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  • IS operator behaving a bit strangely

    - by flockofcode
    1) According to my book, IS operator can check whether expression E (E is type) can be converted to the target type only if E is either a reference conversion, boxing or unboxing. Since in the following example IS doesn’t check for either of the three types of conversion, the code shouldn’t work, but it does: int i=100; if (i is long) //returns true, indicating that conversion is possible l = i; 2) a) B b; A a = new A(); if (a is B) b = (B)a; int i = b.l; class A { public int l = 100; } class B:A { } The above code always causes compile time error “Use of unassigned variable”. If condition a is B evaluates to false, then b won’t be assigned a value, but if condition is true, then it will. And thus by allowing such a code compiler would have no way of knowing whether the usage of b in code following the if statement is valid or not ( due to not knowing whether a is b evaluates to true or false) , but why should it know that? Intsead why couldn’t runtime handle this? b) But if instead we’re dealing with non reference types, then compiler doesn’t complain, even though the code is identical.Why? int i = 100; long l; if (i is long) l = i; thank you

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  • LINQ Except operator and object equality

    - by Abhijeet Patel
    Here is an interesting issue I noticed when using the Except Operator: I have list of users from which I want to exclude some users: The list of users is coming from an XML file: The code goes like this: interface IUser { int ID { get; set; } string Name { get; set; } } class User: IUser { #region IUser Members public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } #endregion public override string ToString() { return ID + ":" +Name; } public static IEnumerable<IUser> GetMatchingUsers(IEnumerable<IUser> users) { IEnumerable<IUser> localList = new List<User> { new User{ ID=4, Name="James"}, new User{ ID=5, Name="Tom"} }.OfType<IUser>(); var matches = from u in users join lu in localList on u.ID equals lu.ID select u; return matches; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { XDocument doc = XDocument.Load("Users.xml"); IEnumerable<IUser> users = doc.Element("Users").Elements("User").Select (u => new User { ID = (int)u.Attribute("id"), Name = (string)u.Attribute("name") } ).OfType<IUser>(); //still a query, objects have not been materialized var matches = User.GetMatchingUsers(users); var excludes = users.Except(matches); // excludes should contain 6 users but here it contains 8 users } } When I call User.GetMatchingUsers(users) I get 2 matches as expected. The issue is that when I call users.Except(matches) The matching users are not being excluded at all! I am expecting 6 users ut "excludes" contains all 8 users instead. Since all I'm doing in GetMatchingUsers(IEnumerable users) is taking the IEnumerable and just returning the IUsers whose ID's match( 2 IUsers in this case), my understanding is that by default "Except" will use reference equality for comparing the objects to be excluded. Is this not how "Except" behaves? What is even more interesting is that if I materialize the objects using .ToList() and then get the matching users, and call "Except", everything works as expected! Like so: IEnumerable users = doc.Element("Users").Elements("User").Select (u = new User { ID = (int)u.Attribute("id"), Name = (string)u.Attribute("name") } ).OfType().ToList(); //explicity materializing all objects by calling ToList() var matches = User.GetMatchingUsers(users); var excludes = users.Except(matches); // excludes now contains 6 users as expected I don't see why I should need to materialize objects for calling "Except" given that its defined on IEnumerable? Any suggesstions / insights would be much appreciated.

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  • Confusion over C++ new operator and classes

