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• How to display SSH banner at login, but only for password authentication

  - by banjer

  I have a warning message that is displayed to a user after they enter their username to log in to our Linux servers. I only want to display this message for password authentications, and not when keys are used. It should only show to a user who is logging into a host, and not when they are sshing from one host to another (our hosts all have keys set up so we can ssh from one to another without entering passwords). Currently, I have a line for Banner in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file which points to a text file containing the warning message. Banner doesn't appear to have any further config options, so I'm wondering if there is a way to do this with pam or some other mechanism? Thanks.

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• SSO solution and centralized user mgmt for about 10-30 Ubuntu machines?

  - by nbr

  Hello, I'm looking for a clean way to centralize user management. The setup: About 10-30 linux machines (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server) Maybe 10-30 users for now. The requirements (hopes and expectations): A single place for the administrator to manage user accounts, passwords and the list of machines each user has access to. (And probably groups.) Doesn't have to be fancy. Single sign-on for SSH: the user should be able to login from machine A to machine B without re-entering his/her password. A Quick Google searches give me pointers to OpenLDAP and Kerberos, but I'm not sure where to start and what problem will each solution actually solve. Which way to go? I'd love to find a clear that focuses on this subject. (Or: am I asking "a wrong question"?)

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• SMS Gateway Suggestions Needed

  - by SidC

  Hi All, Our website is written using PHP and is powered by a hosted Linux web server. We want to allow our users to receive SMS messages when they've received intranet-site messages from fellow users - SMS Notification. What is required to implement this functionality? Are there open source (free?) server applications that address this? Do we need to contract with wireless carriers to send messages to their networks? What, if any fees, must be paid to them? Thanks, Sid

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• How do I setup Apache with FastCGI and Ruby?

  - by sdellysse

  I've been reading alot of forum posts, tutorials, etc., about setting up apache under linux with fastcgi. I'm trying to run fcgi for some of my ruby development (not rails), but I figure it should apply to any language. Please note that I already have apache, fastcgi, ruby-fcgi, and the like already installed on my web box. Conceptually, I'm having a hard time with it. Does apache spawn the specified fcgi processes as needed? Do I start them along side apache? Basically, I'm trying to get to a point where I am able to ask the proper questions, so apologies if the title is misleading.

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• Gnome 3 - Unable to change date and time

  - by Chris Harris

  I am running Arch Linux with Gnome 3. Unfortunately, although my time and date settings in /etc/rc.conf show that HARDWARECLOCK='UTC' and TIMEZONE='America/LosAngeles'. I continue to get the timezone of Europe/London. If I try to change the date and time via the GUI. It requires root access. After authorizing root access, the date and time may be changed; however, after closing the GUI window, it automatically reverts back to the previous incorrect timezone. I am able to use pool.ntp.org in order to sync my time to the correct one; however, this works only for the current session and is not fixed. This solution is inconvenient since there is not always network access. What other solutions are available for this problem?

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• Updating autoreconf

  - by AzaraT

  So I need to use the autoreconf to configure a package. However I need at least version 2.61. I'm on CentOS 5.8 and it seems like there's no package for it so I went on to compile it myself. So I get the source of autoconf from http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/ and compiled that. And sure when I do autoconf -V it shows up as version 2.68 which is indeed the latest version. However autoreconf (nothing the re) still shows up as the old version 2.59 which causes me some problems. So could someone help a relatively new linux user, updating autoreconf properly? Thanks

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• How can I use my laptop's monitor as my PC's ONLY monitor? (please vote to reopen) [closed]

  - by Randell

  Please vote to reopen. This is different from Can I use my laptop as a second monitor for my desk computer?, because that question is asking how to use the laptop screen as the secondary display, not as the only display. My PC's monitor just died and I'm not looking at buying a new monitor anytime soon. So I'm thinking of using my laptop's monitor for it. Both machines are running on Fedora linux. Edit: Both machines are connected to the same wireless network. PC needs to log in before it can connect to the network if I'm not mistaken.

