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  • Vector is pointing to uninitialized bytes when used in recvfrom call

    - by Adam A.
    In a function that I am writing I am trying to return a pointer to a vector of unsigned chars. The relevant code is below. std::vector<unsigned char> *ret = new std::vector<unsigned char>(buffSize,'0'); int n = recvfrom(fd_, &((*ret)[0]) ,buffSize, &recvAddress, &sockSize); //This should work too... recvfrom(fd_, ret ,buffSize, &recvAddress, &sockSize); // display chars somehow just for testing for(std::vector<unsigned char>::iterator it=ret->begin(); it<it->end();i++) { std::cout<<*it; } std::cout<<std::endl; ... return ret; When I run this through valgrind I get errors talking about how the buffer in recvfrom is pointing to uninitialized bytes. I've narrowed this down to the vector since I swapped it out for an unsigned char array and everything works fine. Any suggestions?

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  • C++: Retriving values of static const variables at a constructor of a static variable

    - by gilbertc
    I understand that the code below would result segmentation fault because at the cstr of A, B::SYMBOL was not initialized yet. But why? In reality, A is an object that serves as a map that maps the SYMBOLs of classes like B to their respective IDs. C holds this map(A) static-ly such that it can provide the mapping as a class function. The primary function of A is to serve as a map for C that initializes itself at startup. How should I be able to do that without segmentation fault, provided that I can still use B::ID and B::SYMBOL in the code (no #define pls)? Thanks! Gil. class A { public: A() { std::cout<<B::ID<<std::endl; std::cout<<B::SYMBOL<<std::endl; } }; class B { public: static const int ID; static const std::string SYMBOL; } const int B::ID = 1; const std::string B::SYMBOL = "B"; class C { public: static A s_A; }; A C::s_A; int main(int c, char** p) { }

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  • Error C2451: Illegal conditional expression of type 'UnaryOp<E1, Op>' in ostream - visual studio 9

    - by Steven Hill
    I am getting a repeated error with VS 9. The code compiles under GNU C++, but I want debug with the VS IDE. Any idea what could be causing this error. Error 13 error C2451: conditional expression of type 'UnaryOp' is illegal \Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\VC\include\ostream 512 //unary constraint template class UnaryOp : public Constraint { public: const E1& e1; UnaryOp(const E1& _e1); bool Satisfiable() const; Bool SatisfiableAux() const; void Print (std::ostream& os) const; UnaryOp* clone () const; //operator bool () const { return true; } }; template std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const UnaryOp& unop); UnaryOp code that uses ostream: template INLINE void UnaryOp::Print (std::ostream& os) const { os << *this; } template INLINE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const UnaryOp& unop) { return os << Op::name << unop.e1; } ostream line with error: _Myt& __CLR_OR_THIS_CALL put(_Elem _Ch) { // insert a character ios_base::iostate _State = ios_base::goodbit; const sentry _Ok(*this); 512 if (!_Ok) _State |= ios_base::badbit; else { // state okay, insert character _TRY_IO_BEGIN

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  • So can unique_ptr be used safely in stl collections?

    - by DanDan
    I am confused with unique_ptr and rvalue move philosophy. Let's say we have two collections: std::vector<std::auto_ptr<int>> autoCollection; std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> uniqueCollection; Now I would expect the following to fail, as there is no telling what the algorithm is doing internally and maybe making internal pivot copies and the like, thus ripping away ownership from the auto_ptr: std::sort(autoCollection.begin(), autoCollection.end()); I get this. And the compiler rightly disallows this happening. But then I do this: std::sort(uniqueCollection.begin(), uniqueCollection.end()); And this compiles. And I do not understand why. I did not think unique_ptrs could be copied. Does this mean a pivot value cannot be taken, so the sort is less efficient? Or is this pivot actually a move, which in fact is as dangerous as the collection of auto_ptrs, and should be disallowed by the compiler? I think I am missing some crucial piece of information, so I eagerly await someone to supply me with the aha! moment.