    - by Nils
    Hi all I created a simple class in C++ which has a private dynamic array. In the constructor I initialize the array using new and in the destructor I free it using delete. When I instantiate the class using Class a = Class(..); it works as expected, however it seems I cannot instantiate it using the new operator (Like Class *a = new Class(..);), I always get a segmentation fault. What I don't understand is when I should use new to instantiate a class and when just call the constructor or should it be possible to instantiate a class either with new or by just calling the constructor. float** A = new float*[3]; for (int i=0; i<3; i++) { A[i] = new float[3]; } A[0][0] = 3; A[0][1] = 3; A[0][2] = 4; A[1][0] = 5; A[1][1] = 6; A[1][2] = 7; A[2][0] = 1; A[2][1] = 2; A[2][2] = 3; Matrix *M = new Matrix(A, 3, 3); delete[] A; delete M; Below the class definition.. class Matrix { private: int width; int height; int stride; float* elements; public: Matrix(float** a, int n, int m); ~Matrix(); }; Matrix::Matrix(float** a, int n, int m) { // n: num rows // m: elem per rows elements = new float[n*m]; for (int i=0; i<n; i++) { for (int j=0; j<m; j++) { elements[i*n + j] = a[n][m]; } } } Matrix::~Matrix() { delete[] elements; }

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  • User Defined Conversions in C++

    - by wash
    Recently, I was browsing through my copy of the C++ Pocket Reference from O'Reilly Media, and I was surprised when I came across a brief section and example regarding user-defined conversion for user-defined types: #include <iostream> class account { private: double balance; public: account (double b) { balance = b; } operator double (void) { return balance; } }; int main (void) { account acc(100.0); double balance = acc; std::cout << balance << std::endl; return 0; } I've been programming in C++ for awhile, and this is the first time I've ever seen this sort of operator overloading. The book's description of this subject is somewhat brief, leaving me with a few unanswered questions about this feature: Is this a particularly obscure feature? As I said, I've been programming in C++ for awhile and this is the first time I've ever come across this. I haven't had much luck finding more in-depth material regarding this. Is this relatively portable? (I'm compiling on GCC 4.1) Can user-defined conversions to user defined types be done? e.g. operator std::string () { /* code */ }

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  • How can I Setup overloaded method invocations in Moq?

    - by arootbeer
    I'm trying to mock a mapping interface IMapper: public interface IMapper<TFoo, TBar> { TBar Map(TFoo foo); TFoo Map(TBar bar); } In my test, I'm setting the mock mapper up to expect an invocation of each (around an NHibernate update operation): //... _mapperMock.Setup(m => m.Map(fooMock.Object)).Returns(barMock.Object); _mapperMock.Setup(m => m.Map(barMock.Object)).Returns(fooMock.Object); //... However, when the second Map invocation is made, the mapper mock throws because it is only expecting a single invocation. Watching the mapper mock during setup at runtime, I can look see the Map(TFoo foo) overload get registered, and then see it get replaced when the Map(TBar bar) overload is set up. Is this a problem with the way Moq handles setup, or is there a different syntax I need to use in this case?

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  • How do boost operators work?

    - by FredOverflow
    boost::operators automatically defines operators like + based on manual implementations like += which is very useful. To generate those operators for T, one inherits from boost::operators<T> as shown by the boost example: class MyInt : boost::operators<MyInt> I am familiar with the CRTP pattern, but I fail to see how it works here. Specifically, I am not really inheriting any facilities since the operators aren't members. boost::operators seems to be completely empty, but I'm not very good at reading boost source code. Could anyone explain how this works in detail? Is this mechanism well-known and widely used?

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  • Why is the compiler not selecting my function-template overload in the following example?

    - by Steve Guidi
    Given the following function templates: #include <vector> #include <utility> struct Base { }; struct Derived : Base { }; // #1 template <typename T1, typename T2> void f(const T1& a, const T2& b) { }; // #2 template <typename T1, typename T2> void f(const std::vector<std::pair<T1, T2> >& v, Base* p) { }; Why is it that the following code always invokes overload #1 instead of overload #2? void main() { std::vector<std::pair<int, int> > v; Derived derived; f(100, 200); // clearly calls overload #1 f(v, &derived); // always calls overload #1 } Given that the second parameter of f is a derived type of Base, I was hoping that the compiler would choose overload #2 as it is a better match than the generic type in overload #1. Are there any techniques that I could use to rewrite these functions so that the user can write code as displayed in the main function (i.e., leveraging compiler-deduction of argument types)?