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• changing filesystem format from jfx to ext4 without losing data

  - by A.Rashad

  I have a fresh Lucid Lynx (Ubuntu 10.04) running on a laptop. where I defined the filesystems as: mount point / on ext4 (46 Gb) mount point /home on jfs (63 GB) swap as 3 Gb I left the machine over night to do some task, without AC power supply. next day in the morning I found it on standby, task completed, but filesystem was not reachable. it gave me I/O error it seems that there is a problem with jfs and standby. anyways, to avoid any hassle, I want to move this mount point from jfs format to ext4. can I do this without losing data and without the need to place the data in a temporary location until transformation is done? sorry to mention that, but I recall back in the windows days, we would change a FAT16 to FAT32 or a FAT32 to NTFS without having to lose the data. I hope this is available on Linux.

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• How do I configure networking on CentOS 6 running on hyper-v?

  - by LonelyLonelyNetworkN00b

  I'm not using legacy adapters, and i've installed Linux Integration Components 3.2. THe problem i'm facing is that the command 'setup' or 'system-config-network' doesn't list any network interfaces. If i run ifconfig -a i can see both the network cards i've attached. By setting a ip using ifconfig i can get network connectivity. The problem is that it's not persistent after a reboot. I'm a 100% centos newbie, but I figure it has something to do with that the centos installer couldn't see the NICs on install. How can I fix this?

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• Alternatives to Citrix GoToAssist ?

  - by Evan Carroll

  Citrix GoToAssist is a really nifty little web application for customer support that allows you to take control of someones OSX, or Windows machine. Essentially, it works likes this: You log in to your management console You get a code You give them a code, and a website (fastsupport.com) They go there and enter in the code They accept the browser applet which installs a program on their computer You have control of their desktop You can see their desktop, configure applications, etc. They can also see when you disconnect. It is really rather nifty, but it doesn't support Linux and it is rather expensive (660$ a year). Does anyone know of any alternatives to this? I'm looking for a solution as simple on the user as this one, that doesn't require firewall configuration or setting up ssh/vnc/rdesktop etc.

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• Meaning of Bridge-Check in iptables flowchart

  - by networkIT

  In the famous iptables flow-chart what does bridge-check exactly stands for ? I couldn't find any documentation. The only clue I found was while scanning the MikroTik RouterOS documentation ( RouterOS is build upon a Linux 2.6.16 kernel ), I found this : In-interface Bridge = Checks if the input interface is a port for a bridge or is the bridge. Manual:Packet Flow Comparing both flow-charts brings clues that iptables Bridge-check might equal MikroTik In-Interface Bridge. Is this true ? Else, what might be the meaning of iptables Bridge-Check ?

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• Subscribe to feed in Thunderbird from the command line?

  - by Coderer

  From reading around the web, it looks like Firefox's "quick view" of an RSS feed sometimes lets you "Subscribe to this feed using" Thunderbird. For whatever reason, that's not an automatically-added option with my setup (FF 3.5.something + Thunderbird 3.0.something on Linux), so I figured I could just "Choose Application...", point at the Thunderbird binary, and be on my way. Not so -- nothing appears to happen. If I run thunderbird from the command line as thunderbird "http://path/to/feed" the app launches as normal. If it's already running, absolutely nothing happens. Is this impossible? Is there some mojo I can pass Firefox to tell it that Thunderbird exists? Should I just suck it up and copy/paste the URLs manually?

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• JFFS2 poor mount performance

  - by Marcin Polkowski

  I run multiple ARM boards with Debian Linux installed. Board is equipped with 512 MB of NAND memory. I've observed that after ~3 months of continuous run booting time increased significantly - it takes over 3 minutes to mount filesystem (JFFS2). System was using about 35% of available storage so I’ve removed unnecessary files (got to ~18%) but this didn't change anything. Then I realized that my software produces directories that are left empty so I’ve removed ~500 empty and unnecessary dirs. This didn’t help either. After system is started I see JFFS2 garbage collector (jffs2_gcd_mtd4) running and occupying over 90% of CPU. Now my question: is there a way to „optimize” JFFS2 filesystem for better performance - faster booting (my system have limited timid to boot up)? It would be great if this optimization could be done remotely - I have no physical access to boards.

