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• Grub hangs intermittently on "Starting Up..."

  - by Griffo

  Hi all, I've had this problem for a while now. My linux server is set to wake-on-lan but occasionally it halts at Grubs "Starting Up..." and goes no further. This is not due to additional hardware being attached such as a flash drive or anything as I never plug anything into it. It may boot perfectly 40 times in a row and then hit this issue. Sometimes it gets the issue a couple of times in quick succession and doesn't happen for ages again. I'm not sure how to diagnose it since it doesn't seem to be reproducible. Any help much appreciated. Thanks

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• How do I prevent 'net ads join' from doing DDNS update?

  - by genehack

  I'm using 'net ads join' to add Linux servers to an AD domain. The servers are multi-homed, with a public IP on eth1 and a non-routable private background network on eth0 (in the 172.20 space, used for netboots and installs and stuff -- no routing to the Internet on that network). When I 'net ads join', it appears that a DDNS entry is getting created for the 172.20 interface. How can I prevent this from happening? (FWIW, my powers at the AD level are very limited -- I can join servers and delete server records but that's about it...)

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• What is the difference between yum, apt-get, rpm, ./configure && make install

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and am running CentOs. When I want to update or install certain software I came across three ways. Sometimes it's: yum install program rpm -i program.rpm wget program.tar.gz unpack ./configure make make install That last one is a real pain, esp when you come from windows where a program install is usually one click and then a nice guide. Now can someone please explain to me: Why are there so many different ways to do this? Which one do you recommend to use and why? Are there any other ways for installing programs?

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• How to login without entering username and password

  - by torbengb

  I'm a newbie running Ubuntu 9.10. I have two users (wife and me), and each user's screensaver is set to lock so that on wakeup, we get to choose which user's desktop to go to. However, Ubuntu requires a password, so this is pretty tedious. I'd like to switch users without entering any password. I know about this trick that works for the boot login, but it doesn't deal with multiple users. Is it possible to set empty passwords for users in Ubuntu, or skip the password in other ways? (I'm expecting real Linux users to suggest that passwordless users must not get any rights and there be an admin user with a strong password. Yes, you're right. But that's not what this question is about. Thanks.)

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• How to tell if any MySQL connections has been dropped or timed out?

  - by Continuation

  A client is using PHP to connect to MySQL. The PHP scripts and the MySQL database are located on 2 different Linux servers. He complained that database connections were being dropped or timed out and asked me to take a look. Is there any place in MySQL that can show me what and how many connections have been dropped or timed out? I looked into slow query log and didn't see anything. Any suggestions on how to diagnose this dropped/timed out database connection problem? Thanks EDIT: Slow query log is enabled in my.cnf: log-slow-queries=/var/log/mysql-slow-queries.log And when I do a mysql> show global status; I got: | Slow_queries | 11402347 | So there are a lot of slow queries. But the file /var/log/mysql-slow-queries.log doesn't exist. Why is that?

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• is it possible in this case to get two IPv6 networks to communicate over the IPv4 Internet?

  - by user239167

  I have a setup of a laptop connected to a cellular IPv4 network (3G usb dongle) and PC connected to another IPv4/IPv6 network. Both have been configured to run as IPv6 routers and each has its IPv6 network. The laptop connects to the Internet via the 3G network with IPv4 address (private one and it is mostly changing) on one interface and has the other interface on AP mode providing its own private IPv6 network (2001:db8:444::/64). The PC connects to the Internet via the organization network with both public IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on one interface and has the other interface on AP mode providing its own private IPv6 network (2001:db8:222::/64). Both running Linux Ubuntu. Is it possible to get the two IPv6 network (2001:db8:222::/64 and 2001:db8:444::/64) to communicate over the IPv4 Internet? Is openvpn of any good in this case to get IPv6 traffic over IPv4-IPv4 tunnel? Thanks for helping in advance

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• Why is "chmod -R 777 /" destructive?

