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• The Server Fault Wiki of recommended practices [migrated]

  - by Avery Payne

  So I've noticed that there are several recommendations on basic practices on Server Fault, but there doesn't seem to be a cohesive view as to how those recommendations would all fit together. So I thought I would lump these together as a kind of mental exercise to see what the "ServerFault Community IT Department" would look like if it were implemented. This would give a few things: it would make a reasonable wiki (in the true wiki spirit of many contributions), it would provide several links to well-vetted practices, and it would be kind of fun to see what the amalgamation would look like. And who knows, it may even point out some interesting issues between different forms of "best practices", although I would be stunned if there was a conflict hidden in there someplace... Add your favorites from Server Fault as answers, and I'll re-edit this section with the results. Here's a few catagories to collect different ideas together. Hardware Configuration(s) Server room configuration. Server room temperature Firmware Updates and Scheduling Storage Configuration(s) Selecting a NAS box Linux: Dealing with /tmp Linux: Install apps in /var or /opt? Network Configuration(s) checking DNS health and compliance Security Practice(s) Password (General) Best Practices Password sharing methods Windows Update Updating Windows Servers that are hosts for VMs Network Service(s) User Service(s) User Naming & Deletion Upgrade Process(es) Disaster Recovery Checking Backups Documenting an outage for a post-mortem review Last Edit: 2010-02-17

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• Hardware needed to route between two networks over wireless

  - by AptDweller

  I recently rented an apartment about 100 yards from my brother's house. I have line of sight to his house and can pick up his home AP signal with one of my two laptops if I go out on my balcony (facing his house) or put the laptop by the window. The other laptop will sometimes see the SSID broadcast, but fails to connect, drops, etc. We would like to set up a persistent wireless connection between our homes. We would prefer each network be logically segmented as independent networks, but he will share his internet connection. I've got a bunch of tv shows saved to a NAS by my TiVO that I'd like to make available to him across the wireless link. My brother strongly prefers to not mess with his WAP at all. His network is running fine and is afraid to mess it up. I guess you could say he is "technologically declined". If we can get a reliable 11Mbps connection we will be satisfied. What hardware do I need to make this work? I was thinking a router with two wireless interfaces (external antennas) a wired interface, and a directional antenna mounted on my balcony facing his house. Can anyone recommend hardware to make this happen? Cheaper is better. I'll only be living in the area a year or two. I do have an old satellite TV antenna if that can be used to direct the signal.

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• VPN - Accessing computer outside of network. Only works one way

  - by Dan

  I could use some help here. My ideal goal is to create a VPN for 2 macs that are in different locations so that they can share each others screens and share files. I basically want to do what Logmein's Hamachi does, but without the 5 user limitation. I have set up the VPN on my Synology NAS at my house using the PPTP protocol. I could also use OpenVPN. The good news is that I can use a laptop outside of my home network to access any computer on my network at my house. The bad news is that I can not do the reverse. I want to use a computer in my home network (same network as the VPN server) to access a computer outside of my network (which is connected via VPN successfully). My internal IP is 192.168.1.xxx PPTP VPN assigns my laptop that is outside of my network with 192.168.5.xxx, but when I try to access it remotely either with afp://192.168.5.xxx or vnc://192.168.5.xxx I can't connect using either. Is this something that I should be able to do or is VPN only one way? I've also tried openvpn with the same results. Thanks for any help! -Dan

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• OpenSolaris livecd, NForce NIC driver, and NTFS USB mounting. Oh My!

  - by Jake Wharton

  I'm attempting to install OpenSolaris 2009.06 on my server. Before I do I would like to test that everything works and am running in to problems. It has an Abit AN-M2 motherboard with an NForce chipset. The driver config utility says that I need a third-party driver and links me to http://homepage2.nifty.com/mrym3/taiyodo/eng/. Scrolling to the bottom, I have downloaded both tgzs just in case. Now the fun part: The only way to get this on to the computer is via a USB drive since I can't access the network. Also, install CD in the drive otherwise I'd just burn them to DVD. Since my USB key is NTFS formatted I cannot mount it since the install CD seems to be lacking NTFS drivers which require more downloaded packages. What should I do? The server will simply be a dumb NAS and I know that there exists other OpenSolaris-based flavors such as Nexenta but from what I read the stock install is likely the best. If this is not the case and pursuing a different flavor is required or better I will also accept that as an answer (but please don't jump straight to it).