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  • Help with SDL_mixer (no sound)

    - by Kaizoku
    Hello, I have this strange problem with SDL_mixer, it doesn't want to play music. It doesn't throw any error, it just skips it. Any advice? I am compiling on linux with libvorbis. audio.h #ifndef AUDIO_H #define AUDIO_H #include <string> #include <SDL/SDL_mixer.h> class Audio { private: Mix_Music *music; public: Audio(); virtual ~Audio(); public: void setMusic(std::string path); void playMusic(); }; #endif /* AUDIO_H */ audio.cpp #include "Audio.h" #include <stdexcept> Audio::Audio() { if (0 == Mix_Init(MIX_INIT_OGG)) throw std::runtime_error(Mix_GetError()); if (-1 == Mix_OpenAudio(44100, MIX_DEFAULT_FORMAT, MIX_DEFAULT_CHANNELS, 4096)) throw std::runtime_error(Mix_GetError()); } Audio::~Audio() { Mix_FreeMusic(music); Mix_Quit(); } void Audio::setMusic(std::string path) { music = Mix_LoadMUS(path.c_str()); if (NULL == music) throw std::runtime_error(Mix_GetError()); } void Audio::playMusic() { if (NULL != music) { if (-1 == Mix_PlayMusic(music, -1)) throw std::runtime_error(Mix_GetError()); } }

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  • boost::lambda bind expressions can't get bind to string's empty() to work

    - by navigator
    Hi, I am trying to get the below code snippet to compile. But it fails with: error C2665: 'boost::lambda::function_adaptor::apply' : none of the 8 overloads could convert all the argument types. Sepcifying the return type when calling bind does not help. Any idea what I am doing wrong? Thanks. #include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp> #include <boost/lambda/bind.hpp> #include <string> #include <map> int main() { namespace bl = boost::lambda; typedef std::map<int, std::string> types; types keys_and_values; keys_and_values[ 0 ] = "zero"; keys_and_values[ 1 ] = "one"; keys_and_values[ 2 ] = "Two"; std::for_each( keys_and_values.begin(), keys_and_values.end(), std::cout << bl::constant("Value empty?: ") << std::boolalpha << bl::bind(&std::string::empty, bl::bind(&types::value_type::second, _1)) << "\n"); return 0; }

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  • How much of STL is too much?

    - by Darius Kucinskas
    I am using a lot of STL code with std::for_each, bind, and so on, but I noticed that sometimes STL usage is not good idea. For example if you have a std::vector and want to do one action on each item of the vector, your first idea is to use this: std::for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), Foo()) and it is elegant and ok, for a while. But then comes the first set of bug reports and you have to modify code. Now you should add parameter to call Foo(), so now it becomes: std::for_each(vec.begin(), vec.end(), std::bind2nd(Foo(), X)) but that is only temporary solution. Now the project is maturing and you understand business logic much better and you want to add new modifications to code. It is at this point that you realize that you should use old good: for(std::vector::iterator it = vec.begin(); it != vec.end(); ++it) Is this happening only to me? Do you recognise this kind of pattern in your code? Have you experience similar anti-patterns using STL?

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  • Copy vector of values to vector of pairs in one line

    - by Kirill V. Lyadvinsky
    I have the following types: struct X { int x; X( int val ) : x(val) {} }; struct X2 { int x2; X2() : x2() {} }; typedef std::pair<X, X2> pair_t; typedef std::vector<pair_t> pairs_vec_t; typedef std::vector<X> X_vec_t; I need to initialize instance of pairs_vec_t with values from X_vec_t. I use the following code and it works as expected: int main() { pairs_vec_t ps; X_vec_t xs; // this is not empty in the production code ps.reserve( xs.size() ); { // I want to change this block to one line code. struct get_pair { pair_t operator()( const X& value ) { return std::make_pair( value, X2() ); } }; std::transform( xs.begin(), xs.end(), back_inserter(ps), get_pair() ); } return 0; } What I'm trying to do is to reduce my copying block to one line with using boost::bind. This code is not working: for_each( xs.begin(), xs.end(), boost::bind( &pairs_vec_t::push_back, ps, boost::bind( &std::make_pair, _1, X2() ) ) ); I know why it is not working, but I want to know how to make it working without declaring extra functions and structs?