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  • Can I have conditional construction of classes when using IoC.Resolve ?

    - by Corpsekicker
    I have a service class which has overloaded constructors. One constructor has 5 parameters and the other has 4. Before I call, var service = IoC.Resolve<IService>(); I want to do a test and based on the result of this test, resolve service using a specific constructor. In other words, bool testPassed = CheckCertainConditions(); if (testPassed) { //Resolve service using 5 paramater constructor } else { //Resolve service using 4 parameter constructor //If I use 5 parameter constructor under these conditions I will have epic fail. } Is there a way I can specify which one I want to use?

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  • Overload method (specifically drawRect:) without subclassing.

    - by SooDesuNe
    I'm using a container UIView to house a UIImageView and do some custom drawing. At this point I'd like to do some drawing on top of my subview. So overriding drawRect: in my container UIView will only draw below the subviews. Is there a way to overload drawRect: in my subview without subclassing it? I think method swizzling may be the answer, but I'm hoping not. (NOTE: yes, it would have been smarter to have the UIView be the subview of the UIImageView, but unfortunately I'm committed to my mistake now.)

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  • Implementing __concat__

    - by Casebash
    I tried to implement __concat__, but it didn't work >>> class lHolder(): ... def __init__(self,l): ... self.l=l ... def __concat__(self, l2): ... return self.l+l2 ... def __iter__(self): ... return self.l.__iter__() ... >>> lHolder([1])+[2] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'lHolder' and 'list' How can I fix this?

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  • C# 4: conflicting overloaded methods with optional parameters

    - by Thomas
    I have two overloaded methods, one with an optional parameter. void foo(string a) { } void foo(string a, int b = 0) { } now I call: foo("abc"); interestingly the first overload is called. why not the second overload with optional value set to zero? To be honest, I would have expect the compiler to bring an error, at least a warning to avoid unintentional execution of the wrong method. What's the reason for this behaviour? Why did the C# team define it that way? Thanks for your opinions!

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  • how do i call an overloaded action in .net mvc?

    - by Jeff Martin
    I have an overloaded action in my Controller: public ActionResult AssignList(int id) { ... } [AcceptVerbs((HttpVerbs.Get))] public ActionResult AssignList(int id, bool altList) { ... } I'd like to use the same partial view for both lists but it will potentially have a differently filtered list of Images. I am trying to call it from another view using RenderAction: <% Html.RenderAction("AssignList", "Image", new { id = Model.PotholeId, altList = true }); %> However I am getting the following error: The current request for action 'AssignList' on controller type 'ImageController' is ambiguous between the following action methods: System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult AssignList(Int32) on type UsiWeb.Controllers.ImageController System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult AssignList(Int32, Boolean) on type UsiWeb.Controllers.ImageController How can I call the specific overload?

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  • Python: Can subclasses overload inherited methods?

    - by Rosarch
    I'm making a shopping cart app in Google App Engine. I have many classes that derive from a base handler: class BaseHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, CSIN=None): self.body(CSIN) Does this mean that the body() method of every descendant class needs to have the same argument? This is cumbersome. Only one descendant actually uses that argument. And what about when I add new args? Do I need to go through and change every class? class Detail(BaseHandler): def body(self, CSIN): class MainPage(BaseHandler): def body(self, CSIN=None): #@UnusedVariable class Cart(BaseHandler): def body(self, CSIN): #@UnusedVariable

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  • Override number of parameters of pure virtual functions

    - by Jir
    I have implemented the following interface: template <typename T> class Variable { public: Variable (T v) : m_value (v) {} virtual void Callback () = 0; private: T m_value; }; A proper derived class would be defined like this: class Derived : public Variable<int> { public: Derived (int v) : Variable<int> (v) {} void Callback () {} }; However, I would like to derive classes where Callback accepts different parameters (eg: void Callback (int a, int b)). Is there a way to do it?