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• Can I trick Carbonite into backing up an external hard drive?

  - by Brian

  I use Carbonite to back up my PC (Windows XP). We were running low on disk space on our home PC (down to 15 GB), so I went out and purchased an external hard drive. However, Carbonite will not back it up. Is it possible to set up Carbonite to backup an external hard drive? I just want the external drive to be extra disk space. From their FAQ: The current version of Carbonite backs up only the files that reside on permanent hard drives on your computer. It will not back up network drives, external drives, and NAS (network accessed storage) drives. If there are files on a remote drive that you wish to include in your Carbonite backup, you should copy the files to a folder on your local hard drive. If the files are on a shared network drive, you could install Carbonite on the computer on which the network shared drive physically exists, and back the files up directly from that computer. Check back soon for a Carbonite service plan that will allow you to back up your external drives.

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• "Safe" personal router use on apartment-wide network

  - by noisetank

  I recently moved into an apartment with internet included in my rent. This was a boon at first, but now I'm feeling limited. To get devices connected (wired or wireless), I have to whitelist the MAC addresses on mycampusnet.com. This is annoying (considering I'm well over the 10 device limit including my roommate's stuff), but what's really driving me mad is that I don't seem to have any semblance of a "local" network. I've relied heavily on static IPs and port forwarding in the past (accessing NAS and remote desktop) and (as far as I can understand), that functionality is nonexistent without my router set up. Also, as my wired and wireless devices don't always seem to make it onto the same subnet, I'm unable to use any of my iDevices with my Apple TV (I can, however, mirror to no less than four strangers' Apple TVs at any moment, which is a whole other level of discomforting). I've talked to the head of the apartment complex and she told me that they personally don't have any issue with my using a router, but the provider (CampusConnect) does not currently allow it. Apparently, enough people have put in complaints/requests about the restriction (the apartments are for graduate students and University staff, many of which need to set up things like VPNs for work reasons) to open up some sort of ticket to get the functionality in place, but all the calls I've made to get status updates have been a waste of time. My question is: If I plugged my router into the apartment network, what would happen? I've been told already that personal routers would "interfere with the wireless" and that they would shut my port down if I used one, but is that a legitimate thing or just something made up that sounds real to keep the average Joe from pushing it further? I'm guessing there's some way of configuring my router to keep it from disrupting the rest of the network, but it's not something they want to tell me for obvious reasons. Am I right? And if so, what are the chances that they'd notice the difference in traffic or whatever and shut off my port?

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• Differential backup missing moved folders (flawed archive attribute logic)

  - by Max

  Recently I've discovered that my backup system it flawed: there are situation where various files/folders are missed. I do my backup from local disk to a network NAS. I use Cobian backup, and I have setup the backup software to create one full backup every week, and one differential backup every day. Now, the backup software (to my knowledge any backup software work this way) decide the files that go in the differential backup by looking at the file archive attribute. If the attribute is set, then the file go in to the backup. Now, when you move a file to a new location, on Windows systems, the archive attribute get set and the file is included in the backup, and that's fine... but when you move an entire folder, no archive attribute is set, nor on the folder, nor in any files inside the folder, so the moved folder isn't included in the differential backup! So, if you have a full backup plus a differential backup, and you moved folders around... then it's impossible to reconstruct the original files/folders structure starting from the full+differential backup, because the backup software didn't include the moved folders in the differential backup. So my differential backup are useless... Why does windows set the archive attribute when moving a file, but not when moving a folder? How can I deal with this issue? Is there a way to create a differential backup that works as it's supposed to do? Doing full backup every day is not practical, because the changed data is about 0.1% at day (by using a differential backup I can keep 4 weeks of files history without using too much disk space.)