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  • C++ boost.asio server and client connection undersanding

    - by Edgar Buchvalov
    i started learning boost.asio and i have some problems with undersanding tcp connections. There is example from official boost site: #include <ctime> #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <boost/asio.hpp> using boost::asio::ip::tcp; std::string make_daytime_string() { using namespace std; // For time_t, time and ctime; time_t now = time(0); return ctime(&now); } int main() { try { boost::asio::io_service io_service; tcp::acceptor acceptor(io_service, tcp::endpoint(tcp::v4(), 13)); for (;;) { tcp::socket socket(io_service); acceptor.accept(socket); std::string message = make_daytime_string(); boost::system::error_code ignored_error; boost::asio::write(socket, boost::asio::buffer(message), boost::asio::transfer_all(), ignored_error); } } catch (std::exception& e) { std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl; } return 0; } there is question, why if i want to connet to this server via client i have t write: boost::asio::io_service io_service; tcp::resolver resolver(io_service); tcp::resolver::query query(host_ip, "daytime"); //why daytime? tcp::resolver::iterator endpoint_iterator = resolver.resolve(query); tcp::resolver::iterator end; why daytime?, what it meant and where it is inicialized in server, or i just doesn't missed somefing? there is full client code : www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_39_0/doc/html/boost_asio/tutorial/tutdaytime1.html thanks for explanation in advance

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  • Custom types as key for a map - C++

    - by Appu
    I am trying to assign a custom type as a key for std::map. Here is the type which I am using as key. struct Foo { Foo(std::string s) : foo_value(s){} bool operator<(const Foo& foo1) { return foo_value < foo1.foo_value; } bool operator>(const Foo& foo1) { return foo_value > foo1.foo_value; } std::string foo_value; }; When used with std::map, I am getting the following error. error C2678: binary '<' : no operator found which takes a left-hand operand of type 'const Foo' (or there is no acceptable conversion) c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 8\vc\include\functional 143 If I change the struct like the below, everything worked. struct Foo { Foo(std::string s) : foo_value(s) {} friend bool operator<(const Foo& foo,const Foo& foo1) { return foo.foo_value < foo1.foo_value; } friend bool operator>(const Foo& foo,const Foo& foo1) { return foo.foo_value > foo1.foo_value; } std::string foo_value; }; Nothing changed except making the operator overloads as friend. I am wondering why my first code is not working? Any thoughts?

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  • Return Double from Boost thread

    - by Benedikt Wutzi
    Hi I have an Boost thread which should return a double. The function looks like this: void analyser::findup(const double startwl, const double max, double &myret){ this->data.begin(); for(int i = (int)data.size() ; i >= 0;i--){ if(this->data[i].lambda > startwl){ if(this->data[i].db >= (max-30)) { myret = this->data[i+1].lambda; std::cout <<"in thread " << myret << std::endl; return; } } } } this function is called by another function: void analyser::start_find_up(const double startwl, const double max){ double tmp = -42.0; boost::thread up(&analyser::findup,*this, startwl,max,tmp); std::cout << "before join " << tmp << std::endl; up.join(); std::cout << "after join " << tmp << std::endl; } Anyway I've tried and googled almost anything but i can't get it to return a value. The output looks like this right now. before join -42 in thread 843.487 after join -42 Thanks for any help.

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  • Rapid calls to fread crashes the application