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  • Java method keyword "final" and its use

    - by Lukas Eder
    When I create complex type hierarchies (several levels, several types per level), I like to use the final keyword on methods implementing some interface declaration. An example: interface Garble { int zork(); } interface Gnarf extends Garble { /** * This is the same as calling {@link #zblah(0)} */ int zblah(); int zblah(int defaultZblah); } And then abstract class AbstractGarble implements Garble { @Override public final int zork() { ... } } abstract class AbstractGnarf extends AbstractGarble implements Gnarf { // Here I absolutely want to fix the default behaviour of zblah // No Gnarf shouldn't be allowed to set 1 as the default, for instance @Override public final int zblah() { return zblah(0); } // This method is not implemented here, but in a subclass @Override public abstract int zblah(int defaultZblah); } I do this for several reasons: It helps me develop the type hierarchy. When I add a class to the hierarchy, it is very clear, what methods I have to implement, and what methods I may not override (in case I forgot the details about the hierarchy) I think overriding concrete stuff is bad according to design principles and patterns, such as the template method pattern. I don't want other developers or my users do it. So the final keyword works perfectly for me. My question is: Why is it used so rarely in the wild? Can you show me some examples / reasons where final (in a similar case to mine) would be very bad?

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  • SqlParameter contructor compiler overload choice

    - by Ash
    When creating a SqlParameter (.NET3.5) or OdbcParameter I often use the SqlParameter(string parameterName, Object value) constructor overload to set the value in one statement. When I tried passing a literal 0 as the value paramter I was initially caught by the C# compiler choosing the (string, OdbcType) overload instead of (string, Object). MSDN actually warns about this gotcha in the remarks section, but the explanation confuses me. Why does the C# compiler decide that a literal 0 parameter should be converted to OdbcType rather than Object? The warning also says to use Convert.ToInt32(0) to force the Object overload to be used. It confusingly says that this converts the 0 to an "Object type". But isn't 0 already an "Object type"? The Types of Literal Values section of this page seems to say literals are always typed and so inherit from System.Object. This behavior doesn't seem very intuitive given my current understanding? Is this something to do with Contra-variance or Co-variance maybe?

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  • How do I call overloaded Java methods in Clojure.

    - by Pat Wallace
    For this example Java class: package foo; public class TestInterop { public String test(int i) { return "Test(int)"; } public String test(Object i) { return "Test(Object)"; } } When I start Clojure and try to call the test(int) method, the test(Object) method is called instead, because Clojure automatically boxes the integer into a java.lang.Integer object. How do I force Clojure to call the test(int) method? user=> (.test (new foo.TestInterop) 10) "Test(Object)" I want to call methods like Component.add(Component comp, int index) in AWT, but instead keep calling add(Component comp, Object constraints), so the buttons on my toolbar always appear in the wrong order.

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  • Efficient Method for Preventing Hotlinking via .htaccess

    - by Michael Robinson
    I need to confirm something before I go accuse someone of ... well I'd rather not say. The problem: We allow users to upload images and embed them within text on our site. In the past we allowed users to hotlink to our images as well, but due to server load we unfortunately had to stop this. Current "solution": The method the programmer used to solve our "too many connections" issue was to rename the file that receives and processes image requests (image_request.php) to image_request2.php, and replace the contents of the original with <?php header("HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error") ; ?> Obviously this has caused all images with their src attribute pointing to the original image_request.php to be broken, and is also the wrong code to be sending in this case. Proposed solution: I feel a more elegant solution would be: In .htaccess If the request is for image_request.php Check referrer If referrer is not our site, send the appropriate header If referrer is our site, proceed to image_request.php and process image request What I would like to know is: Compared to simply returning a 500 for each request to image_request.php: How much more load would be incurred if we were to use my proposed alternative solution outlined above? Is there a better way to do this? Our main concern is that the site stays up. I am not willing to agree that breaking all internally linked images is the best / only way to solve this. I refuse to tell our users that because of something WE changed they must now manually change the embed code in all their previously uploaded content.