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• New to building computers worried about temps

  - by dave

  I'm new to building my own computers and I was wondering about maximum temperatures. I understand that the room temp can affect the computers temp but how relevent is it? I understand that if my room temp is 20°C none of my computer parts could be lower than that. But if my room is 27°C instead of 20°C would this cause my computers parts to heat up more/faster? My new computer I built myself for gaming is i7 2600k 16gb ram ddr3 1600 hd6970 2 gb 240gb ssd ( bought a nas with 3 2tb drives in raid 5 for my home network ) 850w modular psu I also have my old hp computer i3 2120 8gb ram hd6770 1tb hdd I also have 3 laptops in my household, but I am not worried about their temps, they heat up my legs but they are never under stress. Due to size and money reasons I used an old case and it only has one of the sides left on it. Is this bad for the computer and will the extra dust cause problems? Or should I leave it this way or take the missus wrath and buy a case? If so is there any certain case I should get? I don't care about looks I just want card reader and usb slots and for it to run as cool or cooler than now, my case has 1 fan. Also what are the max temps for my new and old computer parts? Is 40°C under load ok for my CPU, what about 70°C for my GPU is that ok too, or should I worry? What are normal and safe temps for my components? I have looked around but there seem to be lots of different answers. I know that 100°C is bad but I want my parts to last as long as possible and this site always seems to give good replies without arguing or flaming.

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• Un-install network printer drivers from Win7 64 Home Premium

  - by AkkA

  I recently bought a NAS device that has print server functionality through USB. The printer was already installed and fully working on another Win XP box, set up that box to see the printer over the network and it prints fine. I tried to install the printer on my Win7 laptop (64 bit, Home Premium), but got the wrong drivers somehow, or it just refuses to work. I need to completely un-install the printer drivers and start from scratch. Removing the printer (by going to the printers folder, right click and remove) does not actually un-install the drivers. It only removes the printer from active use. Even if I try to re-install new drivers it will load the old ones. I have read a few things on the net that say to load up a device snap-in or something of the sort into Computer Management, but this seems to be valid for Win7 Pro or greater, the function everyone tells you to use isnt available in Home Premium. Is there anything I can use to manage device driver files in Home Premium? I want to completely remove them from the computer.

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• Need advise for choosing software\hardware for virtualization.

  - by Anatoly

  Currently we have these servers : Windows SBS 2003 premium on IBM X266 double Xeon F43, 2GB ram. DC, exchange (70 users), Mssql. Windows 2003 R2 32bit on IBM x3400 with double XEON E5310 and 4GB ram. Terminal server (40+ users), ERP application based on uniPaaS platform from Magicsoftware, and Pervasive sql. Ubuntu 8.04 (simple pc box) with squid proxy, GLPI system and PHPBB3 forum for internal use. Recently number of concurrent users on Terminal server passed 40 users in rush hours and it gets stuck frequently. Therefore we need an upgrade. I think about transfer all physical servers to virtual servers based on cluster of 2 physical servers for reducing downtime. I think we will grow till 50-60 concurrent terminal users in rush hours. I also plan to virtualize 10-15 Win XP/7 workstation (office,ERP etc), and there is a little probability for Asterisk\Hylafax for 100 users (if it possible on same VM). Also we need NAS storage for 2-3TB. What hardware upgrade/purchase we need for complete this task? Which VM solution is preferable VmWare or Hyper-V? What backup software should we choose? Acronis or something another? Thank you in advance.

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• Hardware freeze during disk activity

  - by Thomi

  I built myself a linux-based NAS. It has several drives of various sizes and ages in an LVM configuration, with 800GB or so of data. The data is served using a simple samba server. This was working flawlessly, but after physically moving it, it has developed a strange fault: Whenever I do something on the server to cause disk activity, the entire machine freezes hard. This has the effect of killing any open network connections to the box, and generally making it useless. If I leave the machine for a few minutes it seems to come right again, but obviously this isn't really a solution. There are no error or warning messages in syslog, or the kernel logs. If I power the machine on, and leave it, it runs for several days without locking up. After that time I stopped testing. It doesn't freeze instantly - obviously it doesn't freeze while booting, and I can normally log in via SSH and start poking around in a few log files for a couple of minutes before it dies. My question is: What diagnostic tests can I run to determine the casuse?