    - by Slynk
    I'm writing a function to load a wave file and, in the process, split the data into 2 separate buffers if it's stereo. The program gets to i = 18 and crashes during the left channel fread pass. (You can ignore the couts, they are just there for debugging.) Maybe I should load the file in one pass and use memmove to fill the buffers? if(params.channels == 2){ params.leftChannelData = new unsigned char[params.dataSize/2]; params.rightChannelData = new unsigned char[params.dataSize/2]; bool isLeft = true; int offset = 0; const int stride = sizeof(BYTE) * (params.bitsPerSample/8); for(int i = 0; i < params.dataSize; i += stride) { std::cout << "i = " << i << " "; if(isLeft){ std::cout << "Before Left Channel, "; fread(params.leftChannelData+offset, sizeof(BYTE), stride, file + i); std::cout << "After Left Channel, "; } else{ std::cout << "Before Right Channel, "; fread(params.rightChannelData+offset, sizeof(BYTE), stride, file + i); std::cout << "After Right Channel, "; offset += stride; std::cout << "After offset incr.\n"; } isLeft != isLeft; } } else { params.leftChannelData = new unsigned char[params.dataSize]; fread(params.leftChannelData, sizeof(BYTE), params.dataSize, file); }

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  • openssl crypto library - base64 conversion

    - by Hassan Syed
    I'm using openssl BIO objects to convert a binary string into a base64 string. The code is as follows: void ToBase64(std::string & s_in) { BIO * b_s = BIO_new( BIO_s_mem() ); BIO * b64_f = BIO_new( BIO_f_base64() ); b_s = BIO_push( b64_f , b_s); std::cout << "IN::" << s_in.length(); BIO_write(b_s, s_in.c_str(), s_in.length()); char * pp; int sz = BIO_get_mem_data(b_s, &pp); std::cout << "OUT::" << sz << endl; s_in.assign(pp,sz); //std::cout << sz << " " << std::string(pp,sz) << std::endl; BIO_free (b64_f); // TODO ret error potential BIO_free (b_s); // } The in length is either 64 or 72. However the output is always 65, which is incorrect it should be much larger than that. The documentation isn't the best in the world, AFAIK the bio_s_mem object is supposed to grow dynamically. What am I doing wrong ?

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  • Botan linking error on Windows MSVC

    - by Jake Petroules
    I am trying to compile a library linking to the version of Botan from the Qt Creator sources with MSVC 2008 but am receiving the following error. MinGW compiles and links it fine. What is the issue? databasecrypto.obj:-1: error: LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: static unsigned int const Botan::Pipe::DEFAULT_MESSAGE" (?DEFAULT_MESSAGE@Pipe@Botan@@2IB) referenced in function "private: static class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl DatabaseCrypto::b64_encode(class Botan::SecureVector<unsigned char> const &)" (?b64_encode@DatabaseCrypto@@CA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@ABV?$SecureVector@E@Botan@@@Z) /*! Encodes the Botan byte array \a in as a base 64 string. \param in The Botan byte array to encode. */ std::string DatabaseCrypto::b64_encode(const SecureVector<Botan::byte> &in) { Pipe pipe(new Base64_Encoder); pipe.process_msg(in); return pipe.read_all_as_string(); // <-- default parameter here is Botan::Pipe::DEFAULT_MESSAGE }

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  • C++ Switch won't compile with externally defined variable used as case

    - by C Nielsen
    I'm writing C++ using the MinGW GNU compiler and the problem occurs when I try to use an externally defined integer variable as a case in a switch statement. I get the following compiler error: "case label does not reduce to an integer constant". Because I've defined the integer variable as extern I believe that it should compile, does anyone know what the problem may be? Below is an example: test.cpp #include <iostream> #include "x_def.h" int main() { std::cout << "Main Entered" << std::endl; switch(0) { case test_int: std::cout << "Case X" << std::endl; break; default: std::cout << "Case Default" << std::endl; break; } return 0; } x_def.h extern const int test_int; x_def.cpp const int test_int = 0; This code will compile correctly on Visual C++ 2008. Furthermore a Montanan friend of mine checked the ISO C++ standard and it appears that any const-integer expression should work. Is this possibly a compiler bug or have I missed something obvious? Here's my compiler version information: Reading specs from C:/MinGW/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/specs Configured with: ../gcc-3.4.5-20060117-3/configure --with-gcc --with-gnu-ld --with-gnu-as --host=mingw32 --target=mingw32 --prefix=/mingw --enable-threads --disable-nls --enable-languages=c,c++,f77,ada,objc,java --disable-win32-registry --disable-shared --enable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-libgcj --disable-java-awt --without-x --enable-java-gc=boehm --disable-libgcj-debug --enable-interpreter --enable-hash-synchronization --enable-libstdcxx-debug Thread model: win32 gcc version 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)

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  • Impossible to be const-correct when combining data and it's lock?