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  • Using php's magic function inside another function does not work

    - by Sirber
    I want to use magic function __set() and __get() for storing SQL data inside a php5 class and I get some strange issue using them inside a function: Works: if (!isset($this->sPrimaryKey) || !isset($this->sTable)) return false; $id = $this->{$this->sPrimaryKey}; if (empty($id)) return false; echo 'yaay!'; Does not work: if (!isset($this->sPrimaryKey) || !isset($this->sTable)) return false; if (empty($this->{$this->sPrimaryKey})) return false; echo 'yaay!'; would this be a php bug?

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  • How is method group overload resolution different to method call overload resolution?

    - by thecoop
    The following code doesn't compile (error CS0123: No overload for 'System.Convert.ToString(object)' matches delegate 'System.Converter<T,string>'): class A<T> { void Method(T obj) { Converter<T, string> toString = Convert.ToString; } } however, this does: class A<T> { void Method(T obj) { Converter<T, string> toString = o => Convert.ToString(o); } } intellisense gives o as a T, and the Convert.ToString call as using Convert.ToString(object). In c# 3.5, delegates can be created from co/contra-variant methods, so the ToString(object) method can be used as a Converter<T, string>, as T is always guarenteed to be an object. So, the first example (method group overload resolution) should be finding the only applicable method string Convert.ToString(object o), the same as the method call overload resolution. Why is the method group & method call overload resolution producing different results?

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  • Enums, Constructor overloads with similar conversions.

    - by David Thornley
    Why does VisualC++ (2008) get confused 'C2666: 2 overloads have similar conversions' when I specify an enum as the second parameter, but not when I define a bool type? Shouldn't type matching already rule out the second constructor because it is of a 'basic_string' type? #include <string> using namespace std; enum EMyEnum { mbOne, mbTwo }; class test { public: #if 1 // 0 = COMPILE_OK, 1 = COMPILE_FAIL test(basic_string<char> myString, EMyEnum myBool2) { } test(bool myBool, bool myBool2) { } #else test(basic_string<char> myString, bool myBool2) { } test(bool myBool, bool myBool2) { } #endif }; void testme() { test("test", mbOne); } I can work around this by specifying a reference 'ie. basic_string &myString' but not if it is 'const basic_string &myString'. Also calling explicitly via "test((basic_string)"test", mbOne);" also works. I suspect this has something to do with every expression/type being resolved to a bool via an inherent '!=0'. Curious for comments all the same :)

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  • Static Variables in Overloaded Functions

    - by BSchlinker
    I have a function which does the following: When the function is called and passed a true bool value, it sets a static bool value to true When the function is called and passed a string, if the static bool value is set to true, it will do something with that string Here is my concern -- will a static variable remain the same between two overloaded functions? If not, I can simply create a separate function designed to keep track of the bool value, but I try to keep things simple.

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  • Should you declare methods using overloads or optional parameters in C# 4.0?

    - by Greg Beech
    I was watching Anders' talk about C# 4.0 and sneak preview of C# 5.0, and it got me thinking about when optional parameters are available in C# what is going to be the recommended way to declare methods that do not need all parameters specified? For example something like the FileStream class has about fifteen different constructors which can be divided into logical 'families' e.g. the ones below from a string, the ones from an IntPtr and the ones from a SafeFileHandle. FileStream(string,FileMode); FileStream(string,FileMode,FileAccess); FileStream(string,FileMode,FileAccess,FileShare); FileStream(string,FileMode,FileAccess,FileShare,int); FileStream(string,FileMode,FileAccess,FileShare,int,bool); It seems to me that this type of pattern could be simplified by having three constructors instead, and using optional parameters for the ones that can be defaulted, which would make the different families of constructors more distinct [note: I know this change will not be made in the BCL, I'm talking hypothetically for this type of situation]. What do you think? From C# 4.0 will it make more sense to make closely related groups of constructors and methods a single method with optional parameters, or is there a good reason to stick with the traditional many-overload mechanism?

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