  - by samwise

  This is a Canonical Question about File Permission and Why 777 is "destructive". I'm not asking how to fix this problem, as there are a ton of references of that already on Server Fault (reinstall OS). Why does it do anything destructive at all? If you've ever ran this command you pretty much immediately destroy your operating system. I'm not clear why removing restrictions has any impact on existing processes. For example, if I don't have read access to something and after a quick mistype in the terminal suddenly I now have access well... why does that cause Linux to break?

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• using one disk as cache for others

  - by HugoRune

  Hi Given a PC with several hard drives: Is it possible to use one fast disk as a giant file cache? I.e. automatically copying frequently accessed data to that one disk, and transparently redirecting reads and writes to that disk, so that other drives would only have be accessed occassionally. (writes would have to be forwarded to the other disks after a while of course) Advantages: the other drives could be powered down most of the time; reducing power, heat, noise speed of the other drives would not matter much. cache disk could be solid state. How can I set such a system up? What OS supports these options? Is this possible at all using Windows or Linux?

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• My computer gets hosted when using 3G

  - by WeaklyTyped

  I recently activated 3G(UMTS) connection on my cellular network. I use Nokia S60 phone as a modem while connecting from Scientific Linux 6. While I am able to access net pretty well, the problem is my computer gets hosted. By using ip-address in a web-browser, anyone can access my localhost (running apache), this never happens with my wireline (ADSL) connection. Furthermore, even the Shell prompt changes from: [mach2@localhost ~]$ to [[email protected] ~]$ where XX.XX.XX.XX is the IP of the 3G connection. The very thought of putting my machine 'in the wild' is disconcerting. How can I rectify the situation without disabling services like apache, sshd and others?

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• Manually forcing TCP connection to retry

  - by Vi.

  I have a TCP connection (SSH session to some computer for example) Network suddenly goes down and drops all packets (disconnected cable, out of range). TCP resends packets again and again, retrying with increasing delays. I see the problem and plug the cable back (or restore network somehow). TCP connection finally successfully resends some packet and continues. The problem is that I need to wait for a some timeout on point 5. I want to use my opened SSH session now and not wait for 5-10 seconds until it finds out that connection is working again. How to force all TCP connections to resend data without delays in GNU/Linux?

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• Deactivate GPU and use IGP

  - by squelos

  I am having some trouble with my Sony Vaio SVE1511W1e laptop. It has an ATI Radeon and the i5 has an IGP (i5 2450m). I don't often use my GPU, and the IGP would be just enough for most usage I do. Therefore, in order to improve the battery life, I wish to deactivate the GPU and use only the IGP. The problem is that my BIOS doesnt allow me to do so. But I believe it is possible to deactivate the GPU 'programatically'. I'm running Debian Wheezy on the 3.2.0.4 AMD64 kernel. The first problem I'm running into is that when I run lspci, my IGP doesnt show up. Could this be because im lacking a kernel module? (I chose a targeted installation). What are the solutions to deactivating a GPU and using an IGP on a Linux System such as debian?

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• how to setup a ssh acount with no terminal but port forwarding?

  - by admalledd

  I am trying to set up a new user account I can give to friends so they can SSH into my forward computer, and only allow forwarding of certain ports. I do not want my friends to have a shell, or be able to change what ports to where they are allowed to forward. example session: joe(friend) connects using PuTTY (that I have pre-set, he isn't good with computers) to example.com(my Internet facing computer) forwarding ports 8080,1990,25565 to him(with what ever end ports he wants, preferably they stay the same numbers) example ssh command to do similar (but he can still change the ports on my computer!) ssh -N [email protected] -p443 -L8080:192.168.1.2:8080 -L1990:127.0.0.1:1990 -L25565:127.0.0.1:25565 then, same story with other friend smith(same ports, same user even) except he is using linux, so cant use putty. is it possible to also leave default SSH functinality for all other users but this one? I found this when I was searching google, but alas, I did not quite understand what was being suggested, and I don't think they covered restricting port forwarding

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• Operating Systems supported by the Intel SR1435VP2 Server Platform?