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• Enterprise class storage best practices

  - by churnd

  One thing that has always perplexed me is storage best practices. Filesystems brag about how they can be petabytes or exabytes in size. Yet, I do not know many sysadmins who are willing to let a single volume grow over several terrabytes. I do know the primary reason behind this is how long it would take to rebuild the array should a drive fail. The more drives in a single LUN, the longer this takes and the greater your risk of losing another drive while the rebuild is taking place. Then there's usage reasons. Admins will carve out a LUN based on how much space they think needs to be allocated to the project. It seems more practical to me for the LUN to be one large array and to use quotas. I understand this wouldn't satisfy every requirement (iSCSI), but I see a lot of NAS systems (NFS) managed this way. I also understand that the underlying volumes can be grown/shrunk as needed quite easily, but wouldn't it be less "risky" to use quotas rather than manipulating volumes and bringing possible data loss into the equation? There may be some other reasons I'm missing, so please enlighten me. Can we not expect filesystems to ever be so large? Are we waiting for the hardware to get faster to cut down on rebuild times?

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• Missing whole disk device in OpenSolaris

  - by Jeff Mc

  I have begun experimenting with Solaris and ZFS as a NAS. All was going very smoothly until I had a drive failure. When I replaced the drive, I no longer have a device file mapped to the whole disk. /dev/dsk/c7t3d0 does not exist but c7t2d0 and c7t4d0 both do. Also the sd@3,0:wd file under the /devices/ tree is non-existent. Do I have to prepare/partition the disk somehow to cause the whole disk device to exist? Here are a few outputs that might be useful. jeffmc@ats-ds2:/dev/dsk$ zpool status pool: datapool state: DEGRADED status: One or more devices could not be opened. Sufficient replicas exist for the pool to continue functioning in a degraded state. action: Attach the missing device and online it using 'zpool online'. see: http://www.sun.com/msg/ZFS-8000-2Q scrub: none requested config: NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM datapool DEGRADED 0 0 0 mirror-0 DEGRADED 0 0 0 c7t2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c7t3d0 UNAVAIL 0 0 0 cannot open mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0 c7t4d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 c7t5d0 ONLINE 0 0 0 jeffmc@ats-ds2:/dev/dsk$ zpool replace datapool c7t3d0 cannot open 'c7t3d0': no such device in /dev/dsk must be a full path or shorthand device name jeffmc@ats-ds2:/dev/dsk$ sudo format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c7t0d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@0,0 1. c7t1d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@1,0 2. c7t2d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@2,0 3. c7t3d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@3,0 4. c7t4d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@4,0 5. c7t5d0 /pci@0,0/pci8086,3599@6/pci8086,330@0/pci1014,2cc@7,1/sd@5,0

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• nfs mount with nfs 3

  - by rahrahruby

  I am running CentOS 6.4 Kernel version 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP and have the following nfs info: nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-6.el6.x86_64 nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-6.el6.x86_64 nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86_64 and am trying to mount an nfs volume with nfs3. I have the following line in my fstab: 172.16.11.87:/volume1/web /home/nas nfsver=3 rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr(no_root_squach) When I run nfsstat it still shows the client as nfs4 Server rpc stats: calls badcalls badauth badclnt xdrcall 0 0 0 0 0 Client rpc stats: calls retrans authrefrsh 1988817 6 1988818 Client nfs v4: null read write commit open open_conf 0 0% 36943 1% 21606 1% 401 0% 392369 19% 375986 18% open_noat open_dgrd close setattr fsinfo renew 0 0% 0 0% 387945 19% 22904 1% 3 0% 2914 0% setclntid confirm lock lockt locku access 1 0% 1 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 97856 4% getattr lookup lookup_root remove rename link 613996 30% 29888 1% 1 0% 1248 0% 253 0% 414 0% symlink create pathconf statfs readlink readdir 26 0% 226 0% 2 0% 3 0% 0 0% 3825 0% server_caps delegreturn getacl setacl fs_locations rel_lkowner 5 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% exchange_id create_ses destroy_ses sequence get_lease_t reclaim_comp 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% layoutget layoutcommit layoutreturn getdevlist getdevinfo ds_write 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% ds_commit 0 0%

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• Wireless router setup for 1-1 NAT