    - by Graeme
    I've been looking at ways to combine a piece of data which will be accessed by multiple threads alongside the lock provisioned for thread-safety. I think I've got to a point where I don't think its possible to do this whilst maintaining const-correctness. Take the following class for example: template <typename TType, typename TMutex> class basic_lockable_type { public: typedef TMutex lock_type; public: template <typename... TArgs> explicit basic_lockable_type(TArgs&&... args) : TType(std::forward<TArgs...>(args)...) {} TType& data() { return data_; } const TType& data() const { return data_; } void lock() { mutex_.lock(); } void unlock() { mutex_.unlock(); } private: TType data_; mutable TMutex mutex_; }; typedef basic_lockable_type<std::vector<int>, std::mutex> vector_with_lock; In this I try to combine the data and lock, marking mutex_ as mutable. Unfortunately this isn't enough as I see it because when used, vector_with_lock would have to be marked as mutable in order for a read operation to be performed from a const function which isn't entirely correct (data_ should be mutable from a const). void print_values() const { std::lock_guard<vector_with_lock>(values_); for(const int val : values_) { std::cout << val << std::endl; } } vector_with_lock values_; Can anyone see anyway around this such that const-correctness is maintained whilst combining data and lock? Also, have I made any incorrect assumptions here?

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  • Thread-safty of boost RNG

    - by Maciej Piechotka
    I have a loop which should be nicely pararellized by insering one openmp pragma: boost::normal_distribution<double> ddist(0, pow(retention, i - 1)); boost::variate_generator<gen &, BOOST_TYPEOF(ddist)> dgen(rng, ddist); // Diamond const std::uint_fast32_t dno = 1 << i - 1; // #pragma omp parallel for for (std::uint_fast32_t x = 0; x < dno; x++) for (std::uint_fast32_t y = 0; y < dno; y++) { const std::uint_fast32_t diff = size/dno; const std::uint_fast32_t x1 = x*diff, x2 = (x + 1)*diff; const std::uint_fast32_t y1 = y*diff, y2 = (y + 1)*diff; double avg = (arr[x1][y1] + arr[x1][y2] + arr[x2][y1] + arr[x2][y2])/4; arr[(x1 + x2)/2][(y1 + y2)/2] = avg + dgen(); } (unless I make an error each execution does not depend on others at all. Sorry that not all of code is inserted). However my question is - are boost RNG thread-safe? They seems to refer to gcc code for gcc so even if gcc code is thread-safe it may not be the case for other platforms.

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  • Boost link error when using "--layout=system" on VS2005

    - by Kevin
    I'm new to boost, and thought I'd try it out with some realistic deployment scenarios for the .dlls, so I used the following command to compile/install the libraries: .\bjam install --layout=system variant=debug runtime-link=shared link=shared --with-date_time --with-thread --with-regex --with-filesystem --includedir=<my include directory> --libdir=<my bin directory> > installlog.txt That seemed to work, but my simple program (taken right from the "Getting Started" page) fails: #include <boost/regex.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <string> // Place your functions after this line int main() { std::string line; boost::regex pat( "^Subject: (Re: |Aw: )*(.*)" ); while (std::cin) { std::getline(std::cin, line); boost::smatch matches; if (boost::regex_match(line, matches, pat)) std::cout << matches[2] << std::endl; } } This fails with the following linker error: fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'libboost_regex-vc80-mt-1_42.lib' I'm sure that both the .lib and the .dlls are in that directory, and named how I want them to be (ie: boost_regex.lib, etc, all unversioned, as the --layout=system says). So why is it looking for the versioned type of it? And how do I get it to look for the unversioned type of the library? I've tried this with more "normal" options, such as below: .\bjam stage --build-type=complete --with-date_time --with-thread --with-filesystem --with-regex > mybuildlog.txt And that works fine. I made sure my compiler saw the "stage\lib" directory, and it compiled and ran fine with nothing beyond having the environment looking into the right lib directory. But when I took those "testing" directories away, and wanted to use these others (unversioned), then it failed. I'm under VS2005 here on XP. Any ideas?