  - by Xspence

  I recently had two Intel SR1435VP2 Servers (with SE7320VP2 server boards) donated to me from a colleague. Google hasn't yielded much more than user manuals when searching for OS-compatibility answers. I have worked with flavors of Linux such as Ubuntu and Debian, but Intel only documents that they have tested proprietary operating systems such as SuSE, Solaris and Red Hat as documented on their driver downloads page. Has anyone worked with these machines before, and if so, do you know if the SR1435VP2/E7320 chipset supports OS's such as CentOS, Debian or Ubuntu? If you need more information or clarification, let me know. This is all new for me. Thanks in advance.

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• Modify PATH variable for X11 during log-in

  - by user1028435

  I am working on some lab computers (read: no administrative rights) that, if I log in, I need to change the PATH variable as X11 starts. The reason is that I need to change the PATH variable at this time, as opposed to later, is that the Print Screen command seems to "bind" during login (forgive my bad explanation of this). Currently, I have a .bashrc script as a workaround: #!/bin/bash export PATH=/home/username/bin:$PATH I can make it work by starting a new X, but I was wondering if it is possible to change upon login. cat /etc/redhat-release tells me my distribution is: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Client release 5.8 (Tikanga)

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• Disable passwd history feature with remember=0

  - by user1915177

  PAM version - pam-0.79 Is setting 0 allowed on "remember" option in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file of pam.d module to disable passwd history feature? With "remember=0" in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file, I am observing a memfault when running the passwd command as a USER. When browsed the source, the function in _set_ctrl in support.c file of pam_unix module handles wrong values of remember, but currently its not robust enough to handle 0, which is a wrong value. So the valid and only option to disable history feature, is to not include the "remember" option in /etc/pam.d/common-passwd file and not to set-up /etc/security/opasswd file? Could see in the following link mention of setting "remember" to 0 has no effect to remember value in "/etc/security/opasswd" file. =https://lists.fedorahosted.org/pipermail/linux-pam-commits/2011-June/000060.html

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• How can I use rsync with a FAT file system?

  - by Kim

  I would like to write a simple backup script that saves some data to a FAT drive. Should I reformat the drive and use a better file system or is it possible to use rsync with FAT? If so, what problems might I run into? Would performance be a lot worse? EDIT: This is on linux, didn't even know there was a rsync for windows. The sources are various file systems (it's a mess), and the destination is currently formatted with FAT32. Thank you for your answers, I'll probably go for a reformat, since I'm not completely sure about the file sizes we'll have.

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• How do I restore the Gnome Panel volume control in Ubuntu 10.04?

  - by Neil

  I use alsa, and I don't have a volume control applet on my Gnome Panel. When I right click and select "add to panel", there is nothing that has to do with "sound", "audio" or "volume" in the list, and the "Indicator Applet" or "Indicator Applet Session" things have no volume controls, or properties that would let you enable any sort of volume control. How can I get a volume control in Ubuntu, so I don't have to run aumix in a terminal or something? I've been using Linux since Redhat 5, it's beyond me why these sorts of problems are still around. Someone should just put a damn "Volume Control" element in the list of things to add to the panel, even if it doesn't work, perhaps showing an error message.

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• Splitting an archive on multiple media

  - by Robert Munteanu

  I'm generating archives which are larger than my current physical media ( DVD ). I'd like to split those archives: automatically - instead of generating mini-archives by hand; consistently - so that an archive can be extracted independently of another. For instance for a tree of 24GB which would be archived into 10GB I would get 3 archives, all of them < 4.7 GB and each of them being able to be extracted without the other 2. I'm using dirvish so I'm archiving a filesystem tree. Update: I'm using Linux.

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• Which simple server virtualization solution to use?

  - by vvanscherpenseel

  For one part of our hosting platform we are currently using VMware Server 2 to create two virtual machines on one physical machine. One VM is used for hosting of small websites, the other VM is used as a staging environment. Both the host OS and guest OSes run CentOS Linux. Support for VMWare Server 2 has been discontinued and we are currently looking for a replacement. We only use basic functionality (we don't use snapshots, moving around VMs to different physical machines, or other 'advanced' functionality'). Just a box, with two VMs. We are looking for a virtualization solution that has long-term support, is stable and allows configuration/management from Mac OSx (I understood that Xen only has a Windows client). What would be the right solution for us?