  - by Carlos

  What I have: A linksys router WAG160N with firmware version 2 A "pool" of 5 external static IP's provided by my ISP 213.xx.xxx.n All the required configuration values for the static IPs such as (Subnet Mask, Gateway and static DNS 1, 2, 3) Current WAN Configuration: Encapsulation: RFC 2364 PPPoA Multiplexing: VC QoS type: UBR DSL modulation: MultiMode What's connected to the network: 1 x Server (That I want to make available to the outside) 5 x Desktops with static internal IP's, such as 192.168.0.xx 2 x Network printers, also with internal static IP's 2 x Laptops 1 x NAS (Network Attached Storage) also on static IP What I want to do: I would like to make the server available from outside the network, for example from your house. The problem is that Im not really sure how to do this. I have tried following the steps on the instruction manual in Linksys but they do not seem to work, once I set it up as shown bellow, I loose internet and all hell breaks loose. Going into further detail, I would prefer if the network is changed as little as possible, by this I mean that all the computers stay networked within eachother and only the server is accessible from the outside the network. What I need HELP with: I have read around that it is possible to set a 1-1 NAT (I know where it is in the menu but have no clue what it does...) so that I can NAT a single public IP directly to a single private IP (in our case the server). But please, How do I do that? Or maybe an alternative?

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• How can one use online backup with large amounts of static data?

  - by Billy ONeal

  I'd like to setup an offsite backup solution for about 500GB of data that's currently stored between my various machines. I don't care about data retention rates, as this is only a backup of, not primary storage, for my data. If the backup is stored on crappy non-redundant systems, that does not matter. The data set is almost entirely static, and mostly consists of things like installers for Visual Studio, and installer disk images for all of my games. I have found two services which meet most of this: Mozy Carbonite However, both services impose low bandwidth caps, on the order of 50kb/s, which prevent me from backing up a dataset of this size effectively (somewhere on the order of 6 weeks), despite the fact that I get multiple MB/s upload speeds everywhere else from this location. Carbonite has the additional problem that it tries to ignore pretty much every file in my backup set by default, because the files are mostly iso files and vmdk files, which aren't backed up by default. There are other services such as EC2 which don't have such bandwidth caps, but such services are typically stored in highly redundant servers, and therefore cost on the order of 10 cents/gb/month, which is insanely expensive for storage of this kind of data set. (At $50/month I could build my own NAS to hold the data which would pay for itself after ~2-3 months) (To be fair, they're offering quite a bit more service than I'm looking for at that price, such as offering public HTTP access to the data) Does anything exist meeting those requirements or am I basically hosed?

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• All application passwords lost on Windows 7

  - by Rynardt

  A couple of days ago I changed my Windows 7 login password. My laptop is on my company's domain, so password changes are done over the internal network. Since changing the password I noticed that all my saved Chrome passwords are missing. Also Skype, Windows Live, Internet Explorer and Outlook lost their saved passwords. I guess there could be more applications with lost passwords, but I have not opened them yet. This makes me think that most applications saves their passwords to a general password vault on the Windows system and this vault got somehow corrupted when I changed my domain login password for windows. Do anyone have any idea of how to fix this and prevent it from happening again? EDIT : More Info I do development work at the office, so most of the time I bypass the firewall and connect directly to the internet gateway. Now and then I would connect to the company wifi network to do printing and access files on a NAS. So by default my laptop does not connect to the wifi hotspot. On this occasion to update the password, I had to connect to the wifi. So referring to the comment by OmnipotentEntity below, could this have happened when the system rebooted without a connection to the network as the laptop does not auto connect to the wifi hotspot?

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• How to backup a large FreeNAS?

  - by Ze'ev

  We have a 12TB FreeNAS box in the office, and are looking for a way to keep a backup of it offsite. We're considering (1) tape; (2) a bunch of bare drives (popped into a spare hotswap bay); (3) external drives. Any advice on which solution is best? (Online backup is not an option because our internet connection is too slow.) And, is there some software that will keep track of which files have been backed up and which haven't? So that when one backup unit fills up, we can continue the backup on the next? (We don't want to have to back up to a 12TB device.) This software could run, preferably, on the NAS itself; or from one of our Mac clients. Our goal is a situation where we attach some backup device; it automatically fills up with stuff from the server; the contents of this unit are catalogued somewhere something prompts us to replace with a fresh drive/tape; backup continues until full, including any files that have changed since being backed up.

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• How to change mount to grant user write permissions?