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  • boost::python string-convertible properties

    - by Checkers
    I have a C++ class, which has the following methods: class Bar { ... const Foo& getFoo() const; void setFoo(const Foo&); }; where class Foo is convertible to std::string (it has an implicit constructor from std::string and an std::string cast operator). I define a Boost.Python wrapper class, which, among other things, defines a property based on previous two functions: class_<Bar>("Bar") ... .add_property( "foo", make_function( &Bar::getFoo, return_value_policy<return_by_value>()), &Bar::setFoo) ... I also mark the class as convertible to/from std::string. implicitly_convertible<std::string, Foo>(); implicitly_convertible<Foo, std::string>(); But at runtime I still get a conversion error trying to access this property: TypeError: No to_python (by-value) converter found for C++ type: Foo How to achieve the conversion without too much boilerplate of wrapper functions? (I already have all the conversion functions in class Foo, so duplication is undesirable.

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  • C++ operator lookup rules / Koenig lookup

    - by John Bartholomew
    While writing a test suite, I needed to provide an implementation of operator<<(std::ostream&... for Boost unit test to use. This worked: namespace theseus { namespace core { std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } }} This didn't: std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& ss, const theseus::core::PixelRGB& p) { return (ss << "PixelRGB(" << (int)p.r << "," << (int)p.g << "," << (int)p.b << ")"); } Apparently, the second wasn't included in the candidate matches when g++ tried to resolve the use of the operator. Why (what rule causes this)? The code calling operator<< is deep within the Boost unit test framework, but here's the test code: BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE(core_image) BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_output) { using namespace theseus::core; BOOST_TEST_MESSAGE(PixelRGB(5,5,5)); // only compiles with operator<< definition inside theseus::core std::cout << PixelRGB(5,5,5) << "\n"; // works with either definition BOOST_CHECK(true); // prevent no-assertion error } BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END() For reference, I'm using g++ 4.4 (though for the moment I'm assuming this behaviour is standards-conformant).

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  • Duplicate Symbol Linker Error (C++ help)

    - by Vash265
    Hi. I'm learning some CSP (constraint satisfaction) theory stuff right now, and am using this library to parse XML files. I'm using Xcode as an IDE. My program compiles fine, but when it goes to link the files, I get a duplicate symbol error with the XMLParser_libxml2.hh file. My files are separated as such: A class header file that includes the XMLParser file above A class implementation file that include the class header file A main file that includes the class header file The duplicate symbol is occurring in main.o and classfile.o, but as far as I can tell, I'm not actually adding that .hh file twice. Full error: ld: duplicate symbol bool CSPXMLParser::UTF8String::to<std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) constin /Users/vash265/CSP/Untitled/build/Untitled.build/Debug/Untitled.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/dStructFill.o and /Users/vash265/CSP/Untitled/build/Untitled.build/Debug/Untitled.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/main.o Copying the implementation of the class into the main file and taking the class implementation file out of the compilation target alleviates the error, but it's a disorganized mess this way, and I'll be adding more classes very soon (and it would be nice to have them in separate files). As I've come to understand it, this is caused by the file (XMLParser_libxml2.hh) having both the class and function definition and implementation in one file (and it seems as though this might have been necessary due to the use of templates in that 'header' file). Any ideas on how to get around sticking all my class files in my main.cpp? (I've tried ifdefs, they don't work).