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• Testing php mail() in localhost problem.

  - by Samir Ghobril

  Hey guys, recently I just installed msmtp in linux and I even send a mail from the terminal and it worked: echo -e "Subject: Test Mail\r\n\r\nThis is a test mail" |msmtp --debug --from=default -t [email protected] But in php, after editing the php.ini file to have this: sendmail_path = '/usr/bin/msmtp -t' and using this piece of code: <?php if ( mail ( '[email protected]', 'Test mail from localhost', 'Working Fine.' ) ){ echo 'Mail sent'; } else{ echo 'Error. Please check error log.'; } ?> I get the Mail sent message but don't receive a message in my inbox. Not even in the spam folder. Anything wrong I'm doing?

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• Are there any command line utilities which can calculate and/or limit how fast a pipe is running?

  - by stsquad

  I'm doing some basic stress testing of a Linux kernel network IWF with netcat. The set-up is fairly simple. On the target side: nc -l -p 10000 > /dev/null And on my desktop I was running: cat /dev/urandom | nc 192.168.0.20 10000 I'm using urandom for some poor-mans fuzz testing. However I find that even at this rate I can break something quite quickly. EDIT So I've been playing with trickle to rate limit how fast I'm generating data: cat /dev/urandom | trickle -u 10 nc 192.168.0.20 10000 But it's hard to tell if this is working. What would be really useful is a the pv equivilent of trickle that can work with pipes.

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• automated printouts from a wireless printer

  - by Piotr

  I have a wireless printer which is always on, and an always on fanless linux server. Looking at the mprinter project on Kickstarter I started to wonder if there is an app somewhere in the internet already that will allow to prepare an automated daily printout based on some settings. things to be printed could include - weather forecast for my locations, todo`s scheduled for that day, a "quote of a day" or "word of the day", stats from google analytics for my site, and many more ... I would set a printout at 6:15 every work day so its on my printer when I am already up, having a coffee. anyone knows something that can be used for such purpose? While I know this can be done by combining the power of TeX, cron and a script language to manage the dynamic part of the PDF I believe this is a use case someone has already addressed.

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• What is the difference between du -h and ls -lh?

  - by PeanutsMonkey

  I am having a difficult time grasping what is the correct way to read the size of the files since each command gives you varying results. I also came across a post at http://forums.devshed.com/linux-help-33/du-and-ls-generating-inconsistent-file-sizes-42169.html which states the following; du gives you the size of the file as it resides on the file system. ( IE will will always give you a result that is divisible by 1024 ). ls will give you the actual size of the file. What you are looking at is the difference between the actual size of the file and the amount of space on disk it takes. ( also called file system efficiency ). What is the difference between as it resides on the file system and actual size of the fil

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• How to load previous kernel via ssh?

  - by Aamir

  I work remotely on my work computer. I am also the root of the workstation that I am sharing with my colleague. Yesterday, I upgraded the kernel to 2.6.31-17 when asked by the update manager but refrained from restarting because I knew my NVIDIA and several other kernel modules wouldn't work. Unfortunately my colleague who is a linux noob restarted the machine and here I am :( I am thinking of changing the symlinks /initrd.img and /vmlinuz to the previous kernel image and use kexec. Please tell some better way to load the 2.6.31-16 release of kernel from ssh and not the grub boot menu. I am using Ubuntu Karmic.

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• Can gedit on mac be used to edit files over ssh?

