong approach? Is there maybe an other way to achive the desired behavior? Thanks in advance! Best regards, Ed

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