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  • multiple definition in header file

    - by Jérôme
    Here is a small code-example from which I'd like to ask a question : complex.h : #ifndef COMPLEX_H #define COMPLEX_H #include <iostream> class Complex { public: Complex(float Real, float Imaginary); float real() const { return m_Real; }; private: friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const Complex& Cplx); float m_Real; float m_Imaginary; }; std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const Complex& Cplx) { return o << Cplx.m_Real << " i" << Cplx.m_Imaginary; } #endif // COMPLEX_H complex.cpp : #include "complex.h" Complex::Complex(float Real, float Imaginary) { m_Real = Real; m_Imaginary = Imaginary; } main.cpp : #include "complex.h" #include <iostream> int main() { Complex Foo(3.4, 4.5); std::cout << Foo << "\n"; return 0; } When compiling this code, I get the following error : multiple definition of operator<<(std::ostream&, Complex const&) I've found that making this fonction inline solves the problem, but I don't understand why. Why does the compiler complain about multiple definition ? My header file is guarded (with #define COMPLEX_H). And, if complaining about the operator<< fonction, why not complain about the public real() fonction, which is defined in the header as well ? And is there another solution as using the inline keyword ?

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  • Linking a template class using another template class (error LNK2001)

    - by Luís Guilherme
    I implemented the "Strategy" design pattern using an Abstract template class, and two subclasses. Goes like this: template <class T> class Neighbourhood { public: virtual void alter(std::vector<T>& array, int i1, int i2) = 0; }; and template <class T> class Swap : public Neighbourhood<T> { public: virtual void alter(std::vector<T>& array, int i1, int i2); }; There's another subclass, just like this one, and alter is implemented in the cpp file. Ok, fine! Now I declare another method, in another class (including neighbourhood header file, of course), like this: void lSearch(/*parameters*/, Neighbourhood<LotSolutionInformation> nhood); It compiles fine and cleanly. When starting to link, I get the following error: 1>SolverFV.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual void __thiscall lsc::Neighbourhood<class LotSolutionInformation>::alter(class std::vector<class LotSolutionInformation,class std::allocator<class LotSolutionInformation> > &,int,int)" (?alter@?$Neighbourhood@VLotSolutionInformation@@@lsc@@UAEXAAV?$vector@VLotSolutionInformation@@V?$allocator@VLotSolutionInformation@@@std@@@std@@HH@Z)

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  • boost::filesystem - how to create a boost path from a windows path string on posix plattforms?

    - by VolkA
    I'm reading path names from a database which are stored as relative paths in Windows format, and try to create a boost::filesystem::path from them on a Unix system. What happens is that the constructor call interprets the whole string as the filename. I need the path to be converted to a correct Posix path as it will be used locally. I didn't find any conversion functions in the boost::filesystem reference, nor through google. Am I just blind, is there an obvious solution? If not, how would you do this? Example: std::string win_path("foo\\bar\\asdf.xml"); std::string posix_path("foo/bar/asdf.xml"); // loops just once, as part is the whole win_path interpreted as a filename boost::filesystem::path boost_path(win_path); BOOST_FOREACH(boost::filesystem::path part, boost_path) { std::cout << part << std::endl; } // prints each path component separately boost::filesystem::path boost_path_posix(posix_path); BOOST_FOREACH(boost::filesystem::path part, boost_path_posix) { std::cout << part << std::endl; }

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  • Deleting elements from stl set while iterating through it does not invalidate the iterators.

    - by pedromanoel
    I need to go through a set and remove elements that meet a predefined criteria. This is the test code I wrote: #include <set> #include <algorithm> void printElement(int value) { std::cout << value << " "; } int main() { int initNum[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }; std::set<int> numbers(initNum, initNum + 10); // print '0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9' std::for_each(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), printElement); std::set<int>::iterator it = numbers.begin(); // iterate through the set and erase all even numbers for (; it != numbers.end(); ++it) { int n = *it; if (n % 2 == 0) { // wouldn't invalidate the iterator? numbers.erase(it); } } // print '1 3 5 7 9' std::for_each(numbers.begin(), numbers.end(), printElement); return 0; } At first, I thought that erasing an element from the set while iterating through it would invalidate the iterator, and the increment at the for loop would have undefined behavior. Even though, I executed this test code and all went well, and I can't explain why. My question: Is this the defined behavior for std sets or is this implementation specific? I am using gcc 4.3.3 on ubuntu 10.04 (32-bit version), by the way. Thanks!

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