  - by nals

  I am on TomatoUSB, and using the feature to have a NAS. The only way I can write to the Samba share is if I force root: [global] interfaces = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1.1/24 bind interfaces only = no workgroup = WORKGROUP netbios name = TOMATO security = share wins support = yes name resolve order = wins lmhosts hosts bcast guest account = nobody [Public] path = /mnt/sda2 read only = no public = yes only guest = yes guest ok = yes browseable = yes comment = Network share force user = root writeable = yes I dont really like the idea having to use root to allow write access to my share. I have a samba account created already named nobody to allow access to the share. However every time I try to write I get access denied error. fstab: /dev/sda2 /mnt/sda2 vfat defaults 0 0 Further more every time I try to chmod 777 /tmp/mnt/sda2 the permissions are not changed, and no error is produced. They stay 755. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 4 01:49 sda2 Basically; how can I give the user nobody write permissions to my mount? dev name: /dev/sda2 dev mount: /tmp/mnt/sda2

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• Directories shown as files, when sharing a mounted cifs drive

  - by Johan Sigfred Abildskov

  I have an issue where a directory is shown as a file when accessing a samba share ( on Ubuntu 12.10 ) from a Windows machine. The output from ls -ll in the folder on the linuxbox is as follows: chubby@chubby:/media/blackhole/_Arkiv$ ls -ll total 0 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Jun 18 2012 _20 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Apr 17 2012 _2006 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Apr 17 2012 _2007 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 May 12 2011 _2008 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Feb 19 09:53 _2009 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Dec 20 2011 _2010 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 May 8 2012 _2011 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Mar 5 11:37 _2012 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Feb 28 10:09 _2013 drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Feb 28 11:18 _Mailarkiv drwxrwxrwx 0 jv users 0 Jan 3 2011 _Praktikanter The entry in /etc/fstab is: # Mounting blackhole //192.168.0.50/kunder/ /media/blackhole cifs uid=jv,gid=users,credentials=/home/chubby/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777 0 0 When I access the share directly from the NAS on my Windows box, there are no issues. The version of Samba is 3.6.6, but I couldn't find anything in the changelogs that seem relevant. I've tried mounting it in different locations with different permissions, users and groups but I have not made any progress Due to my low reputation on serverfault ( mostly stackoverflow user ) I'm unable to post a screenshot that shows that the directories are shown as files. If I type the full path in explorer, the directory listing works excellently, except for any subdirectories that are then shown as files. Any attack vector for this issue would be greatly appreciated. Please let me know if I have provided insufficient details. Edit: The same share when accessed from a OS X, works perfectly listing the directories as directories. Best Regards!

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• Poor write performance on Debian server running NFS with 22TB exported JFS filesystem

  - by user143546

  I am currently running a debian server that is exporting a large JFS filesystem (22TB) over NFS (nfs-kernel-server.) When attempting to write to the NFS share, the performance is very poor. The 22TB disk is sitting on a NAS mounted using iSCSI. It will bust for a moment near expected line speed, and then sit idle for several seconds. Very little traffic measured in the low kb/sec. The wait peeks on write. When reading from the NFS mount, the system operates at expected speeds (11MB/sec). The issue does not occur when using SFTP, rsync, or local coping (non-nfs). The issue persists between stable and testing releases. On the same machine I have a 14TB ext4 filesystem using the exact same export configuration that does not share the issue. This share is not in regular use and thus not consuming resources. NFS Server: cat /etc/exports /data2 10.1.20.86(rw,no_subtree_check,async,all_squash) cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler noop [deadline] cfq cat /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server RPCNFSDCOUNT=8 RPCNFSDPRIORITY=0 RPCMOUNTDOPTS=--manage-gids NEED_SVCGSSD= RPCSVCGSSDOPTS= NFS Client: cat /etc/fstab 10.1.20.100:/data2 /root/incoming nfs rw,noatime,soft,intr,noacl 0 2 cat /sys/block/sdb/queue/scheduler noop [deadline] cfq cat /proc/mounts 10.1.20.100:/data2/ /root/incoming nfs4 rw,noatime,vers=4,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,soft,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.1.20.86,minorversion=0,addr=10.1.20.100 0 0 This problem has me pretty stumped. Any help would be greatly welcomed. Thanks.

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• What Media Extender / Centre Set up should I use?