  - by Dave

  I use a linux machine at work and a mac at home. I can ssh from my machine at home to my work machine. But the only editor that I have access to on the command line then is vi, which I don't like. Is there a way to use gedit on my mac to edit files remotely over an ssh connection? This page says that it can be done, but I think that it assumes that you are using gedit on ubuntu. On my mac (os 10.5.8) I don't have the "bookmark" option when I click "connect to server". http://thecodecentral.com/2010/04/02/use-gedit-as-remote-file-editor-via-ftp-and-ssh-ubuntu/comment-page-1#comment-50558

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• Restrict VPN Clients to VPN Server

  - by Sprotty

  I've setup a VPN server using Debians pptpd. This all works, but I want to restrict incoming connections so they can only access ports on the VPN server and not get access to other machines on the VPN servers local network. I'm guessing this is a firewall rule? but i'm new to linux so am struggling a bit... ---- Additional info ----- The VPN Server is also hosting an SVN server, which is its real purpose, and the only service I want it to expose to incoming connections. I guess I could expose the SVN server directly, but I'm not confident that I could secure this correctly, so a VPN seemed to give an additional layer of security.

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• How to deny access to disabled AD accounts via kerberos in pam_krb5?

  - by Phil

  I have a working AD/Linux/LDAP/KRB5 directory and authentication setup, with one small problem. When an account is disabled, SSH publickey authentication still allows user login. It's clear that kerberos clients can identify a disabled account, as kinit and kpasswd return "Clients credentials have been revoked" with no further password / interaction. Can PAM be configured (with "UsePAM yes" in sshd_config) to disallow logins for disabled accounts, where authentication is done by publickey? This doesn't seem to work: account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so Please don't introduce winbind in your answer - we don't use it.

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• Thunderbird 11.0.1 reply address issues

  - by hardlywired

  I'm running Thunderbird 11.0.1 under Linux Mint 12 for all my email addresses (all IMAP). I have recently found that when I reply to an email it only includes the recipient's email address in the reply on a random basis. More often than not, I have to add them in each time. If it did it all the time I would think it was a setting but random being random, I can't pin this one down. I have reinstalled without any change. Any ideas?

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• What is fastest way to backup a disk image over LAN?

  - by David Balažic

  Sometimes I boot sysrescd or a similar live linux on a PC to backup the hardrive over local network to my server. I noticed many times, that the transfer speed is not optimal (slower than HDD and network speed). Any rules of thumb what to do and what to avoid? What I typically do is something like: dd bs=16M if=/dev/sda | nc ... # on client nc ... | dd bs=16M of=/destination/disk/backup1 # on server I also "throw" in lzop (other are way too slow) and sometimes on the fly md5sum calculation (both of uncompressed and compress source). I try to add (m)buffer (or other alternatives) to improve throughput (and get a progress indicator). I noticed that even with enough free CPU, adding commands to the pipeline slows things down. Typically the destination is on a NTFS volume (accessed via ntfs-3g, with the _big_writes_ option).

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• tcp handshake failed.client send rst (after syn-ack). can any one advice?

  - by user1495181

  architecture: 2 linux computer connected . on the second (192.168.1.1) one run apache server . I have a small program that take tcp packets from nfqueue change the dst ip to 192.168.1.1 in case that the dst ip is 192.168.1.2 (i know that i can do it with iptables , but my program will do more things in the future), fix check sum and return to the queue. if i call to telnet 192.168.1.1 , means that my program dosnt need to do any manipulation, handshake is OK. If i call to telnet 192.168.1.2 , my program change the dest. server get the syn and return syn-ack, but right after getting the syn-ack the client send rst. Can anyone advice? wireshark of the telnet tcpdump of the telenet above

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• Super user in LDAP?

  - by John8894

  I am running 10 Linux machines that is doing different types of work. The machines are configured to use LDAP authentication so when one user is configured in slapd he can login on all the machines. To make maintenance easier i want to create a root account in slapd so i can use this instead of the local root accounts when installing applications etc. but i am not sure on how to do this. Is it enough to create a user with the name root and gid/uid 0? should the local root be disabled somehow? I am fully aware that this is normally not a good idea from a security perspective, but as mentioned before this is a special case.

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