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• Manually forcing TCP connection to retry

  - by Vi

  I have a TCP connection (SSH session to some computer for example) Network suddenly goes down and drops all packets (disconnected cable, out of range). TCP resends packets again and again, retrying with increasing delays. I see the problem and plug the cable back (or restore network somehow). TCP connection finally successfully resends some packet and continues. The problem is that I need to wait for a some timeout on point 5. I want to use my opened SSH session now and not wait for 5-10 seconds until it finds out that connection is working again. How to force all TCP connections to resend data without now in GNU/Linux?

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• Resized NTFS partition, now it wont mount.

  - by H4Z3Y

  I have had a 1.5TB drive used as an external for 6 months or so, then I decided to put it in my linux server for network storage. ntfs was being crazy inefficient so I wanted to change the filesystem to ext4. I used the ntfsresize command to reduce the partition to 650GB and that took abour 2 hours, then I deleted all of the entries in fstab like a guide told me too and created a new one the size of the ntfs partition, or, 650GB. after I modified fstab the ntfs partition would no longer mount and when plugging it in to windows it says "This Hard Drive needs to be formatted". any ideas on how I can recover the data off of the drive? I have 600GB of free space on a different drive so I just need some way of copying them off.

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• Don't run cron job if already running

  - by webnoob

  Hi All, I know this question has been asked already but I either didn't understand the answer or it didn't apply to me. I have a php script that I am calling every 1 minute using CPanel to set up the Cron Job. The nature of the script means that it could overrun for just over the minute so I need to know how to stop the next one running if the first one hasn't completed. I have a VPS running CENTOS 5.5 and have access to WHM and CPanel. I have never used Linux before (only just got the server yesterday) so I have no idea what I am doing and would appreciate some help if possible. If I need to provide more information please let me know (I don't know what info you would need at the moment). Thanks.

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• Unix Shell/SSH config to allow TCP port forwarding without showing a command prompt

  - by Raphael K

  I'm running a Debian Linux. I'd like to have a user account that is able to connect via SSH for TCP-forwarding only, without a command prompt. e.g the following would work (from a remote computer): ssh -D1234 user@myhost but no command prompt would appear. Using a shell like /bin/false or /sbin/nologin is too restrictive as it doesn't even allow the user to log in. A shell that only allows the "exit" or Ctrl+D commands would do the job. I know that something similar is possible to allow only SFTP, but I can't find the equivalent for TCP forwarding. Thanks

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• Files copying between servers by creation time

  - by driftux

  My bash scripting knowledge is very weak that's why I'm asking help here. What is the most effective bash script according to performance to find and copy files from one LINUX server to another using specifications described below. I need to get a bash script which finds only new files created in server A in directories with name "Z" between interval from 0 to 10 minutes ago. Then transfer them to server B. I think it can be done by formatting a query and executing it for each founded new file "scp /X/Y.../Z/file root@hostname:/X/Y.../Z/" If script finds no such remote path on server B it will continue copying second file which directory exists. File should be copied with permissions, group, owner and creation time. X/Y... are various directories path. I want setup a cron job to execute this script every 10 minutes. So the performance is very important in this case. Thank you.

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• RAID 10, how layout works ?

  - by Bastien974

  I'm trying to figure out how exactly works the RAID 10 in linux with mdadm. I want to create a RAID 10 out of 4 partitions, let's say a, b, c and d. a and b are on the array 1, c and d array 2. So what I want is to have the couple a and b, c and d in RAID 0. Then on top of that, a RAID 1. The option in the mdadm command to configure the layout is -p, --layout with option : near, far, offset see here I want to keep my data safe if the array 1 fails for example, that would mean that every chunk of data are always copied on both arrays. How do I have to set my RAID 10, near or far ?

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