  - by Bryn Hird

  I have installed cat6 throughout the house which I use for telephony and network. In my cellar I have a NAS Server, gigabit switch and I want to install a Media Centre to stream my video's, music, photo's and live TV (coax from the aerial to the cellar) over the cat6. Yeah I know I can get stuff on the internet but shared experience of watching TV as a family as it happens is a big plus for live TV. I'm aiming for 1080p. I want different users to be able to watch different channels. Max users = 4. I've played a little with Windows Media Centre, works fine with live TV. Likewise I have XBMC up and running with live TV. The issue I have is what do I put near the TV. I'd like a consistent user interface (grandma and the the other technophobes in the house are continually pestering me on how to use different TVs, change channel, inputs etc.) so a key part of this for me is to make the user experience the same and simple i.e. no keyboards / PCs hanging around the TV. I've just bought a Linksys DMA 2200 to test the Windows Media Centre, but obviously off eBay as they're a dying breed. And with Windows Media Centre removed from Microsoft plans such devices will get rarer. And as for 1080p, think I can forget it with that set up. I have tested XBOX 360, also works but ditto on Microsoft plans for WMC. I was thinking of a WD Live TV to test the XMBC setup. Now to the question. Any advice on Media Centre / Extender setups that will do the job as above and have some degree of futureproofing (building my own with my Raspberry PI is a last resort). I'd like to understand the standards involved in the futureproofing if anyone knows (DNLA, RVU etc.).

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• What is the max connections via remote desktop for a small server?

  - by Jay Wen

  I have a small server running MS Server 2012. The CPU is a Xeon E3-1230 V2 @ 3.30GHz, 4 Cores, 8 Logical Processors, 8 GB RAM. Main HD is a Samsung 840, and the big storage is a 4 disk WD Black Raid 10 Array in a Synology NAS enclusure. My question is: given this hardware, approximately how many users can the system support via "Remote Desktop Connection"? Assume there are no licensing limits. These are not admin users. I know there is a two admin limit. This boils down to: What resources does one remote connection require? RAM? % of the CPU? Networking bandwidth? I guess the base case would be for a conection where the user is inactive or simply browsing cnn. Once you know this, you know how many you could fit on the machine before something is maxed-out. In reality, users would be mostly on Excel (multi-MB spreadsheets). I know the approx. resources currently required by each copy of Excel.

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• SSH from ubuntu server to Windows 2008 repeatedly asks for password

  - by jrizos

  I am trying to setup GIT using SSH mode. The central GIT repository is on a NAS device running Windows 2008 server and the user GIT repository is on ubuntu 12.04. When I try to SSH to the windows machine however I am not able to successfully get in. SSH keays are not setup but I think the problem is even before that since I cant get in just by providing the correct password. The output from the SSH command is below. Any help would be appreciated. dba@clpserv01:~$ ssh -v -l administrator clpnas OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to clpnas [***.***.***.***] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/dba/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.5p1 Debian-6+squeeze2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA bd:37:d1:98:51:2a:d6:b5:f5:c7:98:d8:74:2c:4e:cd debug1: Host 'clpnas' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/dba/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/dba/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/dba/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/dba/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive Password: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive Password:

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• Looking for advice on using dd to backup a dual boot laptop.

  - by AvatarOfChronos

  My questions boils down to this. If I do "dd if=/dev/sda of=usbdrive" can anybody confirm that this will get everything including mbr/partition information/all four partitions and create a drive that I can swap with the failing internal drive without losing anything? If this is done while the computer is running will it still copy everything? At this point I'm afraid to shutdown the computer for fear of it never starting again. Secondly, how tolerant is dd of failing drives? Has anybody used it to recover a half dead drive before that can share any potential pitfalls? Did it get the data ok or is this going to be a hope for the best kind of situation? And lastly, If the usbdrive is larger than the failing internal drive I'll still be able to expand the partitions later so I'm not losing space? this last part seems silly to ask but with my current streak of bad luck I'll end up overwriting some magic bit and forever turning a 640gb hdd into a 500gb hdd. Also if anybody has a better solution to create a complete clone that gets everything I'm all for hearing about it. PostScript: I had been making periodic backups however when whatever miasma that killed the laptop struck it also got the NAS :( Post PostScript: both devices were on a UPS system.

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